John Rickford
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The Authentic Speaker Revisited: a Look at Ethnic Perception Data from White Hip Hoppers
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 9 Issue 2 Papers from NWAV 31 Article 6 2003 The authentic speaker revisited: A look at ethnic perception data from white hip hoppers Cecilia Cutler Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Cutler, Cecilia (2003) "The authentic speaker revisited: A look at ethnic perception data from white hip hoppers," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 9 : Iss. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol9/iss2/6 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol9/iss2/6 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The authentic speaker revisited: A look at ethnic perception data from white hip hoppers This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol9/iss2/6 The Authentic Speaker Revisited: A Look at Ethnic Perception Data from White Hip Hoppers Cecilia Cutler 1 Introduction The ever-expanding popularity of rap music and hip hop culture exposes urban and suburban white youth to the speech of urban black youth. This paper examines how nine white middle class hip hoppers are identified in terms of ethnicity on the basis of their speech by undergraduate students. Additionally, it makes reference to past debates about what constitutes an authentic speaker and proposes that we reconsider the value of a socially defmed authenticity. In 1976, Eileen Hatala completed a study of the speech of a 13 year-old white girl ("Carla") who grew up in a predominantly African-American working class neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. -
LANGUAGE and LINGUISTICS on TRIAL: HEARING RACHEL JEANTEL (AND OTHER VERNACULAR SPEAKERS) in the COURTROOM and BEYOND John R. Rickford Sharese King
LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS ON TRIAL: HEARING RACHEL JEANTEL (AND OTHER VERNACULAR SPEAKERS) IN THE COURTROOM AND BEYOND John R. Rickford Sharese King Stanford University Stanford University Rachel Jeantel was the leading prosecution witness when George Zimmerman was tried for killing Trayvon Martin, but she spoke in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and her crucial testimony was dismissed as incomprehensible and not credible. The disregard for her speech in court and the media is familiar to vernacular speakers and puts Linguistics itself on trial: following Saussure, how do we dispel such ‘prejudices ’ and ‘fictions ’? We show that Jeantel speaks a highly systematic AAVE, with possible Caribbean influence. We also discuss voice qual - ity and other factors that bedeviled her testimony, including dialect unfamiliarity and institutional - ized racism. Finally, we suggest strategies for linguists to help vernacular speakers be better heard in courtrooms and beyond. * Keywords : AAVE, vernacular dialects, forensic linguistics, language attitudes, sociolinguistics, of what use is linguistics? ‘Da ’s how I speak. He cannot hear me that well. ’—Rachel Jeantel, in courtroom testimony , State of Florida v. George Zimmerman trial, June 27, 2013, pp . 229– 30 of court reporter ’s transcript ‘Ain ’t no justice. That ’s why they got that statue of her and got her blindfolded. Common sense would tell you if anybody need to see, she do. There ain ’t no justice. ’—Memphis, in August Wilson ’s play, Two trains running , 1992 ‘Finally, of what use is linguistics? … in the lives of individuals and societies , speech is more important than anything else. That linguistics should continue to be the prerogative of a few specialists would be unthinkable—everyone is concerned with it in one way or another. -
William Labov Unendangered Dialect, Endangered People
TRAA 1066 Dispatch: 27.1.10 Journal: TRAA CE: Lalitha Rao Journal Name Manuscript No. B Author Received: No. of pages: 14 Op: Chris/TMS 1 WILLIAM LABOV 51 2 52 3 UNENDANGERED DIALECT,ENDANGERED PEOPLE:THE CASE 53 4 54 5 OF AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULAR ENGLISH 55 6 56 7 57 8 58 9 African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is not The primary condition for such divergence is resi- 59 10 an endangered language variety; on the contrary, it is dential segregation. 60 11 continuing to develop, as all languages, and to diverge Residential segregation, combined with increasing 61 12 from other varieties. The primary correlates of such poverty, has led to a deterioration of many 62 13 divergence are residential segregation and poverty, features of social life in the inner cities. 63 14 which are part of a developing transgenrational cycle In these conditions, a majority of children in inner 64 15 that includes also crime, shorter life spans, and low city schools are failing to learn to read, with a 65 16 educational achievement. The most immediate challenge developing cycle of poverty, crime, and shorter life 66 17 is creating more effective educational programs on a span. 67 18 larger scale. In confronting residential segregation, we Reduced residential segregation will lead to great- 68 19 must be aware that its reduction will lead to greater er contact between speakers of AAVE and 69 20 contact between speakers of AAVE and speakers of speakers of other dialects. 70 21 other dialects. Recent research implies that, if residen- If, at some future date, the social conditions that 71 22 tial integration increases significantly, AAVE as favor the divergence of AAVE are altered, then 72 23 a whole may be in danger of losing its distinctiveness AAVE in its present form may become an endan- 73 24 as a linguistic resource. -
Curriculum Vitae January, 2016
Gregory Riordan Guy Curriculum Vitae January, 2016 PERSONAL Place of Birth Washington, D.C., USA Date of Birth 23 August 1950 Citizenship US Citizen; Canadian Citizen (dual nationality) Addresses University: Department of Linguistics, New York University 10 Washington Place New York, NY 10003 Telephone: (416) 998-7947 e-mail: [email protected] Home: 3 Washington Sq. Village, Apt 14F New York, NY 10012 Telephone: (212) 260-3230 Degrees and Academic/Professional Qualifications 1981 Ph.D., Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. Title of Ph.D. dissertation: Linguistic variation in Brazilian Portuguese: Aspects of the phonology, syntax, and language history. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1981. Republished 1983: Sydney: University of Sydney, Department of Linguistics. 1975 M.A., Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. Title of M.A. thesis: "Variation in the group and the individual: the case of final stop deletion." Published 1980, in William Labov, ed. Locating language in time and space. New York: Academic Press. 1972 B.A., English Language and Literature, Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA. 1968 B.A., Central High School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Additional Courses 1973 Linguistic Institute of the Linguistic Society of America, University of Michigan: Michael Halliday. ‘Cohesion in Discourse’ Derek Bickerton. ‘Pidgin and Creole Linguistics’ James Matisoff. ‘Southeast Asian Linguistics’ Current Position 2001-present Professor, Department of Linguistics, New -
African American Vernacular English Erik R
Language and Linguistics Compass 1/5 (2007): 450–475, 10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00029.x PhonologicalErikBlackwellOxford,LNCOLanguage1749-818x©Journal02910.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00029.xAugust0450???475???Original 2007 Thomas 2007 UKThecompilationArticles Publishing and Authorand Linguistic Phonetic © Ltd 2007 CharacteristicsCompass Blackwell Publishing of AAVE Ltd Phonological and Phonetic Characteristics of African American Vernacular English Erik R. Thomas* North Carolina State University Abstract The numerous controversies surrounding African American Vernacular English can be illuminated by data from phonological and phonetic variables. However, what is known about different variables varies greatly, with consonantal variables receiving the most scholarly attention, followed by vowel quality, prosody, and finally voice quality. Variables within each domain are discussed here and what has been learned about their realizations in African American speech is compiled. The degree of variation of each variable within African American speech is also summarized when it is known. Areas for which more work is needed are noted. Introduction Much of the past discussion of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) has dealt with morphological and syntactic variables. Such features as the invariant be (We be cold all the time), copula deletion (We cold right now), third-person singular -s absence (He think he look cool) and ain’t in place of didn’t (He ain’t do it) are well known among sociolinguists as hallmarks of AAVE (e.g. Fasold 1981). Nevertheless, phonological and phonetic variables characterize AAVE just as much as morphosyntactic ones, even though consonantal variables are the only pronunciation variables in AAVE that have attracted sustained attention. AAVE has been at the center of a series of controversies, all of which are enlightened by evidence from phonology and phonetics. -
BUKSZ – Budapesti Könyvszemle 27
B U D A P E S T I K Ö N Y V S Z E M L E KRITIKAI ÍRÁSOK A TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYOK KÖRÉBŐL BÍRÁLAT BOBORY DÓRA GIROLAMO CARDANÓRÓL TAKÁCS ÁDÁM K. HORVÁTH ZSOLTRÓL SZABARI VERA – MARGÓCSY DÁNIEL KÖNYVÉRŐL KISS FARKAS GÁBOR LÁZS SÁNDOR KÖNYVÉRŐL MÁRTON MIKLÓS ÉS TŐZSÉR JÁNOS – AMBRUS GERGELY KÖNYVÉRŐL VARGA PÉTER ANDRÁS: HOGYAN ÍRJUNK (MAGYAR) FILOZÓFIATÖRTÉNETET? SOÓS KÁROLY ATTILA – BALEKVADÁSZAT PROBLÉMA SÁNDOR KLÁRA – ÚJ HULLÁM A NYELVÉSZETBEN SZÉKELY IVÁN – SZÁMÍT, HOL HALSZ MEG? SZEMLE ATTILA, A SZÉKELY ÍRÁS, A CSÍKSOMLYÓI MÁRIA, A RÓZSA ZSIDÓ ÉS ROMA HOLOKAUSZT, INTERNÁLTAK, HALÁL ÉS TÖRTÉNELEM HABERMAS A BREXITRŐL MI A PÁLYA? BUCKMINSTER FULLER HAGYATÉKA MEGJELENIK 2016. TAVASZ–NYÁR NEGYEDÉVENTE B U D A P E S T I K Ö N Y V S Z E M L E Főszerkesztő: Wessely Anna Harsányi Tamás (tördelőszerkesztő), Sebes Katalin (szöveggondozó) A szerkesztőbizottság elnöke: Laki Mihály Szerkesztőbizottság: Bodnár M. István, Erős Ferenc, Gecser Ottó, Gyáni Gábor, Kálmán C. György, Klaniczay Gábor, Lakner Judit, Madarász Aladár, Majtényi László, Pajkossy Gábor, Szécsényi Endre 28. évfolyam 1. szám 2016. tavasz–nyár BÍRÁLAT Bobory Dóra: Girolamo Cardano: Életem 3 Egy élet torztükre Szabari Vera: Dániel Margócsy: Commercial Visions 8 Kuriózumok és gyűjtők Science, Trade, and Visual Culture in the Dutch Golden Age Kiss Farkas Gábor: Lázs Sándor: Apácaműveltség Magyarországon 13 Használati irodalom a XV–XVI. század fordulóján Az anyanyelvű irodalom kezdetei Takács Ádám: K. Horváth Zsolt: Az emlékezet betegei 18 Az idő történeti A tér-idő társadalomtörténeti -
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science (2019)
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/25303 SHARE Reproducibility and Replicability in Science (2019) DETAILS 218 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-48616-3 | DOI 10.17226/25303 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science; Committee on National Statistics; Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; Nuclear and Radiation Studies FIND RELATED TITLES Board; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics; Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics; Division on SUGGESTEDEngineering an CITATIONd Physical Sciences; Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, Nanadti oPnuabl lAicc Paodleicmyi;e Bso oafr Sd coienn Rcese, aErncghi nDeaetrain agn, da nIndf oMrmedaitcioinne; P20o1lic9y. Ranedp rGodloubcaibl ility aAnffda iRrse; pNliactaiobniliatyl Ainc aSdceiemnicees. oWf aSschieinngcteosn,, EDnCg:i nTeheer inNga,t iaonnda lM Aecdaidceinmeies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25303. Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this -
It Ain't About Race
6 6 DBR3~1! 06010 1015 06012006 11:15 am ⅜ Page: 1 log no. DBR06010 STATE OF THE ART IT AIN’T ABOUT RACE Some Lingering (Linguistic) Consequences of the African Slave Trade and Their Relevance to Your Personal Historical Hardship Index1 John Baugh African and African American Studies Program, Washington University in St. Louis ⅜ Abstract While most Americans agree that government officials failed to act promptly to provide food, water, shelter, and other relief to the victims of Hurricane Katrina, they disagree about the racial relevance of this negligence. Nevertheless, the unavoidable images of the storm’s disproportionately high number of African American victims among those unable to flee a foretold disaster brought into view the specter of racial inequality. While most theorists and commentators have used race and poverty as the primary lenses through which to view Katrina’s human toll, this paper utilizes linguistic rubrics and relative immigration status to address inequities globally suffered by people of African descent. In the case of American Blacks, our emphasis is on Blacks with ancestral ties to enslaved Africans, since those who suffered most in the wake of Katrina were not merely Black, but also direct descendants of American slaves of African origin. Framing the discussion in terms of linguistic ancestry, its relationship to slavery, and instances of (c)overt social and educational apartheid born of statutory racial segregation, I develop a Historical Hardship Index as an alternative way to advance equality in the period after the end of African slave trade. The proposed Historical Hardship Index can be applied—with slight regional modifications—to any- one, anywhere, without reference to race. -
Gregory Riordan Guy Curriculum Vitae January 2020
Gregory Riordan Guy Curriculum Vitae January 2020 PROFESSOR OF LINGUISTICS New York University Department of Linguistics 10 Washington Place New York, NY 10003 USA [email protected] +1-212-998-7947 PERSONAL INFORMATION Place of Birth Washington, D.C., USA Date of Birth 23 August 1950 Citizenship US Citizen; Canadian Citizen (dual nationality) Address 3 Washington Sq. Village, Apt 14F New York, NY 10012 Telephone: (212) 260-3230 Mobile: (917) 513-9133 DEGREES AND ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS 1981 Ph.D., Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. Title of Ph.D. dissertation: Linguistic variation in Brazilian Portuguese: Aspects of the phonology, syntax, and language history. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1981. Republished 1983: Sydney: University of Sydney, Department of Linguistics. 1975 M.A., Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. Title of M.A. thesis: “Variation in the group and the individual: the case of final stop deletion.” Published 1980, in William Labov, ed. Locating language in time and space. New York: Academic Press. 1972 B.A., English Language and Literature, Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA. 1968 B.A., Central High School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Additional Courses 1973 Linguistic Institute of the Linguistic Society of America, University of Michigan Guy/2 ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2001-present Professor, Department of Linguistics, New York University Director of Graduate Studies, 2004-2007 2015 Visiting Professor, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 2015 Visiting Professor, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil 2013-2014 Visiting Scholar, Meertens Instituut, KNAW, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2011 Professor, University of Colorado, Linguistic Institute, Linguistic Society of America 2009 Professor, Instituto de Lingüística, Associação Brasileira de Lingüística (ABRALIN) Universidade Federal de Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. -
The Effect of Borders on the Linguistic Production and Perception of Regional Identity in Louisville, Kentucky
THE EFFECT OF BORDERS ON THE LINGUISTIC PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION OF REGIONAL IDENTITY IN LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY BY JENNIFER SUZANNE CRAMER DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Rakesh M. Bhatt, Chair Professor Eyamba G. Bokamba Assistant Professor Adrienne Lo Professor Dennis R. Preston, Oklahoma State University ABSTRACT A great deal of scholarly research has addressed the issue of dialect mapping in the United States. These studies, usually based on phonetic or lexical items, aim to present an overall picture of the dialect landscape. But what is often missing in these types of projects is an attention to the borders of a dialect region and to what kinds of identity alignments can be found in such areas. This lack of attention to regional and dialect border identities is surprising, given the salience of such borders for many Americans. This salience is also ignored among dialectologists, as nonlinguists‟ perceptions and attitudes have been generally assumed to be secondary to the analysis of “real” data, such as the phonetic and lexical variables used in traditional dialectology. Louisville, Kentucky is considered as a case study for examining how dialect and regional borders in the United States impact speakers‟ linguistic acts of identity, especially the production and perception of such identities. According to Labov, Ash, and Boberg (2006), Louisville is one of the northernmost cities to be classified as part of the South. Its location on the Ohio River, on the political and geographic border between Kentucky and Indiana, places Louisville on the isogloss between Southern and Midland dialects. -
At Last: Plantation English in America: Nonstandard Varieties and the Quest for Educational Equity
At Last: Plantation English in America: Nonstandard Varieties and the Quest for Educational Equity John Baugh A brief anecdotal reflection from my youth places this discussion in personal and professional context. Like many African Americans, I was not encouraged to pursue higher education by my high school counselors. I attended a small rural community college in central California before attaining the opportunity to transfer to Temple University in Philadelphia, where I eventually majored in Communication and specialized in rhetoric, argumentation, and persuasion. It was during this time in my life that an episode involving a case of mistaken ethnic identity occurred, which then triggered my initial linguistic epiphany. In order to fully appreciate the circumstances surrounding this event, it is important to know two things: 1) I am a “light-skinned” African American and 2) despite extensive attempts to fully document our family ancestry, my parents have been unable to accurately identify any of our White ancestors. Whereas many Americans can point to their ancestral and linguistic heritage as a source of pride, my White ancestors (whoever they may be) never legally acknowledged their Mulatto offspring. Thus, while my parents have confirmed that many of my enslaved Mulatto ancestors resided in Virginia and the Carolinas, I have not conducted any DNA testing to determine my unknown White ancestry. I have always taken great pride in my African American identity, an identity nurtured by loving parents who taught me about the vital economic and military contributions that U.S. slaves and their descendants made toward the birth, security, and economic might of this nation. -
Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice John Baugh Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15345-5 — Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice John Baugh Frontmatter More Information Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice As a Black child growing up in inner-city neighborhoods in Philadelphia and Los Angeles, John Baugh witnessed racial discrimination at a young age and began to notice correlations between language and race. While attending college he worked at a laundromat serving African Americans who were often subjected to mistreatment by the police. His observations piqued his curiosity about the ways that linguistic diversity might be related to the burgeoning civil rights movement for racial equality in America. Baugh pursued these ideas while traveling internationally only to discover alternative forms of linguistic discrimination in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, the Caribbean, and South America. He coined the phrase “linguistic profiling” based on experimental studies of housing discrimination, and he expanded upon those findings to promote equity in education, employment, medicine, and the law. This book is the culmination of these studies, devoted to the advancement of equality and justice globally. john baugh is Margaret Bush Wilson Professor in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He is best known for advancing studies of linguistic profiling and various forms of linguistic discrimination that were supported variously by the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the U.S. Department of State. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15345-5 — Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice John Baugh Frontmatter More Information Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice John Baugh Washington University in St.