1 the Literature Psychology Aspects and Character

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THE LITERATURE PSYCHOLOGY ASPECTS AND CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN DONNY DHIRGANTORO’S NOVEL OF 5 CM AND THE RELATION TO THE LITERATURE LEARNING IN COLLEAGUE

Sariyah Astuti, Nugraheni Eko Wardani1, Muhammad Rohmadi2 Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Program Pascasarjana UNS [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This research aims to understand and described: (1) of the structure of the text in a novel 5 CM dhirgantoro donny work, (2) the figures based on the theory needs psychological conflict Abraham H. Maslow contained in a novel 5 CM Donny Dhirgantor work, (3) the the value of a character education that is contained in a novel 5 CM Donny Dhirgantoro work, (4) relevance in learning of literature in college. This research is research qualitative descriptive. The approach of research that we use is an approach to psychology literature. A source of data in this research using data wrote the syllabus eleven march university and data spoken through an activity an interview with informan-informan. The technique of the collection of data used is a technique interviews and analysis of documents. The validity of data in this research using triangulation theory and data sources. Engineering analysis of data used in this research is a technique analysis model interactive. `The analysis of the data shows that in this research there are the structure of the text as seen from intrinsic element and ektrinsik, an approach to psychology literature can also use the theory Abraham H. Maslow nor the theories of sigmund freud , the value of character education obtained from the study they could go in relevansion against literary learning in college eleven march university lecture especially literary criticism.

Keywords: psychology literature, the value of character education, learning

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INTRODUCTION called the need to grow (growth The literature appreciation is needs), satisfying this needs is the correct interpretation to the generally more dependent on literature. According to Hirsch (in conditions and the individual Semi, 1988: 56) that only the author’s concerned. intent who gives a true differentiator Donny Dhirgantoro’s novel of standard, offering reasons why the 5 CM was assessed using literature literature interpretation is essential to psychological approach because the be a science or discipline makes the literature psychology approach is an need for the literature learning in the approach that suitable for use in the schools. Therefore, the literature Donny Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM, learning is one way to improve because this novel tells about students’ creativity to create works of characterization, the inner flaming, and literature. very close friendship. In this novel the This study was used the author also describes in details of the Maslow’s theory (1970: 41). Maslow characters of each figure and the needs distinguishes the first of three needs was in accordance with the theory of with three further needs. The first of Abraham H. Maslow. three needs (physiological, save, This study aimed to (1) protection and security, as well as love describe and explain the text structure and have-owned) are called basic of the Donny Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 needs, i.e. the needs that arise because CM, (2) describe and explain the of a lack (deficiency needs). The figure’s psychological conflict based fulfillment of these needs was on the Abraham H. Maslow’s theory generally very dependent on the that contained in the Donny conditions and the presence of others. Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM, (3) Three need subsequent are self-esteem describe and explain educational and respect of others, self- values embodied in the Donny actualization, and aesthetic needs Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM. (4)

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describe and explain its relevance to elements are the elements that are the literature study in the college. within the literature that directly The novel word comes from establish and build literature, such as the Latin Novellus derived from the themes, characters, setting, plot and novies word which meaning a new. viewpoints and others, while the Novel in the general sense means the extrinsic elements are elements that story in form of prose in a broad are beyond the literature that directly measure that is a story with a complex affect the presence of the literature, plot and theme, a lot of character, and such as factor of social, economic, diverse of stories settings, the novels cultural, social and political, religious reflect and portray reality seen, felt in and community values. Intrinsic a particular form with a particular elements: intrinsic elements are the effect or linked bond with the elements that are within in the achievement of the movements of literature that directly establish and human desires. The main characteristic build a literature itself (Nurgiyantoro, of the novel is the main actor changed 2010: 45). in his fate (Zulfahnur, 1996: 12) Sastra Pratedja (in Literature psychology is Hidayatullah, 2010: 55) stated that the interdisciplinary research model to character education is the development establish the literature has more of values in a person. The root of all dominant position (Ratna, 2004: 349). evil and bad actions, crime actions lies Basically, literature psychology gives in the loss of the character. Strong attention to the discussion on the character is fundamental view that relation to the psychiatric elements of gives the ability to the human fictional figures contained in the population to live together in peace literature. and establish a world filled with In general, the literature was goodness and virtue that is free from built in two elements, namely intrinsic the violence and immoral actions. and extrinsic elements. Intrinsic

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RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH RESULT The research object is a Donny 1. Text Structure of Donny Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM. This Dhirgantoro’s Novel of 5 CM research is a qualitative descriptive From the research gained used Content Analysis strategy and conclusion that related to the intrinsic this study used literature psychological structure in the form of theme, approaches. Data and data sources is characterization, background/setting, novel, intensive interviews with two plot and viewpoints. informants of literature lecturer that is a. Theme Dr. Suyitno, M.Pd, and Drs. Yant The main theme in the Donny Mujianto, M.Pd., and two common Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM viewed reader informants that is Suci Irawati, from Arial said his love for Indy. S.Pd, and Rahma Agustia, S.Pd., the Here’s an excerpt. written data in the form of documents Batin Arial ricuh untuk mengatakan perasaannya of the syllabus from Sebelas Maret terhadap Indy, kalau emang University. Data collection techniques buat benar-benar udah sayaang susaahh banget bagi in qualitative research in generally can laki-laki untuk mengatakannva. be grouped into two, namely Sumpah gw sayang banget sama wanita ini. (D- interviews and documents or archive 5/N5CM/H.l00-102/2014). analyses (content analysis). The data validity used the triangulation b. Characterizations technique. This study used theory and In the Donny Dhirgantoro’s data sources triangulation (Sutopo, novel of 5 CM, Riani figure is most 2002: 70). This contents analysis pratagonis figure among his friends. technique in this study used the Due Riani is a good woman, gentle interactive analysis model. and caring for others. Author illustrates the Riani’s kindness shown in the following excerpt.

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Oiya mbak Jumi, tadi aku ada mmandang orang lain selalu roti dari rapat enggak aku lehih hebat dibanding dirinya. makan. Ini buat Mbak aja. Ian kayaknya tahu apa saja Belum di buka kok. Nih ambil yang diinginkan orang lain, aja. Belum aku buka bener! (D- tapi semenjak kenal dengan 2l/N5CM/H.82/2014) sahabat-sahabatnya Ian banyak berubah. (D-14/N5CM /H.37-43/2014) c. Additional Figures

Arial’s Mother really liked e. Place Background Arial’s friends because they already Usually they gathered-together considered as her own children at Arial’s home for joke and nostalgia. because if they play in Arial’s home Secret Garden is a favorite place they always prepared cassava cheese by gather. Here’s an excerpt. Arial’s Mother. Here’s an excerpt. “Ke Secret Garden yuk... udah Malam Tante….” oh malam mulai bau asep nih,” Arial anak-anak, mau main di sini yang sangat peduli pada lagi ya? Untung saja Tante kesehatan dan antirokok – baru beli singkong keju.. iya sama seperti Riani – mengajak tantee. (D26/N5CM mereka pindah tongkrongan, ke /H.20/2014) Bungalow taman rumahnya. (D-32/N5CM/H.33/2014)

d. Disposition (rounded figures) f. Time Background Disposition (rounded figures) After finished guidance with were described by the author is Ian his lecturer in afternoon, Ian read figure. Ian was shown the various reference books were related to his aspects of good and bad character to thesis at the night. Here’s an excerpt. his friends. Nonetheless Ian changed

since joining his friends. Here’s an Malam harinya, sambil tiduran excerpt. Ian membaca buku-buku referensi yang nyambung dengan skripsinya. (D- Ian yang dulu adalah Ian yang 35/N5CM/H.1 13/2014) tidak pede sama dirinya

sendiri, yang selalu mencoba jadi orang lain, yang g. Plot

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Plot created by the author is a di otak mereka. (D-48/N5CM /H.33-34/2014) mixture plot in which the author tells

the present events, recalling the past 2. The Psychologies Analysis Based events and back to present story. on Abraham H. Maslow’s Needs Here’s an excerpt. Theory in Donny Dhirgantoro’s Tiga Menit, semuanya teringat Novel of 5 CM pada tiga tahun yang lalu, ketika mereka baru berempat Physiological needs were also dan belum jadi power ranger” described when they are in Ranu (D14/N5CM/H.37-43/2014) Kumbolo. When resting, they did not h. Viewpoint realize that the water supply has been The Viewpoint in this study is exhausted. Here’s an excerpt. omniscient viewpoint. This is because

the author does not focus on a single Masih ada minum tidak Ple? character, but there is a protrusion on Punya gue udah abis, gilee gue haus banget” ada nih tinggal each character. With this perspective, dikit, ambil saja, Yan” lo tidak the author was free to highlight each mau? Gue baru minum... . abisin saja. Yah, udah, tidak character in detail. It was characterized ada air lagi Iho. (D-3/N5CM by the using of the word “Riani, Ian, /H.25 1/2014).

Genta, Zafran, Arial and often use the Safety needs are also felt by word of he/she (ia) and them (mereka). Arial in which when in Mahameru Here’s an excerpt. Arial feel very cold and in need of

warmth, and then his friends gives a Bau tanah basah hinggap sesaat di penciuman mereka, security sense to Arial by give the entah untuk yang keberapa jacket to Arial. Here’s an excerpt. kali. Zafran yang paling cepat ke Bungalow Secret Garden (karena dia doang yang lari- Ian membuka jaket luarnya dan larian,). Di sana mereka akan memberikan ke Arial, Lo mencoba mengutarakan apa gimana Yan? Gue lapis Lima, lagi yang akan mereka klik Pakai Rambo, Inget, Lo kanan dan explore dan hardisk

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kedinginan bukan kecapekan Kenapa dulu gue tidak pernah ya, lo pasti bisa sampai merhatiin mata kuliah ini ya? Puncak, Arial memakai jaket Rugi besar banget gue, dan Ian, tambah lagi nih Zafran dulu gue becanda mulu sih, melepas sweater rajutannva, baru kerasa Ian nyesel dalam ayo ternan-temannya kita peluk hati. (D-7/N5CM/H.114- Arial ramai-ramai dengan kuat 115/2014) sehingga Arial merasa aman dan hangat. (D- The self-esteem need is a way 4/N5CM/H.330-331/2014) to thinking and placed that self The love and belonged needs actualization need is the desire to viewed in Genta character, which obtain satisfaction with him to be any finally Genta expressed his feelings preferred or aspire to be creative and towards Riani that Genta was loved free to achieving the peak Riani. Here’s an excerpt. performance. The author illustrates Ian figure to actualize himself. Here’s an Genta bahagia adalah excerpt. akhirnya dia masih punya

kesempatan dan belum terlambat untuk menyatakan Bokap udah ngijinin gue untuk perasaan cintanya terhadap lanjut sekolah S-2 di luar Riani. Itu adalah anugerah dan negeri, Ada kampus bisnis cinta yang tak terkatakan tutur bagus banget di Manchester di Genta” (D6/N5CM/H.366- Inggris Britania Raya I’M 367/2014). Comiiingg’ sahut Ian dengan senang, cita-cita gue kuliah S-2 disana akhirnya tercapai. (D- The authors shown respect for 9/N5CM /H.190-191/2014). the achievements in the Ian figure where Ian felt sorry because there has 3. Character Education Values never noticed the lecturer when giving The character educational lectures. The need to respect for the values in the Donny Dhirgantoro’s achievements described in the novel of 5 CM including the value of following excerpt. character education of religious, hard work, national spirit, love the

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homeland, friends/communicative, “Saya Genta telah mendaki Mahameru bersama kalian environment caring, and responsibility. tercinta.... di Tanah Air The religious values appear Tercinta ini saya Arial, seorang yang sangat mencintai when Arial was reminds his girlfriend tanah ini. juga bagi saya Indy to comply with the five daily Arinda, Indonesiaku saya mencintaimu sepenuhnya, saya prayers, as in the following excerpt. Riani, saya mencintai tanah ini dengan sepenuh seluruh hati saya.”. ”Saya Ian saya bangga “Kamu udah shalat Ashar bisa berada disini bersama belum?’ tanya Arial kepada kalian semua bersama tanah Indy pelan sambil mematikan air tercinta ini.” (D-7/N5CM mesin mobilnya. (D-l/N5CM /H.348-349/2014). /H.88/2014)

In the journey, they were The hard work character was communicated with each other about also described by Ian that busy typing very beautiful scenery around him. and working to complete his thesis. They were exchanged the opinions Here’s an excerpt. during in Ranu Kumbolo. Here’s an

excerpt. “Ian pun terus usaha kerja keras dan semangat dan menulis satu halaman lebih Zafran sudah menghabiskan dilewatkan Ian dengan cepat, makan siangnya. Matanya tak dua jam berlalu tanpa terasa”. henti-hentinya memandang (D-3/N5CM /H.110-111/2014). sekeliling. Ian, iya Ple “negara

kita keren ya punya When in the Mahameru top pemandangan segini hebat” setuju, Ian membenarkan they are very happy to meet other pendapat Zafran, masih climbers. They are very proud to have dengan mulut penuh Indomie. (D-13/N5CM/H.256/2014) been in this land. Proudly, they were

waving the flag at the Mahameru top The national spirit also and sing together. Here’s an excerpt. described when Genta was explained

that the highest top on the Java island

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is Mahameru always crowded if there During this time, Ian has been are independence day ceremony. felt ignore his thesis. Ian was forgotten That’s was makes the Genta’s friends that he has a responsibility as a student are spirit and happy because they to complete his thesis. Here’s an could feel August 17 ceremony in excerpt. Mahameru. Here’s an excerpt. Sekarang gue mau belajar tanggung jawab sama apa Seneng banget deh gue, kita yang udah gue lakuin dan gw bisa ngerayain tujuh belasan abaikan selama ini, yaitu Agustus di Puncak tertinggi di dengan mengerjakan skripsi Pulau Jawa yaitu Puncak gue sampai selesai, semangat Gunung Mahameru, wah bagus Ian. (D-38/N5CM /H.64/20 14) banget tuh buat trip gue jadi

semangat gue.” Mata Riani tampak berbinar dan senang. RESULTS DISCUSSION (D-22/N5CM /H. 152/2014). 1. The Text Structure of Donny

work Dhirantoro’s Novel of 5 The character value of social CM care was also illustrated by Dinda Donny Dhirgantoro’s novel of figure who give more money when she 5 CM were viewed from the text purchase of rice packets to the structure tells the life of five friends grandmother of fifty thousand. Here’s who are always together are never an excerpt. separated, 5 CM Novel was raise the

social theme about friendship life, a Dinda langsung jongkok di depan si Mbok lalu very deep moral message and love. mengulurkan selembar lima The events in the 5 CM novel used puluh ribuan yang dilipat rapi. Dinda mengenggam tangan si forward and backward plot that means Mbok. Mbok ini aku kasih lebih in this novel tells the present story, ya, buat Mbok. (D- 28/N5CM/H.175-176/2014). remember the past and future events.

The main characters are Genta, Riani, Zafran, Arial, Ian, and additional

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characters are Dinda, Indy, Mr. requirement is essentials or basic Sukonto legowo, food seller at the needs (Maslow, 1994: 19). station, Daniek, climbers, Suhartono A research was conducted by aka Mas Gembul, car drivers. The Litrev (2010), entitled of Writing a novel theme is social, moral and love. Psychological Literature Review. The The viewpoint was used omniscient conclusions from these researches are viewpoint. that there are two main approaches to the literature psychology study. The 2. The Psychologies Analysis Based first approach is to choose the research on the Abraham H. Maslow’s area, read all of the relevant studies Needs Theory in Donny and arranges them in a meaningful Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM way. The second approach is to choose The research to the 5 CM novel a theme that set point to be made, and was focused on the psychologies then select which according to the elements contained in fictional study. The relevance of this journal characters in the literature. The with the 5 CM study is equally literature as the research object will be examining the study of literature and analyzed with psychological theories psychology approach. that are considered relevant for use in Furthermore, psychological the analysis. The selected theory is the research conducted by Ami E. Taylor Abraham H. Maslow’s basic needs in his research entitled of Body and theories that are considered Technology Refreshing the appropriate to analyze the 5 CM novel. Humanistic Critique. The conclusions Maslow was proposed that human of these studies are the humanistic needs include five requirements, psychology figure criticized namely: 1) physiological needs, (2) the technology. Based on the previous security need, (3) the belonged need, research conducted several (4) the respect need, and (5) self- researchers, this study focuses on the actualization needs. The fifth analysis on literary psychology studies

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and the education value in the Donny humans have a dynamic power) to Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM . provide character education This study is relevant to the knowledge through learning, Minderop (2007: 30) in the journal observation, and the provision of good entitled of “Thedore Dresier’s Social and positive sample for observed and Criticism and Moral Teaching in the implemented in life. The character Novel of the Sister Carrie”. This study education values that prominent in the discusses the Carrie’s effort to meet novel of 5 CM is religious, national the Maslow’s self-actualization needs. spirit, hard work, homeland love, In fulfillment the needs, Carrie was friends/communicative, environmental tried to achieve with hard work, then care and responsibility. Carrie able to meet those needs. The This study is in accordance last Carrie’s need when his aim to with Karatay Hatit’s study with the become a singer was accomplished. title of Character Egitiiminde Edebi This study same with the literature Eserlin Kullanimi (Using Literary psychology research of Donny Works in Character Education) Dhirgantoro’s novel of 5 CM that tell (International Periodical for the the persistence of Ian who working Language, Literature, and History of hard to finish his thesis only to achieve Turkish or Turkic. Vol. 6/1, Winter his aims to continue his master study 2011, pp .1398-1412,). In the journal in U.K. explained the importance of usability of literature to educate one’s character. With the literature was expected 3. Character Education Values children’s moral can be a good. The The character is the character relevance of this journal with 5 CM or nature of the human inner which study is equally describes the affected the whole thought and action importance of character education that that distinguishes a person to another. can be learned or imitated through a The characters can be formed (because literature. Literature becomes

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meaningful if it can affect behavior, relevance of literature psychological character or moral for the reader. approach and character education Next, the American Journal of values to literature learning in the Psychology Vol. 86, No. 4 (Jan. 2003) college that the novel of 5 CM can be pp.640-664 American Character and used as learning materials of literature the American Novel: An Expansion of criticism. The analysis was showed Reflection Theory in the Psychology that the novel of 5 CM is a novel that of Literature by Wendy Griswold. In has a high loyalty to the spirit of this journal, the author was tried to struggle, moral, motivation and determine how literature was analyzed character of a close friendship that fits through a psychological approach that analyzed using literature psychological was focused on the literature’s approach, and it contains the character character research. From the study education value that appropriated to results found the present of Ocdipus used as literature learning material in complex concept that includes of college in the course of literature reflection the guilty, self punish, pain, criticism, especially in the Sebelas and hallucinations disturbance that Maret University. become psychological pressure for actors in the novel of Sans and Lovers from DH Lawrence.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTI 4. The Relevance of Literature ON Psychology Approach and Conclusions Character Education Values to From the research result can be the Literature Learning in concluded that related to the form of College the intrinsic structure, namely: theme, Based on the research result characterization, background/setting, that has been done there is the plot, view point. From the research

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results of the psychological aspects for readers, students and other based on Abraham H. Maslow’s needs researchers are expected by theory there are twelve data. From researchers suggestions, criticisms, overall research results found ten and various kinds of constructive character education values. Among is comments regarding to this study. For the religious values, hard work, Indonesian Language and Literature national spirit, love of country, respect Lecturers can make the literature that for the achievements, friends/ full with literature elements and communicative, environment care, and fulfillment four kinds of literature responsibility. The relevance of this learning benefits, namely helping research that the psychological aspects language skills, and increase their of literature and character education knowledge and develop a culture of values with literature learning in creativity and taste, as well as to college can be used as learning support the character formation so well materials for high school and in the used as learning materials. Lecturers course of literary criticism of should choose a novel that can provide Indonesian Language Education in positive benefits for students, so that Sebelas Maret University. students not only acquired SUGGESTIONS entertainment only, but gain many Based on these research results, knowledge. researchers proposed some suggestions Reflection Theory in the psychology of Literature.

American Journal of Psychology Vol. 86, No 4 (Jan,2003)pp.640-664.

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Peradaban Bangsa.Surakarta: Griswold, Wendy. 2003 “American Yuma Pustaka Character and the American

Novel:An Expansion of

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Karatay, Hatit. 2011. Karakter Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Egitiimide Edebi Eserlerin Kullanimi Pelajar (Using Literary Works in Character Education). Semi. Atar.1988. Kritik Sastra Sebuah International Periodical for the Pengantar. Bandung: Angkasa. Languange, Literature, and History of Turkish or Sutopo, H. B. 2002. Metode Penelitian Turkic,Vol. 6 (1):1398-1412. Kualitatif. Dasar Teori dan Penerapannya dalam Litrev. 2010. Writing a Psychology Penelitian. Surakarta: UNS Press. Literature Review. University Zulfahnur. Dkk.1996. Kajian Apresiasi of Wangsinghton Psyhology of Satsra dan Drama. Jakarta: writing center,1 (1). 206-221 CV Sinar Baru

Maslow H. Abraham.1970. Motivation

and Personality. America: United States of Amerika Mindrope Albertine. 2010. Psikologi Sastra karya sastra , metode, teori, Model, Teori, dan Aplikasi, Yogyakarta: FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. ------. 2007.”Thedore Dreiser ‘s Social Criticims and Moral Teaching in The Novel of The Sister Carrie”. Internasional American Journal of psyhology Vol.6 No.10 pp 210.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan.2010. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: gadjah pendidikan dan kebudayaan direktirat jenderal pendidikan dasar Penerapannya dalam Penelitian Sastra. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret: University Press.

Ratna, Kutha Nyoman. 2004. Teori Metode dan Teknik Penelitian

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