35 CFR Ch. I (7–1–98 Edition)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

35 CFR Ch. I (7–1–98 Edition) § 135.13 35 CFR Ch. I (7±1±98 Edition) (f) Passenger means every person chapter, unless subject to the transi- other than: tional relief measures established in (1) the master and the members of § 135.31 of this chapter, the formula for the crew or other persons employed or determining PC/UMS Net Tonnage is: engaged in any capacity on board a PC/UMS Net Tonnage=K4(V)+K5(V) ship on the business of that ship; and +CF1(VMC) (2) a child under one year of age. in which formula: (g) Weathertight means that in any (1) ``K4''={0.25 + [0.01 × Log10(V)]} × sea conditions water will not penetrate 0.830 into the ship. (2) ``K5''=[Log10(DA±19)]/{[Log10(DA± 16)] × 17}. If the number of passengers § 135.13 Determination of PC/UMS Net (N1 + N2) is greater than 100 or DA is Tonnage. equal to or less than 20.0 meters then PC/UMS Net Tonnage shall be deter- K5 is equal to zero. mined as follows: (3) ``V''=Total volume of all enclosed (a) For all vessels with tolls fixed in spaces of the ship in cubic meters and accordance with § 133.1(a) or (b) of this is identical to V as specified in the 1969 154 VerDate 10<AUG>98 09:52 Aug 10, 1998 Jkt 179133 PO 00000 Frm 00148 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\179133T.XXX pfrm02 PsN: 179133T Panama Canal Regulations § 135.15 International Convention on Tonnage is: PC/UMS Net Tonnage=Panama Measurement of Ships. Canal Net Tonnage+CF1(VMC). (4) ``DA'' (Average depth)=The result [59 FR 43255, Aug. 22, 1994, as amended at 61 of the division of the Total Volume by FR 60612, Nov. 29, 1996] the product of the length in meters multiplied by the moulded breadth in § 135.14 Change of PC/UMS Net Ton- meters. DA=V/(L × MB). nage. (5) ``L'' (Length) is defined as 96 per- (a) Vessels whose PC/UMS Net Ton- cent of the total length on a waterline nage is determined in accordance with at 85 percent of the least moulded § 135.13(a) shall have a new PC/UMS Net depth measured from the top of the Tonnage issued if ``V'' changes. keel, or the length from the fore side of (b) A vessel whose PC/UMS Net Ton- the stem to the axis of the rudder nage is determined in accordance with stock on that waterline, if that be § 135.13(b) shall retain that tonnage greater. In ships designed with a rake until the vessel undergoes a significant of keel, the waterline on which this structural change as defined in length is measured shall be parallel to § 135.14(c). In the event of a significant the designed waterline. structural change, the vessel's PC/UMS (6) Moulded breadth is defined in Net Tonnage shall be determined in ac- § 135.12(c). cordance with § 135.13(a). (7) N1=number of passengers in cabins (c) For the purposes of paragraph (b) with not more than 8 berths. of this section, significant structural (8) N2=number of other passengers. change means an actual change of at (9) N1 + N2=total number of pas- least 10 percent in the total volume of sengers the ship is permitted to carry the vessel. Vessels without compara- as indicated in the ship's passenger cer- tive ITC 69 total volumes, or other tificate. suitable sources of total volume com- (10) ``CF1''=.031 for ships which the parison, shall have a fair and equitable Commission determines are designed to volume comparison made by the Com- carry containers on or above the upper mission to determine if a significant deck; otherwise ``CF1''=0. In making structural change has occurred. the foregoing determination, the Com- (d) If the VMC of a vessel is changed mission may consider documentation due to any physical modification after provided by such officials as are au- the vessel's PC/UMS Net Tonnage has thorized by national governments to been determined at the Canal, the PC/ undertake surveys and issue national UMS Net Tonnage may be revised by tonnage certificates. the Commission. (11) ``VMC''=the volume (in cubic me- [59 FR 43255, Aug. 22, 1994, as amended at 61 ters) of maximum capacity of the con- FR 60612, Nov. 29, 1996] tainers that can be carried on or above the upper deck. This volume may be § 135.15 Calculation of volumes. calculated by multiplying the maxi- (a) All volumes included in the cal- mum number of containers by 29.2 m3, culation of PC/UMS Net Tonnage shall or by other generally accepted methods be measured, irrespective of the fitting that meet the Commission's accuracy of insulation or the like, to the inner standards. VMC will not include any side of the shell or structural boundary container capacity that is included in plating in ships constructed of metal, ``V''. and to the outer surface of the shell or (b) For vessels subject to transitional to the inner side of structural bound- relief measures, the existing Panama ary surfaces in ships constructed of Canal Net Tonnage as specified on the any other material. certificate issued by the Commission (b) Volumes of appendages shall be included in the total volume. plus CF1 (VMC) shall be the PC/UMS Net Tonnage. In such case, the formula (c) Volumes of spaces open to the sea for determining PC/UMS Net Tonnage may be excluded from the total vol- ume. 155 VerDate 10<AUG>98 09:52 Aug 10, 1998 Jkt 179133 PO 00000 Frm 00149 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\179133T.XXX pfrm02 PsN: 179133T.
Recommended publications
  • In This Issue …
    In This Issue … INLAND SEAS®VOLUME 72 WINTER 2016 NUMBER 4 MAUMEE VALLEY COMES HOME . 290 by Christopher H. Gillcrist KEEPING IT IN TRIM: BALLAST AND GREAT LAKES SHIPPING . 292 by Matthew Daley, Grand Valley State University Jeffrey L. Ram, Wayne State University RUNNING OUT OF STEAM, NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SS HERBERT C. JACKSON . 319 by Patrick D. Lapinski NATIONAL RECREATION AREAS AND THE CREATION OF PICTURED ROCKS NATIONAL LAKESHORE . 344 by Kathy S. Mason BOOKS . 354 GREAT LAKES NEWS . 356 by Greg Rudnick MUSEUM COLUMN . 374 by Carrie Sowden 289 KEEPING IT IN TRIM: BALLAST AND GREAT LAKES SHIPPING by Matthew Daley, Grand Valley State University Jeffrey L. Ram, Wayne State University n the morning of July 24, 1915, hundreds of employees of the West- Oern Electric Company and their families boarded the passenger steamship Eastland for a day trip to Michigan City, Indiana. Built in 1903, this twin screw, steel hulled steamship was considered a fast boat on her regular run. Yet throughout her service life, her design revealed a series of problems with stability. Additionally, changes such as more lifeboats in the aftermath of the Titanic disaster, repositioning of engines, and alterations to her upper cabins, made these built-in issues far worse. These failings would come to a disastrous head at the dock on the Chicago River. With over 2,500 passengers aboard, the ship heeled back and forth as the chief engineer struggled to control the ship’s stability and failed. At 7:30 a.m., the Eastland heeled to port, coming to rest on the river bottom, trapping pas- sengers inside the hull and throwing many more into the river.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers
    Order Code RS21997 December 7, 2004 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Port and Maritime Security: Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers Jonathan Medalia Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary While much attention has been focused on threats to maritime security posed by cargo container ships, terrorists could also attempt to use oil tankers to stage an attack. If they were able to place an atomic bomb in a tanker and detonate it in a U.S. port, they would cause massive destruction and might halt crude oil shipments worldwide for some time. Detecting a bomb in a tanker would be difficult. Congress may consider various options to address this threat. This report will be updated as needed. Introduction The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, heightened interest in port and maritime security.1 Much of this interest has focused on cargo container ships because of concern that terrorists could use containers to transport weapons into the United States, yet only a small fraction of the millions of cargo containers entering the country each year is inspected. Some observers fear that a container-borne atomic bomb detonated in a U.S. port could wreak economic as well as physical havoc. Robert Bonner, the head of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has argued that such an attack would lead to a halt to container traffic worldwide for some time, bringing the world economy to its knees. Stephen Flynn, a retired Coast Guard commander and an expert on maritime security at the Council on Foreign Relations, holds a similar view.2 While container ships accounted for 30.5% of vessel calls to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Ship Stability
    2018-08-07 Lecture Note of Naval Architectural Calculation Ship Stability Ch. 7 Inclining Test Spring 2018 Myung-Il Roh Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University 1 Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Roh Contents þ Ch. 1 Introduction to Ship Stability þ Ch. 2 Review of Fluid Mechanics þ Ch. 3 Transverse Stability Due to Cargo Movement þ Ch. 4 Initial Transverse Stability þ Ch. 5 Initial Longitudinal Stability þ Ch. 6 Free Surface Effect þ Ch. 7 Inclining Test þ Ch. 8 Curves of Stability and Stability Criteria þ Ch. 9 Numerical Integration Method in Naval Architecture þ Ch. 10 Hydrostatic Values and Curves þ Ch. 11 Static Equilibrium State after Flooding Due to Damage þ Ch. 12 Deterministic Damage Stability þ Ch. 13 Probabilistic Damage Stability 2 Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Roh 1 2018-08-07 How can you get the value of the KG? K: Keel G: Center of gravity Ch. 7 Inclining Test 3 Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Roh The Problem of Finding an Accurate Vertical Center of Gravity (KG) The problem of finding an accurate KG for a ship is a serious one for the ship’s designer. FG G ü Any difference in the weight of structural parts, equipment, or welds in different ship will produce a different KG. K There is an accurate method of finding KG for any particular ship and that is the inclining test. 4 Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Roh 2 2018-08-07 Required Values to Find the KG (2/3) Heeling moment produced by total weight Righting moment produced by buoyant force Static equilibrium of moment t =F × GZ Inclining test formula r B 6 Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Roh Required Values to Find the KG (1/3) GZ» GM ×sinf (at small angle f ) GM= KB +BM - KGKG The purpose of the inclining test is to determine the position of the center of mass of the ship in an accurately known condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Safe Harbor Worksheet
    Safe Harbor Worksheet Description: Why should we care about Harbors? Roughly 90% of the world's goods are transported by sea. The port of NY/NJ is the third busiest port in the U.S. and the 18th in the World. Without our ports, life as we know it would not exist, however they are often overlooked. As trade volume increases, so does the size of ships. When European explorers first visited the New York Harbor, they found an estuary with a natural depth of 17 feet. As colonies became established and trade flourished, shipping channels were needed to allow for bigger ships. By 1880, the main ship channel was dredged to a depth of 24 feet and by 1891 to a depth of 30 feet. In 1914 the Ambrose Channel became the main entrance to the port of New York and had a depth of 40 feet and 2,000 feet wide (ship design changes/technological advancements allowed for wider ships). During World War II the main channel was dredged to 45 feet deep to accommodate larger ships up to Panamax size (the largest size ship which could travel through the Panama Canal). Panamax (1916) New Panamax (2016) Tonnage: 52,500 DWT Tonnage: 120,000 DWT Length: 950 ft Length: 1,201 ft Beam: 106 ft Beam: 161 ft Height: 190 ft Height: 190 ft Draft: 39.5 ft Draft: 50 ft Capacity: 5,000 TEU Capacity: 13,000 TEU Eventually even the Panama Canal was not big enough. In 2016, an expanded Panama Canal opened to allow for significantly larger ships (see above).
    [Show full text]
  • Measurement of Fishing
    35 Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 168: 35-38. Janvier 1975. TONNAGE CERTIFICATE DATA AS FISHING POWER PARAMETERS F. d e B e e r Netherlands Institute for Fishery Investigations, IJmuiden, Netherlands INTRODUCTION London, June 1969 — An entirely new system of The international exchange of information about measuring the gross and net fishing vessels and the increasing scientific approach tonnage was set up called the to fisheries in general requires the use of a number of “International Convention on parameters of which there is a great variety especially Tonnage Measurement of in the field of main dimensions, coefficients, propulsion Ships, 1969” .1 data (horse power, propeller, etc.) and other partic­ ulars of fishing vessels. This variety is very often caused Every ship which has been measured and marked by different historical developments in different in accordance with the Convention concluded in Oslo, countries. 1947, is issued with a tonnage certificate called the The tonnage certificate is often used as an easy and “International Tonnage Certificate”. The tonnage of official source for parameters. However, though this a vessel consists of its gross tonnage and net tonnage. certificate is an official one and is based on Inter­ In this paper only the gross tonnage is discussed national Conventions its value for scientific purposes because net tonnage is not often used as a parameter. is questionable. The gross tonnage of a vessel, expressed in cubic meters and register tons (of 2-83 m3), is defined as the sum of all the enclosed spaces. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS ON TONNAGE These are: MEASUREMENT space below tonnage deck trunks International procedures for measuring the tonnage tweendeck space round houses of ships were laid down as follows : enclosed forecastle excess of hatchways bridge spaces spaces above the upper- Geneva, June 1939 - International regulations for break(s) deck included as part of tonnage measurement of ships poop the propelling machinery were issued through the League space.
    [Show full text]
  • User Manual – Tanker Rapid Response Damage
    USER MANUAL – TANKER RAPID RESPONSE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT September 2019 © 2019 American Bureau of Shipping. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. USER MANUAL – TANKER RRDA Contents 1.1 General Information .................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Instructions for Validating Enrollment Status ........................................................... 6 1.3 Types of Analyses for Response ............................................................................... 7 1.4 Drills .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Training ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Activating/Notifying RRDA Team ........................................................................... 9 2.2 Time to Respond. ...................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Office Hours .............................................................................................................. 9 2.4 After Office Hours .................................................................................................. 10 2.5 Action After Voice Notification .............................................................................. 10 3.1 Information Requirements ....................................................................................... 11 3.2 Load Condition Before the Incident. ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inclining Test and Lightweight Survey V2.1
    GL Leaflet for Inclining test and Lightweight survey V2.1 Leaflet for Inclining test and Lightweight Survey Version 2.1 dated 2011-08-24 1 GL Leaflet for Inclining test and Lightweight survey V2.1 Version information Version Date Editor Items treated Approved 1.0 2005-05 Fim, TBo, Pei initial version HB 2.0 2011-04 Pei, GLe, SKl, MBst draft readings, status of vessel, FSM, tank fillings AFl 2.1 2011-08 Pei, Jasch BW shifting tanks, amount of additional masses, AFl shifting weights, editorial changes 2 GL Leaflet for Inclining test and Lightweight survey V2.1 Table of contents: 1 Inclining Test........................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Purpose and objective..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Acceptance of the test..................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Procedure of the inclining test ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Notification of the inclining test/lightweight survey.................................................................. 5 1.3.2 Condition of the vessel ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Mooring Arrangement.............................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • AFRAMAX Tanker Design
    The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Greek Section – Technical Meeting 15. March 2012, Athens HOLISTIC SHIP DESIGN OPTIMISATION: Theory and Applications by Apostolos Papanikolaou National Technical University of Athens - NTUA Ship Design Laboratory – SDL http://www.naval.ntua.gr/sdl A. Papanikolaou HOLISTIC SHIP DESIGN OPTIMISATION 1 List of contents 1. Introduction to Holistic Ship Design Optimisation • Important Design Optimization Notions • Holistic Optimisation Methodology 2. Optimization of RoPax ships – Case study • Projects ROROPROB (2000-2003) and EPAN-MET4 (2004-2007) 3. Optimisation of High-Speed vessels • Project FLOWMART (2000-2003) 4. Holistic Optimisation of Tanker Ships – Projects SAFEDOR and BEST (2005-2011) • Multi-objective Optimization of Tanker Ships • Case study-reference ship • Alternative configurations • Discussion of results 5. Conclusions- The Way Ahead A. Papanikolaou HOLISTIC SHIP DESIGN OPTIMISATION 2 Important Design Optimization Notions (1) • Holism (from Greek όλος, meaning entire, total)-holistic The properties of a system cannot be determined or explained by looking at its component parts alone; instead of, the system as a whole determines decisively how the part components behave or perform. “The whole is more than the sum of the parts” (Aristotle Metaphysics) • Reductionism-reduction: is sometimes interpreted as the opposite of holism. “A complex system can be approached by reduction to its fundamental parts” • Holism and reductionism need, for proper account of complex systems, to be regarded as complementary approaches to system analysis. • Systemic and analytical approaches are also complementary and strongly related to holism and reductionism • Risk (financial): “A quantifiable likelihood of loss or of less-than-expected returns” • Risk (general): “A quantifiable likelihood of loss of an acceptable state or of a worse-than-expected state condition” • Safety: may be defined as “An acceptable state of risk” A.
    [Show full text]
  • Panamax - Wikipedia 4/20/20, 1018 AM
    Panamax - Wikipedia 4/20/20, 1018 AM Panamax Panamax and New Panamax (or Neopanamax) are terms for the size limits for ships travelling through the Panama Canal. General characteristics The limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Panamax Authority (ACP) in a publication titled "Vessel Requirements".[1] Tonnage: 52,500 DWT These requirements also describe topics like exceptional dry Length: 289.56 m (950 ft) seasonal limits, propulsion, communications, and detailed ship design. Beam: 32.31 m (106 ft) Height: 57.91 m (190 ft) The allowable size is limited by the width and length of the available lock chambers, by the depth of water in the canal, and Draft: 12.04 m (39.5 ft) by the height of the Bridge of the Americas since that bridge's Capacity: 5,000 TEU construction. These dimensions give clear parameters for ships Notes: Opened 1914 destined to traverse the Panama Canal and have influenced the design of cargo ships, naval vessels, and passenger ships. General characteristics New Panamax specifications have been in effect since the opening of Panamax the canal in 1914. In 2009 the ACP published the New Panamax Tonnage: 120,000 DWT specification[2] which came into effect when the canal's third set of locks, larger than the original two, opened on 26 June 2016. Length: 366 m (1,201 ft) Ships that do not fall within the Panamax-sizes are called post- Beam: 51.25 m (168 ft) Panamax or super-Panamax. Height: 57.91 m (190 ft) The increasing prevalence of vessels of the maximum size is a Draft: 15.2 m (50 ft) problem for the canal, as a Panamax ship is a tight fit that Capacity: 13,000 TEU requires precise control of the vessel in the locks, possibly resulting in longer lock time, and requiring that these ships Notes: Opened 2016 transit in daylight.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Objectives Chapter 2 2. Hull Form and Geometry
    COURSE OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 2 2. HULL FORM AND GEOMETRY 1. Be familiar with ship classifications 2. Explain the difference between aerostatic, hydrostatic, and hydrodynamic support 3. Be familiar with the following types of marine vehicles: displacement ships, catamarans, planing vessels, hydrofoil, hovercraft, SWATH, and submarines 4. Learn Archimedes’ Principle in qualitative and mathematical form 5. Calculate problems using Archimedes’ Principle 6. Read, interpret, and relate the Body Plan, Half-Breadth Plan, and Sheer Plan and identify the lines for each plan 7. Relate the information in a ship's lines plan to a Table of Offsets 8. Be familiar with the following hull form terminology: a. After Perpendicular (AP), Forward Perpendiculars (FP), and midships, b. Length Between Perpendiculars (LPP or LBP) and Length Overall (LOA) c. Keel (K), Depth (D), Draft (T), Mean Draft (Tm), Freeboard and Beam (B) d. Flare, Tumble home and Camber e. Centerline, Baseline and Offset 9. Define and compare the relationship between “centroid” and “center of mass” 10. State the significance and physical location of the center of buoyancy (B) and center of flotation (F); locate these points using LCB, VCB, TCB, TCF, and LCF st 11. Use Simpson’s 1 Rule to calculate the following (given a Table of Offsets): a. Waterplane Area (Awp or WPA) b. Sectional Area (Asect) c. Submerged Volume (∇S) d. Longitudinal Center of Flotation (LCF) 12. Read and use a ship's Curves of Form to find hydrostatic properties and be knowledgeable about each of the properties on the Curves of Form 13. Calculate trim given Taft and Tfwd and understand its physical meaning i 2.1 Introduction to Ships and Naval Engineering Ships are the single most expensive product a nation produces for defense, commerce, research, or nearly any other function.
    [Show full text]
  • FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENTS to ASSESS SQUAT and VERTICAL MOTIONS in EXPOSED SHALLOW WATER by 1 2 3 Jeroen Verwilligen , Marc Mansuy , Marc Vantorre and Katrien Eloot4
    PIANC-World Congress Panama City, Panama 2018 FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS SQUAT AND VERTICAL MOTIONS IN EXPOSED SHALLOW WATER by 1 2 3 Jeroen Verwilligen , Marc Mansuy , Marc Vantorre and Katrien Eloot4 ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of full scale measurements performed on seven cape-size bulk carriers sailing inbound to the port of Flushing/Vlissingen (the Netherlands). The voyages of this type of vessels correspond to small under keel clearances (to a minimal value of 16%) and exposed wave conditions (with a wave height up to 2.6 m). The main interest in this paper concerns the vertical motions experienced by the vessels and the identification and assessment of the major factors influencing these motions. As the vertical ship motions for bulk carriers operating in coastal waters are mainly related to seakeeping and squat, the unsteady and steady ship motions were analysed separately. The observations will be applied to validate a prediction tool for vertical ship motions, which is implemented by the Common Nautical Authority (Flanders / the Netherlands) to assess probabilistically the accessibility of deep-drafted vessels to the harbours along the river Scheldt. 1 INTRODUCTION The shipping traffic to the Belgian and Dutch ports located at the Western Scheldt estuary and the river Scheldt follows an access channel of which the depth is restricted. As a result, deep-drafted vessels cannot always sail 24 hours a day on the river Scheldt. The period in which these vessels may proceed inbound or outbound is called the tidal window. The Common Nautical Authority (CNA) calculates these tidal windows and gives permission for the vessels to proceed.
    [Show full text]
  • Form B International Oil Pollution Prevention
    OMB APPROVAL 1625-0041 FORM B SUPPLEMENT TO THE INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE (IOPP CERTIFICATE) Record of Construction and Equipment for Oil Tankers in respect of the provisions of Annex I of the INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, relating thereto, (hereinafter referred to as "the Convention"). Notes: 1. This form is to be used for the first two types of ships as categorized in the IOPP Certificate, i.e."oil tankers and ships other than oil tankers with cargo tanks coming under regulation 2.2 of Annex I of the Convention". For the third type of ships as categorized in the IOPP Certificate, Form A shall be used. 2. This Record shall be permanently attached to the IOPP Certificate. The IOPP Certificate shall be available on board the ship at all times. 3. If the language of the original Record is neither English nor French nor Spanish, the text shall include a translation into one of these languages. 4. Entries in boxes shall be made by inserting either a cross (x) for the answers "yes" and "applicable" or a dash (-) for the answers "no" and "not applicable" as appropriate. 5. Unless otherwise stated, regulations mentioned in this Record refer to regulations of Annex I of the Convention and resolutions refer to those adopted by the International Maritime Organization. 1. Particulars of ship: 1.1 Name of ship: 1.2 Distinctive numbers or letters: 1.3 Port of registry: 1.4 Gross tonnage: 1.5 Carrying capacity of ship: (m3) 1.6 Deadweight of ship:
    [Show full text]