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Newcastle-Under-Lyme Borough Council, Civic Offices, Merrial Street, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, ST5 2AG

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Newcastle-Under-Lyme Borough Council, Civic Offices, Merrial Street, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, ST5 2AG NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME BOROUGH COUNCIL Air Quality Review and Assessment Second Round Updating and Screening Assessment May 2003 NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME BOROUGH COUNCIL COMMUNITY SERVICES A.H. Hudson, MSc, BSc, MBA, MCIEH, MCIWM, Head of Community Services, Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council, Civic Offices, Merrial Street, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, ST5 2AG DB FOREWORD In the past consultation with residents of Newcastle-under-Lyme has revealed that local people are concerned about air quality and the implications for their health. Air pollution remains an important local issue. Recently “Enforcement” of legislation has been found to be a high priority for local people and undoubtedly enforcement of Environment Protection legislation has a key part to play in maintaining environmental quality. The Council has monitored air quality over a long period as part of the National Survey of Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide and a nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube survey has been implemented to detect NOX levels. In addition “real time analysis” of air pollution has been carried out in the Borough to provide valuable data on CO, SO 2, NOX and suspended particulate levels. In the first stage of “Air Quality Review” the Government asked for air quality reviews to be “put on the fast track” and the Council responded by completing the studies within the specified deadlines. A great deal of detailed technical and scientific work was undertaken with regard to the Stage Two and Three Reviews. These studies revealed elevated concentrations of key pollutants in some areas notably NOX. The need to continue air pollution monitoring programmes was also identified. Links between air quality and other environmental issues have been identified at the national policy level, in particular the global issue of “climate change” is related to pollutant emissions. This document is printed on 100% recycled paper The Council has continued to work in partnership, particularly at the County level through the Air Quality Forum and sees this as a vital part of our approach to addressing air quality issues in the future. This report the “Updating and Screening Assessment” identifies changes from the first round of review and assessment and provides explanations of the conclusions reached. Updated traffic data has been incorporated along with information on the major industrial sources and domestic sources. This includes domestic coal burning in areas outside the completed smoke control programme i.e. in the rural areas such as Loggerheads, Bignall End, Audley, Madeley and Betley. Undertaking such a complex and detailed study is a particularly important exercise which has inevitably placed additional pressure on staff in the Environmental Health Division of Community Services and I would like to again place on record my thanks and appreciation for all their hard work in completing this latest Updating and Screening Assessment and compiling this document. Alan H Hudson Head of Community Services Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council Staffordshire This document is printed on 100% recycled paper CONTENTS Page Executive Summary 1 1. The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme 2 2. The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 5 3. Local Air Quality Assessment 8 4. Benzene 11 5. 1,3-butadiene 19 6. Carbon Monoxide 24 7. Lead 28 8. Nitrogen Dioxide 32 9. PM 10 44 10. Sulphur Dioxide 55 11. Conclusions 60 Appendix A – Air Quality Objectives 61 Appendix B – Part A and part B processes 62 Appendix C – Nitrogen dioxide monitoring results 68 Appendix D – Glossary of terms and abbreviations 71 This document is printed on 100% recycled paper EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Clean air is an essential ingredient of a good quality of life. People have a right to expect that the air they breathe will not harm them. In the past air pollution was obvious due to smoke belching from chimneys and frequent smogs. Thanks to the successful implementation of the Clean Air Acts such visible pollution is largely a thing of the past. However the concerns nowadays are the pollutants that can’t be seen. It is important therefore that a Review and Assessment is carried out and the result made available to the public so that they know that the air they are breathing is ‘clean’. Also that if it isn’t that plans are being drawn up and implemented to bring about the necessary improvements. This Upgrading and Screening Assessment carried out by Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council has been undertaken in accordance with the guidance set out in ‘Technical Guidance LAQM. TG(03)’ produced by DEFRA. This provides a checklist approach for each pollutant, laying out the steps to be taken in order to assess the various sources for the pollutants of concern and relevant public exposure. No risk of exceeding an air quality objective at any location with relevant public exposure has been identified. However in order to show that this will be the case in future years, actual monitoring of pollutant concentrations should continue. The results from which will be included in future annual Progress Reports. The Staffordshire Air Quality Forum has again proved beneficial in carrying out this process. It has facilitated the effective collection, collation and dissemination of information relating to air pollution issues. The Forum consists of representatives from the nine district councils, the County Council, the Environment Agency and the Highways Agency. 1 1. THE BOROUGH OF NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME The Borough is located in North Staffordshire and covers an area of 21,096 hectares (81 square miles), with a population of approximately 123,000. Newcastle’s strategic location at the important junction between the roads running north from London to Carlisle and west to Chester, (see map 1 overleaf) has ensured that transport has played a major part in its growth. In addition to these historical routes, modern trunk roads also pass through the Borough. These include the M6 which is currently one of the most heavily congested roads in the country. Also the A500 which is a major route linking many areas of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Stoke-on-Trent with junctions 15 and 16 of the M6. Both of these junctions are adjacent to the Borough boundary and thus contribute to the traffic congestion in the area. A number of main roads converge on the two main towns in the Borough, notably Newcastle-under-Lyme and Kidsgrove. The A34, A52, A525, A527, and the A53 pass through Newcastle and the A50, A5011 and A34 pass through Kidsgrove. Traffic on these roads is a significant source of air pollutants affecting the air quality in the Borough. The other main sources being industry and domestic properties. Particular industries with the greatest potential to cause air pollution have been prescribed for air pollution control under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Some processes are regulated by the Environment Agency (these are referred to as Part A processes), and others are regulated by local authorities (these are referred to as Part B processes). Within the Borough there are 2 Part A processes and 41 Part B processes currently authorised (with 3 more potential part B processes) currently being determined). These are all listed in Appendix B along with a table indicating whether they have the potential to emit significant quantities of the relevant pollutants. 2 Prior to the Environmental Protection Act 1990 the main legislative control of air pollution was through the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968. As a consequence of which local authorities were able to set up smoke control areas to restrict the types of fuel burned. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council started its smoke control programme in 1961 and this was completed in 1995. All the urban areas of the Borough are now covered by Smoke Control Orders and this has resulted in reduced concentrations of smoke and sulphur dioxide as compared with the first half of this century when ‘smogs’, i.e. the combination of fog with smoke and sulphur dioxide, were commonplace. Such smogs resulted in premature deaths and chronic respiratory illness. The introduction of the smoke control areas and the control of dark smoke emissions from industry have brought about a visible improvement in air quality in the Borough. However the pollutants of concern now are not easily seen and therefore it is not readily obvious if concentrations are increasing. Hence the need for the review and assessment of air quality which has just been undertaken. 3 4 2. THE AIR QUALITY STRATEGY FOR ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES AND NORTHERN IRELAND. This strategy published in January 2000 replaces the earlier National Air Quality Strategy published by the previous administration in March 1997. The original strategy fulfilled the requirement of the Environment Act 1995 for a national air quality strategy, setting out policies for the management of ambient (outdoor) air quality. The current Government endorsed this strategy in July 1997 and the objectives were included in Regulations for the purposes of local air quality management. At the same time, the Government announced an urgent review of the strategy in order to look at the prospects of delivering cleaner air more quickly. The review was wide-ranging, covering the legal framework, the scientific, economic and technical basis for decision-making on air quality policy and the case for changes to the scope and content of the strategy. The current strategy describes the Government’s plans for protecting and improving air quality in the UK in the medium term. Their intention is to protect public health and the environment without imposing unacceptable social or economic costs. The proposals are an essential part of the Government’s strategy for sustainable development. The original strategy set objectives for 2005 for the eight air pollutants which have the greatest impact on health.
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