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European Spatial Planning and Landscape, No ID 3885 Couv ATEP 81 A5 Bil 11/06/09 10:05 Page 1 Proceedings/Actes 81 o The contribution of Albania to the implementation of the European Landscape Convention The contribution of Albania to the implementation of the European The contribution of Albania to the implementation of the European Landscape Convention La contribution de l’Albanie à la mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne du paysage COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L'EUROPE The Council of Europe has 46 member states, covering virtually the entire continent of Europe. It seeks to develop common democratic and legal principles based on the European Convention on Human Rights and other reference texts on the protection La contribution de l’Albanie à la mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne du paysage de la Convention européenne La contribution de l’Albanie à la mise en œuvre of individuals. Ever since it was founded in 1949, in the aftermath of the Second Tirana (Albania), 15-16 December 2005 World War, the Council of Europe has symbolised reconciliation. spatial planning and landscape, No. 81 European et paysage, n européen Aménagement du territoire Tirana (Albanie), 15-16 décembre 2005 Le Conseil de l’Europe regroupe aujourd’hui 46 Etats membres, soit la quasi- totalité des pays du continent européen. Son objectif est de créer un espace démocratique et juridique commun, organisé autour de la Convention européenne des Droits de l’Homme et d’autres textes de référence sur la protection de l’indi- vidu. Créé en 1949, au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, le Conseil de l’Europe est le symbole historique de la réconciliation COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L'EUROPE The contribution of Albania to the implementation of the European Landscape Convention La contribution de l’Albanie à la mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne du paysage Tirana, Albania, 15-16 December 2005 Tirana, Albanie, 15-16 décembre 2005 proceedings/actes European spatial planning and landscape, No 81 Aménagement du territoire européen et paysage, n° 81 Council of Europe Publishing Seminar co-organised by the Spatial Planning and Landscape Division of the Council of Europe and the Republic of Albania with the support of the Medwet Coast Project. Séminaire coorganisé par la Division de l’Aménagement du Territoire et du Paysage du Conseil de l’Europe et la République d’Albanie avec le soutien du Projet Medwet Coast. Statements in their original language as presented at the Seminar. The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. Interventions dans leur langue originale telles que présentées lors du séminaire. Les vues exprimées dans cet ouvrage sont de la responsabilité des auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement la ligne officielle du Conseil de l’Europe. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior permission in writing from the Publishing Division, Communication Directorate (F-67075 Strasbourg or [email protected]). Tous droits réservés. Aucun extrait de cette publication ne peut être traduit, reproduit, enregistré ou transmis, sous quelque forme et par quelque moyen que ce soit – électronique (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.), mécanique, photocopie, enregistrement ou de toute autre manière – sans l’autorisation préalable écrite de la Division des éditions, Direction de la Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg ou [email protected]). Council of Europe Publishing F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex © Council of Europe, December 2006 Printed in Belgium Contents/Table des matières Page Opening speeches/Discours d’ouverture Lufter Xhuveli . 7 Enrico Buergi . 9 Roberta Alberotanza . 11 Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons . 13 FIRST SESSION/PREMIÈRE SESSION Albanian landscapes/Paysages albanais The landscape through the interdisciplinary contribution in Albania Romeo Hanxhari and Perikli Qiriazi . 17 The contribution of the Albanian cultural heritage to the landscape situation in Albania Vaso Tole . 21 The degradation of Albanian landscape: threats to the development of tourism in Albania Genc Metohu . 23 SECOND SESSION/DEUXIÈME SESSION Presentation of the European Landascape Convention/ Présentation de la Convention européenne du paysage The implementation of the European Landscape Convention Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons . 31 Les aspects juridiques de la Convention européenne du paysage Michel Prieur . 41 THIRD SESSION/TROISIEME SESSION European experiences/Expériences européennes Narta ecosystems – Landscape Protected Area Violeta Zuna . 51 Mise en œuvre des éléments-clés de la Convention européenne du paysage en Suisse : la Conception Paysage Suisse et la Stratégie Paysage 2020 Enrico Buergi . 55 European Landscape Convention/Convention européenne du paysage The experience of landscape policies in Belgium Mireille Deconinck . 63 L’expérience du Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges Anne Kleindienst . 73 Protected areas in Albania Genti Kromidha . 89 FOURTH SESSION/QUATRIEME SESSION The role for the civil society and professionals/ Le rôle de la société civile et des professionnels Living landscapes for local people Peter Howard . 97 Populations of hilly landscapes and ensuing environmental problems Perikli Qiriazi, Skender Sala . 101 Landscape architect education in Europe and aims of the European Landscape Convention Ingrid Sarlöv-Herlin . 105 FIFTH SESSION/CINQUIEME SESSION Futur challenges/Les défis du futur Conclusions: a vision for the future Thymio Papayannis . 114 Closing speech/Discours de clôture The European Landscape Convention – future steps/ La Convention européenne du paysage – Futures étapes Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons . 126 Programme . 133 List of participants/Liste des participants . 143 Opening speeches/ Discours d’ouverture 5 Opening speeches/Discours d'ouverture Lufter XHUVELI Minister of Environment, Forests and Water Administration Dear Ministers, Dear Ms Déjeant-Pons, Dear Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to address the works of this Seminar summoned by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Water Administration in collaboration with the Landscape Convention of the Council of Europe. Also, I would like to welcome all the participants and particularly the guests from the European countries. A special thank goes to the Council of Europe and the Landscape Convention Secretariat that together with staff of the Ministry has worked hard to organise this Conference. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Water Administration in the new Government has taken a new dimension in tackling with nature protection and urban planning issues and it is my political responsibility and scientific pleasure to open this Conference. During the proceedings of the Seminar, experts will try to bring best practices, experiences and discuss on how to manage landscapes. Although Albania is a small country, it offers large varieties of habitats and ecosystems due to the different landscape that it possesses. Our objective is to conserve, safeguard and improve our natural landscapes that represent not only esthetical an spiritual pleasure but also they are important potentialities for the tourist and economic development of the country. The landscape diversity in the country derives from natural characteristics as well as associated human activities. Traditional agriculture and stock farming have been developed mostly according to the natural characteristics of the country, being the major factors which determine the landscape inhabited with autochthonous species. A number of local autochtonous livestock and plant species have existed in Albania over years representing very important heritage values to be protected and improved. On the other side the urban landscape offers a diversity of ancient views and cultures from cities such as Berat and Gjirokastra, but also from modern ones like Tirana reflecting developments of the 15 years of a transitional economy. We recognise that during the transition period in developing countries, the impact of human activities if not controlled and planned can be detrimental and presents a threat to the landscape. In Albania, the major types of endangered ecosystems and habitats are not only coastal (sand dunes, river deltas, alluvial forests, lagoons and coastal lakes) and marine (medium and infralittoral level), but also inland ones – alpine pastures and meadows, lakes, broadleaf and coniferous forests. The tripling of the population in last 7 European Landscape Convention/Convention européenne du paysage 50 years has been followed by the progressive increase of human impacts on the country’s nature. These pressures are expected to increase in the future due to the relatively free and uncontrolled movement of the population from rural to urban areas. Urbanisation will mostly affect the coastal and littoral ecosystems, which are more ecologically fragile. Additionally other influencing factors have been: the lack of appropriate legislation, the lack of implementation of existing laws and regulations, and the actions of the responsible institutional structures. Meanwhile, individuals and the private sector are focusing on maximising earnings and short-term profits, so the combined effects have negative impacts on nature resources and landscape. Landscape certainly encompasses the physical attributes of the environment, but it is also a set of interlocking
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