Environment Science & Technology
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"ROLL CALL - PRELIMS 2020” IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS ON ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY E-BOOK XIII PRELIMS 2020 Follow us online: Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com "ROLL CALL - PRELIMS 2020” IMPORTANT Join our Aim Civils CURRENT AFFAIRS ON Telegram Channel ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE https://t.me/aimcivilservices & TECHNOLOGY TO ACCESS EVERYDAY CURRENT AFFAIRS IN THE PERSPECTIVE FOR PRELIMS 2020 OF PRELIMS AND MAINS. TO ACCESS REGULAR RESOURCE MATERIALS Join our ARAM IAS TownHall Telegram Group https://t.me/aramtownhall FOR FACULTY INTERACTION TO ATTEND DAY TO DAY QUIZ Contents Environment 1. RAMSAR CONVENTION - 10 NEW SITES 2. WETLANDS (CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2019 3. COP 13 ON CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES (CMS) 4. ISA ASSEMBLY 5. POLYCRACK TECHNOLOGY 6. ECOLOGICAL FLOW NOTIFICATION 7. LABORATORY OF CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES (LACONES) 8. GREEN CRACKERS 9. HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON (HCFC)-141 10. BIPCC REPORT ON OCEAN AND CRYOSPHERE Science And Technology 11. NOMENCLATURE OF LUNAR FEATURES 12. RAMANUJAN MACHINE 13. XENOBOTS, NEON, VYOMMITRA 14. GSAT - 30 AND GSLV-MK III - M1 / CHANDRAYAAN-2 MISSION 15. PERSEIDS METEOR SHOWER 16. VIKRAM SARABAI 17. GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX-2019 18. DEEP OCEAN MISSION 19. PEGASUS 20. INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE FESTIVAL (IISF) Covid Current Affairs 21. SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE 22. VANDE BHARAT MISSION 23. HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AND PRAFULLA CHANDRA RAY 24. CARUNA 25. EPIDEMIC DISEASE ACT, 1897 26. CONVALESCENT PLASMA THERAPY 27. HERD IMMUNITY 28. POOLED TESTING 29. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TEST 30. EXERCISE NCC YOGDAN Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com ENVIRONMENT 1. RAMSAR CONVENTION - 10 NEW SITES Why in news? The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) announced that 10 more wetlands from India have been added to the Ramsar list. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Ramsar list identiies wetlands around the world that are important for global biological diversity and sustaining human life, and provides guidance on their proper management. This initiative is governed by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, an intergovernmental treaty that provides a framework for the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation. It was oficially adopted in the 1970s in the Iranian town of Ramsar. New Ramsar sites of India The new Ramsar sites of India are in three states — Uttar Pradesh (Nawabganj, Parvati Agra, Saman, Samaspur, Sandi and Sarsai Nawar), Maharashtra (Nandur Madhameshwar) and Punjab (Keshopur-Miani, Beas Conservation Reserve and Nangal). This brings the total number of Ramsar sites in India to 37, with lakes such as the Chilika in Odisha and Kolleru in Andhra Pradesh, the Sundarbans area — which also happens to be located within one of the latest mangrove ecosystems in the world — and river sections like the Upper Ganga already in the list. Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com 2. WETLANDS (CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2019 Why in news? The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change notiied guidelines for implementing the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2019. The Rules constitute various bodies for the conservation of wetlands and deine their powers and functions As per the Wetlands Rules, the Wetlands Authority within a state is the nodal authority for all wetland-speciic authorities in a state/UT. Functions of the authority: Preparing a list of all wetlands in the state/UT and recommending wetlands for regulation under the Rules Developing a comprehensive list of activities to be regulated and permitted within the notiied wetlands, and Issuing necessary directions for the conservation and sustainable management of wetlands to the respective implementing agencies Prohibited activities : as per the guidelines following activities are prohibited on wetlands. These include: Setting up any industry and expansion of existing industries Dumping solid waste or discharge of untreated wastes and efluents from industries and any human settlements, and Encroachment or conversion for non-wetlands uses. Other Features The guidelines recommend the state/UT administration to prepare a Integrated Management Plan for the management of each notiied wetland. The plan refers to a document which: Describes strategies and actions for use of the wetland Gives monitoring requirements for detecting changes in the ecological character of the wetland, and Ensures compliance with regulatory frameworks and policy commitments Enforcing the rules: The Wetlands Authorities are responsible for ensuring the enforcement of the Wetlands Rules and other relevant acts, rules and regulations. Penalties: Undertaking any prohibited or regulated activities beyond the thresholds (deined by the state/UT administration) in the wetlands or its zone of inluence, will be deemed violations under the Wetlands Rules. Violation of the Rules will attract penalties as per the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com 3. COP 13 ON CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES (CMS) Why in news? The Thirteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS COP13) concluded in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The theme of CMS COP-13 is ‘Migratory species connect the planet and we welcome them home’. The mascot for CMS COP-13 is ‘Gibi – The Great Indian Bustard’. It is a critically endangered species (according to the IUCN) and has been accorded the highest protection status (listed in Schedule I) under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The CMS COP 13 logo is inspired by ‘Kolam’, a traditional art form from s outhern India. In the logo of CMS COP-13, Kolam art form is used to depict key migratory species in India like Amur falcon, humpback whale and marine turtles. The Indian sub-continent is also part of the major bird lyway network, i.e, the Central Asian Flyway (CAF) that covers areas between the Arctic and Indian Oceans, and covers at least 279 populations of 182 migratory waterbird species, including 29 globally threatened species. Ten new species were added to CMS Appendices at COP13. Seven species were added to Appendix I: Asian Elephant, Jaguar, Great Indian Bustard, Bengal Florican, Little Bustard, Antipodean Albatross and the Oceanic White-tip Shark. Three species were added to Appendix II: Urial, Smooth Hammerhead Shark and the Tope Shark. New and extended Concerted Actions with targeted conservation plans were agreed for 14 species. CMS COP13 also adopted the Gandhinagar Declaration, which calls for the concept of ‘ecological connectivity’ to be integrated and prioritized in the new Framework, which is expected to be adopted at the UN Biodiversity Conference in October. India, as COP13 host, will assume the role of COP Presidency for the next three years. India has been a Party to the CMS since 1983. The Conference of Parties (COP) is the decision-making organ of this convention. Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Migratory species are those animals that move from one habitat to another during different times of the year, due to various factors such as food, sunlight, temperature, climate, etc. The movement between habitats can sometimes exceed thousands of miles/kilometres for some migratory birds and mammals. A migratory route can involve nesting and also requires the availability of habitats before and after each migration. Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS) In order to protect the migratory species throughout their range countries, a Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), has been in force, under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme. Also referred to as the Bonn Convention, it provides a global platform for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats and brings together the States through which migratory animals pass, the Range States, and lays the legal foundation for internationally coordinated conservation measures throughout a migratory range. The convention complements and co-operates with a number of other international organizations, NGOs and partners in the media as well as in the corporate sector. Under this convention, migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on Appendix I and Parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Migratory species that need or would signiicantly beneit from international co- operation are listed in Appendix II of the Convention. India has also signed a non-legally binding MOU with CMS on the conservation and management of Siberian Cranes (1998), Marine Turtles (2007), Dugongs (2008) and Raptors (2016). Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com 4. ISA ASSEMBLY Why in news? The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is hosting the second Assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) on 30 and 31 October 2019 New Delhi. While on 30 October 2019, coordination and consultation meetings on different aspects of ISA programmes and initiatives will be held, the Assembly would meet on 31 October 2019. The Assembly is the supreme decision making