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If Free Will Did Not Exist, It Would Be Necessary to Invent It
Proofs of pp 265-272 in Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility Ed Greg Caruso Lexington books 2013 Chapter Fifteen If Free Will Did Not Exist, It Would Be Necessary to Invent It Susan Pockett [15.0] Back in the good (or depending on your point of view, the bad) old days, philosophy was a perilous profession. When Socrates was executed for corrupting the youth of Athens, or the Paris parliament decreed in 1624 that any person teaching a doctrine contrary to Aristotle would be put to death, people really took their philosophy seriously. Nowadays, an academic philosopher might well perceive that the worst potential consequence of espousing one idea over another could be denial of tenure. But in this, I think they would be selling their profession short. [15.1] Even in the age of junk food and reality TV, ideas matter. In fact, they arguably matter more than ever, because the internet spreads them more rapidly and effectively than ever and ordinary people have a greater capacity than ever before to act on them. Take democracy, for example—how much blood has been and still is being shed in the name of that idea? Or liberty, equality, fraternity—all are nothing more than ideas. One might argue that these are big ideas, with big ramifications. Although it would be perfectly possible to make good logical arguments against any of them, one wouldn’t want to do that, because if people were to take those arguments seriously and hence stop believing in the desirability or even the existence of liberty, equality and fraternity, the world would change for the worse. -
Historical Evidence from US Newspapers Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COMPETITION AND IDEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FROM US NEWSPAPERS Matthew Gentzkow Jesse M. Shapiro Michael Sinkinson Working Paper 18234 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18234 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 2012 We are grateful to Alan Bester, Ambarish Chandra, Tim Conley, Christian Hansen, Igal Hendel, Caroline Hoxby, Jon Levin, Kevin Murphy, Andrei Shleifer, E. Glen Weyl, and numerous seminar participants for advice and suggestions, and to our dedicated research assistants for important contributions to this project. This research was funded in part by the Initiative on Global Markets, the George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, the Centel Foundation/Robert P. Reuss Faculty Research Fund, the Neubauer Family Foundation and the Kathryn C. Gould Research Fund, all at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the National Science Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2012 by Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, and Michael Sinkinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. -
Understanding Development and Poverty Alleviation
14 OCTOBER 2019 Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines. BOX 50005 (LILLA FRESCATIVÄGEN 4 A), SE-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN TEL +46 8 673 95 00, [email protected] WWW.KVA.SE Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 Understanding Development and Poverty Alleviation The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel October 14, 2019 Despite massive progress in the past few decades, global poverty — in all its different dimensions — remains a broad and entrenched problem. For example, today, more than 700 million people subsist on extremely low incomes. Every year, five million children under five die of diseases that often could have been prevented or treated by a handful of proven interventions. Today, a large majority of children in low- and middle-income countries attend primary school, but many of them leave school lacking proficiency in reading, writing and mathematics. How to effectively reduce global poverty remains one of humankind’s most pressing questions. It is also one of the biggest questions facing the discipline of economics since its very inception. -
Performance on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation
Performance on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Phelps, Elizabeth A., Kevin J. O'Connor, William A. Cunningham, E. Sumie Funayama, J. Christopher Gatenby, John C. Gore, and Mahzarin R. Banaji. 2000. Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12(5): 729-738. Published Version doi:10.1162/089892900562552 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3512208 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Performance on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation Elizabeth A. Phelps New York University Kevin J. O'Connor Massachusetts Institute of Technology William A. Cunningham and E. Sumie Funayama Yale University J. Christopher Gatenby and John C. Gore Yale University Medical School Mahzarin R. Banaji Yale University Abstract & We used fMRI to explore the neural substrates involved in (Implicit Association Test [IAT] and potentiated startle), but the unconscious evaluation of Black and White social groups. not with the direct (conscious) expression of race attitudes. In Specifically, we focused on the amygdala, a subcortical Experiment 2, these patterns were not obtained when the structure known to play a role in emotional learning and stimulus faces belonged to familiar and positively regarded evaluation. In Experiment 1, White American subjects observed Black and White individuals. -
Philippe Aghion
CURRICULUM VITAE (last updated March 2018) Name: Philippe Aghion Address: College de France 3 rue d Ulm 75005 Paris France Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Date of Birth: August 17, 1956 Place of Birth: Paris, France Education: 1976-80 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Mathematics Section 1981 Diplome d’Etudes Approfondies d’Economie Mathématique, Université de Paris I 1983 Doctorat de 3éme cycle d’Economie Mathématique, Université de Paris I- Pantheon-Sorbonne 1987 Ph.D. Harvard University (Economics) Professional Experience: 1986-87 Sloan Foundation Dissertation Fellowship 1987-89 Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1989- Chargé de Recherches au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1990-1992 Deputy Chief Economist, EBRD (London) 1992-96 Official Fellow, Nuffield College (Oxford) 1992-2000 Research Co-ordinator, EBRD (London) 1996-2002 Professor of Economics, University College London (UCL) 2000-2002 Professor of Economics, Harvard University 2002- 2015 Robert C. Waggoner Professor of Economics, Harvard University 2015- Professor at College de France, Chair entitled “Institutions, Innovation, et Croissance” 2009-2015 Invited Professor, Institute of International Economic Studies, Stockholm 2015- Centennial Professor of Economics, London School of Economics 2018-2020 Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University Other Professional Positions or Appointments: 1991-97 Associate Editor, Review of Economic Studies 1992- Managing Editor, -
Preschool Television Viewing and Adolescent Test Scores: Historical Evidence from the Coleman Study
PRESCHOOL TELEVISION VIEWING AND ADOLESCENT TEST SCORES: HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE COLEMAN STUDY MATTHEW GENTZKOW AND JESSE M. SHAPIRO We use heterogeneity in the timing of television’s introduction to different local markets to identify the effect of preschool television exposure on standardized test scores during adolescence. Our preferred point estimate indicates that an additional year of preschool television exposure raises average adolescent test scores by about 0.02 standard deviations. We are able to reject negative effects larger than about 0.03 standard deviations per year of television exposure. For reading and general knowledge scores, the positive effects we find are marginally statistically significant, and these effects are largest for children from households where English is not the primary language, for children whose mothers have less than a high school education, and for nonwhite children. I. INTRODUCTION Television has attracted young viewers since broadcasting be- gan in the 1940s. Concerns about its effects on the cognitive devel- opment of young children emerged almost immediately and have been fueled by academic research showing a negative association between early-childhood television viewing and later academic achievement.1 These findings have contributed to a belief among the vast majority of pediatricians that television has “negative effects on brain development” of children below age five (Gentile et al. 2004). They have also provided partial motivation for re- cent recommendations that preschool children’s television view- ing time be severely restricted (American Academy of Pediatrics 2001). According to a widely cited report on media use by young * We are grateful to Dominic Brewer, John Collins, Ronald Ehrenberg, Eric Hanushek, and Mary Morris (at ICPSR) for assistance with Coleman study data, and to Christopher Berry for supplying data on school quality. -
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TEXT AS DATA Matthew Gentzkow
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TEXT AS DATA Matthew Gentzkow Bryan T. Kelly Matt Taddy Working Paper 23276 http://www.nber.org/papers/w23276 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2017 The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. At least one co-author has disclosed a financial relationship of potential relevance for this research. Further information is available online at http://www.nber.org/papers/w23276.ack NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2017 by Matthew Gentzkow, Bryan T. Kelly, and Matt Taddy. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Text as Data Matthew Gentzkow, Bryan T. Kelly, and Matt Taddy NBER Working Paper No. 23276 March 2017 JEL No. C1 ABSTRACT An ever increasing share of human interaction, communication, and culture is recorded as digital text. We provide an introduction to the use of text as an input to economic research. We discuss the features that make text different from other forms of data, offer a practical overview of relevant statistical methods, and survey a variety of applications. Matthew Gentzkow Matt Taddy Department of Economics Microsoft Research New England Stanford University 1 Memorial Drive 579 Serra Mall Cambridge MA 02142 Stanford, CA 94305 and University of Chicago Booth School of Business and NBER [email protected] [email protected] Bryan T. -
Tessa Charlesworth
TESSA CHARLESWORTH 72 Dimick St | Somerville, MA 02143 347 302 5900 | [email protected] EDUCATION Degree Programs Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA A.M., May 2018 Ph.D., Expected May 2021 Advisor: Mahzarin Banaji Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth Spelke, Patrick Mair Research Focus: Attitude and stereotype change, implicit social cognition, social cognitive development, quantitative methods Columbia University, Columbia College, New York, NY Bachelor of Arts, Psychology, May 2016 Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa University of Cambridge, Newnham College, Cambridge, UK Columbia-Oxbridge Scholars Program: Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, October 2014 – June 2015 Non-Degree Programs Harvard University, Computational Social Cognition Bootcamp, Cambridge, MA, Summer, 2017 HONORS AND AWARDS Harvard Horizons Scholar, Harvard University 2020 Presidential Scholar, Harvard University 2016 – Present Bok Center Certificate for Excellence in Teaching, Harvard University 2018 – 2019 John Jay Scholar, Columbia Undergraduate Scholars Program 2012 – 2016 Sarah Davis Named Scholar, Columbia University 2012 – 2016 Dean’s List, Columbia University 2012 – 2016 Anne Jemima Clough Award, Newnham College, University of Cambridge 2015 First Class Honours, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge 2015 GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS Dean’s Competitive Fund for Promising Scholarship ($48,432) (awarded to M. R. Banaji) 2017 Restricted Funds, Department of Psychology, Harvard University ($500) 2017 Graduate Travel Award, Society for Personality and Social Psychology ($500) 2017 Stimson Fund, Department of Psychology, Harvard University ($1,000) 2016 Presidential Scholar, Harvard University ($38,000) 2016 Work Exemption Program Research Grant, Columbia University ($19,000) 2013 – 2016 Alumni and Parent Internship Fund, Columbia University ($4,000) 2015 John Jay Summer Research Fellowship, Columbia University ($7,500) 2013, 2014 PUBLICATIONS Charlesworth, T. -
Introductions
INTRODUCTIONS Get to know the people around you! RAISE YOUR HAND IF… • you are a faculty member • you are a staff member • you are a graduate student • you are an undergraduate student INTRODUCTIONS Get to know the people around you, again! IMPLICIT BIAS DIRECTO Spring Symposium Eve Humphrey Background • PhD Candidate- Ecology and Evolution • Society for the Study of Evolution Diversity Committee • 2018 Chair -Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science, Ecology and Evolution Symposium • Mentor- Florida Georgia Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (3 years) • Speaker/Panelist –Central Florida Minority Stem Alliance (2 years) • Implicit Bias Training- Ecology and Evolution Research Discussion Group This is NOT This IS • A kumbaya session • A place to be real and honest • A checklist of do’s and don’ts • A place to respect people’s perspectives • A time to suck in knowledge and not participate • A time to fully engage • An excuse to think/prove you do not • A place to acknowledge our biases and have biases get comfortable listening to others • A place to learn how to move forward Goals 1. Highlight the way our perception influences our teaching, research and student interactions 2. Facilitate open/safe discussion of people’s perspectives and experiences 3. Provide information that will maximize awareness of our biases and improve our practices as learners, educators and administrators in higher education. Read these 16 words, you will be expected to recognize them again. • Ant • Bee • Spider • Wing • Feelers • Bug • Web • Small • Fly • Bite • Poison • Fright • Slimy • Wasp • Crawl • Creepy Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. -
Matthew Gentzkow, Winner of the 2014 Clark Medal
Matthew Gentzkow, Winner of the 2014 Clark Medal The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Shleifer, Andrei. 2015. “Matthew Gentzkow, Winner of the 2014 Clark Medal.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (1): 181–92. https:// doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.1.181. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41555813 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 29, Number 1—Winter 2015—Pages 181–192 Matthew Gentzkow, Winner of the 2014 Clark Medal Andrei Shleifer he 2014 John Bates Clark Medal of the American Economic Association was awarded to Matthew Gentzkow of the University of Chicago Booth School T of Business. The citation recognized Matt’s “fundamental contributions to our understanding of the economic forces driving the creation of media products, the changing nature and role of media in the digital environment, and the effect of media on education and civic engagement.” In addition to his work on the media, Matt has made a number of significant contributions to empirical industrial organi- zation more broadly, as well as to applied economic theory. In this essay, I highlight some of these contributions, which are listed on Table 1. I will be referring to these papers by their number on this list. -
Escaping the Climate Trap? Values, Technologies, and Politics∗
Escaping the Climate Trap? Values, Technologies, and Politics Tim Besleyyand Torsten Perssonz November 2020 Abstract It is widely acknowledged that reducing the emissions of green- house gases is almost impossible without radical changes in consump- tion and production patterns. This paper examines the interdependent roles of changing environmental values, changing technologies, and the politics of environmental policy, in creating sustainable societal change. Complementarities that emerge naturally in our framework may generate a “climate trap,”where society does not transit towards lifestyles and technologies that are more friendly to the environment. We discuss a variety of forces that make the climate trap more or less avoidable, including lobbying by firms, private politics, motivated scientists, and (endogenous) subsidies to green innovation. We are grateful for perceptive comments by Philippe Aghion, David Baron, Xavier Jaravel, Bård Harstad, Elhanan Helpman, Gilat Levy, Linus Mattauch, and Jean Tirole, as well as participants in a Tsinghua University seminar, and LSE and Hong Kong University webinars. We also thank Azhar Hussain for research assistance. Financial support from the ERC and the Swedish Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. yLSE, [email protected]. zIIES, Stockholm University, [email protected] 1 1 Introduction What will it take to bring about the fourth industrial revolution that may be needed to save the planet? Such a revolution would require major structural changes in production as well as consumption patterns. Firms would have to invest on a large scale in technologies that generate lower greenhouse gas emissions, and households would have to consume goods that produce lower emissions. Already these observations suggest that the required transformation can be reinforced by a key complementarity, akin to the one associated with so- called platform technologies (Rochet and Tirole 2003). -
Anthony G. Greenwald Brief Biographical Statements ~ 50 Words
Anthony G. Greenwald Brief biographical statements ~ 50 words Greenwald provoked modern attention to the psychological self with his 1980 article, “The Totalitarian Ego”. His 1990s methods made unconscious cognition and subliminal perception orderly research topics. His 1995 invention, the Implicit Association Test, enabled observation of unconscious attitudes (including one’s own) and has revamped understanding of stereotyping and prejudice. ~ 150 words Anthony G. Greenwald is Professor of Psychology at University of Washington (1986-present) and was previously at Ohio State University (1965-86). Greenwald received his BA from Yale (1959) and PhD from Harvard (1963). He has published over 180 scholarly articles and has served on editorial boards of 13 psychological journals. In addition to election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007, he has received four major research career awards — the Donald T. Campbell Award from the Society of Personality and Social Psychology (1995), the Distinguished Scientist Award from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology (2006), the William James Fellow Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association for Psychological Science (2013), and the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award from the American Psychological Association (jointly with Mahzarin Banaji, 2017). In 1995 Greenwald invented the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which rapidly became a standard for assessing individual differences in implicit social cognition. The IAT method has provided the basis for three patent applications and multiple applications in clinical psychology, education, marketing, and diversity management. ~ 200 words Anthony G. Greenwald was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007. He is presently Professor of Psychology at University of Washington (1986-present) and was previously at Ohio State University (1965-86).