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Downward Accountability of World Vision Ghana in Saboba District

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Downward Accountability of World Vision Ghana in Saboba District University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DOWNWARD ACCOUNTABILITY OF WORLD VISION GHANA IN SABOBA DISTRICT BY ZECHARIAH LANGNEL (10281364) THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. JULY, 2015 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I do hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own research undertaken under supervision and has not been submitted in part or in full to this institution or any other institution for academic award. All citations and quotations have all been identified and acknowledged. I bear sole responsibility for any shortcomings. ………………………. ………..……………. ZECHARIAH LANGNEL DATE i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this thesis was supervised in accordance with the laid down rules and procedures as required by the University of Ghana. ………………………………… …………… JUSTICE NYIGMAH BAWOL (PhD) DATE (SUPERVISOR). ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION This phenomenal work is dedicated to the entire Langnel‟s family whose greatest desire is to see me achieved greater academic laurels. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am extremely grateful to God whose grace has sustained me throughout my master‟s programme. I am particularly appreciative to my supervisor, Dr. Justice Nyigmah Bawole (HOD, Public Administration and Health Services Management) whose strict supervision, pieces of advice and financial support has brought me this far. May the good Lord bless you and strengthen you in your quest to nurturing others. I salute you “prof”. My next appreciation goes to all faculty members and administrative staff of the Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management. This work would not have seen the light of the day without the candid opinions of my respondents and all those who assisted me in diverse ways. I would like to express special thanks to World Vision Ghana for allowing me to use their satellite office in Saboba for the investigation. I want to particularly mention Mr. Thomas, Mrs. Cynthia Tonkodor, and Mr. Twum-Barimah Frank (Staffs of World Vision Ghana, Saboba) whose views have enriched my work. Also, thanks to Mr. Samuel Gmalu (Staff of World Vision Ghana, Regional Office), Mr. David Nsila (Teacher at Saboba Technical School), Mr. Gershon Nagbija (Former CHRAJ Director, Saboba District), and Mr. Barnabas Biyam (NCCE Director, Kpandai District) who through their effort I was able to speak to the official respondents. Moreover, my sincere thanks to the respondents in the five beneficiary communities for their cooperation during data collection. I am equally grateful to my course mates for their encouragement and support. I am particularly thankful to Ms Mabel Mensah whose constructive criticisms has brought me this far. iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh My final thanks go to my family especially Langnel Ndabiche whose financial commitment made this work to see the light of the day. May God richly bless you bro. v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................... i CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... xii LIST OF BOX ...................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................... xiv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ xvii CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the research problem ................................................................................. 5 1.3 General objective ........................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Significance of the study ................................................................................................ 8 1.7 Limitation of the study ................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Organization of the study ............................................................................................... 9 vi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................... 10 LIERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 10 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 10 2.1 The concept of accountability ...................................................................................... 10 2.2 Exploring NGO accountability .................................................................................... 11 2.3 The global trend in NGO accountability ...................................................................... 12 2.4 Mechanisms for NGOS‟ accountability ....................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Participation and beneficiary involvement ............................................................ 14 2.4.2 Disclosure statements and reports ......................................................................... 14 2.4.3 Performance assessment and evaluation ............................................................... 14 2.4.4 Social auditing ....................................................................................................... 15 2.4.5 Self-regulation ....................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Beneficiary/ Downward Accountability (DA) of NGOs ............................................. 15 2.6 Downward Accountability and project effectiveness and efficiency........................... 16 2.7 Strategies for NGOS‟ accountability to beneficiaries .................................................. 18 2.7.1 Participatory accountability at project planning or decision making stage ........... 18 2.7.2 Participatory accountability at project implementation stage ............................... 21 2.7.3 Participatory accountability at the project evaluation stage .................................. 22 2.8 Obstacles to NGO accountability to beneficiaries ....................................................... 24 2.9 Theoretical review ........................................................................................................ 25 2.9.1 Arnstein‟s (1969) ladder of citizen‟s participation ................................................ 26 2.9.2 Vernooy (2005) framework of participation ......................................................... 28 2.9.3 White‟s (1996) typology of participation .............................................................. 29 2.10 Conceptual framework ............................................................................................... 30 2.10.1 Operationalization of the framework .................................................................. 31 vii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................... 34 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 34 3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 34 3.1 Research Paradigm ....................................................................................................... 34 3.2 Research Approach ...................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Research Design ........................................................................................................... 36 3.4 The study area profile .................................................................................................
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