DOCSLIB.ORG

Customary Land Tenure Systems and Gendered Land Rights in Ghana's Northern Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Customary Land Tenure Systems and Gendered Land Rights in Ghana's Northern Region CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE SYSTEMS AND GENDERED LAND RIGHTS IN GHANA’S NORTHERN REGION RESULTS FROM PHASE II GENDER EQUITY AND LAND TENURE FOCUS GROUPS Gina Rico Mendez, PhD(*) Kathleen Ragsdale, PhD (**) Kelly Lower (**) Mary Read-Wahidi, PhD (**) (*) Democracy International (Colombia Office) & Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University (United States of America) (**)Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University 20th Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty Ξ Washington DC Ξ March 26, 2019 Feed the Future Soybean Innovation Lab (SIL) is managed by the University of Illinois through support from USAID (Award No. AID-OAA-L-14-00001; P. Goldsmith, PI) and provides support to SIL’s Socioeconomic and Gender Equity Research Photo: Kelly Lower team at Mississippi State University (Grant No. 2013-04026-07; K. Ragsdale, PI). Photo: G. Rico Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/cia-maps-publications/map-downloads/ghana_admin.jpg/image.jpg Households Cultivating Soy in Ghana’s Northern Region Source: Ghana Statistical Service. 2010 Population and Housing Census. Cartography by the Center for Applied Resource and Environmental Systems. January 2014. Ghana’s Northern Region . 74% of adults engage in agricultural production – primarily as small-scale farmers1 . 22% poverty rate2 . 31% moderate-to-severe hunger rate2 . 39% stunting rate among children 0-59 months2 Theory . Ostrom’s new-institutional economics 3-5 . Incentives: Ex. Potential explanation of low investment in rural infrastructure maintenance . Hierarchical governance structures create adverse investment incentives6 . Disincentives: Can reduce opportunities for economic and political development6 Customary Land Tenure . Insecure property rights for women . Customary systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) frequently prevent women from inheriting land7 . Differences between Access and Control . Access to land: 8 . “Right to enter upon and use land” . Control over land: 8 . Ability to make decisions in regards to land . Ability to transfer land titles8 Changes in Regulatory Frameworks . Evolution of customary land tenure systems towards individualized rights9-16 . International demand for certain commodities . Push to change the land tenure legal framework as 10-11 means to respond market demands . Effects over food security . Focus on commodity production at the expense of 10-11 food crops Ghana’s Land Tenure System I . Legal framework: plural land tenure system . Predominant form: customary land tenure 18 . ~80% of land own by traditional communities . Women farmers have secondary access and little control over land8, 18 Ghana’s Land Tenure System II Ghana8 Northern % Region19 Land ownership % Owned by men 83.1 94.8 Owned by women 9.8 5.2 Jointly owned 3.5 <1 Methods . Gender Equity & Land Tenure Focus Groups – Phase II . Goal: explore gender inequality in customary land tenure systems . Eight focus groups among separate groups of men and women soybean farmers in Northern Ghana (N=101) . Recordings and notes analyzed by lead author Photo:PhotoPhoto: byK.: KellyRagsdale K. Ragsdale Lower Results. Access to land: Gender differences “Acquiring the first plot” . Men do not purchase land, they inherit it . Women get land through their husbands exclusively, except in one community . If the husband does not have land available, he has to look for land for the wife/wives Photo Photo:by: Kelly K. Ragsdale Lower “The tradition is that, when you marry as a new wife, the husband will organize his brothers, and go and get a piece of land and plow. This is the land for the wife to farm now. The next year, you will have to plow on your own.” (Female, Saboba District) “The women go and beg their husband for land to farm.” (Female, Chereponi District) “The husband has to give her land. If he does not have enough, he will have to go to someone to get land for her to farm.” (Male, Saboba District) Results. Access to land: Factors affecting access for women . Birthplace. Women usually lose their right to access to land if they marry outside their community . Marital Connections. Men will always provide land for women to farm . Age. Elder women get her husband’s land, however, her children are responsible for farming Photo: Kelly Lower Photo:Photo:Photo: K. K.Ragsdale K. Ragsdale Ragsdale “If you marry from outside, to this village, your home village does not help you have land here.” (Female, Saboba District) “You need a man to farm. The family you marry into has some authority, the authority to keep the land to farm, and to give some to you to farm and take care of your children.” (Female, Chereponi District) “Some men here have three or four wives, some have one. The number of wives married to a man does not have any influence on his ability to access farmland.” (Female, Chereponi District) Photo:Photo: G. RicoPhoto: K. Mendez Ragsdale K. Ragsdale-GELT -I Results. Secured Land Rights? . Participants from 3 out of the 4 communities assert they have secured land rights. However… . Men in Tolon indicate, women do not have security of tenure . Both, men and women participants from Chereponi indicate that men has secured land rights but women do not Photo:Photo: K. RagsdalePhoto: K. Ragsdale K. -Ragsdale GELT-I Regarding women´s land rights: “It is only to use the land for farming. Any other thing, you have no right to..” (Female, Saboba District) “The women do not have secure rights to the land they farm. Because the land belongs to the husband. She doesn’t have any say.” (Male, Tolon District) “When she’s going to marry, the husband will provide her land, and the land here in her birth village will no longer be hers to farm..” (Female, Karaga District) Results: Control over Land . Women farmers can control land, only if they farm continuously . They cannot let the farm fallow . Men keep the control over farm land use . What to grow . Purchasing seeds and other farm inputs . Land transactions . Bargaining power Photo: G. Rico Mendez – GELT-1 Photo:Photo: K. Ragsdale K. Ragsdale In the same village: “They [women] have the rights to access the land, to manage the land, to control the income from the land. They have full control over the land and the proceeds as well.” (Female, Karaga District) Later they assert: “They all have secure rights to the land. If you no longer farm, they will take the land to farm (the children)” (Female, Karaga District) The ladies also have secure rights to their land. Because the husband controls the land and he gives her land to farm. So nobody can take the land. (Male, Karaga District) Results: Gendered Farming Challenges . Women farmers have less access to: . Agricultural knowledge, technical trainings . Agricultural inputs . Cash income . Fertile land . Childcare and household duties: complicate their farming activities . Such challenges impact women farmers’ agricultural productivity Photo: G. Rico Mendez Results: Soybean Farming Challenges . Men and women farmers’ challenges include: . Inoculant: difficult to access . Planting: difficult to sow in rows . Harvesting: gloves are needed . Threshing: lack of mechanical threshers . Hand threshing is labor intensive . Can damage soybean seeds, introduce debris Photo: G. Rico Mendez “Soy crops can be profitable and the yield is good” (Female, Tolon District) “If the land is fertile, once you plowed it you can get really good yield. If the land is not fertile, then it comes the challenge. ” (Female, Saboba District) “And if you cannot get the inoculum, it can be even harder, you are not harvesting enough. ” (Female, Saboba District) “Harvesting is more difficult, especially with children. ” (Female, Tolon District) Photo:Photo: K. Ragsdale USAID Conclusion I . Customary land tenure systems impact women’s decision making around land use (Access and control) . Land tenure insecurity may inhibit women farmers’: . Economic incentive to invest in their plots . Ability to secure loans for inputs or other economic development activities . Capacity to decide what to farm Conclusion II . Lack of gendered perspective in regulatory frameworks for land tenure can perpetuate women’s exclusion from equitable land rights . Women farmers have less incentive to invest in their plots when land can be taken without recourse . Polygamy remains a significant cultural aspect that impact women’s land tenure security REFERENCES 1. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). 2013. 2010 population and housing census: regional analytical report—Northern Region (June, 2013). http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/2010_PHC_Regional_Analytical_Reports_Northern_Region.pdf 2. Zereyesus YA, Ross KL, Amanor-Boadu V, Dalton TJ. 2014. Baseline Feed the Future Indicators for Northern Ghana 2012. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaed041.pdf 3. Ostrom E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press. 4. Ostrom E. 2000. Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, (3), 137. 5. Ostrom E. 2007. Institutional Rational Choice. In Theories of the Policy Process (pp. 21–63). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 6. Ostrom E, Schroeder L., Wynne S. 1993. Institutional incentives and sustainable development: infrastructure policies in perspective. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 7. Cooper, E., & Bird, K. (2012). Inheritance: A Gendered and Intergenerational Dimension of Poverty. Development Policy Review, 30(5), 527–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 7679.2012.00587.x 8. Duncan BA, Brants C. 2004. Access to and control over land from a gender perspective: A study conducted in the Volta region of Ghana. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 9. Deere CD, Oduro AD, Swaminathan H, Doss C. 2013. Property rights and the gender distribution of wealth in Ecuador, Ghana and India. Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-013-9241-z 10. Otsuka K, Suyanto S, Tomich TP. 1997. Does land tenure insecurity discourage tree planting? Evolution of customary land tenure and agroforestry management in Sumatra (EPTD Discussion Paper).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ghana Thresher Training Report.Pdf
    FtF-USAID AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROJECT SIL-ADVANCE-ATT SOYBEAN THRESHER DESIGN AND FABRICATION TRAINING REPORT OF WORK COMPLETED; August 25, 2016 Kerry Clark, Soybean Innovation Lab; [email protected] 209 Mumford Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; 1-660-351-4696 http://soybeaninnovationlab.illinois.edu/ The objective of this workshop was to teach business development and design and fabrication of crop threshers appropriate for smallholder use and financial means to 12 community-oriented blacksmiths from Upper West, Upper East and Northern Ghana (three from each region plus three from Tamale Implement Factory). The rationale for the training was that locally fabricated threshers can be produced more inexpensively than imports and local fabrication expertise will provide a knowledgeable work force for thresher maintenance and repair. There is currently very little local production of timesaving equipment such as threshers in Ghana. More widespread availability and lower costs will allow more smallholder farmers to access thresher technology, reducing workload and harvest drudgery, and allowing for easier scale-up of production agriculture. Details of the training are listed in following sections, but I first want to communicate the essence of the training. I believe that this was one of the best workshops that I have ever participated in during my 27 year career working in agriculture. The trainers were excellent and hit on incredibly important topics, the venue was well suited for the event, and the participants were extremely receptive and appreciative of the lessons. I believe that the subject matter was incredibly appropriate and the timing of the training was essential for the blossoming of a new industry in Ghana at a time when the country is poised for new technology that can lead to increased production and improved agricultural sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • R4D) Platform Facilitation and Climate Change Sensitization in Africa RISING Ghana Sites Naaminong Karbo
    Research for Development (R4D) platform facilitation and climate change sensitization in Africa RISING Ghana sites Naaminong Karbo Produced by CSIR, Ghana Published by International Institute of Tropical Agriculture January 2017 www.africa-rising.net The Africa Research In Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) program comprises three research-for-development projects supported by the United States Agency for International Development as part of the U.S. government’s Feed the Future initiative. Through action research and development partnerships, Africa RISING will create opportunities for smallholder farm households to move out of hunger and poverty through sustainably intensified farming systems that improve food, nutrition, and income security, particularly for women and children, and conserve or enhance the natural resource base. The three regional projects are led by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (in West Africa and East and Southern Africa) and the International Livestock Research Institute (in the Ethiopian Highlands). The International Food Policy Research Institute leads the program’s monitoring, evaluation, and impact assessment. http://africa-rising.net/ This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. This document was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as part of the US Government’s Feed the Future Initiative. The contents are
    [Show full text]
  • RESILIENCY in NORTHERN GHANA (RING) QUARTERLY REPORT FY 2018 (October 1, 2017 – December 31, 2017) Contract No
    January 30, 2018 Revised April 6, 2018 GenGene RESILIENCY IN NORTHERN GHANA (RING) QUARTERLY REPORT FY 2018 (October 1, 2017 – December 31, 2017) Contract No. AID-641-C-14-00002 January 30, 2018 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Global Communities. January 30, 2018 Revised April 6, 2018 USAID RESILIENCY IN NORTHERN GHANA (RING) QUARTERLY REPORT FY 2018 Q1 (October 1, 2017 – December 31, 2017) DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. January 30, 2018 Revised April 6, 2018 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2. Administration and Finance .................................................................................................. 9 Grants and Contracts................................................................................................... 9 Human Resources ....................................................................................................... 9 3. Regional Partner Coordination and Support ........................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Trends of Poverty, Economic Structure, Human Capital, Infrastructure and Environmental Degradation
    Spatial analysis of poverty: Combining geospatial data and survey data to Public Disclosure Authorized study regional inequality in Ghana Tomomi Tanaka (World Bank) Jia Jun Lee (World Bank) Abstract This study combines district level poverty rates, population census data, income data, and Public Disclosure Authorized geospatial data to investigate how human capital, structural change, infrastructure, and environmental degradation impacted poverty and employment in Ghana. We find that poverty reduction was primarily achieved through increased share of working age population, employment rates and income in the service sector, shift of labor from agriculture to the service sector, expansion of access to electricity, and increased rainfall. Further, the paper investigates the factors that have affected changes in agricultural income and shift of labor from agriculture to industry and services. Soil erosion had a large impact on the changes in agricultural income. Improved access to electricity, road, and market was crucial for creating jobs in non-agricultural sectors. In areas where droughts are severe, more people became engaged in agriculture and less in industry and services. It may be because severe droughts prevent people from investing in non-agricultural sectors. The results of this study suggest that for Ghana to reduce poverty and Public Disclosure Authorized create jobs in non-agricultural sectors in lagging areas, it needs to invest in infrastructure, and take actions to mitigate damages from soil degradation and droughts. Public Disclosure Authorized 1 1. Introduction Ghana has achieved significant poverty reduction since the 1990s and accomplished the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of reducing the poverty rate by more than half.
    [Show full text]
  • The Composite Budget of the Saboba District Assembly for the 2014 Fiscal
    CEN REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE COMPOSITE BUDGET OF THE SABOBA DISTRICT ASSEMBLY FOR THE 2014 FISCAL YEAR Contents INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 3 VISION.......................................................................................................... 3 MISSION ....................................................................................................... 4 PROFILE SABOBA DISTRICT ASSEMBLY ................................................... 4 Location and Land Size .............................................................................................. 4 Location of Saboba District from National Map ............................................................. 5 Yendi Saboba trunk road ........................................................................................... 5 The Local Economy ................................................................................................... 6 Industrial Crops ........................................................................................................ 7 Export Crops ............................................................................................................ 7 Livestock and Poultry ................................................................................................ 7 Fishing ..................................................................................................................... 8 Agro-based Industries ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Establishing the Future Potential for the Use of Mud Silos by the Smallholder Farmers: an Assessment of Mud Silos Promotion in the Northern Region of Ghana
    Establishing the future potential for the use of mud silos by the smallholder farmers: an assessment of mud silos promotion in the Northern Region of Ghana. Bediako J.A., Nkegbe P. and Iddrisu A. December 2004 University of Development Studies PO Box 1350 Tamale, Northern Region Ghana This report is an output of a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. R8265 Crop Post Harvest Research Programme. Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background.................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the study................................................................... 2 1.3 Target respondents......................................................................... 2 1.4 Time frame..................................................................................... 3 1.5 The study area................................................................................ 3 1.6 Climate and vegetation of the study area....................................... 4 1.7 Theory of small farmer production systems .................................. 4 Chapter 2 Research methodology................................................................. 6 2.1 Introduction.................................................................................... 6 2.2 Selection of survey districts..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Downward Accountability of World Vision Ghana in Saboba District
    University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DOWNWARD ACCOUNTABILITY OF WORLD VISION GHANA IN SABOBA DISTRICT BY ZECHARIAH LANGNEL (10281364) THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. JULY, 2015 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I do hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own research undertaken under supervision and has not been submitted in part or in full to this institution or any other institution for academic award. All citations and quotations have all been identified and acknowledged. I bear sole responsibility for any shortcomings. ………………………. ………..……………. ZECHARIAH LANGNEL DATE i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this thesis was supervised in accordance with the laid down rules and procedures as required by the University of Ghana. ………………………………… …………… JUSTICE NYIGMAH BAWOL (PhD) DATE (SUPERVISOR). ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION This phenomenal work is dedicated to the entire Langnel‟s family whose greatest desire is to see me achieved greater academic laurels. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am extremely grateful to God whose grace has sustained me throughout my master‟s programme. I am particularly appreciative to my supervisor, Dr. Justice Nyigmah Bawole (HOD, Public Administration and Health Services Management) whose strict supervision, pieces of advice and financial support has brought me this far. May the good Lord bless you and strengthen you in your quest to nurturing others.
    [Show full text]
  • Sagnarigu District
    SAGNARIGU DISTRICT Copyright (c) 2014 Ghana Statistical Service ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No meaningful developmental activity can be undertaken without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, in addition to its socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. A population census is the most important source of data on the size, composition, growth and distribution of a country’s population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of national resources and government services, including the allocation of government funds among various regions, districts and other sub-national populations to education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users, especially the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies, with district-level analytical reports based on the 2010 PHC data to facilitate their planning and decision-making. The District Analytical Report for the Sagnarigu District is one of the 216 district census reports aimed at making data available to planners and decision makers at the district level. In addition to presenting the district profile, the report discusses the social and economic dimensions of demographic variables and their implications for policy formulation, planning and interventions. The conclusions and recommendations drawn from the district report are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence- based decision-making, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chereponi Is Located in the North-East Region of Ghana Issue: Ethnic Armed Violence Date: March, 2019
    NEWS SITUATION TRACKING - GHANA ETHNIC CLASHES IN CHEREPONI Location: Chereponi is located in the North-East Region of Ghana Issue: Ethnic Armed Violence Date: March, 2019 Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saboba_Chereponi COMMUNITY PROFILING CRITICAL INCIDENT PROFILING STAKEHOLDERS Population: The population of the Direct Actors: On 15th March 2019, a man known as Fahad Jababu Sulley (a district, according to the 2010 • The Komkombas and Chokosi, also Anufo by tribe) alleged to have crossed over to Population and Housing Census, is • The Anufors (Chokosis) Ghana from Togo, was shot and injured while sitting on a 55,932 of which 49.9% are males and motorbike outside of a home and in a group at Nawieku in the 50.4% are females, representing Affected Persons: Chereponi District of the newly created North-East Region. 2.3% of the Northern region’s total • About 2600 people have Security was beefed up in the area. population of 2,479,461 been affected so far, particularly women and However, on 16th March, 2019, the Konkombas allegedly Basic Demography and Geography children. attacked some Chokosis at Kornu, Nansoni, and Kpenchi. It has of Hotspots: • Affected communities been alleged that the Chokosis repelled the assailants and also Chereponi shares boundaries with the include Naaduuni, burnt some houses belonging to the Konkombas at Kpenchi, following Districts; Gushegu Achima, Tiakasu, Nabul and Ngbangbanu. On the same day, the Konkombas Municipal to the west; Bunkpurugu Kunkpende, Naaburubu, mounted road blocks on the Cherepone-Yendi road, sieved out Nyankpanduri District to the north, Kunajiiku, Sedorti, four Chokosis on a bus and manhandled them.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Region
    NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Quality of Service (QoS) Monitoring of Cellular Mobile Voice Services‐ Northern Region [February 2016] [Communications for Development] QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) MONITORING OF CELLULAR MOBILE VOICE SERVICES IN NORTHERN REGION, FEBRUARY 2016 Table of Contents 1. Background 2 2. What we measure 2 3. Findings 3-9 4. Remedies 9 5. Coverage and Speech Maps 10-53 Page 1 of 53 QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) MONITORING OF CELLULAR MOBILE VOICE SERVICES IN NORTHERN REGION, FEBRUARY 2016 Background In pursuance of Annexure D1 and D2 of the Cellular Mobile Licence of Telecommunication Operators, the user perspective of the quality of voice services are tested to ensure the compliance of Operators to the obligations on service quality to the user. The report is based on findings on quality of service in Northern Region from 10th February to 4th March 2016 for all Operators except for Expresso due to technical challenges. The voice service of Expresso is not available in the entire Northern region and Glo voice service is available at parts of Tamale Metropolitan area. What we measure As per the Cellular Mobile licence obligations, the QoS indicators and their respective threshold for compliance under assessment considering the user’s perspective are; Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) Congestion Rate Call Setup Time (CST) Call Congestion Rate Call Drop Rate (CDR) Call Completion Rate (CCR) Voice Call Audio Quality Coverage Page 2 of 53 QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) MONITORING OF CELLULAR MOBILE VOICE SERVICES IN NORTHERN REGION, FEBRUARY 2016 Findings The results for the district capitals within Northern Region tested during the period are as below: a) Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) Congestion Rate SDCCH Congestion is defined as the probability of failure of accessing a stand-alone dedicated control channel during call set up.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Credit and Debt Among Women of the Sagnarigu District of Northern Ghana
    Discipline and Empower? A Study of Credit and Debt Among Women of the Sagnarigu District of Northern Ghana A Research Paper presented by: Abdul-Latif Mohammed (Ghana) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Agrarian, Food and Environmental Studies (AFES) Members of the Examining Committee: Dr Julien-François Gerber Prof Murat Arsel The Hague, The Netherlands November 2019 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my profound gratitude to all persons who have in many ways assisted in making this academic work a successful one. My initial appreciation and gratitude goes to my creator (Almighty Allah) for granting me life, health, strength and the sense of commitment to go through this academic endeavour. Secondly, I wish to also thank my supervisor Dr. Julien Francois Gerber and second reader, Prof. Murat Arsel for providing me with the re- quired expertise and guidance throughout this study. You have been the rock I lean on throughout this work and you are mentors worthy of emulation. God richly bless you all. I would not be exhaustive without appreciating the Nuffic and the Dutch government for the financial support and sponsorship throughout this course. My gratitude also goes to friends and family members like Uncle Natogmah Issahaku, Mr. Mohammed Hamdu Nat, Mr Yussif Abdul Rauf, Mr Mohammed Abukari and two PhD candidates; Yahaya Abdulai, and Umar Farouk Mohammed, who in diverse ways have either encouraged me or assisted in any form during this study. I cannot also forget the cooperation of various women group in Jisonayili, Sagnarigu, Gurugu and Katariga in the Sagnarigu district, and staff of Bonzali Rural Bank, MASLOC, Star Microfinance Limited, Opportunity Bank, SNV, and other financial institu- tions who provided me hard data and responded to my interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Community Analyses for Sustainable Intensification of Cereal‐Based Farming System in the Sudano‐Sahelian Zone in Ghana
    Report of community analyses for sustainable intensification of cereal‐based farming system in the Sudano‐Sahelian zone in Ghana I. Y. Dugje, I. A. Teli, A. Larbi, I. Gyamfi, S. S. J. Buah, R.A.L. Kanton, J. M. Kombiok, A. Y. Kamara and I. Hoeschle‐Zeledon Produced by University of Maiduguri Borno State Agricultural Development Programme International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) CSIR‐Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR‐SARI) Published by International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) 25 May 2012 www.africarising.net The Africa Research In Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) program comprises three research‐for‐development projects supported by the United States Agency for International Development as part of the U.S. government’s Feed the Future initiaative. Through action research and development partnerships, Africa RISING will create opportunities for smallholder farm housseholds to move out of hunger and pooverty through sustainably intensified farming systems that improve food, nutrition, and income security, particularly for women and children, and conserve or enhance the natural resource base. The three projects are led by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculturre (in West Africa and East and Southern Africa) and the International Livestock Research Institute (in the Ethiopian Highlands). The International Food Policy Research Institute leaads an associated project on monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment. This document is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution‐Noncommercial‐SShare Alike 3.0 Unported License 1 LEAD RESOURCE PERSONS Coordinating Team Dr. Irmgard Zeledon, IITA Ibadan Dr. Asamoah Larbi, Africa Rising, Ghana Dr. Isaac Gyamfi, Africa Rising, Ghana Dr. Alpha Y.
    [Show full text]