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Original Research Article Estimation of the Fecundity of Threatenedpethiaticto

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Original Research Article Estimation of the Fecundity of Threatenedpethiaticto Original Research Article Estimation of the fecundity of threatenedPethiaticto . ABSTRACT In order to estimate fecundity of threatened small indigenous fish species, tit punti (Pethiaticto), an investigation was done at the Field Laboratory Complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to August, 2017. The mean total lengths were 5.39 ±0.58, 5.20 ± 0.43, 5.79 ± 0.97 cm and mean ovary weights were 0.45 ± 0.20, 0.38 ± 0.15, 0.53 ± 0.26 g for the month of June, July and August, respectively. The fecundity of P. ticto for the month of June was estimated to be 1120-13892 with a mean of 5319.62 ± 3169.16, for the month of July it was 1071-12325 with a mean of 5407.68 ± 3186.82 and for the month of August it was 2268-14328 with a mean of 5919.92 ± 3436.29. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) were 16.62 ± 3.35, 19.01± 4.55 and 14.75± 2.53 for the month of June, July and August, respectively. The highest GSI was observed in July (25.77) and the lowest was 10.53 in June. Information of fecundity and GSI of P. ticto will be helpful for artificial propagation, conservation, and management of this fish species. Keywords: Indigenous fish, Threatened, Fecundity, GSI, Pethiaticto 1. INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is a riverine country and it has huge inland waterbodies. Aquatic biodiversity of Bangladesh is very high. The country has 260 species of freshwater fish, 24 species of freshwater prawn, 475 species of marine fish and 36 species of marine water shrimp. Out of 260 freshwater fish species about 143 species are called as Small Indigenous Species (SIS)[1]. SIS are considered to be those fishes, which grow at a length of maximum 25 cm at maturity [2]. These fishes are at various threat levels, such as Threatened (25%), Critically Endangered (3%), Endangered (12%), Vulnerable (10%), Near Threatened (11%), Least Concern (48%), and Data Deficient (16%) [3,4]. Pethiaticto is under the Least Concern category. The common name of P. ticto is also called ticto barb which is widely distributed in different geographical area viz. Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Thailand [5]. It occurs in the basins of the upper Mekong, Salween, Irrawaddy, Meklong and upper Chao Phraya [6]. The major habitats of P. ticto are found in still, shallow, marginal waters of tanks and rivers, mostly with muddy bottoms. In deeper water, they browse close to the substrate. The species has high economic value due to its nutritive status; ornamental value and market demand both as fresh and processed products. It has great importance for small-scale fishers in Bangladesh. Previous studies [7–9] reported that It is an essential food resource and a crucial source of micronutrients that prevents deficiencies in rural communities in terms of malnutrition, vitamins and minerals, particularly for vulnerable groups, such as poor women and children in Bangladesh. This species is also used to make fermented type products like Shidol. However, the abundance of P. ticto from natural resources are diminishing rapidly because of heavy fishing. Knowledge of fecundity, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and observation of gonadal development are important for the proper management of P. ticto. The reproductive capacity, i.e., fecundity is a critical biological parameter that plays a significant role in determining the commercial prospects of fish stocks [10]. Effective management of fisheries, including sustainable aquaculture, depends on a reliable evaluation of fecundity to consider the durability of fish stocks [4]. In the study of biology and population dynamics of fish species, explanations of reproductive methods and fecundity determination are central topics [11]. Studies on reproduction including the assessment of size at maturity, fecundity, duration of reproductive season, daily spawning behaviour and spawning behaviour and spawning fraction, permit the quantification of the reproductive capacity of individual fish. SIS breed in rainy season, the increase in atmospheric temperature during February and spawning starts after the first summer rain in the month of April to May and continued upto the end of October. The gravid females and fry are found throughout the year with less frequency in the winter season. The study of the fecundity of fishes has manifold importance in fishery biology. The conservation of P. ticto is needed as it is over-exploited. Considering the importance of tit punti (P. ticto) as a nutritive SIS the research work was undertaken to determine the fecundity and GSI of P. ticto from Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1 Site of experiment The work was conducted at the hatchery of the Field Laboratory Complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was done from June to August 2017. 2.2 Collection of brood fish The brood fish were collected from the ponds of the Field Laboratory Complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. About 150 P.ticto both males and females were collected from the source in the months of June, July, and August, 2017. Fig. 1 Fresh specimen of P. ticto 2.3 Selection of sample The breeder’s body structure was easily identified on the basis of external feature of their abdomen, vent and pectoral fins. The female abdomen is enlarged; with a softy touch (during the breeding season) enable them to be identified correctly. 2.4 Measurement of length and weight The standard length and total length were recorded separately to the nearest centimeter scale respectively. The standard length was measured from the anterior part of the head with the jaws closed, to the base of the caudal fin. The total length was measured from the anterior part of the head with the jaws closed, to the posterior end of the caudal fin. The measurement was taken along straight line and was not taken along the curved of the body. A steel scale was used to measure the length of the body. The weight of the specimens was taken by an electric balance and the weights were recorded to the nearest 0.01 g gram. The recording of the gutted weight of the fishes was not considered because of the small or insignificant size of the stomach. 2.5 Collection of ovaries The collected fishes were brought to the dissection tray and the abdomens of the fishes were cut to expose the gonads. The fishes were dissected out by scissors starting from anus to lower jaw and the belly was opened. The whole mass (stomach, intestine, and the ovary) were removed carefully from the ovarian wall by means of fine forceps and soft brush. The ovary of the individual fish was taken out carefully and preserved in 10% buffered formalin. 2.6 Measurement of ovarian weight The preserved ovary of each fish was taken from the buffered formalin and washed and cleaned with distilled water. Excess moisture was removed as consistently as possible by tissue paper. Then the ovary was weighted to the nearest 0.01 g by an electric balance. 2.7 Calculation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) Gonadosomatic index has been using as an indicator of gonadal development. The increase in GSI during the period of gonad maturation is mainly due to the deposition of large amount of protein and lipid in the developing eggs and spermatozoa. Part of these materials come directly from ingested food but a major proportion comes from reserves of food deposited during the active feeding season in organs such as liver and muscles [12]. The values of Gonadosomatic index (GSI) were calculated by using following formula [13]: 2.8 Fecundity estimation The gravimetric method [14] has been used for the estimation of the fecundity of P. ticto. The ovaries were dissected by a pair of scissors in this process. The exterior connective tissues of each pair of ovaries have been separated from the surface. With the aid of a blotting paper, the moisture from the ovaries was removed. With the assistance of a digital electronic balance, the weight of each fish's ovaries was registered. The ovarian part was then precisely taken separately from the anterior, middle and posterior parts of each ovarian lobe.The eggs in the sample were counted. The number of eggs of the samples multiplied by the ratio of total weight of both part of the ovaries and the weight of the sample gave the total number eggs of a particular fish i.e. Where, F= Fecundity of fish N= Number of eggs in sample In this way fecundity of 86 fish were obtained. 2.9 Data processing Data analysis and processing was done by SPSS 23 and MS Excel program. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were done with HSD-Tukey test. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Results 3.1.1 Length and weight Standard length For the experiment 86 females of P. ticto were collected for the study, standard length ranged from 3.10cm to 6.40cm. Brood fishes were collected on June, July, and August months and divided into three groups. Their standard length was varied from 3.10-5.50, 3.30-5.00 and 3.70-6.40 cm respectively (Table 1). Total length For the study of fecundity 86 females of P. ticto were collected, Total length ranged from 4cm to 7.90cm. Total length of fish samples in group A (June), B (July), and C (August), varied from 4-6.7, 4.2-6.1 and 4.6-7.9cm respectively (Table 1). Body weight Throughout the sampling period 86 females body weight varied in the range of 1.56-9.22 g. The body weight of the specimens collected on June, July, and August varied from 1.82- 4.46, 1.56-4.20 and 1.79-9.22g respectively (Table 1).
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