UNITED NATIONS
Distr, ECONOMIC G-EIEEii.L AND E/CH,4/SR.1591 11 February \1981 SOCIAL COUNC Original : ENGLISH
C0MÍI33I0H Oiy HüMH EICTKTS
Thir ty-s eVen th ses s ion
SUMMAILÏ RECORD 01? TIÎE 1591a t î'EETING held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva/, on î-fouday, 9 February 1Ç81, at 10 a.m.
Chairman ; Г'5г. CÁlERO RODRIGUES (Brazil)
CONTENTS
Question of measures to be taken aga,inst ideologies a.nd practices ba.sed on terror or incitement to ra.cia.l discriuiination or any other fern of group hatred (continued,.)
This record is subject to correction.
Pa^rticipants wishing' to mal:e corrections should submj.t them in writing to the Official Records Editing Section, гоошЕ.бЮП, Pala.is des Nations, Geneva, vrithin one week of receiving the record in their xrorking language.
Corrections to the records of the meetings of the Coimaission at this session will be Gonsolid.ated in a single corrigendum to be issued shortly after the end of the session .
GE. 81-15457 E/CN.4/SR.1591 page: 2
The meeting vras called to order at 10.15 a.m.
QUESTION OP MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST IBEOKGIES AND PRACTICES BASED Cil TERROR. GR INCITEMENT TO RACIAL DISCRDin^LATION OAANY ^.THER FORM ; OP GROUPiJATEED (agenda • item 25) (continued) (A/RES/55/20G ; E/CU. VL.1540)
1. Mr. I-'IAKSMOV (Byelorussion Soviet Socialist Republic) introduced draft resolution E/CN.4/L.I548 and summarized its provisions. In the vievr of the sponsors, it v-ras high time that the Commission adopted an o/ppropriate resolution calling for measures to condemn and prohibit all manifestations of nazism., fascism, neo-fascism and other ideologies based on racial oxclusiveness, intolerance and terror. The sponsors felt that the draft resolution vras a balanced text, which reflected the vievrs of most of the Commission's members a^s vrell a.s the pirovisions of General Assembly resolution 55/2OÜ, and they hoped, that the Commission vrould adopt it.
2, Mr. ORTIZ RODRIGUEZ (Cuba) said that there vras at ijresent a real threat of the resurgence of nazism and similar ideologies and practices, the scars from vrhich vrere still borne by ma,nlcind. Only argents of such ideologies vrould d.eny tho ajnple evidi.ence that that danger existed; the Commission must а:ггм attention to it and propose auction aimed at its elimination.
5, The quest-ion of mea,sures against racist ideologies and practices had. been under discussion in the General Assembly and tho Commission for the past 10 years, a fact vrhich amply demonstrated the international coriimunity ' s concern at the threat to peace, security and well-being posed by such raanifestations, The proliferation of organizations vrhich promoted corrupt id.eologiec a.nd discriminated -a,gainst racial and. other minorities vra.s to be condiemned; so, too, vrere those circles vrhich tolerated such organizat.ionG, for motives of gain. Also reprehensible i.rere the resurgence of fascism as a. form of governraent and tlie persistence of ranist régimes such as that of South Africa v.diich continued to discriminate against certain citizens because of their race,
4. It had never been the practice of Cuban delegations to make arrogant pronounce ments in international forvuns about vrhat should be done. But his delegation did feel, ci,s the representative of a pea.ce-loving country, that the grovring d-anger arising , from.. the spread.of-corru.pt ideologies meant-that the • Commis-sión ' should look into the activities of those iâ.eologies' practitioners and of the sources vrhich financed them, recommend measures foi' their elim.ination, and alert vrorld public opinion, in order to imbue present and future gqnera.tions vrith a spirit of tolex'ance and co-operation,
5. Mr. NOVAK (United States of America) said that his country's nevr Secretary of State had reaffirmed the United States' commitraent to the h.uiaan riglits upon vrhich that country vras founded and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights had been modelled; hovrever, he had also stressed tha.t tlie nevr Adjainistra.tion vrould. examine, as a matter of priority, that foxra of international terrorism! vrhich was aimed at denying the basic human rights to life, liberty and security of person.
6. His delegation regretted that draft resolution. E/CN.4/L.1548 wa.s neither as comprehensive nor as true to rea.lity a.s General Assembly resolution 55/200, The fascism vanquished in 1945 was not the major source of current acts of terrorism directed aga.inst innocent civilians and everyday institutions. Such terroi-ism vras Е/СП.4/32.1591 page 5
cynically aimed at destroying the established institutions and free associations of true democratic societies, in the hnov/ledgo that it was those bodies, ond not merely words, which ensured respect for himan rights •- a point emphasized by James Madison, one of the, a,rchitects of t_¡e United fJtates Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Such terrorismby injuring tho integrity of individuals and institutions, and by forcing a.uthorities to cdopt em.ergency mea.sures to protect lav/ and order, inrp3.ired other human riglits besides those to life, freedom and security of.person. Terrorism had reached epidemic proportions and certain Governmients, including Governments vdiich v/ere novr or had fragile institutions, v/ere particularly exposed to its effects.
7- The nev/ terrorism differed from past manifestations of ideologica.lly-inspired individuals or the totalitarian terror practised by such as hitler and Stalin. It miight stem from deep grievances, but it v/as ,a,lso cynically exported by certa^in Sta.tes in their ov/n interests. It victimized the innocent, as did a.ll fonns of terror, but it had thx'ee novel features: it aimed intentionally at destroying existing human rights institutions; it vvavS often .interna.tionally supported; and. it harmed not only a single society but others outside. It often claimed, as a justification, that it sought s. fairer society; but no movement \/hich a.ttacked innocent civilia.ns or committed other sucJi a.trocities could have a.ny moral standing.
8. The training and support given to international terrorism vfao a matter for the international community's urgent concern. Unfjrtunately, many States, vliilst criticizing the use of violence,-themselves proviü.ea such aid. The Com,misGÍon ha.d a particular obligation to speak out against those v.dio used and supported terrorism. All nalions had a common interest in outlavring the phenomenon, since, if a.ccepted by all, it v/ould become uncontrolla,ble and ma.ke v/orld order impossible. Effective measures must be v/orked out to punish those vrbto thus violated the basic sta.nda.r,ds of international behaviour. All nations had a right to live in freedom from fear - which meant, first a.nd foremost, freedom from terror.
9. Mr. SAIAH-BEY" (Algeria) recorded his delegation's full support of draft resolution .E/CH.4/L,1540 . The representative of the "Byelorussion Soviet Socialist Republic, in introducing that document, had rightly referred to the evils of nazism, fascism a.nd neo-fascism; tlie suffering endured by many peoples during the Second "i.'/orld VJa.r had been the outcome of those evil ideologies. But it v^as not correct to 8.ssert, as the observer for tlie \1от1а Jev.lsh Congress had done, tha.t nazism had manifested itself a.g3-inst Jews alone.
10. It should be recalled that the General Assembly, in its resolution 5579 (XXX), had determined that zionism v-/as a form of raci-sm and racial discrimina.tion. The draft resolution before the Commission should be interpreted as applying to zionism for as long as the Zionist entity -pi-actised terror and racial discrimination.
11. Algeria denounced all ideologies based on r.a.cial exclusiveness, intolerance, hatred and terror. E/CN.4/sR.1591 pa.ge A
12. Mr. tQT.kTXA (Poland) said that his delegation, as a sponsor of draft resolution E/CN.4/L.I540, vras concerned about the serious danger emanating from nazism, fascism and neo-fascism, Poland had suffered more than most countries as a result of fascismi during the Second v/orld Ua.r over 6 raillion Polish citizens had been killed, of vrhom over 5 million ha.d died not from irilita.ry operations but from a.cts of terror" and ma.ss exterminai ion. To tolerate a resurgence of fa.-scism vrould be to disregard those victims.
15<• Poland ha.d'consta.ntly stressed the need for mea.sures a.ga.inst na.-zism, fa.soism, neo-fa.scism a.nd ra.cia.l discrimina.tion; it vra.s on Pola.nd' s' initia.tive tha.t -the- Genera.l Assembly ha.d a.dopted resolution 2351 (XXIl) on mea.sures to be ta.ken a.ga.inst na..zism a.nd ra.cia.l intolera.nce, Another important step ta.ken by the Genera.l Assembly had been the adoption of the Convention on the Non-Applicability of Sta.tutory Limita.tions to Wa.r Crimes a.nd Crim.es aga.inst .''tim.a.nit.y; in his delega.tion's vievr, .".11 Member Sta.tes should become pa.rties to that Convention, and to the Convention on the Prevention a.nd Punislment of the- Crime of Genocide.
14. Events in Chile during -recent yea.rs ha.d shovm the need for stro-ng mea,sures to prev-ent the reviva.l of fascism. In Pola.nd's vievr, there vra.s a.n urgent need to intensify na.tiona.l a.nd interna.tiona.l measures a.ga.inst such ma.nifeata.tions. ïha Commission should a.tta.ch m.ore importa.nce to the matter in the future, and it vra.-s to be hoped tha.t dra.ft resolution E/CK.4/L.I540 vrould serve bha.t purpose, thus helping a.lso to implement the United .Nations Decla.ra.tion on. the Prepa.ration of Societies for Life in Pea.ce - a declara.tion-vrhich had been a.dopted by the General Assembly on l^ola.nd's Initia.tive.
15. As Ul'ÍESCO had noted In the Lecla.ralion on Piace a.nd Racial Prejudice adopted al :.ts Genera.l Conference in November 1978 j a.ll people vrere born equa.l in dignity a.nd rights, a.nd formed a.n integra.l po.rt of ma.nkind,
iir. EEAULi-E (Ca.na.da.) said that the representa.tive cf the Syrian Ara.b Heioublic ha.d been rrlsta.ken in a.ttributin^ç Ca.-na.da.'s a.bstention, vrhen the General Assembly ha.d a,.-iop-beà resolution 35/200, to sympa,thy v.dth the Zionist movement. Ca.-na.ds. ha.d a.bsta.ined bF;c.a.u3e it ha.d experienced difficulties v.d" h the text concerned, in vrhich Sta.tes ha.d been ca.lled upon to ta.ke m.ea.sures a.ga.inst groups accused of certa.in. ill-defined crimes - a.n e.pproa.ch incompa.tible vrith Ca.na.d.a's constitutiona.l theory a.nd pra.ctioe.
17' D:raft re solution E/CN.4/L.154S vra.s -unsa.tisfactory in tha.t it concentra.ted on tvro or three outmoded a.nd discredited ideologies and fa.iled to dea.l effectively vrith the n-um.orous other doctrines 3.d.voca.ting hatred, subversion a.nd terror vrhich posed a. threa.t to the "modern vrorld. Ni s delega.tion vrould rea.dily support a.ny a.mendment a.imed a.t bringing the text into line vrith current rea-lities vrithin the short time left for considera.tion of the a.genda. .item in. question. No effective action could result from, unconvincing repetitions of outvrom sloga.ns.
18, The conclusions rea.ched a.t a, recent meeting of Ca.na.dia.-n Federal and Provincia.l Ministers ga.ve a.n ex3,mple of a. positivée a.pproa.ch. The Ministers ha.d ca.lled upon all Ca.na.dia.n citizens to reject the ra.cist vievrs expoun.ded by crga.niza.tions such a.s the i(u IClux Kla.n a.nd to co-ndemn a.ll notions of ra.cia.l su.prema.cy, vrhich ha.d no pla.ce in E/CH.4/SR.1591 pa.ge 5
Ca.na.dia.n society; they .ha,d imderta.ken to remain vigilant and to apply the provisions of criminal la.w a.gainst a.ny ma.nifesta.'tions of such notions.
19. ¥¡x. ЖТЕЪJiiK (Yugosla.via.) sai.id tha.t interna.tiona.l relaiicns were deteriorating heca.use the principles procla.imed in the Cha,rter of the United Ua.tions, such a.s respect for territoria.l integrity a,nd non-interference in the affa.irs of other Sta.tes, were heing violated, thereby crea.ting a. situa.tion conducive to a. resurgence of nazism a.nd fa.scism. Friendly rela.tions betvreen Sta.tes v/ere being jeopa.rdized by the increa.sing terrorist a.ctivities of ra.cist orga.niza,tions which viola.ted the huma.n rights of individua.ls a.nd whole peoples. The Commission mast ta.ke specific mea.sures to comba.t such a.ctivities a.nd the ideology behind them a.s a.n integra.l pa.rt of a. struggle to elimina.te foreign interference in the interna.l a.nd externa.l a.ffa.irs of Sta.tes, to era.dica.te colonia.lism, neo-colonialism a.nd imperia.lism a,nd to pi-omote. v/orld реа,се a.nd the full democratization of international relations. Accordingly, his delegation found merit in dra.ft resolution E/CN.4/L.I548 a.nd, su-bject to the incorporation of minor improvements to the text, v/ould be in a. position to support it. It ha.d a,lrea.dy notified its dra.fting suggestions to- the sponsors.
20. Mr. PAVIS (Austra,lia.) sa.id tha.t a.ll delega.tions in the Commission, including his ovm, v/ere opposed to the ideologies of na.zism a.nd fa.scism, a.nd a.ll v/ere a.v/a.re of the terrible suffering they ha.d ca.used, not only in the Soviet Union but a.lso in Asia. a.nd in Western Europe. It v/a.s the suffering of the Soviet people tha.t had led. its Government to help draft the Charter of the United hâtions and to enter into solemn vmderta-kings rela.ting to respect for self-determina.tion,. huma.n rights a.nd the territorial integrity and political independence of States. Such commitments must be scrupulously observed by States if the v/orld vra.s to be spa.red a,nother v/a.r..
21. He v/ondered v/hy the Byelorussia.n SSR-ha.d raised the issue dea.lt v/ith in dra.ft resolution E/CH.4/L.I54O in a form v/hich, as it surely rea.lized, cou,ld not easily a.ttra.ct a. consensus a.nd v/hich sma.cked of a. propa.ga.nda. exercise. Tota.lita.ria.nism of the- right, including fascism, v/as intimately connected v/ith totalita.rianism of the left a.nd origina.ted la.rgely a.s a.n over-rea.ction to the perceived threa.tof left-v^ring totalita.ria.nism. Ea.ch form of tota.lita.rism used the existence of the other a.s a. justifica.tion. for the violation of funda.mental hujna.n rights a.nd for the exploitation of group hatred, including class hatred. The resurgence of fascism in some parts of the v/orld v/a.s disturbing, but could not be viev/ed in isolation from the persistent left-wing tota.lita.ria.nism in ma.ny countries. All countries must ta.ke effective measures, v/hich must include fpara.ntees of freedom of movement a.nd of expression, to lim.it the sprea.d of tota.lita.ria.n regimes a.nd ideologies. Tota.lita.ria.nism v/a.s predica.ted on the denia.l of ba.sic huina.n rights a.nd va.lues a.nd on the insignifica.nce of the individua.l, a.nd vra.s hence conducive to terrorism. \'!hile firmly opposed to terrorism, his Goverrjnent recognized tha.t the phenomenon freq^uently ha.d its roots in previotis gross viola.tions of huma.n rights, vihich ha.d to be corrected. The connection betv-.reen tota.lita.ria.nism and terrorism v/ere evidenced in the frequent reports of the training of terrorists in tota.lita.ria.n countries. As long a.s such pra.ctices persisted, the ideology of fa.scism v/ould rema,in a.ttra.ctive to a. fev/. The only la.sting defence a.ga,inst fa.scism a.nd" other forms of tota.lita.ria.nism v/a.s modera.tion in politica.l a.ffa.irs, the encoura.gement of chiversity a.nd the protection of funda.menta.l civil a.nd politica.l rights by effective na.tiona.l .a.nd interna.tional procedures. Е/Ш. 4/SR. 15 91 page б
22, ЛИ the peoples of tho world raxjst gtiard against a recrudescence of the ideologies which had led to the'Second World \Jar. Tho correct approach lay not in authoritarian measures hut, rather, in е>фозиге and criticism of any such tendencies by free communications media and in a climate of comrplete freedom of expression, ЛИ forms of totalitarianism wore dangerous. Those Governments vrhich failed to respect the basic hvunan rir:hts of their ovm citizens vrere more likely to violate the basic rights of peoples in other conn tries and even the sovereign rights of other States, and to the extent that they possessed great military strength, the situation became even more dangerous. His delegation felt that the dra,ft resolution under consideration shouldi be amended to reflect those considerations and thereby improve its vprospects of commanding a consensus,
25. №. GIUSTETTI (Prance) said that his delegation had voted in favour of General Assembly resolution 55/200 because that resolution condemned all movements vrhich asserted the supremacy of the grou.p over the individaial and attempted to establish the domination of one'group by every method, including terror. Hasism and fascism, rightly mentioned by name in that resolution, vrere such movements, and thej represented a danger vrhich must be fought by strong measures. Tlie evil vrhich the;^ represented, hovrever, vras part of a broader one, vrhich included the negation, of human rights, the contempt for or hatred of those belonging to a different group, hovrever the group vra.s defined, and the practices, including terror, vrhich resulted from those attitudes. It vras essential to combat the disease as vroll as the symptoms, vrhich meant recognizing that the evil could appear anyvrhere and that all countries had a duty to adopt all the necessary legislative instruments and rules to combat it. His delegation rejected the argument that such specific instrtiments vrere unnecessary in a legal system based on principles vrhich condemned hatred, discrimination and terror, for vrhile general legislation might be adequate to combat the flagrant manifestations of racism or group hatred, it could not ciu:b their more devious manifestations. It rejected even more firmly the argument that certain peoples vrere made iimnune to that disease by tho ad-oxation of particular type of social organization.
24. Preedom of expression m.ust be allovred for all ideas provided that they did not create disordior,' Hovrever, specific lavrs and rules directed against ideologies and. practices based on terror or incitement to racial discrimination or group hatred vrere not onlj'' pei-fectly consistent vrith respiect for freedom of expression but even necessary, and France itself had such lavrs.
25. At the international level, a nevr declaration of principles vras urmecessary. The already existing, bvit too often neglected, international instrvmients vrere perfectly adequate. Only in the case of religious intolerance, vrhich vras not covered by any existing instrument, vras a. declaration of pi-inciples indispensable. In any case, legislation alone vras not enough. Tolerance also had. to be promoted by unflagging efforts to educate fmd inform the public.
26. The topic vmder consideration, more than any other, reqviired a consensus in the Commission, and his delegation reserved its rirHt to express its vievrs on draft resolution E/CH.4/L.1540 in due course. E/(1T.4/SR.1591 page 7
27. Ilr. SIJrM (Federal Republic of Germany) said that the Germans Imev; only too well what Hazi ideology and Ilasi terror meant because German citizens had. been the first of their many victims." He agreed that there was a need, to goiard against a resurgence of neo-nazism and supported -the general арргос<,сЬ taken in draft resolution E/GH.4/L.154Q» ^ic ovni co-ar.try, unlike many others, was a diemocratic State which hid nothing from, its citizens. Such a dem-ocracy tolerated all kinds of opinions, even if they differed fi-om those of the party or parties in power, . and left ideological choices to be determined by free elections. It should be noted in that connection that in the general elections of 1976, the only party vrith neo-Mazi tendencies had obtained O.J per cent of all votes, the same percentage as the extreme left Germa.n Communist Party. In the I9OO elections each of those extremist parties had received 0,2 per cent of all votes cast. Those figures shov/ed better than anything else that the citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany dietested all forms of extremism and totalitarianism and. v/ere loyal to d.emocra,cy and a free society based on the principles laid dovrn in "the various international Ьилпап rights instrujnents.
20, As to the problem of terror, his country ЪгЛ frequently been the victim of terrorist practices imported from other countries, v/hex-e terroi-ists received training and assistance, in violation of all the accepted norms of international la,v/. Host of those terrorist activities were based on extreme leftist ideology rather than on neo-Hazi aberrations. The time v/as ripe to 1ггл/ the attention of States to their international obligation to com.bat terrorism, and tho Commission should, include a unanimious condemnation of all forms o.f terrorism in the draft resolution proposed. The draft resolution should, be atended in such a v/ay as to. cover all id.eelogies, and, practices based on tcvTOX or incitement to racial discrimination or any other .form of group hatred, ideologies and practices, and in a manner v/hich couild prodtice a. consensus.
29. Иг, ВАРлЮ1Т (Jordan) said that his delegation supported draft resolution 1;/CH,4/L,154G because it shared the viev/s expressed by the representative of Algeria, and his understanding tha.t one of the idealogies covered by the resolution v/a.s zionism, \/hich had been responsible for uprooting Palestinian.s, turning them into second-class citizens, esc8.1a.,ting aggression a.gainst them and against other .лтгЪ countries, increa.sing the number of refugees in the liidd-le East, and so forth. His delegation favoired any action aim.ed at examining the political practices of such an id.eology, includ.ing the practice of brainv/ashing young Jev/s so as to ma.ke them hate Arabs,
50. As for terrorism, his country condeimied it utterly, and v/ished to take the opportunity to xrge the Commission to do v/hat it could to help to save the life of the Jord.anian diplomat recently kidnapped in Beirut,
I'SLí-Jí93.5I (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) said that the Commission had a duty to combat the ideologies of nazism and fascism v/hich had been i-esponsible for the horrors of the Second \iorld vJar, and drev/ attention in that connection to a.rticle 4 of the International Convention on tho Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, In snite of the obligation of States to comba.t all forms 4/SE. 1591 page о
of racism and national exclusivencss under the provisions of that document and many other international instruments, pro-Fascist and pro-Ifcsi organizations had increased in number and boldness in a nuxiber of V/estern countries. Among the targets of their hate-filled. CLiatribes were immii{rant workers,' formerly colonial peoples and ethnic minorities. They not only prot>agated chauvinistic attitudes, but often organised paramilitary detachm.entG, to which they gave commando training and made extensive use of ITazi insigaiav. They carried on their activities with the cleair connivance of the local authorities. Fot only did they obtain arms and organise attanks against progressive forces in l/estern Еигоре, they were now trying to organise a, kind of- international Fascist union. ' Those right-v;ing foz-ces of interna,tion;il imperialism were incroa.sing interna.tional tension and threatening peace and security, a,s v/a.s particularly apparent in the illegal occupation of ITamibia by the Fa.scist régime of South Africa and its aggressive acts • directed, against other African Sto/tes. Yo"'..uT.g people of Fascist bent comprised, the bulk of the mercenaries emrployed. by imperialiiîm against na.tional liberation movem.ents and independent States. Д Fascist threat was also posed by the regim.es in Soulh Africa., South Korea, Chile and othor countries.
52. The Commission had a clear mandante from the General Assembly to take appropriate action and the draft resolution i-nder consideration was a step in Ihe right direction. Some ropresentat-iveo ha.d objected that it reflected past rather than present realities, but that was not true. Such ra.cist organisations as the Ku Kltcc. Klan and the growth of neo-Fascist terror were current realities. His delegation wa^s prepared to consider amendments to the draft resolution, but felt that it v.-as ready for a.doption as it stood andt '.Jould support it. It vra.s , also prepared, to support measures aimed at curbing terrorist acts which hind.ered communication between States and threatened the work of the diplomatic community.
33. Itc, EL-FATTAL (Syrian Arab Hepublic) said that his Government had constantly condemned nazism, fascisrii and ..neo-fascism in all their manifestations. In his delegation's opinion, the' draft resolution under consideratioj'i was most pertinent in its operative port which covrered tlie раз!, present a.nd future and v/rvS particularlj'" relevant to what was being endured by the peoples of ...frica, and Asia. In his earlier statements to the Commission he had vnmasked the true natujre of Zionism, which was no different from naaism, since violence \/аз an inherent element of Zionist ideolog:/. He h^ad a.lso poiiÀted out tho differences lootween Zionism and. Judaism, which were, respectively', an ideology and. a. religion. His Government respected Juda.ism. but despised zionism, vrl'îich had led to the occupation of Palestine. Unfortanately, the observer for the b-orld Jewish Congress had referred to the national aspirations of zioniám in Palestine, a policy vrhich gave rise to anti-oemitisiú in •.'•i";-ope, ' The;ro was a, cic-^se relationship betvreen draft resolution E/CH.4/L,1540 and- General Assembly resolution 3579 (XXX), by vrhich the .:issembly had determined that zionism vras a fo.rm of racism and racial discrimination. E/CH.-4/&R-1591 page 9
34- In view of the fact that the Convention on the líon-Applicahility of Statntorj^ Limitations to \7ar Crimes and Crimes against Humanity categorized apartheid a.s a. crime aga.inst humanity, he suggested that a reference should he included in both the fourth preambular paragraph and operctive paragraph 4 of draft resolution E/CH-4/L.1543 tc the International Convention cn the Suppression and Ptmishment of the Crime of Apa.rtheid. He hoped that his suggestion vjould be given favourahle consideration by tho sponsors of the draft resolution, which his delegation would support.
35- Mr. YOUSSIF (Iraq) referring tc General Assembly resolution 35/200, said that racist movements were not restricted to nazism, fascism and neo-fascism, and that the Commission should examine all manifestations of racism in accordance líith the relevant United Hâtions resolutions. In its resolution 5379 (XXX), the General Assembly had determined that zionism was a form of racism and racial discrimination, and his delegation wished,to draw attention to the linlcs between Zionism, on the.one hand, and nazism and fascism, on the other.
36. In his statement at • the previous meeting, the, observer for the V/orld Jewish Congress had confused Judaism end zionism. The Commission should draw the attention of non-governmental organizations to the fa.ct that they should conduct their activities in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the relevant resolu.tions of the Organization, pa^rticularlj^ those which referred to racial discrimination.
57- Anti-Semitism as a racist ideology was supported by the Zionist movement in order to prevent Jews from becoming integra.ted in the societies in which they lived. Zionism had promoted a new form of anti-Semitism in the seivice of Israel. Israeli Zionists could justifiably be regarded as anti-Semites, because they persecuted and massacred Pa.lestinian Arabs vjho because of their origin were as Semitic as the Jews. Further proof of the nature of Israeli anti-Semitism was the tragic lot of black Jews, namely those who came from Asian and African countries and уете trea.ted as second-class citizens in Israel.,
38. The Zionists had always been and were still spiritual brothers of Pa.scists, since they followed the same ideology and were rabid racists. The only difference between them was that the German Fascists had created a cult of the Aryan race while the Zionists were seeking to create the cult of a superior Jewish race. In 1956, a former active Zionist had revealed that certain piximinent Jewish politicians, including Chaim V/eizmann and Ben Gur-ion, had collaborated with Adolf Eichmann during the Second V/orld V/ar. Furthermore, a number of books written by such Jewish authors as Ben Hecht, Hannah Arendt and Alfred Lilienthal contained a great deal of information which showed the spiritua.l relationship between Zionists and Na.zis. As a result of their collaboration with the Nazis, the Zionists had learned the art of provocation for political purposes.
39- In view of the connection between zionism and other racist ideologies, his delegation considered it essential that zionism should be uientioned araong other manifestations of racism in any resolution to be adopted under item 25.
40. Ml". GENOT (Observer for Belgium) said he wished to maJcc a clarification in connection with the item under d.iscu.ssion. CHjing to a technical error, the Belgian delegation had a^bstained in the vote on Generat Assembly resolution 35/200. E/CN.4/SE.1591 page 10
Following the vote, hovjever, his delegation had pointed out that it had intended to vote in favour of the теsolution. As on оЪserver, he would refrain from commenting on the matter under discu.ssion, hut he wished to malœ clear, the importance which his delegation attached to the question, whic'i wa,s a complex and delicate one.
41. Mr. ANT (Observer for Turkey) said that the resurgence of practices based on terror and- violence was one of the sad realities of the modern era. Every day there were -manifestations of blind hatred throughout the world. In those circumstances, consideration of item 25 was of particular importance.
/2. In his delegation's opinion, the'question called for a comprehensive approach, since totatitarian practices based on-intolerance, hatred and terror were no longer exclusive to retrograde ideologies. No one coiild be considered immune from the harmful effects of intolerance, hatred and terror, a development made possible by the acquiescence and even encoura.gement of all concerned. The world community as a whole had judged practices based on hatred, violence and terror in the light of their results and their objectives, rarely in their true context, whicVj involved, an attempt to understand their meaning in terms of tlie denial of fundamental human rights. \-',1ierever terrorism or violence prevailed, human rights were doomed to remain a dead letter. One of the chanacteristics of terrorism was that it stiuck without distinction and therefore constituted a danger to the enjoyment of htiraan rights everjn/here. He represented a country which had some experience with terrorism at both the national and internationat levels. In the first nine months of 1980 alone, more than 2,500 persons in Turkey ha.d lost their lives a,s the result of terrorist antivitieso Those victims had rlncluded innocent persons, although the right to live in security and other rights were guaranteed by the Constitution and by machinery set up for that ргггрозе. Furthermore, since 1975» 15 Turkish nationals had been the target of terrorist attacks in foreign countries where the right to live .in security was a.lso protected. It ra.ight therefore be asked what ha.d happened to constitutional guarantees and the machinery estatlished to protect individuials. • In fact, they centintied to exist but they had served only those who wished to destroy them.' Sonie of the conclusions to be drawn from that situation were the i?ollowing. Pra.ctices based on hatred, intolerance and tei-ror, whoever their authons oi" victims might be, had a common feature; they constituted a chatlenge to the rules- v.ihich governed contemp.oro.ry national societies and the international community and u'ore based on the principle of respect for others. To combat such practices, - it was necessa.ry to defend those rules. To refrain from any nationat or interna.tiona.l act.ion that constituted direct or indirect support for such practices was the most important way of combating them effectively. Jii that area, the mass media had a special responsibility and a f-undamental duty, i.e. that of not justifying' teri-orist acts either intentionally or unintentionally. IJnfort-ynately, exi^erience showed that even in coimtries x-ihich had a reputation for defending the ca.use of freedom and luiman rights, tha.t responsibility was often neglected.
43' Mr. BARROMI (observer for Israel) said that his Government was gra.vely concerned at three interconnected phenomena: the resurgence of neo-nazisra and anti-Semitism, the campaign of a.nt.i-Jewish d.ofa.mation, and international terrorism. E/CT.4/SR.1591 page 11
44* In recent years, there had heen a spate of anti-Semitic outrages in many countries, including attacks against Jev/ish persons and institutions involving loss of human lives, acts of desecration againstplaces of v.iorship and cemeteries, and attempts to intimídate Jev^sh persons and communities.
45• Neo-Nazi groups had reappeared and v/ere disseminating a nevj brand of literature which combined antt-SemJ.tism with anti-zionism •
46. The equating of zionism v/ith racism provided a convenient alibi for incitement and could be used to justify every crime. Not only Israel v/as threatened but so was every Jew as a potential supporter of zionism. Bombs throvm at colleges and synagogues did not differentiate, A crude literature of group hatred v/as disseminated, the technique used being that -of Goebbels, najnely to stir the basest instinch.;- to strip the victim of his dignity and to surround him with hostility and contemptc
4-7 • His Government НэЛ supported General Assembly resolution 35/200 because the. text rightly linked neo-nazism vith terror. Neo-nazism and anti-Semitism did not occur in a vacuum. They were fed by international terrorism. There v;as no lack of proof of the links between anti-Semitic activities and crimes and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Certain Arab Governments acted as headquarters ar;d paymasters for terrorism; other so-called moderate Governments shared in the same responsibility by providing financial and logistic support.
48. The dangers created by such a situation were disquieting. International terrorism v/as a scourge of the times, the cancer that threalended the very fabric cx society. A new attitude v/as required by all concerned. Enlightened peoples and Governments could muster the strength and determination necessary to stamp out . neo-Nazi activities and anti-Semitism and to ensure a world of justice and fraternity.
49. I-Ir. AL FALLOUJI (Observer, League of Arab States) said he thought that the proposal to insert a reference to zionism in draft resolution E/CN.4/L«1548 v/as appropriate and that it v/ould not change the text from the legal stand-point.'
50. With regard to the statement Cj the Zionist representative that the Jev/ish people was invoking its right to self-determination, he vould like to know whether that meant that a,ll the Jews should be placed in. one part of the \;orld and that the people already there snould be eradicated in order to enable the Je\.is to exercise that right. If so, that v/as a shameful act of selectivity.
51. It should be noted that v/hile some unfortunate incidents in certain countries had been exploited to promote the racist Zionist ideology, PLO ha.d stated that it v;anted to create a State in wMch all the people in the region vrould live in harmony without discrimination.
52. Mr. mmSINEZ (Argentina) said that his delegation had voted in favour of General Assembly resolution 35/200 because of the importance of the cause of promoting and developing respect for human rights. While the General Assembly resolution concerned many aspects of the qivestion, including such ideologies as fascism, neo-fascism and racism, it did not deal v/ith the entire problem. He thought that draft resolution E/CN.4/L.1548 could be enriched by including some of the important points that had been made during the current debate. I]/Cff.4/SR.1591 page 12
53» With regard to terrorism, he said that in coimtries such as his own those viho had engaged in such violence had been close to reaching their goal in the 1960s. At present, no country could state, that the problem was not of concern to it. Terrorism should therefore be combatted, whatever its origin and wherever it appeared. There v.'as a need for international action, to combat terrorism, and his delega tion- consequently supported the ideas contained in the draft resolution under consideration.
54. I^r. БЕН1Т0 (observer for Spain) said that his delegation attached great importance to the item under consideration. In that connection, he recalled that at the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe vihich was being held at Fladrid, Ms delegation had submitted a proposal designed to achieve co-operation at the European level with regard to a.nti-tex'rorist measures.
55. The decisions to be adopted by the Commission should stress the need for international co-opei-ation in order to safeguard human rights in all countries. In Spain, terrorism had reached unprecedented, proportions. In that connection, he said that a nuclear engineer had just been murdered there as the result of terrorist blackmail against the State.
56. The CKAIRiyiAN announced that the Commission had concluded its debate on agenda item 25.
57. VJith regard to the remarks by the representative of Jordan concerning the kidnapping of the Jordanian chargé d'affaires at Beirut, he said that unfortunately it seemed that all the Commission could douas to express its concern at that • violation of human rights. He took it that he would be expressing the Commission's feeling by making an appeal to those v.'ho were responsible for that action not to sacrifice the most essential human right - the right' to life. He hoped that the appeal would be heard.
58. I-'h*, В ARARAT (Jordan) expressed his Government's appreciation for the concern shown by the Commission. He hoped that the Chairman's appeal would not go imheeded.
The meeting rose at I.05 p.m.