Summer 2019 NEWSLETTER
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Tokarska-Bakir the Kraków Pogrom the Kraków Pogrom of 11 August
Tokarska-Bakir_The Kraków pogrom The Kraków Pogrom of 11 August 1945 against the Comparative Background 1. The aim of the conducted research/the research hypothesis The subject of the project is the analysis of the Kraków pogrom of August 1945 against the background of the preceding similar events in Poland (Rzeszów, June 1945) and abroad (Lviv, June 1945), as well as the Slovak and Hungarian pogroms at different times and places. The undertaking is a continuation of the research described in my book "Pod klątwą. Społeczny portret pogromu kieleckiego" (2018), in which I worked out a methodology of microhistorical analysis, allowing the composition of a pogrom crowd to be determined in a maximally objective manner. Thanks to the extensive biographical query it was possible to specify the composition of the forces of law and order of the Citizens' Militia (MO), the Internal Security Corps (KBW), and the Polish Army that were sent to suppress the Kielce pogrom, as well as to put forward hypotheses associated with the genesis of the event. The question which I will address in the presented project concerns the similarities and differences that exist between the pattern according to which the Kielce and Kraków pogroms developed. To what extent did the people who were within the structures of the forces of law and order, primarily communist militia, take part in it –those who murdered Jews during the war? Are the acts of anti-Semitic violence on the Polish, Ukrainian, and Slovak lands structurally similar or fundamentally different? What are the roles of the legend of blood (blood libel), the stereotype of Żydokomuna (Jewish communists), and demographical panic and panic connected with equal rights for Jews, which destabilised traditional social relations? In the framework of preparatory work I managed to initiate the studies on the Kraków pogrom in the IPN Archive (Institute of National Remembrance) and significantly advance the studies concerning the Ukrainian, Hungarian, and Slovak pogroms (the query was financed from the funds from the Marie Curie grant). -
The Libro Verde: Blood Fictions from Early Modern Spain
INFORMATION TO USERS The negative microfilm of this dissertation was prepared and inspected by the school granting the degree. We are using this film without further inspection or change. If there are any questions about the content, please write directly to the school. The quality of this reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original material The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Dissertation Information Service A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9731534 Copyright 1997 by Beusterien, John L. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9731534 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Titic 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission -
Read the Conference Program
COVER: Stone medallion with the purported martyrdom scene of Simonino di Trento. Palazzo Salvadori, Trent, Italy. Photo by Andreas Caranti. Via Wikimedia Commons. YIVO INSTITUTE FOR JEWISH RESEARCH PRESENTS CONFERENCE OCTOBER 9, 2016 CO-SPONSORED BY 1 INCE ITS FABRICATION IN THE MIDDLE AGES, the accusation that Jews Skidnapped, tortured and killed Christian children in mockery of Christ and the Crucifixion, or for the use of their blood, has been the basis for some of the most hateful examples of organized antisemitism. The blood libel has inspired expulsions and murder of Jews, tortures and forced mass conversions, and has served as an ines- capable focal point for wider strains of anti-Jewish sentiment that permeate learned and popular discourse, social and political thought, and cultural media. In light of contemporary manifestations of antisemitism around the world it is appropriate to re-examine the enduring history, the wide dissemination, and the persistent life of a historical and cultural myth—a bald lie—intended to demonize the Jewish people. This conference explores the impact of the blood libel over the centuries in a wide variety of geographic regions. It focuses on cultural memory: how cultural memory was created, elaborated, and transmitted even when based on no actual event. Scholars have treated the blood libel within their own areas of expertise—as medieval myth, early modern financial incentive, racial construct, modern catalyst for pogroms and the expulsion of Jews, and political scare tactic—but rarely have there been opportunities to discuss such subjects across chronological and disciplinary borders. We will look at the blood libel as historical phenomenon, legal justification, economic mechanism, and visual and literary trope with ongoing political repercussions. -
Jewish Mysticism, Ritual Murder, and the Trial of Mendel Beilis
Swarthmore College Works History Faculty Works History 2015 Connecting The Dots: Jewish Mysticism, Ritual Murder, And The Trial Of Mendel Beilis Robert Weinberg Swarthmore College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-history Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation Robert Weinberg. (2015). "Connecting The Dots: Jewish Mysticism, Ritual Murder, And The Trial Of Mendel Beilis". Word And Image In Russian History: Essays In Honor Of Gary Marker. 238-252. https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-history/464 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Connecting the Dots: Jewish Mysticism, Ritual Murder, and the Trial of Mendel Beilis Robert Weinberg (Swarthmore College) he prosecution of Mendel Beilis for the murder of thirteen-year-old TAndrei Iushchinskii in Kiev a century ago is perhaps the most publi- cized instance of blood libel since the torture and execution of Jews accused of ritually murdering the infant Simon of Trent in 1475. By the time of the trial in the fall of 1913, the Beilis case had become an inter- national cause célèbre. Like the trials of Alfred Dreyfus in the 1890s and the outcry that accompanied the Damascus Affair in the 1840s, the arrest, incarceration, and trial of Beilis aroused public criticism of Russia’s treatment of Jews and inspired opponents of the autocracy at home and abroad to launch a campaign to condemn the trial. -
A History of Antisemitism Fall 2019
A History of Antisemitism Fall 2019 Dr. Katherine Aron-Beller Tel Aviv University International [email protected] _____________________________________________________________________ An analysis of articulated hatred toward Jews as a historical force. After treating precursors in the pagan world of antiquity and in classical Christian doctrine, the course will focus on the modern phenomenon crystallizing in 19th-century Europe and reaching its lethal extreme in Nazi ideology, propaganda, and policy. Expressions in the U.S. and in the Arab world, as well as Jewish reactions to antisemitism, will also be studied. Course Outline 1. Wednesday 23td October: Antisemitism – the oldest hatred Gavin Langmuir, Toward a Definition of Antisemitism. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990)pp. 311-352. Peter Schäfer, Judaeophobia: Attitudes Toward the Jews in the Ancient World. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1997, pp. 34-64, 197-211. 2. Monday 28th October: Jews as Christ Killers – the deepest accusation New Testament (any translation): Matthew 23; 26:57-27:54; John 5:37-40, 8:37-47 John Chrysostom, Discourses Against Judaizing Christians, Homily 1 at: www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/chrysostom-jews6.html Marcel Simon, Verus Israel. Oxford: Littman Library, 1986, pp. 179-233. 3. Wednesday 30th October: The Crusades: The First Massacre of the Jews Soloman bar Samson: The Crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096 at: www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1096jews-mainz.html Robert Chazan, “Anti-Jewish violence of 1096 – Perpetrators and dynamics” in Anna Sapir Abulafia Religious Violence between Christians and Jews (Palgrave, 2002) Daniel Lasker, “The Impact of the Crusades on the Jewish-Christian debate” Jewish History 13, 2 (1999) 23-26 4. -
The Blood Libel in Eastern Europe
Jewish History (2012) 26: 275–285 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 DOI: 10.1007/s10835-012-9166-2 The Blood Libel in Eastern Europe ROBERT WEINBERG Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA E-mail: [email protected] Keywords Antisemitism · Blood libel · Kiev · Mendel Beilis · Russian Empire This issue of Jewish History explores the phenomenon of “blood libel” in eastern Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The accusation that Jews murder Christians, particularly young boys and girls, for ritual purposes has a long and lurid lineage that dates back to the Middle Ages.1 The accusa- tion of ritual murder emerged in England in the mid-twelfth century with the charge that Jews had killed a Christian youth in order to mock the Passion of Christ. By the middle of the thirteenth century the belief that Jews killed Christians had spread to the European continent, where gentiles now accused Jews of desecrating the Host and using gentile blood for religious purposes, including consuming it in matzo. The charge of ritual murder gained strength in the wake of the Fourth Lateran Council, held in 1215, when the Western Christian church affirmed that the wafer and wine used in the sacrament of the Eucharist contained the body and blood of Christ. According to some histo- rians, the belief that Christians consumed the blood and flesh of their savior during weekly communion—the doctrine of transubstantiation—prompted many believers to project onto Jews their own guilt over ritual cannibalism.2 Church officials in Rome issued numerous papal bulls that rejected the notion of blood libel, asserting that Jews did not engage in Host desecration or use gentile blood for the baking of matzo. -
Antisemitism
Antisemitism Hatred of Jews as a people or of "the Jew" as a concept. The term “antisemitism” was first coined in the late 1870s, subsequently it is used with reference to all types of Jew-hatred - both historical and contemporary. The word itself comes from the idea that Hebrew belongs to the Semitic language family, and thus Jews must be "Semites." Many other languages also belong to the Semitic language family, such as Arabic and Amharic, and therefore other cultures could also be called "Semites." However, there is no such thing as "Semitism" and no other groups have ever been included in the hatred and prejudice denoted by antisemitism. The word itself is a good example of how, during the late nineteenth century, Jew-haters pretended that their hatred had its basis in scholarly and scientific ideas. Jew-hatred is not a modern phenomenon—it may be traced back to ancient times. Traditional antisemitism is based on religious discrimination against Jews by Christians. Christian doctrine was ingrained with the idea that Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus, and thus deserved to be punished (this is known as the Deicide, or Killing of God, Myth). Another concept that provoked hatred of Jews amongst Christians was the Supercession Myth, claiming that Christianity had replaced Judaism, due to the Jewish People’s failure in their role as the Chosen People of God—and thus deserving punishment, specifically by the Christian world. Over the centuries various stereotypes about Jews developed. Individual Jews were not judged based on their personal achievements or merits, but rather were seen on the whole as greedy, devilish, standoffish, lazy, money-grubbing, and over-sexed. -
The History of Blood Libel
Transcript for: The Power of a Lie: The History of Blood Libel Hatreds are rooted in stereotypes and myths. The lies persist despite heroic efforts to set the record straight. We are going to examine one of the most powerful and pernicious of those lies, the Blood Libel. It is false claim that Jews engage in ritual murder—that is, religiously sanctioned murder. It has been traced England in the 12 th century. 1. Church Photo and/or 2. Blinded Synagogue The 1100s were a time when many Christians were outraged that Jews refused to convert to Christianity. They saw the Jews’ refusal as a willful and obstinate denial of what they perceived as “God’s truth.” They expressed their anger in words and images that dehumanized and demonized Jews. It was in this charged atmosphere that some Christians began to accuse Jews of ritual murder. The accusation came at a time when life was precarious in Europe. And, as in other times of great fear and anxiety, many people found it all too easy to blame “them”—the people who are not like “us”—for every tragedy, every hardship, every loss. 3. Blood Libels Map 1144-1500, base map appears German Empire, France and England and then zooms into England and Norwich with first appearance of blood libel in 1144 (about 12 seconds total). The blood libel grew out of an incident that took place in Norwich, England, in 1144. On Good Friday, a woodsman discovered the body of a missing child in a forest near his home. The man claimed that young William’s death had to be the work of Jews, because no Christian would have murdered a child so brutally. -
Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946
Rückenstärke cvr_eu: 39,0 mm Rückenstärke cvr_int: 34,9 mm Eastern European Culture, 12 Eastern European Culture, Politics and Societies 12 Politics and Societies 12 Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946 Pogrom Cries – Essays This book focuses on the fate of Polish “From page one to the very end, the book Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Jews and Polish-Jewish relations during is composed of original and novel texts, the Holocaust and its aftermath, in the which make an enormous contribution on Polish-Jewish History, ill-recognized era of Eastern-European to the knowledge of the Holocaust and its pogroms after the WW2. It is based on the aftermath. It brings a change in the Polish author’s own ethnographic research in reading of the Holocaust, and offers totally 1939–1946 those areas of Poland where the Holo- unknown perspectives.” caust machinery operated, as well as on Feliks Tych, Professor Emeritus at the the extensive archival query. The results Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 2nd Revised Edition comprise the anthropological interviews with the members of the generation of Holocaust witnesses and the results of her own extensive archive research in the Pol- The Author ish Institute for National Remembrance Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is a cultural (IPN). anthropologist and Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish “[This book] is at times shocking; however, Academy of Sciences at Warsaw, Poland. it grips the reader’s attention from the first She specialises in the anthropology of to the last page. It is a remarkable work, set violence and is the author, among others, to become a classic among the publica- of a monograph on blood libel in Euro- tions in this field.” pean perspective and a monograph on Jerzy Jedlicki, Professor Emeritus at the the Kielce pogrom. -
Post-Holocaust Pogroms in Hungary and in Poland
Post-Holocaust Pogroms in Hungary and Poland By Istvan Pal Adam Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Michael L. Miller Second Reader: Viktor Karady CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2009 Statement of Copyright Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgements I dedicate this work to the memory of my grandfather, DezsĘ Kun, who was born in Kunmadaras, in 1900. My special thanks go to Michael L. Miller and Eszter Timár who helped my work with friendly and professional advice. I also need to thank for the support of my family and all the help of professors, coordinators and colleagues at CEU. Thank you CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract This thesis compares violent attacks suffered by Holocaust survivors in post-war Poland and Hungary. I argue that although the backgrounds of the two countries were different, certain factors occasionally resulted in similar pogroms in approximately the same time. During the thesis I analyze these factors in the context of the Kraków and Kielce pogroms in Poland, and the Kunmadaras pogrom and the Miskolc riots in Hungary. -
AJC's Translate Hate Glossary
AJC's glossary of antisemitic terms, phrases, conspiracies, cartoons, themes, and memes. American Jewish Committee | The Translate Hate Glossary | February 2021 1 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Jew down 15 Jewish features 16 Jewish figures 16 B Jewish lightning 17 blood libel 4 Jewish lobby 17 Judas/30 pieces of silver 18 C cabal 4 K clannish 5 Khazars 18 conspiracy theory 5 kosher tax 19 control 6 cosmopolitan elite 6 cowardice 7 N New World Order 19 creatures 7 “not the real Jews” 20 D deadly exchange 8 P poisoning the well 20 deicide 8 Protocols of the Elders of Zion 21 dual loyalty 9 Q E QAnon 22 (((echo))) 9 R F Rothschild 22 “From the River to the Sea” 10 S G Satan 23 globalist 10 scapegoat 24 “The Goyim Know” 11 silencing 24 greed 11 slavery / slave trade 25 smirking merchant 25 H Soros 26 Holocough 12 Holocaust denial 13 Z “Zionism is racism” 26 I Zionist / “Zio” 27 Illuminati 14 Zionist Occupied Government 28 J Defining Antisemitism 29 Jewish capitalist 14 How to Report Hate 31 Jewish communist 15 Conclusion 32 Introduction Antisemitism is the hatred of Jews. But it is not only a hatred and manifests itself in many different ways. It includes medieval blood libel claims rooted in Christianity and twentieth century conspiracy theories about Jewish control of the world economy. It encompasses Holocaust denial and distortion and virulent anti-Israel animus. It can exist in places where Jews are prominent and visible and in places where Jews themselves are entirely absent. It may be present in physical encounters at work or on the street or in the virtual world of the internet and social media. -
AJC's Glossary of Antisemitic Terms, Phrases, Conspiracies, Cartoons, Themes, and Memes
American Jewish Committee AJC's glossary of antisemitic terms, phrases, conspiracies, cartoons, themes, and memes. American Jewish Committee | The Translate Hate Glossary | November 2019 1 Table of Contents Introduction 3 I Illuminati 10 B blood libel 4 J Jew down 10 “Jewish features” 10 C Jewish figures 11 clannish 4 conspiracy theory 5 control 5 K Khazars 11 cowardice 6 kosher tax 12 creatures 6 N D New World Order 13 dual loyalty 6 P E Protocols of the Elders of Zion 13 (((echo))) 7 S G scapegoat 14 globalist 8 silencing 14 “The Goyim Know” 8 smirking merchant 15 greed 9 Z H Zionist 15 Holocaust denial 9 How to Report Hate 16 Conclusion 16 2 The Translate Hate Glossary Antisemitism is the hatred of Jews. But it manifests itself in so many ways. It includes medieval blood libel claims rooted in Christianity and twentieth century conspiracy theories about Jewish control of the world economy. It encompasses Holocaust denial and distortion and virulent anti-Israel animus. It can exist in places where Jews are prominent and visible and in places where Jews themselves are entirely absent. It may be present in physical encounters at work or on the street or in the virtual world of the internet and social media. But in order to combat antisemitism we must first understand it. And that means we must define it in all its forms and expressions, in ways both painfully evident and obscure. This glossary offers a comprehensive list of terms and expressions that will help you recognize antisemitism when you see it.