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Air Quality Lichen Monitoring at Three Selected Urban Areas in the Southern Serbia

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BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 7 (1) September 2016: 19-29 Stamenković, S. et al. Air quality lichen monitoring at three… 7 (1) • September 2016: 19-29 Original Article Received: 09 Mart 2016 Revised: 21 Mart 2016 Accepted: 01 June 2016 Air quality lichen monitoring at three selected urban areas in the Southern Serbia Slaviša Stamenković1*, Tatjana Djekić2, Svetlana Ristić1, Vladica Novković1, Tatjana Mitrović1, Marija Marković1 1University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia 2University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Geography, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Stamenković, S., Djekić, T., Ristić, S., Novković, V., Mitrović, T., Marković, M.: Air quality lichen monitoring at three selected urban areas in the Southern Serbia. Biologica Nyssana, 7 (1), September 2016: 19-29. The results of a study using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators, on teritory of three different urban areas in the Southern Serbia (Leskovac, Vlasotince, Lebane) are reported. The analysis of samples from 142 investigated points indicates presence of 53 lichens taxa. The aim of the study is to present the difference in air quality over a certain time interval. Using the Index of Atmospheric Purity- IAP values, it has been found that there are different air pollution zones: „normal“ zone, „struggle“ zone and „lichen desert“ zone. The comparison of the results obtained in 2002 and 2013 in Vlasotince indicates the presence of „normal“ zone in 2002 but, in 2013, the „normal zone“ area was completely replaced with the „struggle“ zone. In Leskovac, unlike the previous studies, a slightly narrowing “lichen desert" zone is noticed. In Lebane, there is a presence of all lichen zones. Key words: Biomonitoring, Serbia, Leskovac, Vlasotince, Lebane Apstrakt: Stamenković, S., Djekić, T., Ristić, S., Novković, V., Mitrović, T., Marković, M.: Lišajski monitoring kvaliteta vazduha određenih urbanih područja južne Srbije. Biologica Nyssana, 7 (1), Septembar 2016: 19- 29. Istraživanja kvaliteta vazduha korišćenjem lišaja kao bioindikatora sprovedena su na teritoriji tri različita urbana područja južne Srbije- Leskovac, Vlasotince i Lebane. Analiza uzoraka sa 142 istraživane tačke, ukazuje na prisustvo 53 lišajskih taksona. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da prikaže promene kvaliteta vazduha koje su nastale u određenom vremenskom periodu. Korišćenjem vrednosti indeksa atmosferske čistoće, konstantovano je prisustvo različitih zona zagađenja vazduha: „normalna“ zona, zona „borbe“ i zona „lišajske pustinje“. Poređenje rezultata dobijenih 2002. i 2013. godine u Vlasotincu, ukazuju na prisustvo „normalne“ zone u 2002. godini, međutim 2013. godine oblast „normalne“ zone je u potpunosti zamenjena zonom „borbe“. Na području Leskovca, razlika se ogleda u blagom suženju zone „lišajske pustinje“. U Lebanu je uočeno prisustvo sve tri zone lišajske indikacije. Key words: Biomonitoring, Srbija, Leskovac, Vlasotince, Lebane 19 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 7 (1) September 2016: 19-29 Stamenković, S. et al. Air quality lichen monitoring at three… Introduction Material and methods Sample location The air quality is getting worse all over the world. The strongest effects are felt in urban areas. Air The Southern Serbia includes Jablanica district. The pollution continuously increases, suggesting the need administrative centre of the district is the town of for timely detection, quantification and determination Leskovac, the biggest settlement in the Southern of levels of atmospheric pollution and introduction of Serbia. This is the town with around 65289 monitoring system. Biological monitoring is based inhabitants. The mean annual temperature is 10.7 °C on the assumption that changes in the environment and the mean annual rainfall is 591.6 mm. The most affect the indicator organisms and these changes can frequent winds are north, northwest and south be effectively used as an early warning signal for (Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia). detecting of environmental changes (G a r t y , 2001). Leskovac has got a developed textile, chemical and Lichens are used in the biomonitoring studies pharmaceutical industry. because they are one of the most sensitive and The town of Vlasotince is located in the valuable biomonitors of atmospheric pollution southeastern part of Serbia, in the area of middle and (Sujetoviene , 2015). bottom basin of the river Vlasina. The town has a Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of population of 15882 people. The mean annual a fungus and an alga, usually either a cyanobacterium temperature is 11.8 °C and the mean annual rainfall or green algae. It is estimated that there are is 724.3 mm, which is much higher than in the approximately 25000 species of lichens surrounding towns. East – west is the most common (C h a p m a n , 2009). These unique organisms have a direction of movement of the winds (Republic number of specific properties and therefore can be Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia). used for different purposes. Changes in epiphytic lichen diversity are used as indicators of environmental conditions and have been widely applied in air quality assessments and monitoring programs around the world (L l o p et al., 2012). They are very good indicators of air quality. In the last decade of the twentieth century, a more intense use of epiphytic lichens as bioindicators on the territory of the Republic of Serbia began (M i l i ć , 1980; S a v i ć , 1991; 1997; 1998; Stamenković , 1992; M i l i ć & B l a ž e n č i ć , 1993; T o d o r o v i ć , 1995; C v i j a n et al., 1995; 1997; 2008; Stamenković , 1995; 1996; 1997; 1998; 2002; C v i j a n & Stamenković , 1996a; 1996b; S t a n k o v i ć et al., 1999; P e j č i n o v i ć , 2000; Stamenković & C v i j a n , 2002; 2003; 2004; 2010; Stamenković et al., 2010; 2012; Stamenković et al., 2013a; 2013b; J e v t i ć , 2013; N o v k o v i ć , 2013). This research is intended to present the results of the air quality on selected urban ecosystems and Fig. 1. Geographical position of investigated region - contribute the knowledge in biogeography and investigation region is framed. diversity of lichens on the territory of the Republic of Serbia and create the basis for the evaluation of The town of Lebane is an area which is lichens as indicators of the investigated urban characterized by extremely poor infrastructure, territory. This is of great importance because there financial, economic and human resources. This is a are no continuous physical and chemical small town having about 9272 inhabitants. The measurements of air quality in these areas and this climate is moderate continental. The mean annual kind of monitoring is the only indicator of the air temperature is 10.2 °C and the mean annual rainfall quality in urban conditions in the selected territory. in the vegetation period is 349 mm. The highest mean 20 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 7 (1) September 2016: 19-29 Stamenković, S. et al. Air quality lichen monitoring at three… Table 1. Substrates in the three different surveys (the cells are filled with serial number of the investigated points) Location and time of collection Supstrate (Plant Vlasotince Vlasotince Leskovac Lebane species) 2002 2013 2002 2013 Acer campestre ͞ ͞ 1 ͞ Carpinus betulus ͞ 2 ͞ ͞ Fraxinus excelsior ͞ ͞ 6, 29, 35 ͞ Fraxinus sp. ͞ ͞ ͞ 7 Juglans regia 2, 5, 8, 10, 11 7 3, 4, 11, 21, 22 6, 9 Malus domestica ͞ 10, 11, 13 15, 23 ͞ Morus alba ͞ ͞ 18, 34 17 Platanus acerifolia ͞ ͞ 33 ͞ Populus alba 1 ͞ ͞ ͞ Populus deltoides 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16 1, 4 5, 10, 19, 25, 30, ͞ 32, 36, 39 Prunus armeniaca ͞ ͞ 8, 13 ͞ Prunus avium ͞ 3, 12 20, 24 10 Prunus domestica 3 8, 14 ͞ 4, 12, 16, 18, 19, 22 Pyrus communis ͞ ͞ 12, 28, 31 ͞ Quercus ceris ͞ ͞ ͞ 1, 2, 3, 8, 11, 14, 15, 24 Robiania pseudoacacia ͞ ͞ 7, 27 13, 20 Tilia argentea ͞ ͞ ͞ ͞ Tilia plathyphyllos 12, 15 5, 6, 9 ͞ ͞ Tilia sp. ̶ ̶ ͞ 5, 21, 23 wind speed from the north-northwest is 3.5 m/s, and The Voucher specimens of the lichens were the least is 1 m/s, from the northeast direction determined and deposited in the lichenological (Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia). herbarium (under designation L; 1-9 HMN) of the Bioindication of air quality using lichens, as Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of well as the physical and chemical measuring of air Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia. pollution have not been done in Lebane until now. Determination of collected lichen species was Bioindication in Vlasotince was made in 2002 and done by using a few sources (D o b s o n , 2005; now. W i r t h , 1995). Determination of plant species was The Institute of Public Health in Leskovac done by using “Flora of Serbia” (Jos i f o v i ć , ed., controls physicochemical measuring of the level of 1970-1977). The nomenclature of plant species follows air pollution since 2004. Bioindication of air Euro+Med Plant Base (http://www.emplantbase.org). pollution in Leskovac was made in 2002 and 2008. Method description Sample collection The method of lichen indication of air quality means Epiphytic lichens are determined and collected identifying, collecting, detecting and mapping the from the bark of various species of trees at the level lichens and calculation of the Index of Atmospheric of 1.5- 2 m above the ground, exclusively from the Purity (IAP) and it is based on determination of the trunks angled no higher than 5º.
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    9/30/2021 Maps, analysis and statistics about the resident population Demographic balance, population and familiy trends, age classes and average age, civil status and foreigners Skip Navigation Links SERBIA / Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije / Province of Jablanicka oblast / VLASOTINCE Powered by Page 1 L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH SERBIA Municipalities BOJNIK Stroll up beside >> LEBANE CRNA TRAVA LESKOVAC MEDVEDJA VLASOTINCE Provinces Powered by Page 2 BORSKA NISAVSKA L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin OBLAST OBLAST Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH BRANICEVSKA SERBIAPCINJSKA OBLAST OBLAST JABLANICKA PIROTSKA OBLAST OBLAST PODUNAVSKA OBLAST TOPLICKA OBLAST ZAJECARSKA OBLAST Regions Beogradski Region region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije Region Vojvodine Municipality of Vlasotince Territorial extension of Municipality of VLASOTINCE and related population density, population per gender and number of households, average age and incidence of foreigners TERRITORY DEMOGRAPHIC DATA (YEAR 2019) Region Juzne i Region Istocne Inhabitants (N.) 27,242 Srbije Families (N.) 0 Jablanicka Province Males (%) 50.1 oblast Females (%) 49.9 Jablanicka Sign Province oblast Foreigners (%) 0.0 Powered by Page 3 Hamlet of the Average age L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin 0 43.7 municipality (years) Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH Surface SERBIA(Km2) 307.91 Average annual variation -1.10 Population density 88.5 (2014/2019) (Inhabitants/Kmq) ^ Balance of nature = Births - Deaths ^ Migration balance = Registered - Deleted Rankings Municipality of vlasotince is on 21° place among 53 municipalities in region by demographic size is on 74° place among 169 municipalities in SERBIA by demographic size is on 91° place among 169 municipalities in SERBIA per average age Fractions Address Contacts Serbia AdminStat 41124 Via M.
  • Serbia 2Nd Periodical Report

    Serbia 2Nd Periodical Report

    Strasbourg, 23 September 2010 MIN-LANG/PR (2010) 7 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Second periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter SERBIA The Republic of Serbia The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages The Second Periodical Report Submitted to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe Pursuant to Article 15 of the Charter Belgrade, September 2010 2 C O N T E N T S 1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………6 2. Part I …………………………………………………………………………………12 2.1. Legislative and institutional changes after the first cycle of monitoring of the implementation of the Charter …………………………………………………….12 2.1.1. Legislative changes ……………………………………………………….12 2.1.2. The National Strategy for the Improvement of the Status of Roma ……..17 2.1.3. Judicial Reform …………………………………………………………...17 2.1.4. Establishment of the Ministry of Human and Minority Rights …………..23 2.2. Novelties expected during the next monitoring cycle of the implementation of the Charter …………………………………………………………………………….24 2.2.1. The Census ………………………………………………………………..24 2.2.2. Election of the national councils of the national minorities ……………...26 2.3. Implementation of the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (RecChL(2009)2) 28) …………………………………………29 2.4. Activities for the implementation of the box-recommendation of the Committee of Experts with regard to the implementation of the Charter ………………………...33 3. PART II Implementation of Article 7 of the Charter ……………………………..38 3.1. Information on the policy, legislation and practice in the implementation of Part II - Article 7 of the Charter ……………………………………………………………..38 3.1.1.
  • (01-2021) Support to Lsgs in Implementa on of Social Protec On

    (01-2021) Support to Lsgs in Implementa on of Social Protec On

    Social Inclusion Sector Public Call (01-2021) Support to LSGs in Implementaon of Social Protecon Services as Adequate Response to Covid-19 Consequences 1. Background The “Enhancing Good Governance and Social Inclusion at Local Level in Serbia” Programme (Swiss PRO) will improve local capacies primarily in 99 local self-governments in Šumadija and Western Serbia, and South and 1 Eastern Serbia regions to apply good governance (GG) principles in local policies and regulaons and thus increase social cohesion. The Government of Switzerland has allocated USD 6.9 million for the Programme, with the United Naons Office for Project Services (UNOPS) responsible for its implementaon, in cooperaon with the Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalies (SCTM). The Programme has to fulfil two main goals: 1. To contribute to the enhancement of organisaons and officials’ knowledge and skills 2. To posively change the scope and quality of public services rendered to cizens, especially to those from vulnerable groups. Both goals will lead to improved regulaons, instuonal, technical and human capacies for the enhancement of e-services. In addion, capacity building will be provided to local civil society organisaons (CSOs) as well as instuons dealing with social inclusion and gender equality. Overall, this will contribute to the improved rule of law at the local level, increased accountability, transparency and efficiency and effecveness of the local governments (LSGs), and ulmately improvement of quality of life of cizens, especially vulnerable cizens. The Programme will coordinate its acvies with the key line-naonal-level instuons while observing the naonal strategies, laws and relevant development documents, which will contribute to sustainability, ensure naonal ownership and develop naonal capacies.