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Reducing Air Emissions Through Alternative Transportation Strategies

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Reducing Air Emissions Through Alternative Transportation Strategies Reducing Air Emissions Through Alternative Transportation Strategies New Jersey Clean Air Council Public Hearing April 8, 2014 Hearing Chair: Sara Bluhm Clean Air Council Chair: Joseph Constance Editor: Melinda Dower NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 1 New Jersey Clean Air Council Members Joseph Constance, Chairman Kenneth Thoman,Vice-Chairman Leonard Bielory, M.D. Sara Bluhm Manuel Fuentes-Cotto, P.E. Michael Egenton Mohammad “Ferdows” Ali, Ph.D. Howard Geduldig, Esq. Toby Hanna, P.E. Robert Laumbach, M.D. Pam Mount Richard E. Opiekun, Ph.D. James Requa, Ed.D. Nicky Sheats, Esq., Ph.D. Joseph Spatola, Ph.D. New Jersey Clean Air Council Website http://www.state.nj.us/dep/cleanair NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 2 Table of Contents Page I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 4 II. OVERVIEW ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 III. RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………………….……… 10 IV. SUMMARY OF TESTIMONY† ………………………………………………….…… 14 A. Jim Appleton ………………………………………………..……….…… 14 B. Daniel Birkett ………………………………………………………….… 14 C. Andy Swords ……………………………………….…………………... 14 D. Matt Solomon ……………………………………………………………. 15 E. Julie Becker …………………………………………………..……..…... 16 F. Robert Gibbs, Esq. ………………………………….………………..….. 16 G. William Wells ………………………………………..………………..…. 17 H. Mark Giuffre …………………………………………………………….. 17 I. Jane Kozinski, Asst. Commissioner, NJDEP ……………………………. 18 J. Chuck Feinberg …………………………………………………………. 19 K. Raymond Albrecht, P.E. …………………………………………………. 19 L. Nicky Sheats, Ph.D., Esq.………………………………………………… 20 M. John Iannarelli ……………………………………………………….…. 20 N. Albert Venezio …………………………………………………………... 20 O. Derek Whaley ……………………………………………………………. 21 V. LIST OF ACRONYMS …………………………………………………………….….. 22 VI. HISTORY OF THE CLEAN AIR COUNCIL …………………………..…………… 24 † NOTE: Speakers have either provided their own testimony summary, or have reviewed and approved their testimony summation as written by Clean Air Council staff. NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 3 I. INTRODUCTION The New Jersey Clean Air Council (CAC or The Council) is a statutorily created advisory body that provides ongoing input and recommendations to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) on air quality issues. The CAC conducts annual public hearings that highlight the most pressing air quality issues affecting New Jersey. After considering the testimony received at the April 8, 2014 hearing, the CAC has prepared this report with specific recommendations for presentation to the Commissioner of the NJDEP. The NJDEP will make the report available to the public. For 2014, we are pleased to present our report entitled, “Reducing Air Emissions Through Alternative Transportation Strategies.” Although New Jersey has made great strides in achieving both national and State air quality standards, the effects of a changing climate can potentially reverse some of this progress. We are experiencing higher temperature trends and other changing weather patterns that can complicate the State’s ability to maintain air quality standards and protect public health. The potential air quality impacts of climate change include a 2-8 ppb increase in summertime average ground level ozone, lengthening of the ozone season, exacerbation of ozone levels on already high ozone days, and increases in particle pollution within the State. In addition to changes in ambient levels of chemical air pollutants, climate change is anticipated to increase concentrations of allergenic pollen. These changes in air quality have the potential to adversely affect the respiratory and cardiovascular health of NJ residents. The air quality impacts cited above can have a wide range of health consequences on all sectors of the State’s population. Increases in ozone and other pollutants can cause and aggravate lung and cardiovascular diseases, lead to increased cancer incidence, and increase numbers of premature deaths. Also, changes in temperature, precipitation, and pollution levels can exacerbate pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma and allergies, particularly in children and the elderly. Other especially vulnerable populations may include Environmental Justice communities, i.e., low-income communities and communities of color, and the chronically ill. Due to their importance and complexity, the above-cited issues urgently require planning and action at multiple levels of government. The goal of the 2014 Clean Air Council public hearing was to identify and better understand these critical issues as a basis for recommendations for a comprehensive action plan. II. OVERVIEW Transportation contributes 50% of NJ’s ozone, 30% of NJ’s fine particulate matter, and approximately 42% of NJ’s greenhouse gas inventory (see www.nj.gov/dep/sage/ce-ggi.html), making it the largest contributor to our state’s air pollution health risks. Although state government has several ongoing efforts to reduce emissions from mobile sources, additional strategies will need to be implemented to meet current and future air quality standards. NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 4 Transportation and Climate Initiative New Jersey is a member of the Transportation and Climate Initiative (TCI) which is a regional collaboration of eleven Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States, plus Washington, DC. The overall goal of the TCI is to develop the clean energy economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. One of the early major accomplishments of TCI was implementing a Federal planning grant for the launch of the Northeast Electric Vehicle Network in late 2011. Through the Northeast Electric Vehicle Network, northeastern states are laying the groundwork for the region to lead the way in the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs), capturing the many economic, jobs, and environmental benefits associated with EVs. Participating states are also engaging in important planning work to remove barriers to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and ensure that public charging stations are placed in strategic locations that both maximize usage and facilitate interstate travel. As seen in the figure below, according to the most recent publicly available data, there are currently 120 electric charging stations throughout New Jersey, with more being made available on a regular basis. There are websites such as http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_locations.html that provide up-to-date information on the types of electric chargers available at locations all over the U.S. NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 5 NJ Clean Car Program In January 2004, New Jersey enacted the Clean Car Program under N.J.S.A. 26:2C-8.15 et seq. requiring the NJDEP to adopt rules implementing the California Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) program to reduce criteria pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases emitted by motor vehicles throughout the state. The duly adopted rules required that, beginning with model year 2009, all new vehicles delivered for sale in New Jersey meet California emission standards. In addition, manufacturers are required to offer for sale a mix of zero, or partial zero emission vehicles in New Jersey (e.g., battery electric or plug-in hybrids) or use credits from early introduction of such vehicles. All manufacturers met their obligations in 2012 and 2013. As shown by the chart below, for the model year 2013, manufacturers reported that they sold or delivered for sale in NJ nearly 200,000 vehicles that meet very stringent tailpipe standards. This represented approximately 30% of new car sales. 250,000 battery electric or neighborhood electric 200,000 plug-in hybrid conventional hybrid 150,000 partial zero- emission vehicle 100,000 50,000 0 Pre-2004 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Existing Incentives for Electric Vehicles in NJ Legislation enacted in New Jersey in January 2004 provides a sales tax exemption for the purchase or lease of a new or used zero emission vehicle (ZEV), that is a battery-powered or fuel-cell powered vehicle certified pursuant to the California Air Resources Board zero emission standards for the model year. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are also exempt from Motor Vehicle Commission emission inspections, since they do not have internal combustion engines. And, of course, they require no fill-ups beyond overnight or other charging. NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 6 The following graphs show that the per capita rates of EV adoption in the US and NJ are similar, although still quite low: Cumulative Electric Vehicle Registrations in US Data Source: InsideEVs.com Cumulative Electric Vehicle Registrations in New Jersey Data Source: R.L. Polk, Co. NJ CAC 2014 Hearing Report Page | 7 Natural Gas Infrastructure and Vehicles The NJ Clean Cities Coalition (NJCCC) is a non-profit organization incorporated in the state of New Jersey for the promotion of education related to the development and use of alternative fuels, alternative fueled vehicles, and the appropriate related infrastructure. The NJ Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicle and Infrastructure Project used $15 million in federal grants to leverage another $34 million in non-federal funds to convert 305 vehicles to CNG and build 6 fuel stations. Fleet owners have since continued the transition by purchasing additional CNG vehicles. Federal Vehicle Efficiency Standards Increasing By 2025, USEPA Tier 3 standards will require automakers to produce cars and light trucks that achieve the equivalent of 54.5 miles per gallon on average. By 2018, heavy-duty truck standards will mandate that this class be approximately 10-20 percent more efficient. These
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