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Identifying Abiotic and Biotic Factors Associated with Leedy's Roseroot

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Identifying Abiotic and Biotic Factors Associated with Leedy's Roseroot Identifying Abiotic and Biotic Factors Associated with Leedy’s Roseroot (Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. leedyi (Rosend. & J.W. Moore) Kartesz) at Glenora Cliffs, Glenora, New York by Kali Z. Mattingly Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/432994/pdf/10_3996022018-jfwm-010_s12 by guest on 01 October 2021 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York May 2016 Approved: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology _________________________________ ________________________________ Donald J. Leopold, Department Chair Douglas Morrison, Chair & Major Professor Examining Committee ________________________________ S. Scott Shannon, Dean The Graduate School ProQuest Number: 10130756 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/432994/pdf/10_3996022018-jfwm-010_s12 by guest on 01 October 2021 The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10130756 Published by ProQuest LLC (2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several people have been fundamental in the completion of this thesis. I thank my major professor, Don Leopold, for the opportunity to join his lab and for his guidance over the past two years. I am grateful to John Wiley for initiating this project and seeing it through its conclusion. I thank Russ Briggs for feedback on soils and statistics. Thanks to Joel Olfelt for sharing his wealth of knowledge on Leedy’s roseroot and for letting me accompany his field crew in Minnesota. Thanks also to Phil Delphey and Cheryl Mayer for helping me access the western populations of Leedy’s roseroot. I am thankful for the landowners who allowed me to work on their property, especially Jeff and Laurie Morris, Sayre Fulkerson and family, and Boyd Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/432994/pdf/10_3996022018-jfwm-010_s12 by guest on 01 October 2021 McDowell. For their facilitation of side projects, I thank Danny Fernando and Terry Ettinger. Census data for Chapter 2 was provided by Steve Young and the New York Natural Heritage Program. Data for Chapter 3 was collected by Frances Delaney in 2012 and by Jacob Peregrim in 2013, and this thesis would be incomplete without their contributions. I am thankful for those who assisted me with fieldwork: Chloe Blaisdell, Josh Crane, Baylee Earl, Gavan Greco, Brianna Rosamilia, Justin Vargas, and especially Mason Clark. For teaching me how to rappel I am grateful to Syracuse University Outing Club and Nick Whites. I thank the Leopold lab for their daily support: Grete Bader, Kay Hajek, Kristen Haynes, James Johnson, Catherine Landis, Toby Liss, Alex Petzke, Jess Seville, Robert Smith, and Justine Weber. I am also grateful to the members of Ecolunch for sharing their exciting research every week and for their feedback on my own project, especially Monica Berdugo, Martin Dovciak, Greg McGee, Luka Negoita, and Jay Wason. Thank you to my mother and father, Anita and Bryan Mattingly, and my grandmothers, Lynne Mattingly and Ninette Amis, all retired schoolteachers who collectively taught for 130 years and worked with at least 100,000 young people. I am thankful I got to be their student, too. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, SUNY-ESF, the Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation, the Alpha Lambda Delta Christine Conway Fellowship, the Alpha Omicron Pi Nu Iota Scholarship, and the New York Flora Association Grant. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... v LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ viii Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/432994/pdf/10_3996022018-jfwm-010_s12 by guest on 01 October 2021 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THESIS ............................................................................. 1 Rarity .................................................................................................................................. 1 Study Species ..................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of Thesis ............................................................................................................... 9 Study Area ....................................................................................................................... 10 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2: POPULATION TRENDS AND ABIOTIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEEDY’S ROSEROOT IN NEW YORK STATE ...................................................................... 16 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 16 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 16 Methods............................................................................................................................ 19 Results .............................................................................................................................. 27 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 34 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 45 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................ 45 CHAPTER 3: BIOTIC FACTORS AND IMPACT OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES JAPANESE KNOTWEED ON LEEDY’S ROSEROOT IN NEW YORK STATE ....................................... 53 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 53 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 53 Methods............................................................................................................................ 57 Results .............................................................................................................................. 66 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 74 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 83 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................ 84 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION TO THESIS ............................................................................... 91 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................ 94 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 95 VITA .......................................................................................................................................... 105 iii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1.1 - Summary of demographic and ecological information for Leedy’s roseroot populations. Functionally extinct population at Watkins Glen, NY, omitted. Total and effective population sizes for: Whitewater WMA, Simpson Cliffs, and Deer Creek based on census and harmonic mean demographic data from Ejupovic (2015); Glenora Cliffs and Bear Creek from Olfelt et al. (1998) census. Population sizes for Glenora Falls from USFWS (1998), Harney Peak from Cheryl Mayer (pers. comm.). Site characteristics from USFWS (1998) and pers. obs. ....... 2 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-supplement/432994/pdf/10_3996022018-jfwm-010_s12 by guest on 01 October 2021 Table 2.1 - Summary of response variables, explanatory variables, and random effects included in models for census data ............................................................................................................. 23 Table 2.2 - Summary of response variables (Y), explanatory variables (X), and random effects (ai) included in models for: A) Leedy’s roseroot abiotic factor characterization, B) changes in temperature over time, C) cliff face abiotic factor characterization
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