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Notes and References Notes and References 1 The Growth of Trade, Trading Networks and Mercantilism in Pre-colonial South-East Asia I. Victor B. Lieberman, 'Local integration and Eurasian analogies: structuring South­ East Asian history c.1350-c.l830', Modem Asian Studies, 27, 3 (1993) p. 477. 2. Ibid., p. 480. 3. Victor B. Lieberman, Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c./580-1760 (Princeton, 1984) p. 21. 4. James C. Ingram, Economic Change in Thailand 1850-1970 (Stanford, 1971) p. 12. 5. Sompop Manarungsan, The Economic Development of Thailand 1850-1950: Re­ sponse to the Challenge of the World Economy (Bangkok, 1989) p. 32. 6. Lieberman (1993) p. 500. 7. Anthony Reid, 'Economic and social change c.l400-1800', in Nicholas Tarling (ed.) The Cambridge History of South-East Asia, from Early Times to c./800, vol. I (Cambridge, 1992) pp. 481-3. For a stimulating study of how Dutch intervention and the native Islamic reform movements eroded indigenous capital­ ist development in coffee production, see C. Dobbin, Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy: Central Srw~atra 1784-1847 (London, 1983). 8. Anthony Reid, 'The origins of revenue farming in South-East Asia', in John Butcher and Howard Dick (eds) The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming: Busi­ ness Elites and the Emergence of the Modern State in South-East Asia (London, 1993) pp. 70-1. 9. Anthony Reid, 'The seventeenth century crisis in South-East Asia', Modern Asian Studies 24 (October 1990) pp. 642-5; Denys Lombard and Jean Aubin (eds) Marc/rands et hommes d'affaires asiatiques dans /'Ocean lndien et Ia Mer de Chine, 13e-20e sitkles (Paris, 1988). I 0. Reid (1990) pp. 642-5. II. Reid (1992) pp. 476-7. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid., pp. 482-3. 14. See Reid (1993). 15. M. C. Ricklefs, A History of Modenr Indonesia (London, 1981), p. 68. 16. Reid (1993) p. 78. 17. Ibid. 18. Reid ( 1992) p. 465. 19. Om Prakash, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Benga/1630- 1720 (Princeton, 1985) p. 143; Sinappah Arasaratnam, Merchants, Companies am/ Commerce on the Coromandel Coast, 1650-1740 (New Delhi, 1986) pp. 134-5. 20. Robert Leroy Innes, 'The door ajar: Japan's foreign trade in the 17th century' (Ph.D., University of Michigan, 1980) pp. 322-53, 376-432. For further examples of seventeenth century prosperity see James Francis Warren, The Sulu Zone 1768-1898 (Singapore, 1981); Lieberman (1993) p. 492. 21. Reid ( 1992) p. 491. 22. Ibid., p. 501. 258 Notes and References 259 23. Ibid. 24. Reid (1992) p. 492. 25. Ibid. 26. R. Z. Leirissa, 'Raja Jailolo dan Masyarakat Halmahera. Studitentang Sejarah Masyarakat Maluku Utara' (Ph.D., Universitas Indonesia, 1990); R. Z. Leirissa, 'Changing maritime trade patterns in the Scram Sea' (Paper for Fifth Dutch Indonesian History Conference, Laagevuursche, 23-27 June 1986). 27. Much of this discussion on Indian trading networks is based on Arasaratnam (1986); K. N. Chaudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company 1660-1760 (Cambridge, 1978). 2!l. Sinappah Arasaratnam, 'Islamic merchant communities of the Indian sub-continent in South-East Asia' (The Sixth Sri Lanka Endowment Fund Lecture at the Uni­ versity of Malaya, II October 1989) p. 6. 29. Ibid., p. 7. 30. Ibid. 31. Ibid., p. 18. 32. Arasaratnam (1986) p. 147. 33. Arasaratnam ( 1989) p. 17. 34. Ibid., p. 16. 35. For an excellent analysis of kongsis see Wang Tai Peng, 'The origins of the Kongsi with special reference to West Borneo' (M.A., Australian National Uni­ versity, 1977). 36. Reid ( 1992) p. 496. 37. Ibid., pp. 486-7. 38. Ibid. 39. Leonard Y. Andaya, 'Interactions with the outside world and adaptation in South East Asian society 1500-1800', in Nicholas Tarling (ed.) The Cambridge History of Solllh East Asia, from Early Times to c.1800, vol. I (Cambridge, 1992) p. 355. 40. For a quantitative study of the impact of the Dutch on Indonesia sec Niels Steensgaard, The Asian Trade Revolution of the Seventeemh Cemury (Chicago, 1973); Kristof Glamann, Dlllch-Asiatic Trade 1620-1740 (The Hague, 1958); J. R. Bruijn, F. S. Gaastra and I. Schoffer, Dlllch Asiatic Shipping in the 17th and 18th Centuries, 3 vols (The Hague, 1979-87). 41. Reid ( 1990) pp. 653-4. 42. Ibid. 43. Ricklefs ( 1981) pp. 105-6. 44. J. Kathirithamby-Wells, 'The age of transition: the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries', in Nicholas Tarling (ed.) The Cambridge History of South­ East Asia, from Early Times to c.1800, vol. I (Cambridge, 1992), p. 603. 45. Chaudhuri (1978). 46. The relationship between English and Indian merchants is covered in Chaudhuri (1978) pp. 141-51; Amiya Kumar Bagchi, Private Investment in India 1900-39 (Cambridge, 1972), pp. 196-216. 47. Chaudhuri (1978) chapters 10-17. 48. Arasaratnam ( 1989) p. 19. 49. Arasaratnam (1986) p. 147. 50. David K. Wyatt, Thailand: A Short History (New Haven, 1982) pp. 110-11; Ishii Yonco, 'Thai-Japanese relations in the premodern period: a bibliographi­ cal essay with special reference to Japanese sources', in Chawat Khamchoo and Bruce Reynolds (eds) Thai-Japanese Relations in Historical Perspective (Bangkok, 1988) pp. 1-6. 51. Innes ( 1980) pp. 376-432. 260 Notes and References 52. John E. Wills, 'China's farther shores: continuities and changes in the destina­ tion ports of China's maritime trade 1680-90', in Roderick Ptak and Dietmar Rothermund (eds) Emporia, Commodities and Entrepreneurs in Asian Maritime Trade c./400-1750 (Stuttgart, 1991) p. 76. 53. John Crawfurd, Joumal of an Embassy to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China (London, 1828, reprinted Kuala Lumpur, 1967); Ng Chin Keong, Trade and Society: The Amoy Network on the China Coast 1683-1735 (Singapore, 1983); John E. Wills (1991). 54. Reid ( 1992) pp. 500-4. 2 Structural Change in Rural South-East Asia I. Victor B. Lieberman, 'Local integration and Eurasian analogies: structuring South­ East Asian history c.l350-c.l830', Modern Asian Swdies, 27, 3, (1993) 499. 2. Nguyen Thanh-Nha, Tableau Economique du Vietnam aux XV 11 et XVJJJ siec/es (Paris, 1970) pp. 53, 115, 150. ). James C. Ingram, Economic Change in Thailand 1850-1970 (Stanford, 1971) pp. 7-16; see also, Yoneo Ishii (ed.) Thailand: A Rice Growing Society (Hono­ lulu, 1975) pp. 3-14. 4. Anthony Reid, 'Economic and social change, 1400-1800', in Nicholas Tarling (eel.) The Cambridge History of South-East Asia, from Early Times to c./800, vol. I (Cambridge, 1992) pp. 500-1. 5. Lieberman (1993) p. 501; Nguyen Thanh-Nha (1970) p. 229. 6. S. Viraphol, Tribute and Profit: Sino Siamese Trade, 1652-1853 (Cambridge, Mass, 1977) pp. 73, 104; Ingram (1971) pp. 8-9, 23--4. 7. Lieberman (1993) pp. 502, 504, 505; Ishii (1975) pp. 3-14; Nguyen Thanh-Nha ( 1970) pp. 50-7; M. C. Ricklefs, A Iii story of Modem indonesia (1981) chapter 7; A. Reid, 'An age of commerce in South-East Asian history', Modem Asian Studies, 24, I (1990) pp. 1-30. 8. John A. Larkin, 'Philippine history reconsidered: a socio-economic perspective', American 1/istorica/ Review, 87 (1982) p. 602. 9. J. A. Larkin, The Pampangans: Colonial Society in a Philippine Province (Berkeley, 1972). 10. Alfred W. McCoy, 'A queen dies slowly: the rise and decline of Iloilo City', in Ed C. de Jesus and Alfred W. McCoy (eds) Philippine Social History (Manila, 1982). II. Alfred W. McCoy, 'Sugar barons: formation of a native planter class in the colonial Philippines', Journal of Peasant Studies, 19 (April-July 1992) p. 112. 12. Ibid., p. 113. 13. Ibid., pp. 114-5. 14. Ibid., p. 116. 15. Ibid., p. 125. 16. Ibid., p. 126. 17. For a discussion on the Latin American frontier see, Marco Palacios, Coffee in Colombia 1850-1970: An Economic, Social and Political History (Cambridge, 1980); Joe Foweraker, The Struggle for Land: A Political Economy of the Pioneer Frontier Settlement in Brazil 1930 to the Present (Cambridge, 1981). 18. N. G. Owen, 'Philippine economic development and American policy: a reappraisal', in N. G. Owen (ed.) Compadre Colonialism: Studies on the Philippines under American Rule (Michigan, 1971) p. 105. 19. Ibid., p. 115. 20. Michael Adas, The Burma Delta: Economic Development and Social Change on m1 Asian Rice Frontier, 1852-1941 (Madison, 1974) p. 42. Notes and References 261 21. Ibid., p. 34. 22. Aye H1aing, 'Trends of economic growth and income distribution in Burma 1870- 1940', Journal of the Burma Research Society (JBRS) (June 1964). 23. M. S. I. Diokno, 'British firms and the economy of Burma with special reference to the rice and teak industries, 1917-37' (Ph.D., University of London, 1983) pp. 65, 69, 157. 24. Aye Hlaing (1964) p. 126; Adas (1974) pp. 118-9. 25. Adas (1974) p. 72. 26. Ibid., p. 118. 27. Ibid., p. Ill; Diokno (1983) p. 63. 28. Diokno (1983) p. 64. 29. Adas (1974) p. 188. 30. Aye Hlaing (1964) p. 96. 31. Adas (1974) pp. 75, 144. 32. Diokno (1983) p. 137. 33. Ingram (1971) p. 185. 34. Ibid., pp. 44-5. 35. Sompop Manarungsan, The Economic Developmetll of Thailand, 1850-1950: Response to the Challenge of the World Economy (Bangkok, 1989) p. 50. 36. Ibid.; Ingram (1971) p. 178. 37. Pannee Aunsakul, 'The development of domestic rice trade in the central region of Thailand, 1800-1938' (Ph.D., University of Bielefeld, 1990). 38. Thaveesilp Subvattana, 'Kanpalit lai kankhakao nai phak Klang B.E. 2411-2475' [Rice production and rice trade in central Thailand, 1868-1932] (M.A., Chulalong­ korn University, 1978) p. 101. 39. D. Feeny, The Political Eco11omy of Productivity: Thai Agricultural Develop­ mellt 1880-1975 (Vancouver, 1982) pp.
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