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Agro-Economic Policy Briefs

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Agro-Economic Policy Briefs Agro-EconomicAgro-Economic PolicyPolicy Briefs Briefs AidingAiding thethe FutureFuture of of India’s India’s Farmers Farmers and and Agriculture Agriculture OnOn CriticalCritical PolicyPolicy IssuesIssues inin India’sIndia’s AgriculturalAgricultural EconomyEconomy IssueIssue 14,15, December February 2020 2019 ContentsContents 1.1. RescuingChanging Sugarcane Patterns of Crop Turmeric throughProduction Drip in Irrigation Tamil Nadu in 2 Maharashtra 2 2. Effect of Imports on Domestic 2. Role of Non-Farm Sector in DoublingPrices of Pulses,Farmers’ Oilseeds Income and 3 Coconut 5 3. Causes of Low Productivity 3. ofPerformance Pome and Stoneof Pradhan Fruits inMantri HimachalFasal Bima Pradesh Yojana (PMFBY) in 7 Gujarat 7 4. Status of Dairying and Potential 4. toImplementation improve the Socio–Economic of Hail Status of Milk Producers in Protection Mechanism Schemes Assam 10 for Apple Crop in Himachal CompiledPradesh and Edited by 10 Centre for Management in (Photo Source: M, Govarthan, Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2RnSKzv) (Photo Source: www.bit.ly/32bW5WI) Agriculture (CMA), IndianCompiled Institute and Edited of Management by Centre for Management in Ahmedabad Agriculture (CMA), Contact:Indian Institute of Management Prof.Ahmedabad Poornima Varma Co-ordinator,Contact: or Prof.Prof. SukhpalRanjan Ghosh Singh ChairpersonCoordinator, orCMA, or NikitaProf. Sukhpal Pandey Singh ResearchChairperson Associate CMA, or ForFor kindkind attention attention of: of: [email protected] Johnson Phone:Research +91-79-6632-4651 Associate The Hon’ble Prime Minister’s Office, [email protected] The Hon’ble Prime Minister’s Office, Phone: +91-79-7152-4651 thethe Ministry Ministry of of Agriculture Agriculture and and Farmers’ Farmers’ Welfare, Welfare, Based on Research & andand all all others others interested interested ContributionsBased on Research of: &15 Agro- EconomicContributions Research of: 15 Agro- Centres andEconomic Units, Research supported Centres by Ministryand Units, of supported Agriculture by & Farmers’Ministry of Welfare Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare Changing Patterns of Turmeric Production in Tamil Nadu T. Priya, K. Jothi Sivagnanam Introduction Gopichettipalayam, Perunthurai, Kankeyam and • India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter Dharapuram. Both finger and bulb turmeric of turmeric in the world, and Indian turmeric is rhizomes are grown in Erode district. Of the two considered the best because of its high curcumin important varieties of turmeric - ChinnaNadan content. Tamil Nadu which once had 50% share in and PerumNadan, the Erode farmers grow turmeric production in the country, now occupies ChinnaNadan. The fertile soils: loamy red and black only the third position in both production and area soils, along with irrigation facility- results in a very under turmeric among all the states in India (after high yield of turmeric. The region is often called the Telangana and Maharashtra). Table 1 shows the ‘Manjal Maanagaram’ (Turmeric City). Turmeric is area under turmeric in Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 also cultivated in several other areas of Erode such to 2018-19. as Kangeyam, Annur, and Thodamuthur and the adjoining districts and, and this turmeric is widely • From the Table 1, we can see that the area under called “Erode Turmeric”. turmeric in Tamil Nadu has declined from 67,246 hectares in 2011-12 to 23,647 hectares in 2018-19. • The Erode Regulated Market, Erode Agricultural A major contributor to this decline is the decrease Producers Marketing Co-operative Society, Gobi in the turmeric cultivation in Erode district, which Agricultural Producers Marketing Co-operative contributed more than 60% of the production in the Society, and Open market are the major turmeric state. market channels in Erode. Coimbatore regulated market is also a marketing centre for Erode turmeric. Table 1: Area under Turmeric Cultivation in Tamil Under the APMC system, turmeric purchase from Nadu (2000-01 to 2018-19) (Ha.) here is permitted by any trader from across the country, and all the transactions are accounted for Year Area under the APMCs in the state. The traders or farmers 2000-01 33000 pay one percent of the market price of turmeric as 2001-02 23638 the market fee to APMC. More than 200 mandis are 2002-03 17298 involved in the trade of turmeric. 2003-04 16181 2004-05 21616 • As shown in Table 2, Erode district shows considerable 2005-06 25970 shift in area towards turmeric cultivation in 2016- 2006-07 30528 17 when compared to the previous year (2015-16). 2007-08 27303 However, the productivity shows a decline to 5.00 2008-09 29875 metric tonnes per hectare in 2016-17 from 5.17 2009-10 33366 metric tonnes per hectare during 2015-16. Low 2010-11 51446 yield is a major reason for the decline in turmeric 2011-12 67246 cultivation in Erode district. 2012-13 46151 Table 2: Area, Production and Productivity of 2013-14 31968 Turmeric in Erode District (2010-11 to 2014-15 26074 2016-17) 2015-16 29877 Production Productivity Year Area (Ha.) 2016-17 35795 (Tonnes) (Tonnes/Ha) 2017-18 25500 2010-11 14299 92564 6.547 2018-19 23647 2011-12 12857 65108 5.06 Source: Various issues of Season and Crop Report, Directorate of 2012-13 10929 46727 4.28 Economics and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu 2013-14 8179 40641 4.97 • Erode district stands first in both area and production 2014-15 6393 35035 5.57 of turmeric in Tamilnadu. It is one of the largest 2015-16 7969 41153 5.17 marketing centres for turmeric in the country. 2016-17 9473 47365 5 The crop is cultivated in all the seven talukas of Source: Various issues of Season and Crop Report, Directorate of Erode district: Erode, Sathiyamangalam, Bhavani, Economics and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu 2 • The officials of Erode turmeric regulated market expenses which are rising by 10% every year, and indicate that Erode district once had 25% of the hence, farmers are not getting good returns. In this turmeric production in the country. It is estimated scenario, only a price of at least Rs.10,000/- per that around 55 lakhs bags (one bag contains around quintal will give profits to the farmers. 80kgs of turmeric) that had come for sales during the year 2012 in the Erode turmeric market, but • Traders have a common complaint that the farmers drastically reduced to around 10 lakhs bags in 2013, have poor knowledge of grading and sorting of and presently, it has further declined to 6 lakhs bag. turmeric. The turmeric sacks frequently have over Despite this fact, the produce from Erode market is 5 percent stones and dust which result in rejection unique in comparison with any other markets across during exports. Else, traders have to spend extra the districts and the states. for repeating the cleaning/sorting process of the purchased turmeric before selling it to the processing units which adds to the costs. Findings • The spread of the varieties and seedlings to other • The shelf life of turmeric is generally around 12 states, especially Maharashtra has negatively months. The stocks often build up in anticipation affected the state producers. Use of this variety of better prices leading to stock accumulation, and resulted in excellent yields there, which has become then there is spoilage due to improper care and a competitor to the traditional areas such as Erode. poor storage conditions (See figure 3). An official of regulated market reported that of the stock in • The turmeric traders of Erode are purchasing the market, 80% are old stocks and only 20% is turmeric in both dry and wet form from the farmers. fresh produce. Often stocks as old as five years are However, a major portion of the trade (almost 90%) coming to the market for sales resulting in prices is in dry form of turmeric only. About 95% of the of only around Rs.5000/- per quintal based on the traders are supplying dry turmeric to the commercial quality. curry powder manufactures in India and abroad. Figure 3: Stocked Turmeric affected by pests • The content of curcumin in the turmeric, which is because of improper storage the medicinal content, determines the quality of the turmeric and this is in turn determined by the quality of soil and variety/seedlings. Erode turmeric has a curcumin content of 2.5 to 4.5 %. Traders prefer turmeric with high curcumin content given the demand in terminal markets. • The declining trend in the area and yield of the turmeric cultivation is a major problem for turmeric trading from Erode. Because of the high cost of cultivation with low returns, many turmeric farmers have shifted to more remunerative crops. Besides, Source: Field Survey, Agro Economic Research Centre, University of cultivation of turmeric is laborious compared to Madras, Chennai other crops and has a long duration of nine months, • The farmers are not aware of the pesticides to be and it also requires adequate water for production. used given the nature and intensity of the disease The decline in groundwater level is stated as and pests, which results in poor yield, high cost and another reason for reduced yields and production poor quality. of turmeric. • The turmeric farmers/traders want the government • The General Secretary of a trade union forum in to establish a special unit of the Spices Board Erode reported that the average cost of cultivation exclusively for turmeric at Erode, which can per acre for turmeric comes to Rs.1.80 lakh. Loan monitor and give input and information support to Assistance of Rs.71,000/- per acre for production farmers to improve both quality and quantity. Such of turmeric is provided by credit agencies which is interventions will help create a good demand for much lower than the production cost. Besides this, the produce in both domestic and international there are harvesting, cleaning and transportation markets. 3 • The cost of cultivation for organic turmeric is motivate the farmer to continue turmeric cultivation high when compared to that of conventional and bring new cultivators into it.
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