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INDICATORS Vol aq INDICATORS Vol. 2(2)(2020) INDICATORS Journal of Economics and Business http://indicators.iseisemarang.or.id/index.php/jebis ANALISIS EFISIENSI PRODUKSI DAN NILAI MATA RANTAI PEMASARAN SAYUR BUNCIS DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO (STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN KALIKAJAR) Aprilia Dewi Novita, Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Semarang Info Artikel Abstrak ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Sejarah Artikel: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1.) Menganalisis efisiensi produksi usahatani sayur buncis di Diterima Agustus 2020 Kabupaten Wonosobo 2.) Menganalisis nilai mata rantai pemasaran sayur buncis di Kabupaten Disetujui September 2020 Wonosobo khususnya di Kecamatan Kalikajar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Dipublikasikan Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purpossive Sampling dimana sampel yang November 2020 diambil berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Dimana diambil daerah penghasil sayur buncis ________________ terbanyak di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Keywords: fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglass dengan pendekatan Frontier Stokastik dan analisis marjin Production Efficiency, pemasaran. Untuk menghitung nilai efisiensi produksi dengan menggunakan Software Frontier 4.1. Production Factors, Hasil penelitian menunjukan semua faktor produksi berpengaruh positif terhadap produksi sayur Marketing Margin buncis dengan nilai efisiensi 0,998. Hasil menunjukan belum efisien secara teknis. sedangkan pada __________________ nilai marjin pemasaran, saaluran yang paling efektif digunakan adalah saluran Nol yaitu dengan presentase keuntungan untuk petani adalah sebesar 100%, hal ini lebih besar daripada saluran 1 dan saluran 2 yang memiliki nilai masing-masing 50% dan 25%. Abstract ________________________________________________________________ The aims of this research are 1.) To analyze the production efficiency of bean vegetable farming in Wonosobo Regency 2.) To analyze the value chain of bean vegetable marketing in Wonosobo Regency, especially in Kalikajar District. This research is descriptive quantitative. With the sampling technique using purposive sampling where the sample is taken based on certain considerations. Where the largest bean vegetable producing area is taken in Wonosobo Regency. The analytical tool used in this research is the Cobb-Douglass production function with a Stochastic Frontier approach and marketing margin analysis. To calculate the value of production efficiency using Frontier 4.1 Software. The results showed that all production factors had a positive effect on the production of green beans with an efficiency value of 0.998. The results show that it is not yet technically efficient. while on the marketing margin value, the most effective channel used is channel Zero, which is the percentage of profit for farmers is 100%, this is greater than channel 1 and channel 2 which have values ​ ​ of 50% and 25%, respectively. ©(2020), Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Indonesia – Cabang Semarang Alamat korespondensi: Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Semarang Gedung L1, Lantai 1, Kampus Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia 50229 Telp 0248508015 Email: [email protected] PENDAHULUAN 363 Aprilia D. N., Sucihatiningsih D. W. P./ INDICATORS Journal of Economics and Business Vol. 2(2)(2020) Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki sektor dimanfaatkan buah, biji dan daunnya. Nama pertanian yang cukup luas. Sektor pertanian buncis ini berasal dari Belanda yaitu boontjes. memiliki peran dalam pertumbuhan Sedangkan dalam bahasa latin memiliki istilah perekonomian baik tingkat daerah maupun (Phaseolus vulgaris L).Tanaman ini tergolong nasional, dimana dalam sektor ini monokotil atau berbiji tunggal, memiliki akar ppenyumbang APBD terbesa di Jawa Tengah. tunggang, sisi yang panjang dan memerlukan Sektor pertanian merupakan mata tiang untuk memanjat. Buncis memiliki pencaharian Penduduk Jawa Tengah dimana sumber serat, folat, mangan, serta vitamin C hal tersebut menjadikan Indonesia sebagai yang baik untuk tubuh. negara yang agraris. Dalam sektor pertanian Tabel 1. Data Produksi Buncis Provinsi terdapat 4 sub pertanian yaitu: Sub Jawa Tengah Tahun 2017-2019 Hortikultura, Sub Perkebunan, Sub Wilayah Produksi Buncis Tanaman Pangan, dan Sub Kehutanan. Kabupaten 2017 2018 2019 Sub sektor hortikultura merupakan seb sektor Jawa Tengah 335 887 363 650 315 142 yang banyak sekali dibudidayakan di beberapa wilayah di Jawa Tegah, seperti Kabupaten Kabupaten Temanggung, Kabupaten Boyolali, Kabupaten Wonosobo 59 255 78 947 61 102 Tegal, Kabupaten Wonosobo, Kabupaten Kabupaten Magelang, Kabupaten Pemalang, dan yang Magelang 49 804 52 374 56 511 lainnya. Namun, produktivitas pertanian Kabupaten hortikultura terbesar berada di Kabupaten Banjarnegara 58 230 59 155 52 153 Magelang, Kabupaten Wonosobo, dan Kabupaten Wonogiri. Kabupaten Sektor hortikultura memiliki peran yang Semarang 63 072 60 845 48 734 cukup penting dan strategis dalam Kabupaten Tegal 41 790 46 240 32 908 pembangunan nasional karena mampu Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jateng. memberikan kontribusi yang nyata, baik dalam penyediaan produk pangan, kesehatan, Dari data diatas Wonosobo merupakan kosmetika, perdagangan, penyerapan tenaga penghasil komoditas buncis terbesar di kerja dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Wonosobo merupakan Upaya-upaya diversifikasi pangan dan salah satu kabupaten dengan kondisi alam peningkatan gizi masyarakat berhubungan erat tersubur di Jawa Tengah, dengan kesuburaan dengan upaya peningkatan produksi tanaman tanahnya tersebut Kabupaten Wonosobo hortikultura. dapat menghasilkan hasil pertanian yang Dengan banyaknya tenaga kerja dan cukup berlimpah. Namun, dengan hasil yang luas lahan pertanian maka pemerintah perlu cukup berlimpah tersebut tidak menjadikan hadir dalam upaya untuk memecahkan Kabupaten Wonosobo sebagai daerah yang masalah dalam sektor pertanian seperti halnya tinggi PDRB nya karena hasil pertanian di produktivitas harga sayur. Jawa Tengah Kabupaten Wonosobo masih dijual dengan memiliki kondisi geografis yang berbeda beda, harga yang sangat rendah dibandingkan harga hampir seluruh wilayah di Jawa tengah pasar. Hal ini membuat angka kemiskinan di terletak didaerah pegunungan sehingga Kabupaten Wonosobo menduduki urutan Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki tanah yang kedua tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada subur sehingga dapat menghasilkan hasil tahun 2019 yaitu sebesar 16.63 % dibawah pertanian maupun perkebunan yang melimpah kabupaten Kebumen yang menduduki urutan seperti tanaman pangan, sayuran dan buah pertama yaitu 16.82%. Menurut data BPS buahan. Dengan melimpahnya hasil pertanian Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2019 kabupaten maka akan meningkatkan pendapatan suatu wonosobo memiliki PDRB sebesar 13 798 daerah melalui kontribusi sektor pertanian. 836,28 angka terkecil kedua dari PDRB Buncis merupakan sayuran sejenis kabupaten lainnya. polong yang sering kita temukan dan dapat 364 Aprilia D. N., Sucihatiningsih D. W. P./ INDICATORS Journal of Economics and Business Vol. 2(2)(2020) Tabel 2 Data Produksi Buncis Kabupaten Dalam meningkatkan pendapatan Wonosobo 2014-2018 petani maka diperlukan adanya kelembagaan. Kecamatan 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Kelembagaan yang terpola dan terstruktur Wadaslintang 234 0 0 0 0 secara terus menerus untuk memenuhi Kepil 48 0 85 189 263 kebutuhan anggota masyarakat yang terkait Sapuran 3032 6052 3145 2080 2236 erat dengan penghidupan dari bidang Kalibawang 123 0 0 0 0 pertanian di pedesaan. Dengan adanya Kaliwiro 0 0 0 0 0 kelembagaan tersebut petani dapat menjual Leksono 88 63 0 0 0 hasil panennya pada lembaga tersebut agar Sukoharjo 0 0 0 0 0 dijual dengan harga yang sedikit lebih mahal Selomerto 4823 5871 5452 5658 4234 dari pada ketika dijual kepda tengkulak. Kalikajar 23082 16584 24319 21791 22676 Dalam kehidupan komunitas petani, posisi Kertek 3849 4306 3427 1806 1061 Wonosobo 830 2984 2237 2356 3300 dan fungsi kelembagaan petani merupakan Watumalang 1615 2198 2134 2280 1931 bagian pranata sosial yang memfasilitasi Mojotengah 9992 8934 8848 7616 7784 interaksi sosial atau social interplay dalam Garung 20108 15557 11240 15479 35397 suatu komunitas. Kelembagaan pertani juga Kejajar 0 0 0 0 0 memiliki titik strategis (entry point) dalam Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik Wonosobo menggerakkan sistem agribisnis di pedesaan. Untuk itu segala sumberdaya yang ada di Tabel 2 merupakan data hasil panen pedesaan perlu diarahkan/diprioritaskan buncis selama lima tahun terakhir tahun 2014- dalam rangka peningkatan profesionalisme 2018 di kabupaten Wonosobo. Dari data dan posisi tawar petani (kelompok tani). Saat tersebut dapat kita lihat adanya fluktuasi hasil ini potret petani dan kelembagaan petani di panen buncis di beberapa kecamatan. Seperti Indonesia diakui masih belum sebagaimana yang terlihat dalam table Kecamatan Kalikajar yang diharapkan (Suradisastra, 2008). merupakan penghasil buncis terbesar di Dalam meningkatkan harga hasil Kabupaten Wonosobo pertanian maka produktivitas pertanian harus Kabupaten wonosobo memiliki luas didukung oleh seluruh aspek pertanian baik lahan pertanian yang sangat luas karena Pemerintah, Petani, Swasta dan lainnya. Kabupaten Wonosobo terletak di wilayah Produktivitas adalah kemampuan tanah untuk pegunungan. Namun, sebagian dari luas lahan menghasilkan produksi tanaman tertentu tersebut digunakan untuk wilayah perkebunan dalam pengolahan tanah tertentu. tembakau serta untuk budidaya tanaman
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