Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London

Elizabeth Macginnis

Date of Trial: 15 January 1817 Where Tried: London Gaol Delivery Crime: Receiving stolen property Sentence: 14 years Est YOB: 1775 Stated Age on Arrival: 43 Native Place: Dublin Occupation: Housekeeper Alias/AKA: Elizabeth MacGinnis/Mcguiness/Eliza Maggannis Marital Status (UK): Married – Daniel Macginnis Children on Board: 2 children Surgeon’s Remarks: Rather insolent but a good mother, humane Assigned NSW or VDL NSW

[While the bound indentures list Elizabeth with the surname ‘Macginnis’, other records refer to her by variants of that very ‘adaptable’ surname.] According to the Newgate prison records on 12 November 1816 Elizabeth Macginnis was committed for receiving stolen goods. Held on the same charge was Elizabeth’s husband, Daniel, while the person accused of the actual theft was young Louisa Ellen.1

The three were scheduled to appear at the Old Bailey on 10 December 1816 but only the trial of Louisa Ellen was heard on that day. She confessed to having stolen from her employer, adding that she had taken the stolen goods to Mrs. M’Ginnis who lived in Cloth-fair, and that Mrs. M’Ginnis had sold them for 2l 10s to a Jew, and had given Louisa the money. The value of the stolen goods was estimated at 39s and Miss Ellen was sentenced to transportation for seven years.2

Cloth Fair/Middle Street – home of Elizabeth Macginnis Gosnell Street to Cloth Fair3

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The Macginnis couple was placed on the call-over list and remanded until the next session.4

Daniel and Elizabeth had their day in court on 15 January 1817. 206. DANIEL MACGINNIS and ELIZA MACGINNIS were indicted, for feloniously receiving on the 29th of October, twenty-one yards of woollen cloth, value 18l., the goods of William Prosser, which Louisa Ellen, at the gaol delivery of Newgate, holden for the county of Middlesex, on the 4th of December, was convicted of stealing; they well knowing them to have been stolen. WILLIAM PROSSER. I live in Goswell-street. I had a servant of the name of Louisa Ellen, who was convicted of stealing my cloth. I accompanied Vann, the officer, to the prisoner’s house, in Middle-street, Cloth-fair, on the 3d of November; the prisoner, Eliza Macginnis was at home; she had a handkerchief on her neck, which I recognized to be the same pattern, as one of Ellen’s gowns. I asked her what she had done with my blue superfine cloth, and if she had any. She at first said, she knew nothing about it. The prisoner, Thomas [sic] Macginnis was present; I told her I knew she had some, and that I had got proof of it. She told me to search the premises. I found nothing. I asked her about the handkerchief. She said, it was a small remnant that she had bought in Field- lane. I told her she must go with us. She lives in a small room, with a bed in it, and sells greens; when I got her to the watchhouse, I confronted Ellen, who was in custody, with her. Eliza Macginnis said, she knew nothing about Ellen. Ellen said she was the woman who gave her 2l. 10s. for the cloth. Eliza Macginnis then said, she would tell the whole truth, and that she had given her 2l. 10s. for the last quantity of cloth. Ellen said, it was for nine or ten yards; which would be worth 9l. Eliza Macginnis said, she had seen Ellen twice; she said, she had given her a gown of the same pattern as the handkerchief, and 1l. note for the first parcel, and Ellen had that very gown on at the time. Ellen said, that the prisoner, Thomas Macginnis, was not present at the time. Cross-examined by MR. CHALLENOR. Ellen had stolen a great deal of cloth from me. THOMAS VANN. I am a constable. I accompanied the last witness to Macginnis’s house; we took them to the watch-house. Eliza Macginnis denied any knowledge of Ellen; she keeps a green-stall. Ellen said, she had sold Macginnis the cloth. She must have heard her. Macginnis at first denied it, and afterwards said, Ellen had brought her the cloth, and that she sold it for 50s; and gave Ellen the money. Cross-examined by MR. CHALLENOR. Mr. Prosser spoke of cloth and kerseymere; Macginnis spoke of two parcels. (The certificate of Louisa Ellen, being convicted of stealing twenty-one yards of cloth to the value of 39s. only, in the dwelling-house of Mr. Prosser; was then read.) BENJAMEN HAYDON. I am servant to Mr. Prosser. On the 29th of October last, I saw Ellen go out with a bundle, between seven and eight o’clock in the morning, she said it was dirty clothes; she went towards Macginnis’s house. ELIZA MACGINNIS’S Defence. I never had the cloth; I only knew the girl by seeing her pass my house. THOMAS MACGINNIS - NOT GUILTY. ELIZA MACGINNIS - GUILTY. Aged 42. Transported for Fourteen Years . London Jury, before Mr. Common Sergeant.5 Daniel/Thomas Macginnis is thought to have died shortly after the trial and his acquittal. Nothing has yet been located to confirm any marriage (if such took place) between Daniel and Elizabeth (née Stanley), nor any records of the births/baptisms of their two children – Thomas born about 1807 and Elizabeth born about 1810.6

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Elizabeth was one of two London Gaol Delivery women who were now in Newgate Gaol awaiting the day when they would embark on the convict transport that was to take them to the far end of the earth. The other was Grace Blaker, who had also been tried with her husband, but who at least could take some comfort in knowing that she would be reunited with her husband George, who preceded her to the colony aboard the convict ship Morley. Elizabeth had no such consolation, but at least she was able to take her two children with her.7

Elizabeth embarked on the Friendship accompanied by her son Thomas, aged 7 and daughter Elizabeth, aged about 4. Surgeon Cosgreave found her to be rather insolent, but a good mother and a humane person.8 Indeed, when fellow prisoner Martha Thatcher died on 7 December 1817, Elizabeth took on the responsibility for caring for two of the young children who had accompanied their mother.9 Aged 43 on arrival at Sydney Elizabeth Macginnis was one of the older cohort of Friendship women. As a convict there would be no call for her entrepreneurial skills in the greengrocery trade. So, perhaps with an eye to improving her assignment options, when asked by the mustering authorities she informed them that she was a housekeeper by calling.10 Whatever the circumstances, Elizabeth was assigned as a house servant to emancipist Simeon Lord. It would have been regarded as a plum position, and one which allowed her to keep her children with her.11 Simeon Lord had arrived in the colony in 1791 to serve a seven year sentence for stealing a quantity of cloth. He rapidly established himself as one of the leading merchants of Sydney. By the time Elizabeth joined the Lord household Simeon, his wife, and their large family lived in Macquarie Place in one of Sydney’s grandest houses.12

It was while in the employ of Simeon Lord that Elizabeth petitioned the Governor for mitigation of her sentence. In fact, it has been suggested that it was at Simeon Lord’s suggestion that she do so because, as a convict still in servitude, Elizabeth would not be able to keep her daughter with her once she had turned seven years of age, at which time she would have to be put into the Orphan School at Parramatta. Indeed, Simeon Lord is said to have

- 3 - Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London offered the services of his clerk in drafting the petition.13 Headed up ‘The Humble Petition of Elizabeth McGinnis, Government Servant to Simeon Lord, Esqr’, the petitioner ‘Most Respectfully’ set forth her request.

That your Petitioner arrived in Your Excellency’s Territory on the 14th Jany 1817 - in the ship “Friendship” – under a Sentence of 14 Years; And that having conducted herself in an Honest and Correct Manner during the whole of the Time she has been in this Colony; she humbly Hopes and Trusts that her present Application for a Ticket of Leave, will not be deem’d Rude nor made in Vain. At this Auspicious Time when your Excellency intends to Reward, Merit and Encourage the Honest and Industrious Past of the Prisoners, who have proved their Disposition by 3 years Trial in this Colony; your Petitioner humbly Hopes (from the Satisfaction she had Endeavoured to give to her Employer) that she shall be thought deserving of the Indulgence she so Earnestly solicits. And your Petitioner as in Duty bound will Ever Pray.14

The 1821 Settler and Convict list, in which Elizabeth is recorded as holding a ticket of leave, is evidence that her petition was well received. She was similarly listed in the 1822 Census and Population Book, living in Castlereagh Street with her son Thomas.15

So, if a ticket of leave was the key to having her daughter returned to her, the question arises as to where daughter Elizabeth was at this time. At the 14 July 1820 meeting of the Female Orphan School Committee it was resolved that the petition of Elizabeth McGinnis be referred to the Secretary. At its 4 October 1820 meeting the Committee, having taken into consideration the petition of Elizabeth McInnis, resolved to admit her child Elizabeth into the Institution.16 Young Elizabeth would have been about seven years old when she boarded one of the government boats to be ferried up river to the Parramatta Orphan School. Nearly three years later, on 19 February 1823, Colonial Secretary Goulburn wrote a stern letter to her mother in the following terms. On obtaining the indulgence of admission for your child into the Female Orphan School you must have been perfectly aware that you became bound to leave her to the entire disposition of the Committee of that Institution until she shall have attained her eighteenth year or be lawfully married. Having gained her a ready support, education and protection, by renouncing at that time all right to reclaim her, it does not evince much consistency now to forward the Petitions with which you are now troubling the Lady Patroness.17 Apparently, and much to the annoyance of the Committee and the Lady Patroness, Elizabeth McGinnis had fought for some time to have her daughter released.18 But in sending his directive to the distressed mother, Frederick Goulburn was merely following the rules and regulations, as set down by the Governor in 1818 on the opening of the Parramatta Orphan School, and conveyed to him by Order No.55 on 25 July 1818.19 These included - When a female is admitted into this Institution, its Parents or Guardians are not to Exercise any Control over her, nor to remove her from thence, nor from her apprenticeship, until after she shall have attained her Eighteenth Year. - 4 - Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London

When a Child to be admitted into this Institution shall have one Parent living or a Guardian, who would if by the laws of England be entitled at any time to reclaim it, such Parent or Guardian, shall previous to its admission, become bound to the Committee in the Sum of One Hundred Pounds, that he, she or they will not Exercise the said right, but leave the Child to the entire disposal of the Committee until she shall have attained her Eighteenth Year, or be married with the consent of the said Committee. By the time her mother’s latest request was rejected, young Elizabeth would have been about ten years old. Was Elizabeth senior now anxious to have her daughter home as she had reached a ‘useful’ age, or was she solely motivated by a longing to have her family reunited? Perhaps it was a combination of both. Did she feel let down by Simeon Lord who had led her to believe that a ticket of leave would do the trick, without considering that, even with this indulgence, she would still be classed as a convict - a fact that would have weighed against her in the Orphan School Committee’s deliberations as to her worthiness as a carer, had they been at all prepared to bend the rules. Notwithstanding her mother’s pleadings, young Elizabeth was to remain at the Orphan School for at least another five years. Meanwhile Elizabeth M’Ginnis, described as a baker, and possibly then in the employ of, or in partnership with Thomas Wheeler of Castlereagh Street, also a baker, were two of ‘several bakers who, in December 1824, had been detected exposing for sale bread short of weight’. They were both fined, but at least, as licensed bakers, they fared better than the other nine bakers whose goods were confiscated as they were selling without a license.20 The muster of 1825 was conducted over the first two weeks of October. Elizabeth, still holding a ticket of leave, is listed as a housekeeper, living in Castlereagh Street, Sydney. With her is Thomas, now 18 and recorded as son of Elizabeth. Elizabeth junior, now 15, is still found at the Orphan School, Parramatta, ‘child of E. M’Ginnis, Sydney’.21 Within three years the hierarchy of the family had altered. For the 1828 census Thomas, now 22, is the head of the household. Listed immediately below him is his sister Elizabeth, still recorded as being 15; and then comes his mother and housekeeper, 53 year old Elizabeth.22 Thomas also employed three servants and one carter.23 Just over 14 years from the date of her conviction Elizabeth was granted her certificate of freedom. This document confirms that she was a Catholic, tells us that she was originally from Ireland, and that her ticket of leave had actually been granted on 31 January 1820.24

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Elizabeth Macginnis lived just long enough to celebrate the marriages in early 1832 of both of her children. Her daughter Elizabeth married Richard Pearce on 9 January; Thomas married Sarah Blackman on 26 March.25 Their mother died on 11 May at the premises of her son-in-law.26

News of her passing was noted in the newspapers, the following being placed in The Sydney Herald of Monday 14 May. On Friday night, Mrs. M’Ginnis, the landlady of the ‘Coach and Horses’, Castlereagh street, an old inhabitant of this Colony.27

Elizabeth Macginnis was buried at the Devonshire Street cemetery (Portion-C/E, Row-1013).28. The cemetery record also gives Elizabeth’s age at death as 50. If she really was 43 on arrival at Port Jackson, she would have been about 57 when she died. Others with an interest in Elizabeth Mcginnis have shared some of their research online. It has been very helpful to be able to refer to this in the process of writing up my account of Elizabeth. However, like them, I have not yet established the provenance of Elizabeth, nor that of Daniel, the man regarded as her husband.29 But one fact is not in doubt – Elizabeth and Daniel, albeit posthumously, can rightly lay claim to being the progenitors of an impressive family of descendants. Thomas McGuiness [Thomas standardised the spelling of his surname to McGuiness. However, variants still occur in the records]. Various sources give 8 February 1810, London, as the date and place of Thomas McGuiness’ birth but I have not yet sighted any confirmatory record.30 He was fortunate to be able to stay with his mother while she served out her sentence, and no doubt he was a great help and comfort to her. As noted, Thomas was the head of household by the 1828 census and, at a relatively youthful age, he was running a shop on the corner of Castlereagh and King Streets and was responsible for the management and employment of four assigned servants. In July 1830 The Australian published the names of those persons who had obtained a publican’s license. There were nine licenses issued for Castlereagh Street, and one of these was to Thomas M’Guiness of the “Currier’s Arms”. The Castlereagh Street premises now doubled up as shop and public house Thomas was still the licensee in 1832.31

Thomas, bachelor and publican of Sydney, was 22 when he married 17 year old Sarah Blackman, spinster of the District of Cooke, by license and according to the rites of the Church of England, on 26 March 1832. The marriage took place at St. James, Sydney, and was conducted by the Rev. Richard Hill and witnessed by Samuel Blackman and Ann Hughes. All members of the wedding party were able to sign their names.32 Sarah was a daughter of Samuel Blackman who, with his parents James and Elizabeth and three brothers, arrived in the colony as free immigrants on the Canada in December 1801. The Blackman family established themselves as farmers and for the 1828 census Samuel was at his property “Frognel”, in the district of Cooke, together with his wife and seven children. His holding was 300 acres, of which 140 was under cultivation. He had 19 horses, 150 head of cattle and 800 sheep.33

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Between 1833 and 1860 at least twelve children were born to Thomas and Sarah – seven sons and five daughters - all of whom survived to adulthood – Samuel 1833; Mary Ann 1835; Thomas 1837; Elizabeth 1839; Jane Sarah 1842; George 1845; Charles 1847; Louisa 1849; John Ford 1852; Frederick 1855; Annie Laurie 1847; and Henry [Harry] Sidney 1860.34 For the 1841 census, the McGuiness family is living in a wooden building on the Parramatta Road, Petersham, as a household comprising 11 people - Thomas, shopkeeper/retail dealer and five male domestic servants, and five females.35 From the birth/baptism places of the children it is evident that within a few years of their marriage Thomas and Sarah had moved from Sydney to regional New South Wales, and to the property “Bigga” in the County of Georgiana, which Thomas leased from his father-in-law Samuel Blackman and subsequently purchased in 1848 after Samuel’s death in 1843.36

“Bigga” was one of several ‘Valuable Landed Properties’ advertised for sale in September 1848.37

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In addition to operating the station Thomas was also running a store which also served as the first local post office and, in April 1853, he had obtained a publican’s license for “The Crooked Billet”.38 No.682 CROOKED BILLET. Police District of Carcoar. April 1853. Publican: Thomas McGUINESS of Bigga. Sureties: Solomon MYER, storekeeper of Carcoar, and Bernard STIMPSON, storekeeper of West Carcoar. Described as a successful and highly respected businessman, a caring son and brother, and a loving husband, father and grandfather, Thomas died at the relatively young age of 52 on 23 January 1862. He was buried in the family cemetery under a large tree at the entrance to his property “Bigga Station” at Sandy Creek.39 His death was notified in the local and Sydney papers, the following being taken from the Goulburn Herald.

At Bigga, on the 23rd January, after a short but painful illness, in his 52nd year of his age, Mr. THOMAS McGUINESS, innkeeper and store-keeper, leaving a numerous family to deplore their loss, and to the sincere regret of a large circle of friends and neighbours, by whom he was highly esteemed and respected for his personal worth.40 He had drawn up his will two days before he died, leaving everything to his wife Sarah. Probate was granted on 20 August 1862 with goods sworn at £300.41 Sarah McGuiness was only 46 when she was widowed and left with the responsibility of caring for her large family, four of whom were still under ten years of age. No doubt she was assisted by the extensive Blackman family. Sarah did not remarry and died at the age of 82 on 29 January 1904 at Bigga having outlived her husband by just over forty-two years. The following obituary, published in the Crookwell Gazette, is testament to the high regard in which she was held by the Bigga community. We have to record the death of a very old resident of the Bigga district in the person of Mrs. McGuiness, relict of the late Mr. Thomas McGuiness at the advanced age of 89 years. Deceased was the oldest resident of the district, having arrived there nearly 70 years ago, and since that time has resided almost continuously there her residence being broken only by a few years absence in Sydney. During the last half-century her stay has been unbroken, and for that long period deceased ha ben renowned for her hospitality and kindness, her geniality, her Christian fortitude and all those qualifications which go to make for good citizenship. It has been truly said that no one ever went to the late Mrs. McGuiness in want or distress and went away empty-handed or unconsoled in their grief. That she will be missed from the neighbourhood goes without saying, since her name forms portion of its history; but of those in need of help, pecuniary or otherwise, the loss will be doubly felt. During her long life, she retained her faculties almost up to the last; but during the past twelve months she failed very considerably, and ten days prior to her death she became very low, showing indications that death was near. She passed away peacefully on Friday last, beloved in death as in life by all whose privilege it had been to claim her friendship and acquaintance. The funeral took place on Sunday last and was attended by almost every resident of the district for miles round, as well as of many from a distance. The remains were interred in the Church of England cemetery at Bigga, the Rev. H. Hetherington, of Binda, officiating at the grave. The late Mrs. McGuiness was a native of the State, having been born in the Hawkesbury district, which was also the birthplace of her mother. Her husband pre-deceased her some 40 years, since when she has scarcely every left her home at Bigga. A large family of grown up sons (six) and daughters (5) survive, and to these we extend our sympathy. One son died some 12 years ago, and those who are still living are – Mr. S. McGuiness (Crookwell), Mr. Thomas McGuiness (Woodstock), Messrs. George, Charles, John and Fred McGuiness (Bigga), Mrs. John Ford [Mary Ann] (Sydney), Mrs. Alf McDonald [Elizabeth] (Bigga), Mrs. James Clements [Jane] (Reid’s Flat), Mrs. James Balgowan [Louisa] (Reid’s Flat), and Mrs. J.R. McDonald jun [Annie Laurie] (Crookwell). Mr. S. McGuiness has been the recipient of many condolences, which expressions of sympathy have reached the bereaved family at Bigga from all parts of the State.42 The son who predeceased Elizabeth was the youngest – Harry Sidney McGuiness - who died at Bigga in March 1891 aged 30.43

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Elizabeth McGuiness No record has yet been found to establish the actual place and date of birth of Elizabeth but from the records we can assume that she would have been born about 1813. She and her brother Thomas were with their mother during the latter’s incarceration in Newgate prison, and they accompanied her on the voyage aboard the convict ship Friendship, arriving at Sydney on 14 January 1818. The family managed to stay together for a few years when their mother Elizabeth was assigned to Simeon Lord. However, in 1820 young Elizabeth was placed in the Female Orphan School at Parramatta and remained there for almost ten years. The institution, which had only been operating for a couple of years when Elizabeth was admitted, was purposely situated away from the corrupting influences of ‘metropolitan’ Sydney. Its mission was to inculcate habits of morality and religion and to train young girls for their future role as domestics – as servants and/or wives. Even though some time was allocated for play, the regime was, to modern day thinking, a harsh and relentless grind.44 5:30am: Girls wake up (6:30am in the winter) 7:30am: Rooms are tidied, and girls are ready for their morning prayers, at which a psalm is read, followed by a hymn and a prayer reading Breakfast consisting of bread and tea 9:00am: Reading, writing, arithmetic scripture and other classes supervised by the Master 1:00pm: Lunch and play time 2:00pm: Sewing and other classes supervised by the Mistress 3:00pm: Domestic duties, needlework and gardening 6:00pm: Supper 7:00pm: Evening prayers, scripture reading and hymns 7:30pm: Girls go to bed According to one family account, as soon as Thomas McGuiness had set himself up in business, he submitted a petition to the Orphan School Committee, supported by references provided by a number of respected businessmen, seeking to have his sister released into his care.45 As noted above, his petition was granted. In 1828 the Pearce family was living in Castlereagh Street, between Park and Bathurst Streets, not far from the McGuiness family. John Pearce, head of the household and a currier by trade and subsequently a publican, had arrived in 1802 as a convict on the Perseus and was now a constable holding a conditional pardon. Apart from his wife/partner Mary, at home for the census were sons Robert and Richard, aged 18 and 16 respectively.46 Richard was serving an apprenticeship with bootmaker Benjamin Smith, also of Castlereagh Street. It was Richard who married Elizabeth on 30 March 1832 at the Scots Presbyterian Church, Sydney.47 Four children were born to Elizabeth and Richard over the period November 1832 to October 1838 and all were baptised at St. James Church. When the elder two were baptised – Isabell (aka Elizabeth) in January 1833 and Richard in May 1834 their father was listed as a publican. We know that he was operating the “Coach and Horses” in 1832 as this was where his mother-in-law had died. For the baptisms of Mary (aka Mary Ann) in July 1836 and Robert in October 1838, father Richard Pearce was recorded as a shoemaker even though in 1837-1838 he was also still a publican, holding a license for the “Freemason’s Arms” in Castlereagh Street.48 At the age of just 27 Richard Pearce died on 18 April 1839.49 Within a couple of years Elizabeth also lost her son Robert who died on 18 January 1841.50 It was at this point that widow Elizabeth Pearce left Sydney and joined her brother Thomas at “Bigga Station” near Goulburn. She took Mary Ann with her, leaving the elder two children, Elizabeth and Richard, with their grandparents John and Mary Pearce. John Pearce had apparently agreed to pay Elizabeth £100 a year for the care and maintenance of his granddaughter Mary Ann.51 John Pearce died in November 1849, having drawn up his will on 7 August of that year. Having made provision for his wife during her lifetime, he left everything else to his grandchildren Elizabeth, Richard, and Mary. He made no mention of, or provision for, his daughter-in-law Elizabeth.52 Yet another of her children died young. At the age of 17 Isabell (Elizabeth) died on 20 September

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1849, just after John Pearce had drawn up his will.53 At some stage, and possibly in the Berrima district, widow Elizabeth Pearce met up with and formed a long-term relationship with convict Charles Coe.54 Charles Coe was committed to the Chelmsford Gaol on 1 April 1829 charged, together with one James Edgeley, with assault and pocket-picking at the Essex village of Earls Colne. Their trial was held on 28 April, and was reported in some detail.55 Charles Coe and James Edgeley were convicted of assaulting Samuel Clark, at Earls Colne, and taking from his person the sum of nine shillings and sixpence, his property. The prosecutor, a jobber at Earls Colne, and very deaf, stated, that he was at the George public-house on Friday the 27th of March; the prisoners came in soon after; witness changed a sovereign to pay for a pot of beer, and received 19s. 6d. in change from Mr. Martin, the landlord, which he put into his right-hand breeches pocket; prisoners shortly afterwards sat down beside him and asked him to dance, which he refused to do; they then pulled him off his seat, shook him, and afterwards gave him a blow which knocked him down on the bricks; does not know which of the two struck him, nor which of them put his hand into his pocket; when he recovered from his fall he missed 9s. 6d. from his pocket, viz. a half-crown, six shillings, and two sixpences. – Cross-examined. Three of them had drank three pots of beer; was not tipsy; there were about twenty persons in the room; a woman was there of the name of Bassam; did not buy her a jug; was asked what he thought of her; did neither play nor dance with her. The persons in the room took the prisoners into custody. Charles Ketley, a bricklayer at Earls Colne, was at the George on the above day; it was fair day; he went in soon after the prisoners. Coe called for a pot of bear; Martin’s niece brought it in; Coe said he had but 3d. except a sovereign, and he would be d---d if he’d change that for a pot of beer, upon which a man of the name of Basset said, “I’ll pay 3d. for you till your partner comes in;” Edgeley came in about half an hour afterwards. Saw Clark change the sovereign and put the change in his pocket. Witness corroborated the evidence of Clark, as to his being pulled off his seat and made to dance around, as well as to his being knocked down; he then stated that he saw Edgeley draw his hand from Clark’s right-hand breeches pocket; a shilling dropped, which a man named Marven picked up; witness then asked Edgeley what business he had there, and observed that he had used the man (meaning Clark) queerly. Coe said he was a d---d liar, and asked what business he had to interfere; he further said that he would serve witness the same; witness then laid hold of him, and held him till Ruffell, the constable, came. Coe said he would clear the whole house if he had room. – John Marven corroborated the last witness’s evidence. – William Ruffell, constable of Earls Colne, was called in to take the prisoners into custody; he found on Coe four shillings, a sixpence, and two farthings. Bourne, another constable, searched Edgeley, and found on him a half-crown, three shillings and a sixpence. Coe conducted himself very improperly on being taken into custody. – Coe, in his defence, said, that when the prosecutor was before Mr. Brewster, the Magistrate, he stated that the woman had put her hand in his pocket. The depositions were accordingly read, and in Mr. Clark’s statement were the following words:- “The woman put her hand in my waistcoat pocket”. The prosecutor, on being recalled, declared that he had not uttered the words imputed to him. Mr. Disney thought that owing to the deafness of the prosecutor, the error might have occurred. The father of the prisoner Coe gave him a good character, and produced several written testimonials from persons with whom the prisoner had lived, one of whom offered to take him into service again. – The Learned Chairman remarked that he never remembered a more desperate or designing case, and he should exercise the utmost severity of the law, which was that they both be transported for the term of their natural lives. In addition to the bundle of character references submitted on his behalf, ‘Charles Coe late of Camberwell in the County of Surrey, a licensed hawker but now a Prisoner on Board the Leviathan Convict Ship lying at Portsmouth’ penned a petition on his own behalf. He admitted that on the day in question he had been uncharacteristically intoxicated, but he strongly protested his innocence, and in doing so revealed some pertinent personal details. He had been born at Peckham and, financed by Miles Stringer, a merchant tailor and employer of Charles’ parents, he had attended St Ann’s School. Having completed his education he went into service first as a groom and then as a hawker of china. He had recently married his master’s daughter and his wife was now pregnant. Without any earnings coming in from him, she would be left destitute. Furthermore, he claimed that his mother and father would be condemned to an early grave if their son was transported.56 There was to be no reprieve for Charles Coe, as advised by S.M. Phillips, Whitehall, in his response dated 24 June 1829 to Miles Stringer, Esq.

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Sir Having laid before Mr. Secy Peel your letter of the 11 Instant, in favor of Charles Coe, a Convict under sentence of Transportation, I am directed to inform you that Mr. Peel does not perceive any circumstances in the case, that would justify him consistently with his Public Duty, in recommending the Prisoner to His Majesty for any mitigation of his Sentence.57 In May the two ‘lifers’ had been removed from the New Convict Gaol to the Leviathan hulk at Portsmouth and from there, on 2 October, they were taken aboard the Katherine Stewart Forbes which departed from Plymouth on 18 October 1829 and arrived at Sydney on 18 February 1830.58 The indentures tell us that on arrival Charles Coe was 27 years old, and a native of Camberwell, Surrey. He was 5’ 4” tall, with a ruddy complexion, black hair, dark hazel eyes, and sported a large Y-shaped scar on the back of his head. He was a groom and a hawker by occupation, could both read and write, and, as we have seen, he had left behind in England a wife a child.59 To recap – Charles Coe, bachelor, and widow, Hannah Waterfield, were married on 28 January 1829 at the Parish Church of Camberwell.60 Just two months later Charles was arrested. He never saw his daughter who was baptised Hannah Henrietta on 26 September 1830.61 On arrival in the colony Charles was assigned to Cornelius O’Brien who had property in the Illawarra and, later, in the Yass districts. Charles was issued with a ticket of leave number 39/932 on 29 May 1839, conditional on him remaining in the district of Bathurst. Three months later he forfeited this indulgence when on 26 August he was charged with forgery and sentenced to three years at Bathurst Gaol, a sentence which was subsequently reduced to one year, with Charles being released in 1841.62 He was in trouble again in 1843 when he was in the Parramatta Gaol on 30 November having been returned there from a road working party and then on-forwarded on 1 December to serve 3 months on Cockatoo Island on a charge of misconduct.63 His ticket of leave was restored on 24 December 1845, this time conditional on his remaining in the Goulburn district. The butt carries the notation ‘Per the Government Memorandum on Petition by Coe, Regd No 44/13250 dated 21 December 1844’.64 It was six years later that Charles Coe was granted a conditional pardon – as announced in The Sydney Morning Herald in 22 April 1850.

His Excellency the Governor has directed it to be notified that Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to authorise the issue of pardons to the undermentioned persons, on condition that during the remainder of the term of their respective sentences, they do not return to the countries or colonies from which they were severally transported, as hereunder more particularly specified. Dated 20th March 1850. Pardons available everywhere save in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland : ….Charles Coe, K.S. Forbes …65 Without ready recourse to original records (even assuming they exist) researching the lives of Charles Coe, Elizabeth Pearce, and their children has proved to be particularly difficult, and has presented a challenge to other researchers who have posted their ‘findings’ online, some of which are confusing and contradictory.66 I have not found any marriage record for this couple, perhaps because Charles was a married man and/or perhaps (but unlikely?) as suggested by a Rootsweb correspondent, because in his will Richard Pearce prevented his widow from remarrying.67 It is known that Charles and Elizabeth had a number of children, the first of whom may have been Jane Pearce, daughter of Elizabeth Pearce, the registration for whom states that she had been born in Sydney in June 1844 and baptised on 21 July 1844 at Appin.68 Possibly seven other children were born over a period of seventeen years – Charles, 1847; Sophia, 1848; Thomas, 1850; George, 1854; Clara, 1855; Elizabeth, 1856; Rachael, 1861 – born in various places across regional New South Wales, indicative of a peripatetic life, typical of a labourer seeking and taking on work where and when he could. Incidentally there was another man by the name of Charles Coe living in New South Wales at about the same time. Coincidentally he had also been tried in Essex, and was transported to Van Diemen’s Land on the Lady Raffles, arriving in 1841, having left behind a wife and child. He obtained his certificate of freedom in 1844, after which he left Van Diemen’s Land for New South Wales. It was there that he met Elizabeth Beckinsale (née Fidler), with whom he had nine children between 1853 and 1865 – Charles, Clara (1), Teresa, William, Robert, Elizabeth, - 11 - Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London

Frederick, Clara (2), Hannah.69 It is thought that sometime around the mid-1860s Charles and Elizabeth were living apart. They were recorded as possibly living at Coonamble in 1864 and it was there that Elizabeth chose to stay for the rest of her life, close to some of her family.70 There are two June 1861 newspaper notices placed by Charles Coe of Mummell [sic] referring (1) to a missing yearling colt and (2) a stolen/strayed ‘Yellow Cow, branded CC on the shoulder’.71 Mummel, located about 20 kms northwest of Goulburn, was recognised as valuable agricultural, and especially pastoral land by the early settlers.72 It is probable that Charles Coe spent the rest of his life in the Goulburn district, much of that time employed by the prominent Chisholm family. He was probably the Charles Cole [sic] who, in December 1883, was called as a defence witness for Mr. W.A. Chisholm of Merilla, who was charged with trespass and injury to sheep. In response to a question by the plaintiff’s lawyer, Charles responded with ‘I am often called “Crankey Charlie”; many sensible men are often said to be crankey [sic]’.

Merilla Pastoral Station73 He was in the news again eighteen months later in June 1885.74

Perhaps his injuries were more serious than thought, or at least contributed to his death at the age of 82 on 18 August 1885 at Merilla, the cause being bronchitis from which he had suffered for 5 days. The informant was William Chisholm, Grazier of Merilla, who was also one of the witness at Charles’ burial on 20 August at St. James Church, Kippilaw (also known as St James Anglican Cemetery).75

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Inscription Memorial – Charles Coe76

St. James Anglican Church & Cemetery, Kippilaw77 Not only cranky, but probably also lonely and apparently reticent about his past. His employer and the informant for the death certificate knew very little about his labouring employee. He was aware that Charles had been born in England and had been in the colony for 55 years. However, but probably not surprisingly, he did not know the names of Charles’ parents. But significantly, was the statement that Charles was not married.78 Indeed, even though Elizabeth Pearce/Coe was still alive at the time, Charles had drawn up a will on 20 August 1878, nominating his employer as sole executor and beneficiary. This is the last Will and Testament of me Charles Coe of Merilla in the Colony of New South Wales Farmer I give devise and bequeath all the real estate and personal estate to which I shall be entitled at the time of my death unto William Alexander Chisholm, of Merilla Esquire And I appoint the said William Alexander Chisholm sole Executor of this my will In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 20th Twentieth day of August One thousand eight hundred and seventy eight. The witnesses were George Bool, farmer, of Breadalbane, and Charles M. Church, resident of Merilla. Probate on the estate, sworn at under £59, was granted on 3 November 1885.79 Elizabeth McGuiness Coe lived to a goodly age, dying in her mid-80s at Coonamble on 5 July 1898. Her passing is commemorated in a Find a Grave memorial maintained by descendant Carl Robert Coe who has also contributed the accompanying studio photograph of a very elegant looking lady.80

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The Find a Grave record is a bit vague regarding Elizabeth’s actual date of birth, and therefore her age at death, but the memorial would have reflected what the informant had recorded in the death certificate.81 It has also been suggested that when registering the death the informant had guessed the ages of his siblings – thus confounding researchers’ attempts to accurately chronicle the family of Elizabeth Pearce and Charles Coe.82

NOTES 1 Findmypast (FMP), England & Wales, Crimes and Punishment, 1770-1935, Newgate Prison Calendar, HO44/24. 2 Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 8.0, 18 May 2019), December 1816, trial of LOUISA ELLEN (t18161204-40). Following her trial Louisa Ellen was transferred to the Penitentiary and was discharged in 1821 - FMP, England & Wales, Crimes and Punishment, 1770-1935, Millbank Prison, Middlesex, Register of Prisoners. 3 Locating London’s Past, https://www.locatinglondon.org/. 4 FMP, England & Wales, Crimes and Punishment, 1770-1935, Newgate Prison Calendar HO77/24. 5 Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 8.0, 18 May 2019), January 1817, trial of DANIEL MACGINNIS ELIZA MACGIN-NIS (t18170115-59). 6 It might be worth following up on one baptism record found for a Daniel McGennis – 2 April 1775, at St. Catherine’s, Dublin City, son of James McGennis and Mary Moran – Ancestry, Ireland, Catholic Parish Registers, 1655-1915, St Catherine’s, Dublin city, 1765-1781. 7 FMP, England & Wales, Crimes and Punishment, 1770-1935, Australian Convict Ships 1786-1849, Indents 1788-1842 (NRS12188). Refer to BOF, Section 3a, Grace Blaker. 8 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, List of passengers on board “Friendship”, Series: NRS 897; Reel or Fiche Numbers: Reels 6041-6064, 6071-6072, p.63. Missionary and passenger on the Friendship, John Gyles in his report to the Newgate Ladies Committee, described Elizabeth as ‘disorderly’. 9 Ancestry, Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Settler and Convict Lists 1787-1834, 1788-1819. 10 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents, 1788-1842, Bound Indentures, 1814-1818. 11 Ancestry, Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Settler and Convict Lists 1787-1834, New South Wales, Female, 1820. 12 Biographical Database of Australia (BDA), Biographical report on Simeon Lord. Sydney G Smith/Charles H Bertie, Old Sydney, Angus & Robertson, Sydney 1911. 13 Janice Doughty and Rhonda Brownlow, “The Mystery of Elizabeth McGuiness”, 2007, cited in Deborah Kelly, Our Family Past, HAA007, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/article/topic/12719/haa007-elizabeth-pearce-nee-mcguinness. Note: The ‘Our Family Past’ item states that ‘Elizabeth was sent to the Female Orphanage School in 1819’ – she was not admitted until 1820. 14 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, Series: NRS 900; Reel or Fiche Numbers: Fiche 3163-3253, p.34. Due to the Governor’s ill-health, the scheduled date by which applications for mitigation of sentence were to be received was twice deferred, with 3 January finally being chosen – The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 11 Dec 1819, p.1. Could Elizabeth’s reference to ‘Auspicious Time’ refer to the fact that 1 January 1820 was the tenth anniversary of Governor Lachlan Macquarie having assumed office in the colony? – Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive (LEMA), https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie- archive/lema/1820/1820jan.html. - 14 - Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London

15 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Settler and Convict Lists, 1787-1834, New South Wales, Female, 1821. Ancestry, New South Wales Census and Population Books, 1811-1825, Parramatta (Baulkham Hill), 1822, (Book 3). 16 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, Series: NRS 898; Reel or Fiche Numbers: Reels 6020-6040; Fiche 3260-3312, pp.48, 51. 17 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, Series: NRS 937; Reel or Fiche Numbers: Reels 6004-6016, p.343. 18 Convict Records, Elizabeth Macginnis, Community Contributions, Frank Sandwell (citing Researchers Janice Nadin and Janice Doughty), https://convictrecords.com.au/convicts/macginnis/elizabeth/68761. 19 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, Series: NRS 897; Reel or Fiche Numbers: Reels 6041-6064, 6071-6072, pp.259-68. 20 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, Series: NRS 898; Reel or Fiche Numbers: Reels 6020-6040; Fiche 3260-3312, p.102. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 16 Dec 1824, p.3. 21 Ancestry, New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia Convict Musters, 1806-1849, New South Wales, General muster M-Z, 1825. 22 Ancestry, 1828 New South Wales, Australia Census (TNA Copy), New South Wales, Census I-M, 1828. 23 BDA, Biographical report for Thomas McGinnes. 24 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Certificates of Freedom, 1810-1814, 1827-1867. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 26 Feb 1831, p.1. 25 Two dates have been mooted for Elizabeth’s marriage date – 9 January, Convict Records, Elizabeth Macginnis, Community Contributions, Frank Sandwell; 30 March, Ancestry, Wells\Loader\Clarke online family tree, https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family- tree/person/tree/34427584/person/28003830411/. 26 NSW Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages (NSW BDM), Death registration, V18321440 16/1832. 27 The Sydney Herald, 14 May 1832, p.4. 28 Australian Cemeteries Index, Inscription 15619864 – Elizabeth Mcginness, http://austcemindex.com/inscription?id=15619864. 29 For example: Our Family Past, HAA007, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/article/topic/12719/haa007-elizabeth-pearce-nee-mcguinness; Australian Royalty, Elizabeth McGuiness, https://australianroyalty.net.au/individual.php?pid=I31205&ged=purnellmccord.ged; Janice Doughty, Rootsweb, [PJ] 1818 – the ‘Friendship’, https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/aus-pt-jackson- convicts@rootsweb.com/thread/8605881/ and [PJ] 1828 – Pearce- McGuiness-Nichols-Jones & Blackman families, https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/aus-pt-jackson-convicts.rootsweb.com/thread/8608636/. Our Family Tree, Sarah Blackman, https://www.ourfamtree.org/browse.php/Sarah-Blackman/p83258. Convict Records, Elizabeth Macginnis, Community Contributions, Frank Sandwell (citing Researchers Janice Nadin and Janice Doughty) https://convictrecords.com.au/convicts/macginnis/elizabeth/68761; various Ancestry online family trees, including Wells\Loader\Clarke online family tree https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/34427584/person/28003828807/facts. 30 For example, Ancestry online Wells\Loader\Clarke family tree. 31 The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 1 Jul 1830, p.3. The Sydney Herald, 1 Aug 1831, p.4. The name of the public house is sometimes listed as ‘Carrier’s Arms’. 32 BDA, Biographical report for Sarah Blackman. Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Butts of Marriage Licenses, 1813-1835, 1894 – Note the date on the transcription – 20 Mar 1832 – is incorrect. 33 Bernard Greaves, 'Blackman, James (1792–1868)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/blackman-james-1790/text2021, published first in hardcopy 1966, accessed online 24 May 2019. BDA, Biographical report for Samuel Blackman. 34 Ancestry, Craig Tulip Family Tree, https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/82901196/person/260195185989/facts. 35 Ancestry, 1841 New South Wales, Australia, Census, Abstracts, Sydney, Cumberland. 36 Janice Doughty, “Our History”, Crookwell Gazette, 21 February 2018, https://www.crookwellgazette.com.au/story/5242974/the-life-of- mr-mcguiness/. Parish Map of Bigga, County of Georgiana, NSW Land Registry Services, http://hlrv.nswlrs.com.au/pixel.htm#. 37 The Sydney Morning Herald, 7 Sep 1848, p.4. Bigga, in the Upper Lachlan Shire, is located 91 km northwest of Goulburn and 52 km southeast of Cowra. The first official sale of land was 1,000 acres in 1835 to Samuel Blackman. Refer also to Dr. Jennifer Lambert Tracey, Coordinator, Upper Lachlan Shire Community Heritage Study 2007-2008, https://www.upperlachlan.nsw.gov.au/sites/upperlachlan/files/public/images/documents/upperlachlan/Planning/Heritage/19054- Part1UpperLachlanShireHeritageStudyFinal2010.pdf. 38 Rusheen’s Website, Publicans’ Licences for Western NSW and some of Central NSW, https://rusheensweb.com/. NSW State Archives and Records (NSW SA&R), Publicans’ Licenses Guide, https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and- indexes/publicans-licenses-guide. 39 Janice Doughty, “Our History”. 40 Goulburn Herald, 29 Jan 1862, p.2. 41 FMP, New South Wales Will Books 1800-1952, Thomas McGuiness, 1862, Will number 5451. 42 Crookwell Gazette, 2 Feb 1904, p.2. Note, McGuiness women’s first names included in italics for information. 43 NSW BDM, Death registration, 14511/1891. 44 Information on the Orphan School has mainly been sourced from Beryl M. Bubacz, The Female and Male Orphan Schools in New South Wales, 1801-1850, Post Graduate Thesis, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Aug 2007, https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/2474. In fact the routine is not much different from many educational institutions – all aimed at ‘character building’. - 15 - Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London

45 Our Family Past, HAA007, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/article/topic/12719/haa007-elizabeth-pearce-nee-mcguinness. 46 Ancestry, 1828 New South Wales, Australia Census (TNA Copy), New South Wales, Census M-R, 1828. BDA, Biographical report for John Pearce. 47 NSW BDM, Marriage registration 220/1832, V1832/220 73A. 48 BDA, Biographical report for Richard Pearce. NSW BDM, Birth registrations 410/1833; 530/1834/410/1836; 491/1838. NSW SA&R, Publicans’ Licenses Index, 1830-1861. 49 NSW BDM, Death registration, 534/1839 V1839534 23A. 50 BDA, Biographical report for Robert Pearce. NSW BDM, Death registration 455/1841. 51 Our Family Past, HAA007, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/article/topic/12719/haa007-elizabeth-pearce-nee-mcguinness. 52 NSW BDM, Death registration 254/1849. FMP, New South Wales Will Books 1800-1952, John Pearce, 1849, Will number 2203. 53 NSW BDM, Death registration 122/1849. 54 Some Coe/Pearce family researchers have suggested that they met in the Berrima district – for example Ancestry, Craig Tulip online family tree, https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/82901196/person/260066003369/facts. 55 Essex Herald, 7 Apr 1829, p.3; Essex Herald, 5 May 1829, p.4. 56 FMP, England &Wales, Crime, Prisons & Punishment, 1770-1935, HO17, Home Office: Criminal Petitions: Series I, Piece 123, YN46. Our Family Past, HAA007, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/article/topic/12660/haa007-whatever-happened-charles-coe. 57 FMP, England & Wales, Crime, Prisons & Punishment, 1770-1935, HO13, Correspondence And Warrants, Piece 53, p.268. 58 Essex Herald, 2 Jun 1829, p.3. BDA, Biographical record for Charles Coe. Free Settler or Felon? Convict ship Katherine Stewart Forbes, https://www.jenwilletts.com/convict_ship_katherine_stewart_forbes.htm. 59 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents, 1788-1842, Bound Indentures, 1829-1830. Convict Records, Community Contributions, D. Wong, https://convictrecords.com.au/convicts/coe/charles/72941. 60 Ancestry, London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932, Southwark, St Giles, Camberwell, 1824-1837. 61 Ancestry, London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917, Southwark, St Giles, Camberwell, 1829-1838. 62 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Tickets of Leave, 1810-1869, Tickets of leave butts (NRS 12202) May 1839. 63 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Gaol Description and Entrance Books, 1818-1930, Entrance Book, Parramatta, 1840-1843. Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Convict Records, 1810-1891, Cockatoo Island Penal Establishment, Cockatoo Island: Index to Convicts. 64 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Tickets of Leave, 1810-1869, Tickets of leave butts (NRS 12202), Nov 1844-Mar 1845. 65 The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 Apr 1850, p.2. He was one of fifty-three men who received a conditional pardon at the same time – Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Convict Registers of Conditional and Absolute Pardons, 1788-1870, Conditional, 1846-1856 (Reel 798). 66 Illustrative of the confusion and contradiction is the Roots Chat forum “Two Charles Coe/Elizabeth families in NSW from 1850’s”, https://www.rootschat.com/forum/index.php?topic=749771.0 – note many of the links in this posting are no longer working. 67 Indeed, if Richard had drawn up a will it has not been found. However, his brother Robert, who died in 1840 did leave a will, by which his wife could enjoy his bequest to her so long as she should continue to remain a widow and chaste, which she apparently did not, and which was the cause of a well reported legal action in 1848 which had repercussions for his nieces Elizabeth and Mary Ann Pearce – see, for example, Sydney Chronicle, 9 May 1848, p.2. 68 Ancestry, Australia, Births and Baptisms, 1792-1981. NSW BDM, Birth registration 1788/1844 V18441788 28. The place of birth is given as Bargo in Our Family Past, HAA007, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/article/topic/12719/haa007-elizabeth-pearce-nee- mcguinness. 69 Tasmanian Archives and Heritage Office (TAHO), Convict Record, CON33/1/6, https://www.libraries.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/. Ancestry, Anderson Family Tree, https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/89948313/person/312103288896/facts. 70 Refer to Janice Doughty Rootsweb contribution “[AUS-NSW-PILLIGA] THANK YOU TO THE COUNTRY PEOPLE. COE, EVANS, PEARCE, MCGUINESS, https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/aus-nsw-pilliga.rootsweb.com/thread/28064430/. 71 Goulburn Herald, 29 Jun 1861, p.3. 72 Ian Willis, Camden History Notes, “Mummel and a Cowpastures Oligarch”, https://camdenhistorynotes.wordpress.com/2018/03/12/mummel-goulburn-plains-colonial-nsw/. 73 Parish Map of Breadalbane, County of Argyle, NSW Land Registry Services, http://hlrv.nswlrs.com.au/pixel.htm#. 74 Goulburn Evening Penny Post, 20 Jun 1885, p.4. 75 Kippilaw was another of the Chisholm properties on which the St James Anglican church had been erected in the 1850s. 76 Find a Grave, Charles Coe, Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 02 October 2019), memorial page for Charles Coe (25 Feb 1803–16 Aug 1885), Find A Grave Memorial no. 178415119, citing St James Anglican Cemetery, Pomeroy, Goulburn Mulwaree Council, New South Wales, Australia ; Maintained by Carl Robert Coe (contributor 46623827). 77 Graeme Challinor’s Pages, http://gundaroo.info/genealogy/cemeteries/kippilaw/kippilaw.htm. 78 NSW BDM, Death certificate 6792/1885. 79 FMP, New South Wales Will Books, 1800-1952, Will No. 12189. 80 Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 02 October 2019), memorial page for Elizabeth McGuiness Coe (1813–5 Jul 1898), Find A Grave Memorial no. 178415194, citing Coonamble Cemetery, Coonamble, Coonamble Shire, New South Wales, Australia ; Maintained by Carl Robert Coe (contributor 46623827). 81 NSW BDM, Death registration 9159/1898. - 16 - Bond of Friendship Elizabeth Macginnis - London

82 Refer to Janice Doughty Rootsweb contribution “[AUS-ORANGEBATHURST] COE FAMILY OF MUDGEE, https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/nsw-orangebathurst.rootsweb.com/thread/4801393/.

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SELECTED SOURCES Genealogy Websites Ancestry 1828 New South Wales, Australia Census (TNA Copy) 1841 New South Wales, Australia Census Australia, Births and Baptisms, 1792-1981 Ireland, Catholic Parish Registers, 1655-1915 London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917 London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932 New South Wales, Australia, Butts of Marriage Licenses, 1813-1835, 1894 New South Wales, Australia, Certificates of Freedom, 1810-1814, 1827-1867 New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents, 1788-1842 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Records, 1810-1891 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Registers of Conditional and Absolute Pardons, 1788-1870 New South Wales, Australia, Gaol Description and Entrance Books, 1818-1930 New South Wales, Australia, Settler and Convict Lists, 1787-1834 New South Wales, Australia, Tickets of Leave, 1810-1869 New South Wales, Census and Population Books, 1811-1825 Online Family Trees Findmypast England & Wales, Crime, Prisons & Punishment, 1770-1935 New South Wales Will Books 1800-1952 Other Websites Australian Cemeteries Index, http://austcemindex.com/ Australian Royalty, https://australianroyalty.net.au/ Biographical Database of Australia, http://www.bda-online.org.au/ Camden History Notes, https://camdenhistorynotes.wordpress.com/ Convict Records, https://convictrecords.com.au/ Find a Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/ Free Settler or Felon? https://www.jenwilletts.com/ Graeme Challinor’s Pages, http://gundaroo.info/genealogy/cemeteries/kippilaw/kippilaw.htm Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive, https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/ Locating London’s Past, https://www.locatinglondon.org/ NSW Land Registry Services, http://hlrv.nswlrs.com.au/ NSW Registry of Births, Deaths, Marriages, https://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au/ NSW State Archives and Records, https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/ Old Bailey Proceedings Online, https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/ Our Family Past, https://www.ourfamilypast.com/ Our Family Tree, https://www.ourfamtree.org/ Publicans’ Licences for Western NSW and some of Central NSW, https://rusheensweb.com/ Roots Chat, https://www.rootschat.com/ Rootsweb, https://lists.rootsweb.com/ Tasmanian Archives and Heritage Office (TAHO), https://www.libraries.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/. Online Newspapers British Newspapers (Findmypast) Essex Herald TROVE Crookwell Gazette Goulburn Evening Penny Post Goulburn Herald The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser The Sydney Herald The Sydney Morning Herald

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Publications Bubacz, Beryl M., The Female and Male Orphan Schools in New South Wales, 1801-1850, Post Graduate Thesis, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Aug 2007, https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/2474. Doughty, Janice, “Our History”, Crookwell Gazette, 21 February 2018, https://www.crookwellgazette.com.au/story/5242974/the-life-of-mr-mcguiness/. Greaves, Bernard, 'Blackman, James (1792–1868)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/blackman-james-1790/text2021, published first in hardcopy 1966, accessed online 31 May 2019. Smith, Sydney G/Bertie, Charles H, Old Sydney, Angus & Robertson, Sydney 1911. Tracey, Jennifer Lambert, Coordinator, Upper Lachlan Shire Community Heritage Study 2007-2008, https://www.upperlachlan.nsw.gov.au/sites/upperlachlan/files/public/images/documents/upperlachlan/Planning/Heritage/19 054-Part1UpperLachlanShireHeritageStudyFinal2010.pdf. Willis, Ian, Camden History Notes, “Mummel and a Cowpastures Oligarch”, https://camdenhistorynotes.wordpress.com/2018/03/12/mummel-goulburn-plains-colonial-nsw/.

© Leonie Fretwell, 2019

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