DOCSLIB.ORG

Episode Three

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

EPISODE THREE THE PEOPLE ARE REVOLTING OVERVIEW Getting started Certificate of Freedom. He was then free to become a settler or to return ‘Australia started as a social experiment.’ One of the primary reasons for the home. Convicts that misbehaved, – Tony Robinson British settlement of Australia was the however, were often sent to a place establishment of a penal colony. Trans- of secondary punishment where they sAny convicts in your family? portation to Australia was a common would suffer additional punishment punishment handed out for both major and solitary confinement. sThe website of the Australian Gov- and petty crimes. At the time it was ernment provides a comprehensive seen as a more humane alternative to ‘The People are Revolting’ examines account of this period in Australia’s execution. Between 1787 and 1868, the enforcement of law and order in history and provides links to other over 162,000 British and Irish convicts the colony of New South Wales. As the online resources. Explore <http:// were transported to Australia. early settlers began to sink their roots australia.gov.au/about-australia/ deeper into the soils of the new colony, australian-story/convicts-and-the If a convict was well behaved, the the first rumblings of liberty and free- -british-colonies>. convict could be given a ticket of dom began. The authority of the penal leave, and at the end of the convict’s government was questioned more and s‘He got convicted for stealing a tea sentence, seven years in most more by the convicts and even by the set.’ – Tony Robinson cases, the convict was issued with a soldiers themselves. What was the Bloody Code? Research transportation to Australia at <http://www.nationalarchives.gov. uk/podcasts/transportation-australia. htm>. As a class debate the contention, ‘That the punishment should fit the crime’. sWhat do you think would have been the worst aspect of being a convict SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 19 in Australia? Share your answer with the class. Can you think of any ad- vantages of being transported to the colonies? PINCHGUT ISLAND Pinchgut Island, or as it is now known, Fort Denison, is a former penal site and defensive facility occupying a small island located north of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. Prior to European settlement, the island was known as Mat-te-wan-ye. It was initially named Rock Island but came by the name Pinchgut in 1788, after a convict named Thomas Hill was Discuss s How does the newsreel portray Fort sentenced to a week on bread and water Denison? in irons there. Have you ever visited Fort Denison? If you have, share your memories of the s What did you notice about the By 1796, a gibbet had been installed on visit with others in the class. production values of the newsreel? Pinchgut. The first convict to be hanged from the gibbet was probably Francis Morgan. Student activity THE 1804 BATTLE OF s What other functions has Fort VINEGAR HILL Student activity: Denison served? Use print and electronic texts to research the ‘Death or liberty.’ s What is a gibbet? history of Fort Denison. When you have completed your research, think In March 1798, Ireland was declared to s What crimes did Francis Morgan of a way to present the information be in a state of insurrection. Under the commit? to the class. You could construct a Insurrection Act, Magistrates and Military timeline, make a PowerPoint, draw a Officers were empowered to arrest and s Why was Pinchgut Island Francis comic, write a fictional story, assume punish, by death or otherwise, according Morgan’s place of execution? the persona of a tour guide or make to their discretion, people committing a series of postcards. treasonable acts or even suspected of Francis Morgan’s convict record is treason. Many thousands were, without registered online at <http://www.convict any judicial trial or investigation, flogged, records.com.au/convicts/morgan/francis/ Extension tortured, transported or executed. 60164> An Australia Today newsreel dating from The first Battle of Vinegar Hill occurred Fort Denison is now a museum, tourist 1939 provides a nostalgic look at the his- on 21 June 1798, when over 15,000 attraction and a popular location for tory of Fort Denison. You can watch two British soldiers launched an attack wedding receptions and corporate clips from the newsreel on the Australian on Vinegar Hill outside Enniscorthy in events. Screen website at <http://aso.gov.au/ County Wexford, Ireland. The battle titles/newsreels/australia-today-fort marked a turning point in the Irish -denison-p/>. Rebellion of 1798, as it was the last attempt by the rebels to hold and defend A newsreel was a form of short docu- ground against the British military. mentary film that was popular in the first half of the twentieth century. It was Extensive information about the uprising a source of news, current affairs and can be found on the website of Ireland’s entertainment for millions of moviego- National 1798 Visitor Centre at <http:// ers until television took its place in the www.1798centre.ie/index.htm>. 1950s. Newsreels are now considered significant historical documents. Australia’s very own Battle of Vinegar SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 20 Hill occurred in the colony of New South Teachers should use this resource to The penal station was established in Wales in 1804. locate relevant primary and secondary 1830 as a timber-getting camp, produc- sources. ing sawn logs for government projects. The sending of Irish political prisoners After 1833, Port Arthur became a jail for to Australia changed the colony of New Primary accounts of the Battle of Vinegar repeat offenders, and by 1840, it held South Wales. The Irish convicts did not Hill are found in the Historical Records of over 2000 convicts. In 1848, the first see English authority as legitimate in Ire- NSW <http://publications.nsw.gov.au/ stone was laid for the Separate Prison, land and were not prepared to recognise pub/d4e/2ed/d4e2eda2e84ca3ceee6240 the completion of which brought about its legitimacy in Australia either. They 4c8580b4bc5b612270/document.pdf> a shift in punishment philosophy from conspired to be free of the brutal tedium on pp.353–8. physical to mental subjugation. of convict life and the harshness of con- vict discipline. Their ultimate goal was to Convicts at Port Arthur were subjected escape from the penal colony by ship. Student activity to a range of punishments including loss of privileges, hard labour, head shaving, The leaders of the 4 March 1804 rebel- sLearn more about the Battle of the treadmill, shackles, leg irons and lion were Phillip Cunningham and William Vinegar Hill online at: flogging. With the opening of the Sepa- Johnston. Phillip Cunningham was a rate Prison, solitary confinement became veteran of the 1798 conflict in Ireland - http://about.nsw.gov.au/ the preferred method of punishment. and the mutiny of the convict transport encyclopedia/article/battle-of ship Ann. William Johnston was another -vinegar-hill-5-march/ Transportation to Van Diemen’s Land Irish convict. ended in 1853 and Port Arthur became - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ a place to send convicts who were too The plan involved torching John Macar- Castle_Hill_convict_rebellion physically or mentally disabled to look thur’s property at Elizabeth Farm in order after themselves. The penal settlement to draw the Parramatta garrison out of - http://www.dictionaryofsydney. finally closed in 1877. Many of the set- the town. Once this was done the rebels org/entry/castle_hill_convict_ tlement’s buildings were pulled down or in Parramatta would rise up and set fire rebellion_1804 gutted by fire. Others were sold to pri- to the town as a signal. The Castle Hill vate settlers and gradually a small town, rebels would gather at Constitution Hill - http://www.hawkesburyhistory. named Carnarvon, was established. and then raid the barracks for more arms org.au/articles/Battle_of_Vinegar. and ammunition. From there the rebels html The Port Arthur Historic Site Manage- would march to Windsor and join up ment Authority is now responsible for with the rebels in the Hawkesbury before sWrite an account of the Battle of the site’s management and conservation marching on Sydney. Vinegar Hill that may have been as a place of international significance. published in the Sydney Gazette at Port Arthur is Tasmania’s premier tourist Major George Johnston led the group the time. attraction. of New South Wales Corps soldiers and members of the Active Defence militia Or The official website for Port Arthur who pursued the rebels. Governor Philip is a useful resource for teachers and Gidley King’s retribution for the rebellion Write an account of the Battle of students wanting to learn more about was swift. King believed that punishing Vinegar Hill that may have been Australia’s convict past <http://www. the leaders would pacify the convicts published in a Dublin newspaper at portarthur.org.au>. who had followed them. the time. The location of the Battle of Vinegar Hill Discuss is in Castlebrook Cemetery, Rouse Hill PORT ARTHUR and is marked by a memorial. sHave you visited Port Arthur? Share your recollections of the time that A comprehensive index of references to ‘How do you punish someone who’s al- you spent there with the class. the Battle of Vinegar Hill can be found at ready being punished in a penal colony?’ <http://trove.nla.gov.au/list?id=10594>. – Tony Robinson Student Activity The peninsula on which Port Arthur is located was deemed suitable for a penal sWhy does Tony Robinson tell the station. It was a naturally secure site story of the bushranger James given it was surrounded by water that at Carrot? the time was rumoured to be shark in- fested.
Recommended publications
  • AUSTRALIA: COLONIAL LIFE and SETTLEMENT Parts 1 to 3

    AUSTRALIA: COLONIAL LIFE and SETTLEMENT Parts 1 to 3

    AUSTRALIA: COLONIAL LIFE AND SETTLEMENT Parts 1 to 3 AUSTRALIA: COLONIAL LIFE AND SETTLEMENT The Colonial Secretary's Papers, 1788-1825, from the State Records Authority of New South Wales Part 1: Letters sent, 1808-1825 Part 2: Special bundles (topic collections), proclamations, orders and related records, 1789-1825 Part 3: Letters received, 1788-1825 Contents listing PUBLISHER'S NOTE TECHNICAL NOTE CONTENTS OF REELS - PART 1 CONTENTS OF REELS - PART 2 CONTENTS OF REELS - PART 3 AUSTRALIA: COLONIAL LIFE AND SETTLEMENT Parts 1 to 3 AUSTRALIA: COLONIAL LIFE AND SETTLEMENT The Colonial Secretary's Papers, 1788-1825, from the State Records Authority of New South Wales Part 1: Letters sent, 1808-1825 Part 2: Special bundles (topic collections), proclamations, orders and related records, 1789-1825 Part 3: Letters received, 1788-1825 Publisher's Note "The Papers are the foremost collection of public records which relate to the early years of the first settlement and are an invaluable source of information on all aspects of its history." Peter Collins, former Minister for the Arts in New South Wales From the First Fleet in 1788 to the establishment of settlements across eastern Australia (New South Wales then encompassed Tasmania and Queensland as well), this project describes the transformation of Australia from a prison settlement to a new frontier which attracted farmers, businessmen and prospectors. The Colonial Secretary's Papers are a unique source for information on: Conditions on the prison hulks Starvation and disease in early Australia
  • Emancipists and Escaped Convicts

    Emancipists and Escaped Convicts

    Emancipists and escaped convicts Convicts who finished their sentence or were pardoned by the Governor were freed and given the same rights as free settlers. They were called emancipists. Other convicts tried to gain their freedom by escaping. Emancipists Although many emancipists became successful citizens, free settlers looked down on them because of their convict backgrounds. The emancipists believed they had the natural right to live in the colonies, because the colonies had been set up especially for them. Many emancipists owned large properties and made fortunes from the thriving wool industry. When she was 13 years old, Mary Reibey aussie fact stole a horse. As punishment, she was transported to Australia for seven years. Because there were very few Mary married a free settler and was women in the colonies, women “ emancipated. When her husband died, convicts were emancipated if “Mary took over his shipping business. they married free settlers. She had seven children to care for, but she ran the business successfully by herself. Over time, she made a fortune. 14 2SET_WAA_TXT_2pp.indd 14 5/12/08 1:43:44 PM A police magistrate could offer a ticket of leave to convicts who worked hard and behaved themselves. Convicts with tickets of leave Some convicts who behaved well qualified for a ‘ticket of leave’ or ‘certificate of freedom’. They became emancipists and could earn their own living. They were watched, however, for the rest of their sentence. If they misbehaved, their ticket could be cancelled. Escaped convicts Convict William Buckley escaped in 1803. In the penal colonies, convicts were not kept behind bars.
  • LAYING CLIO's GHOSTS on the SHORES of NEW HOLLAND* the Title Does Not Foreshadow an Ex

    LAYING CLIO's GHOSTS on the SHORES of NEW HOLLAND* the Title Does Not Foreshadow an Ex

    EMPTY HISTORICAL BOXES OF THE EARLY DAYS: LAYING CLIO'S GHOSTS ON THE SHORES OF NEW HOLLAND* By DUNCAN ~T ACC.ALU'M HE title does not foreshadow an exhumation of the village Hampdens, as Webb T called them,! buried on the shores of Botany Bay. In fact, they were probably thieves, but let their ;-emains rest in peace. No, the metaphor in the title is from an analogy from a memorable controversy in value theory in Economics. 2 The title was meant to suggest the need for giving some historical content to the emotions that have accompanied discussions of the early period. Some of the figures which seem to have been conjured up by historical writers have been given malignancy but 110t identity. Yet these faceless men of the past, and the roles for which they have been cast, seem to distort the play of life. And indeed, it is perhaps because the historical boxes have remained unfilled, and because the background-the rest of the play and action-has not been fully explored, that some people of the early period, well known to us by name, have been interpreted in the light of twentieth-century prejudice and political controversy. We know all too little about the quality of day-to-day life in early Australia, the spiritual and material existence of the early Europeans, their energies, their activities and outlook. In the first stage of an inquiry I have been pursuing into our early social history, I am concerned not with these more elusive yet in a way more interesting questions, but in what sort of colony it was with the officers, the gaol and the port.
  • William Buelow Gould--Convict Artist in Van Diemen's Land

    William Buelow Gould--Convict Artist in Van Diemen's Land

    PAP~:<:Rs AND PRoCE::8DJNGS OF THE ROYAL Sf.tf"IETY oF TASMANIA, VoLUME 9:3 WILLIAM BUELOW GOULD--CONVICT ARTIST IN VAN DIEMEN'S LAND By !SABELLA MEAD* (With 1 Plate) When I came first to the Launceston Museum I brought William Buelow Gould to Van Diemen's found very many paintings by a convict named Land. He writes of him:- Gould. Very soon visitors were asking me questions about him and I proceeded to read what had been " This poor wretch is another example of the written. It seemed very little. In fact, it amounted baneful effects produced by gambling. He to the notes that had been put together by Mr. has been a pupil of Mulreadys-his true name Henry Allport for an exhibition of Tasmanian art is Holland-his friends residing in Stafford are held in Hobart in 1931. These notes were published chinaware manufacturers. in the " Mercury " newspaper and then put together He got into a gambling set in Liverpool, lost in pamphlet form. Every subsequent writer on his money and to redeem it and being fond Gould has used them. of play he got initiated and became a regular When people said, however," vVhen was he born? member of the set of sharpers. When did he die? Was he marri.ed? Did he leave In the course of his practices he came to any family? Did he paint only in oil?", I had to London and was at one time intimate with reply, "I do not know." I am still not certain when the notorious Thurthill, the murderer, and he was born, but I know when he died.
  • History of New South Wales from the Records

    History of New South Wales from the Records

    This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us.
  • Life on Board

    Life on Board

    Supported by the Sydney Mechanics’ School of the Arts Life on Board Australian Curriculum: Stage 5 – The Making of the Modern World – Depth Study 1 (Making a Better World) – Movement of Peoples (1750-1901) Australian Curriculum - Content ACOKFH015: The nature and extent of the movement of peoples in the period (slaves, convicts and settlers) ACDSEH083: The experience of slaves, convicts and free settlers upon departure, their journey abroad, and their reactions on arrival, including the Australian experience Australian Curriculum – Historical Skills ACHHS165: Use historical terms and concepts ACHHS170: Process and synthesise information from a range of sources for use as evidence in an historical argument NSW Syllabus: Stage 5 – The Making of the Modern World – Depth Study 1 (Making a Better World) – Topic 1b: Movement of Peoples (1750-1901) NSW Syllabus - Outcomes HT5-6: Uses relevant evidence from sources to support historical narratives, explanations and analyses of the modern world and Australia 1 Supported by the Sydney Mechanics’ School of the Arts HT5-9: Applies a range of relevant historical terms and concepts when communicating an understanding of the past Assumed Knowledge ACDSEH018: The influence of the Industrial Revolution on the movement of peoples throughout the world, including the transatlantic slave trade and convict transportation Key Inquiry Questions What was the experience of convicts during their journey to Australia? 2 Supported by the Sydney Mechanics’ School of the Arts Time: Activity overview: Resources 40 -45 mins Students are given the ‘Life on Board’ worksheet and Dictionary of Sydney articles: a copy of the article on the ship the Charlotte. As a class, teacher and students work through the article First Fleet picking out the information that indicates the nature of life on board a First Fleet ship.
  • Susan Courtney – Middlesex

    Susan Courtney – Middlesex

    Bond of Friendship Susan Courtney – Middlesex Susan Courtney Date of Trial: 16 April 1817 Where Tried: Middlesex Gaol Delivery Crime: Having forged bank notes Sentence: 14 years Est YOB: 1793 Stated Age on Arrival: 25 Native Place: London Occupation: Servant Alias/AKA: Susannah Courtney, Susan Peck (m) Marital Status (UK): Children on Board: Surgeon’s Remarks: A common prostitute, insolent and mutinous Assigned NSW or VDL VDL On 8 April 1817 Susan (alternatively Susannah) Courtney was remanded in custody on two charges which were heard at the Old Bailey on 16 April 1817. Susan Courtney, 24, from New Prison, committed by R. Baker, Esq. charged on oath, with feloniously disposing of and putting away to John Austen the younger, a false, forged and counterfeited Bank note, purporting to be a note of the Governor and Company of the Bank of England, for payment of five pounds, knowing the same to be forged, with intent to defraud the said Governor and Company. Detained charged on oath, for putting away to John Austen, a counterfeit Bank-note, for Two pounds, knowing the same to be counterfeited, with intent to defraud the said Governor and Company.1 For the charge of feloniously and knowingly having a forged Bank of England note in her custody and possession, she pleaded guilty and was sentenced to transportation for fourteen years. No evidence was presented for the second charge and she was therefore found not guilty of this offence.2 Following the trial she was taken to Newgate Prison to await embarkation on the convict vessel which would transport her to the other side of the world.
  • Macquarie University Researchonline

    Macquarie University Researchonline

    Macquarie University ResearchOnline This is the author version of an article published as: Walsh, Robin. (1999). Journeys in time: digitising the past, exploring the future. LASIE, Vol. 30, No. 3, p. 35-44. Access to the published version: http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/77226/20071011-0000/www.sl.nsw.gov.au/lasie/sep99/sep99.pdf Copyright: State Library of New South Wales Abstract: Journeys in Time 1809-1822 is a major research initiative undertaken by Macquarie University Library to create an electronic archive of selected writings by Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie. It forms part of the Accessible Lifelong Learning (ALL) Project, a joint partnership between Macquarie University and the State Library of New South Wales. Journeys in Time is designed to provide scholarly access to primary source texts describing early colonial life in Australia. It also seeks to commemorate some of the tangible links between Macquarie University and its namesake, Lachlan Macquarie, the fifth governor of the colony of New South Wales (1810-1822). This article traces the development of the Journeys in Time project and explores some of the technical and design challenges that had to be met in the preparation of the transcripts and hypertext versions of the original documents. Journeys in Time: Digitising the Past, Exploring the Future... Robin Walsh. Manager, Library Design & Media Production Unit. Macquarie University Library NSW 2109. phone:(02)9850 7554 fax: (02) 9850 7513 email: [email protected] Introduction The Accessible Lifelong Learning (ALL) Project is a joint initiative of Macquarie University and the State Library of New South Wales to establish a ‘gateway’ web site for the provision of community-based information and lifelong learning opportunities.
  • NEWSLETTER No 95 July – September 2013 Price $3.00 Free to Members of the Society

    NEWSLETTER No 95 July – September 2013 Price $3.00 Free to Members of the Society

    1 Bathurst District Historical Society Inc. NEWSLETTER No 95 July – September 2013 Price $3.00 Free to Members of the Society FROM THE PRESIDENT Blaxland’s talk at the Society’s Museum. The Bathurst District Historical Society continues to The various activities being held in conjunction with have a great deal happening at present and in many Ben Hall are in full swing with ever increasing areas. Our first International Museum Day was a interest in the event. It is quite amazing the number great success and there are improvements and of people who are receiving the Ben Hall Raid additions to be added into next year’s event. Weekend Festival e-newsletter to date. See further Samantha Friend did a great job in organising the information in this member’s newsletter. special day which saw several new members join the The Society has organised a ‘Historic Colonial Society. Houses’ bus trip to three homes at Parramatta. It is Since our last member’s newsletter actual taking place on Sunday 25th August and includes - construction work has commenced on the new Hambledon Cottage, Elizabeth Farm and Experiment garden at Old Government Cottage. The Society’s Farm Cottage. See further details in this newsletter training program for the new Mosaic software will but book early now as there are only 53 seats. take place in July to allow the Society to list all its I attended the autumn colours presentation evening collection with one or more photos of each item, which concluded the most successful range of details of the item’s history, who made the donation, functions over the three month period.
  • Rum Rebellion”: Concerted Effort Required to Defeat the New Rum Corps

    Rum Rebellion”: Concerted Effort Required to Defeat the New Rum Corps

    A new “Rum Rebellion”: Concerted effort required to defeat the new Rum Corps 2010 was the bicentenary of Governor Macquarie’s arrival in NSW and his dealings with the infamous Rum Corps. He refused to join them and ensured their disbandment. Power had become entrenched within the officers of the military garrison. They had a monopoly on the procurement of alcohol and in the “Rum rebellion” overthrew the previous Governor Captain William Bligh who it is understood, attempted to impose some order and support for a broader constituency base. 201 years later and little has changed in this former penal colony as a metamorphosed liquor industry 1 exerts its dominance and pervasive influence over the critical political decision making process. More and more outstanding research on the costs and consequences of the irresponsible supply chain of the promotion, sale, service, supply and consumption of alcohol, particularly amongst our vulnerable and impressionable younger generation and indigenous population, only reinforces what we already know. Alcohol has become the currency of “having a good time”. Drunk is good. Drinking celebrates sporting success. Drinking is patriotic. Alternatively, alcohol harm reduction advocates diametrically frame their “solutions” around effective cost saving availability/supply related measures given the extent to which the industry and regulators have so successfully culturally inoculated their younger target audience against moderate drinking. Research shows that per capita consumption of alcohol was at an all time high in Australia. Even more disturbing, 80% of alcohol consumed among 14 - 24 yr olds was done dangerously. This is great news for and illuminates the success of the new Rum Corps whilst highlighting the weakness of solely relying upon the orthodox “evidenced based approach to challenge harmful drinking”.
  • ROLLINGS, John Aboard Second Fleet Neptune 1790

    ROLLINGS, John Aboard Second Fleet Neptune 1790

    JOHN ROLLINGS - SECOND FLEET - One of 502 Convicts Transported on “Neptune” 1790 Sentenced to 7 years at Launceston Assizes Transported to New South Wales NAME: JOHN ROLLINGS TRANSPORTED AS: JOHN ROWLING ALSO KNOWN AS: John Rawling, John Rowling AGE: TRIED: 24 March 1787, Launceston Assizes SENTENCE: Death Sentence recorded; Reprieved; Transportation for 7 Years CRIME: Stealing a Bay Mare GAOL REPORT: SHIP: Neptune (transferred from “Surprize”) - Departed Portsmouth 19 January 1790, arrived Botany Bay 26 June 1790, a voyage of 160 days. On board were 502 convicts - 424 male convicts (147 of whom died), and 78 female convicts (11 of whom died); in addition, 12 survivors of the “Guardian” joined the vessel in February 1790. Master Donald Trail, Surgeon William Gray CONVICT VESSEL “NEPTUNE” – The “Neptune” was one of three vessels (Neptune/Surprise/Scarborough) that made up the Second Fleet to New South Wales. She embarked her convicts in December 1789 and sailed from England on 19 January 1790. Charles Bateson (“The Convict Ships 1787-1768”) claims that the “Neptune” carried 436 male convicts and 78 female convicts (a total of 514 convicts). She relanded three convicts before leaving England. One hundred and fifty eight convicts died aboard the “Neptune” during the voyage to Port Jackson – 147 men, and 11 women. The three ships of the Second Fleet arrived at the Cape of Good Hope, in company, on 13 April 1790, following a passage of just 84 days from Portsmouth. The “Neptune” embarked an additional twelve convicts at the Cape of Good Hope – survivors of the “Guardian” shipwreck. On 28 June 1790 the “Neptune” made landfall at Port Jackson, 158 days after leaving England.
  • 89 Chapter 3 the Female Orphan School and Its

    89 Chapter 3 the Female Orphan School and Its

    89 CHAPTER 3 THE FEMALE ORPHAN SCHOOL AND ITS OPERATION DURING MACQUARIE’S GOVERNORSHIP The situation in the colony facing the incoming fifth Governor, was one which would require strong leadership to restore order. We shall be examining Lachlan Macquarie’s background, and also his involvement with the Female Orphan School. The part his wife Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie was to play in that institution will also engage our attention, as well as her background, her strong personality, and her leadership role as Patroness of the School. When a decision was made to relocate the School from Sydney to Arthur’s Hill, Parramatta we shall consider the Rev. Marsden’s activity in overseeing the construction. The problems he encountered in the construction will be discussed as well as the on-going inadequacies of the buildings. The enlargement of the Committee by the re-instatement of former members; by the nomination of the wives of prominent men; and by the inclusion of other gentlemen will be discussed, as well as the numerous deliberations which engaged the Committee’s attention. Changes in staff of Masters and Matrons were made in this period, and the contribution made by these people who were charged with the day-to- day running of the School will be noted. The change in the monitorial system of the School will be mentioned and the punishment meted out to one of the girls will be examined. Finally an argument linking Governor Macquarie’s humane approach to emancipists to his policies relating to the Orphan Schools, will be made in this chapter.