DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparisons of Epoxy Technology for Protective Coatings and Linings In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparisons of Epoxy Technology for Protective Coatings and Linings In ComparisonsComparisons ofof EpoxyEpoxy TechnologyTechnology forfor ProtectiveProtective CoatingsCoatings andand LiningsLinings inin WastewaterWastewater FacilitiesFacilities By John D. Durig, General Polymers, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Aeration tank at a wastewater plant. Bis F epoxy resin with an aliphatic or a cycloaliphatic amine curing agent is appropriate. Editor’s Note: This article was first presented at SSPC (Photos courtesy of the author) 99, The Industrial Protective Coatings Conference and Exhibit, November 14-18, 1999, in Houston, TX, USA, and published in The Proceedings of the Seminars, SSPC 99-14, pp. 31-37. poxy technology and methods of curing and Epoxy Resin Technology E reacting with amine-based hardeners have There are three types of epoxy resins that find application continued to evolve since the first epoxy patents were is- in wastewater treatment facilities: bisphenol A, bisphenol sued in the 1930s. The possible reactions combined with F, and novolac resins. These resins all result from reac- wide-ranging formulation additives have resulted in a myri- tions of epichlorohydrin with phenolic compounds. The ad of products that can easily confuse decision makers type and number of phenolic groups determine both when it comes to product selection. Adding to the confu- physical and performance properties of the cured resin. sion is the wide range of environmental factors that must be considered when choosing a protective coating system. Bisphenol A Resin Structure This article will identify the primary differences be- Bisphenol A is a reaction product of phenol and acetone. tween three types of epoxies and four types of amine- Bisphenol A is reacted with epichlorohydrin to form based hardeners typically used in coatings for wastewater diglycidylether bisphenol A resin or DGEBA. The resul- treatment facilities. A brief description of chemical struc- tant epoxy resin is a liquid with a honey-like consistency. ture will assist those with some chemistry background, DGEBA is most often used in solvent-free coatings and but the important issue is the performance derived from flooring systems. each specific chemistry. After the discussion of perfor- The molecular weight of the formulation is increased mance, combinations of epoxy resins and curing agents by adding more bisphenol A to liquid DGEBA to form suitable for specific structures and areas in wastewater fa- semi-solid or solid resins. These resins are cut in solvent cilities will be identified. Finally, to assist decision makers to allow their use as maintenance primers for steel or as in selecting the right products, a simple method utilizing corrosion-resistant films. material safety data sheets (MSDS) will be presented. The higher the molecular weight is, the higher the vis- JPCL May 2000 49 Copyright ©2000, Technology Publishing Company Table 1: centipoises [cP]) that of bisphenol A Typical Epoxy Properties resins. Additionally, there is a higher proportion of trifunctional epoxy mol- Property DGEBA DGEBF Novolac ecules, which increases the function- Molecular weight 370 370 504 ality available for crosslinking from 1.9 to 2.1. Viscosity @ 25 C (77 F) 11,000-15,000 cps 2,500-5,000 cps 20,000-50,000 cps Epoxide equivalent weight 177-192 159-172 185-200 Novolac Epoxy Resins Functionality 1.9 2.1 2.6-3.5 Novolacs are modifications of bisphe- nol F resins formed using excess phe- nol. Bisphenol F is the simplest novolac resin, but should not to be confused with its related higher functionality analogs. Its functionality and performance properties are quite different than true novolacs. Bisphenol F epoxy resin performance in wastewater treatment facilities is between bisphenol A epoxy resin and true novolac. For the purpose of this article, bisphenol F epoxy resin will be considered its own class. This will be an important is- sue for decision makers; some manufacturers do not dis- tinguish between bisphenol F and other novolac epoxy resins. Not distinguishing between the two resins can re- sult in using a product that does not perform adequately or buying a more expensive and more durable system than the exposure environment requires. The viscosity of novolac resins is significantly higher than that of bisphenol F resins. As important, the func- Secondary containment at a wastewater treatment facility. An epoxy tionality is considerably greater. The higher viscosity and novolac resin or a Bis F epoxy resin is appropriate along with a cycloaliphatic amine curing agent. greater functionality of the novolacs make their heat and chemical resistance properties superior to those of bisphenol F. Table 1 summarizes the key chemical prop- erties of the epoxy resins described. cosity and functionality of the resin are. Therefore, in- creasing molecular weight brings the resin to a consisten- Performance Differences cy that requires solvent to allow for application to the among Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, substrate. and Novolac Resins Functionality is fundamentally the number of sites Bisphenol A epoxy resin is the workhorse resin for the available for reaction with curing agents. More reactive majority of chemically curing epoxy coatings for concrete sites per molecule result in a tighter and more three-di- and steel. It is used extensively because of its excellent mensional crosslink density. Increasing functionality thus adhesion, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical resis- increases strength and chemical resistance, thus allowing tance. the resins to be used in maintenance primers. Bisphenol F resins have been steadily gaining ground in civil engineering applications because of their resis- Bisphenol F Resin Structure tance to a wider range of chemicals. There are two Bisphenol F is similar to bisphenol A except phenol is re- main reasons for their chemical resistance properties. acted with formaldehyde rather than acetone. The resul- First, bisphenol F systems have slightly higher function- tant phenolic chemical does not have the two methyl ality than bisphenol A. The higher functionality pro- groups that are present between the ring structures in vides more reaction sites, leading to a tighter and more bisphenol A resins. Bisphenol F is reacted with epichloro- three-dimensional crosslink density. Crosslink density hydrin to form diglycidylether bisphenol F (DGEBF) determines chemical resistance. Second, relative to resins. Because of the missing methyl groups, the viscosi- bisphenol A resins, bisphenol F resins have lower vis- ty of bisphenol F resins are typically 1/3 (2,500-5,000 cosity. Lower viscosity means fewer additives and dilu- 50 JPCL May 2000 Copyright ©2000, Technology Publishing Company Amine-Based Table 2: Epoxy Curing Agents Relative Performance Properties of Epoxy Resins For most coatings, the ambient tem- Bis A Bis F Novolac perature curing requirements demand Performance Property* Epoxy Epoxy Epoxy the use of amine-based curing agents. While the epoxy resin selection sets Adhesion 3 3 3 some limits on performance, the type 1 1 1 UV protection of curing agent provides significant Abrasion resistance 3 3 3 performance enhancements. Under- VOCs 2 3 3 standing the chemistry of basic curing Crystallization 1 3 3 agents will assist in recognizing the performance differences they impart. Moisture tolerance 3 3 3 The classes of amine hardeners in- 1 2 3 Heat resistance clude Chemical resistance 1 2 3 • aliphatic amines, –Sulfuric acid 1 2 3 • polyamides and amidoamines, –Acetone 1 2 3 • cycloaliphatic amines, and • aromatic amines. –Methanol 1 2 3 3 3 3 –Sodium hydroxide Aliphatic Amines –Organic acids 1 2 3 and their Modifications Aliphatic ethylene amines were the *Key: Scale is from 1 to 3, with 3 reflecting the highest performance among the epoxies described. first amine hardeners used in epoxy coatings. They are simple commodity chemicals that were available to react ents are needed to enhance application properties. Addi- with epoxies. They include aminoethyl piperazine (AEP), tives and diluents diminish the crosslink density, which diethylene triamine (DETA), ethylene diamine (EDA), and in turn lowers chemical resistance of any epoxy system. triethylene tetramine (TETA). The benefits of using these (Keep in mind, however, that resin content must be bal- amines include high reactivity (fast cure) at ambient tem- anced by formulators who impart other desirable prop- perature and excellent solvent resistance because of their erties by this means. Therefore, even with a pure high functionality. Disadvantages such as limited flexibili- bisphenol F resin system, additives are necessary to pro- ty and inefficient chemical reaction with the epoxy resin, vide the right surface appearance and application prop- which leads to surface carbonation or blushing, have rele- erties.) gated these amines to an additive status in their pure Compared to bisphenol A resins, bisphenol F resins state. Modifications such as adduction or pre-reaction also have less of a tendency to crystallize at low tempera- with a small amount of epoxy overcome flexibility prob- tures. Heating the resin will re-liquefy the crystals, but lems and improve compatibility with epoxy resins to re- heating is difficult to do on a job site. If crystallization is duce surface defects. Formulators generally use these severe, the crystals may appear in the final film. modified ethylene amines with other hardeners to obtain Novolac resins provide two important performance ad- desired performance properties. vantages over bisphenol F resins. First, novolac resins Other aliphatic amines include
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Approach to Prepare Polyethylene Glycol Allyl Glycidyl Ether
    E3S Web of Conferences 267, 02004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702004 ICESCE 2021 A new approach to prepare Polyethylene Glycol Allyl Glycidyl Ether Huizhen Wang1*, Ruiyang Xie1, Mingjun Chen1*, Weihao Deng1, Kaixin Zhang2, Jiaqin Liu1 1School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; 2Chengdu Jingyiqiang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Abstract. The polyethylene glycol allyl glycidyl ether (PGAGE) is an important intermediate for preparing silicone softener that can be synthesized from allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and epichlorohydrin (ECH). The performance parameters including the concentration of ECH, initial boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) as well as CaCl2 quality were investigated respectively. The optimum process parameters which can get high capping and low by-product rate are as follows: the ECH concentration is 2.0 M, the initial BFEE concentration is 1.65mM, and the CaCl2 dosage is 1.65g/L. Under these conditions, the maximal yield can be improved to 91.36%, the percent of capping rate is higher than 98.16%, the residual concentration of F- is only 0.63 mg/L. concentrated basic solution, in which the total yield was between 90%~91% by Matsuoka et al. [10] also use the 1 Introduction two-step reaction to synthesize AGE based on the reaction Polyethylene glycol allyl glycidyl ether (PGAGE) and the of allyl alcohol with ECH using BFEE as the catalyst. allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG), tethering with both Their results demonstrated that the yield reaches 82% alkene and epoxy groups, are widely used as fabric under the following condition: n (ECH) : n (allyl alcohol): finishing agent [1-2] , reactive diluent [3] , cross-linking (catalysis) = 1: (1~3) : (0.01~0.002).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Coupling Process for Synthesis of Epichlorohydrin from Dichloropropanols
    2nd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (MMECEB 2015) A new coupling process for synthesis of epichlorohydrin from dichloropropanols Dawei Wu, Sumin Zhou* School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223005, China [email protected] Keywords: dichloropropanol, epichlorohydrin, tubular reactor, wiped film evaporation. Abstract. As an important material used in the production of epoxy resins, epichlorohydrin is usually derived from the saponification and cyclization of dichloropropanol in a tower reacting system. In order to reduce energy consumption and wastewater discharge, a new process of tubular reactor coupled with wiped film evaporation was adopt to produce epichlorohydrin. The effects of different technological parameters on the yield of the coupling process were investigated, such as reactants' molar ratio, reaction & evaporation temperature, residence time and so on. Results indicated that the use of coupling process will significantly reduce the material consumption and shorter the reaction time. This coupling process provided a useful suggestion for the design of the industrial plants. 1. Introduction Epichlorohydyin（ECH）, also known as 1-chloro-2, 3-epoxy propane, is an important chemical material, mainly used to synthesizing epoxy resin, chlorohydrins rubber, pesticide, plasticizer and so on [1]. The main method to produce ECH is high-temperature chlorination of propylene [2]. With the fast-development of biodiesel production, the use of glycerol for producing ECH [3-4] is going to mature and has become an important industrial technological process [5]. Although the difference raw materials were used, the processes also consist of two reaction steps as well. First step is the saponification and cyclization of dichloropropanol (DCP) to produce ECH.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Glycidyl Compounds
    Office europeen des brevets (fi) Publication number : 0 491 529 A1 @ EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION @ Application number : 91311630.7 © Int. CI.5: C07D 301/28, C07D 303/24 (22) Date of filing : 13.12.91 (30) Priority : 18.12.90 GB 9027448 (72) Inventor : Thoseby, Michael Robert 29 De Freville Avenue Cambridge (GB) (43) Date of publication of application : Inventor : Rolfe, William Martin 24.06.92 Bulletin 92/26 42 Vetch Walk Haverhill, Suffolk (GB) (S) Designated Contracting States : CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL (74) Representative : Sparrow, Kenneth D. et al CIBA-GEIGY PLC. Patent Department, Central Research, Hulley Road @ Applicant : CIBA-GEIGY AG Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NX (GB) Klybeckstrasse 141 CH-4002 Basel (CH) (54) Production of glycidyl compounds. (57) A process for the production of a glycidyl ether of an alcohol, comprising reacting an alcohol with epichlorohydrin, in substantially the stoichiometric proportions required to pro- duce the 1:1 adduct, in the presence, as catal- yst, of a salt of perchloric acid or trifluoromethane sulphonic acid with a metal of Group IMA of the Periodic Table of Elements (according to the IUPAC 1970 convention) ; and then dehydrochlorinating the product so obtained. CM LU Jouve, 18, rue Saint-Denis, 75001 PARIS 1 EP 0 491 529 A1 2 The present invention relates to a process for the 100 parts by weight of the alcohol reactant. production of glycidyl compounds. The alcohol reactant may be a primary, secon- The addition reaction between epoxides and dary or tertiary alcohol. While monohydric alcohols alcohols, in the presence of a catalyst, to produce an may be used, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Gasket Chemical Services Guide
    Gasket Chemical Services Guide Revision: GSG-100 6490 Rev.(AA) • The information contained herein is general in nature and recommendations are valid only for Victaulic compounds. • Gasket compatibility is dependent upon a number of factors. Suitability for a particular application must be determined by a competent individual familiar with system-specific conditions. • Victaulic offers no warranties, expressed or implied, of a product in any application. Contact your Victaulic sales representative to ensure the best gasket is selected for a particular service. Failure to follow these instructions could cause system failure, resulting in serious personal injury and property damage. Rating Code Key 1 Most Applications 2 Limited Applications 3 Restricted Applications (Nitrile) (EPDM) Grade E (Silicone) GRADE L GRADE T GRADE A GRADE V GRADE O GRADE M (Neoprene) GRADE M2 --- Insufficient Data (White Nitrile) GRADE CHP-2 (Epichlorohydrin) (Fluoroelastomer) (Fluoroelastomer) (Halogenated Butyl) (Hydrogenated Nitrile) Chemical GRADE ST / H Abietic Acid --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Acetaldehyde 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetamide 1 1 1 1 2 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetanilide 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetic Acid, 30% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 2 3 Acetic Acid, 5% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 1 3 Acetic Acid, Glacial 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 2 3 3 Acetic Acid, Hot, High Pressure 3 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetic Anhydride 2 3 3 3 2 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetoacetic Acid 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetone Cyanohydrin 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetonitrile 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- --- --- 3 Acetophenetidine 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetophenone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetotoluidide 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetyl Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 The data and recommendations presented are based upon the best information available resulting from a combination of Victaulic's field experience, laboratory testing and recommendations supplied by prime producers of basic copolymer materials.
    [Show full text]
  • The Production of Epichlorohydrin from Glycerol. a Bachelor Integration Project for Delfzijl’S Chempark
    The production of epichlorohydrin from glycerol. A Bachelor Integration Project for Delfzijl’s Chempark Ruurd Feikes van der Heide University of Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering IE&M Bachelor Thesis Supervisor 1: prof. Dr. Ir. HJ (Erik) Heeres Supervisor 2: Dr. Ing. H. Kloosterman Syncom supervisor: Dr. Ir. Andre Heeres June 2018 Pelsterstraat 32 9711 KM Groningen (06) 13787270 [email protected] student number 2674122 1 Table of content Introduction (RDP) -Problem context -Stakeholder analysis -System description -Goal statement -Design goal -Scope -Research questions -Cycle choice Abstract Backgrounds -Glycerol -Epichlorohydrin Benchmark -Propylene into epichlorohydrin, via allyl chloride -Allyl chloride to epichlorohydrin -TRL Innovation - Glycerol into epichlorohydrin -Hydrochlorination -Hexanoic acid -Acetic acid -Dehydrochlorination -TRL Cost analysis -Hexanoic acid -Solid oxide Discussion and conclusions References Appendix 2 Problem context The city of Delfzijl (Netherlands) has a chemical park with multiple factories present. The companies at the chemical park have interrelationships with each other which results that if a few of them stop producing products, the other companies will find problems in their own existence. The committee Willems started an investigation how the chemical park should optimize its competitiveness among the business environment nowadays. Willems used to be a high ranked employee of Shell before leaving the company. The committee stated that if the companies on the park want to stay in business, changes within production methods have to be made. A more sustainable production method where green raw materials like biomass are converted into valuable products is the solution to stay competitive. Prof. Dr. Ir.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Chemistry Letters Synthesis of Allyl-Glycidyl Ether by The
    Current Chemistry Letters 6 (2017) 7–14 Contents lists available at GrowingScience Current Chemistry Letters homepage: www.GrowingScience.com Synthesis of allyl-glycidyl ether by the epoxidation of diallyl ether with t-butyl hydroperoxide over the Ti-MWW catalyst Agnieszka Wróblewskaa*, Marika Walaseka and Beata Michalkiewiczb aWest Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Institute of Organic Chemical Technology, Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland bWest Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Institute of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pulaskiego 10, 70- 322 Szczecin, Poland C H R O N I C L E A B S T R A C T Article history: In this paper, modified hydrothermal method for Ti-MWW catalyst preparation has been Received August 21, 2016 shown. Instrumental analysis of the zeolite material Ti-MWW has been performed by means Received in revised form of UV-vis spectrometry, infrared spectrometry (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X- October 24, 2016 ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray microanalysis. Moreover, the results of the epoxidation of Accepted 8 November 2016 diallyl ether (DAE) over the titanium silicate catalyst Ti-MWW and in the presence of Available online methanol have been presented. t-Butyl hydroperoxide have been applied for the first time as 9 November 2016 an oxidant for this process. The influence of temperature (20-130°C), DAE/TBHP molar ratio Keywords: (1:1-3:1), methanol concentration (10-80 wt%), amount of catalyst (1-7 wt%) and reaction Diallyl ether time (60-1440 min.) was studied. The main functions describing the process were determined Allyl-glycidyl ether on the basis of the results obtained from the gas chromatography method.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative
    polymers Article Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative Food-Contact Metal Can Coatings Nan Zhang *, Joseph B. Scarsella and Thomas G. Hartman * Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.Z.); [email protected] (T.G.H.); Tel.: +1-848-932-5543 (N.J. & T.G.H.) Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 26 November 2020; Published: 29 November 2020 Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA)-based epoxy resins have wide applications as food-contact materials such as metal can coatings. However, negative consumer perceptions toward BPA have driven the food packaging industry to develop other alternatives. In this study, four different metal cans and their lids manufactured with different BPA-replacement food-contact coatings are subjected to migration testing in order to identify migratory chemical species from the coatings. Migration tests are conducted using food simulants and conditions of use corresponding to the intended applications and regulatory guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high resolution GC-MS. The migratory compounds identified include short chain cyclic polyester migrants from polyester-based coatings and bisphenol-type migrants including tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), tetramethyl bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (TMBPF DGE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol C (BPC), and other related monomers or oligomers. The concentration of the migrants is estimated using an internal standard, and validated trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization GC-MS methods are developed to specifically quantify TMBPF, BPF, BPC, and BPA in the coatings.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 2. Hazards Identification OSHA/HCS Status : This Material Is Considered Hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Nonflammable Gas Mixture: 1,2-Dichloropropane / 1,2,3-Trichloropropane / 2, 3-Dichloropropene / Allyl Chloride / Butylene Oxide / Cis-1,3-Dichloropropene / Epichlorohydrin / Helium / Trans-1,3-Dichloropropene Section 1. Identification GHS product identifier : Nonflammable Gas Mixture: 1,2-Dichloropropane / 1,2,3-Trichloropropane / 2, 3-Dichloropropene / Allyl Chloride / Butylene Oxide / Cis-1,3-Dichloropropene / Epichlorohydrin / Helium / Trans-1,3-Dichloropropene Other means of : Not available. identification Product use : Synthetic/Analytical chemistry. SDS # : 013053 Supplier's details : Airgas USA, LLC and its affiliates 259 North Radnor-Chester Road Suite 100 Radnor, PA 19087-5283 1-610-687-5253 Emergency telephone : 1-866-734-3438 number (with hours of operation) Section 2. Hazards identification OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the : GASES UNDER PRESSURE - Compressed gas substance or mixture GHS label elements Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Warning Hazard statements : Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated. May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation. Precautionary statements General : Read and follow all Safety Data Sheets (SDS’S) before use. Read label before use. Keep out of reach of children. If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. Close valve after each use and when empty. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Do not open valve until connected to equipment prepared for use. Use a back flow preventative device in the piping. Use only equipment of compatible materials of construction. Prevention : Use and store only outdoors or in a well ventilated place. Response : Not applicable.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 4,284,573 Arnett Et Al
    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,284,573 Arnett et al. 45) Aug. 18, 1981 54 PREPARATION OF GLYCIDYL ETHERS OTHER PUBLICATIONS 75 Inventors: John F. Arnett, Newton; George A. Chemical Abstracts, vol. 87 (1977) 22359X. Doorakian, Bedford, both of Mass. Primary Examiner-Norma S. Milestone 73) Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Michael L. Glenn Midland, Mich. 57 ABSTRACT 21 Appl. No.: 80,769 A process for producing glycidyl ethers of phenols is described which comprises the steps of: (22 Filed: Oct. 1, 1979 (1) reacting by contacting, in liquid phase, a phenol with excess epichlorohydrin in the presence of a catalytic 5ll Int. Cl............................................. CO7D 301/28 amount of tetrahydrocarbyl phosphonium bicarbon 52 U.S. Cl. ........................... 260/348.15; 260/348.19 ate salt, to thereby produce a coupled reaction prod 58) Field of Search ...................... 260/348.15, 348.18, uct comprising the corresponding propylene 260/348.19 chlorohydrin ether of said phenol; (2) devolatilizing said coupled reaction product to re 56) References Cited move excess epichlorohydrin and volatile by-pro U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ducts; and (3) contacting the devolatilized reaction product from 3,948,855 4/1976 Perry ............................... 260/47 EP Step (2) with aqueous base, thereby converting the 3,992,432 11/1976 Napier et al. ... 260/348.31 . propylenechlorohydrin groups of the coupled reac 3,996,259 12/1976. Lee et al. ..... ... 260/348.18 tion product to glycidyl ether groups. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS This process is particularly useful in preparing low 893.191 7/1970 Canada . molecular weight liquid epoxy resins by the reaction of 2335199 1/1975 Fed.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlled Synthesis of Polyepichlorohydrin with Pendant
    Controlled synthesis of polyepichlorohydrin with pendant cyclic carbonate functions for isocyanate-free polyurethane networks Anne-Laure Brocas, Gabriel Cendejas, Sylvain Caillol, Alain Deffieux, Stéphane Carlotti To cite this version: Anne-Laure Brocas, Gabriel Cendejas, Sylvain Caillol, Alain Deffieux, Stéphane Carlotti. Con- trolled synthesis of polyepichlorohydrin with pendant cyclic carbonate functions for isocyanate-free polyurethane networks. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Wiley, 2011, 49 (12), pp.2677-2684. 10.1002/pola.24699. hal-00591301 HAL Id: hal-00591301 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00591301 Submitted on 9 May 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Controlled Synthesis of Polyepichlorohydrin with Pendant Cyclic Carbonate Functions for Isocyanate-Free Polyurethane Networks ANNE-LAURE BROCAS,1 GABRIEL CENDEJAS,1 SYLVAIN CAILLOL,2 ALAIN DEFFIEUX,1 STEPHANE CARLOTTI1 1Universite´ de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polyme` res Organiques, CNRS, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France 2Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, Ecole Nationale Supe´ rieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Received 2 February 2011; accepted 1 April 2011 DOI: 10.1002/pola.24699 Published online 27 April 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Compatibility Guide
    20887Cvr:Layout 1 5/13/08 7:39 AM Page 2 Chemical Compatibility Guide Aro is pleased to present this selection guide to provide a convenient and informative reference point for pump selection. This information was compiled from information provided by material suppliers and manufacturers. The compatibility listings are intended as a guide only. We assume no liability for their accuracy on their use. The user should test under their own operating conditions to determine the suitability of any compound and material in a particular application. 20887Txt:43077 5/12/08 8:36 AM Page 1 20887Txt:43077 5/12/08 8:36 AM Page 1 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS (TPE’s) verses THERMOSETTING RUBBER DIAPHRAGMS Aro’s direction has been to move toward replacement of traditional thermoset rubber diaphragms with thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). Examples of TPE’s include: Santoprene, Nitrile (TPE) and Hytrel. TPE’s are manufactured using a plastic injection molding process where the resin, or diaphragm material, is melted and injected into a mold to produce the diaphragm. The advantages of this process includes: Features Benefits Diaphragm is molded to optimum shape Excellent flex life Homogenous part No delamination failures High performance resins Chemical, abrasion and flex life Injection molded/tight process control Low cost/consistent performance Laboratory testing has shown: Injection Mold Process Santoprene outperformed all rubber diaphragms except Buna in the mild abrasive fluids. Molded Diaphragm The Geolast diaphragm had equivalent life to the Buna diaphragms and was superior to the other rubbers compounds. 1 Teflon with the Santoprene backer exhibited the best flex life of all diaphragms during the test series.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/079437 Al 11 May 2017 (11.05.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/079437 Al 11 May 2017 (11.05.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, C08G 59/18 (2006.01) C08L 63/00 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, C08G 59/62 (2006.01) KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (21) International Application Number: OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, PCT/US2016/060332 SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, (22) International Filing Date: TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, 3 November 20 16 (03 .11.20 16) ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (26) Publication Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (30) Priority Data: TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, 62/250,217 3 November 2015 (03. 11.2015) US TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (71) Applicant: VALSPAR SOURCING, INC. [US/US]; PO LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, Box 1461, Minneapolis, MN 55440 (US).
    [Show full text]