DOCSLIB.ORG

North Atlantic and Nordic Defense Situation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
North Atlantic and Nordic Defense Situation North European and North Atlantic Defense: The Challenges Return 10/31/17 Shaping a Way Ahead for Deterrence in Depth This report is based on interviews in the UK, Canada, Norway and Denmark with regard to the evolving North Atlantic and Nordic defense situation. The report highlights the impact of Russian strategy and actions on the region and the challenges to shaping an effective deterrent strategy. North European and North Atlantic Defense: The Challenges Return North European and North Atlantic Defense: The Challenges Return SHAPING A WAY AHEAD FOR DETERRENCE IN DEPTH Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Nordic Perspectives ............................................................................................................................... 7 Defining the Challenges and Shaping a Way Ahead ...................................................................................... 7 The Perspective of the Norwegian Defense Minister ..................................................................................... 10 The Norwegian Deputy Defense Minister on Reshaping Norwegian Defense: Meeting 21st Century Challenges ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Norway, National Defense and Allied Collaboration: The Next Phase ......................................................... 17 A Norwegian Perspective on Nordic Security and Shaping a Way Ahead .................................................... 19 Information War and Hybrid Threats: Finland Launches a New Center to Focus on the Challenge .............. 22 Exercise Aurora 17: Sweden Focuses on Deterrence ..................................................................................... 26 Proposal for a New Danish Defence Agreement, 2018-2023 ....................................................................... 29 A Core Ally in NATO ............................................................................................................................................................ 29 Enhanced International Involvement .................................................................................................................................. 31 Calibrating the Russian Challenge: Putting the Cold War in the Rear View Mirror ............................. 31 Facing Core Threats in the Nordic Region: Rear Admiral Nils Wang Highlights the Strategic Option of Reverse Engineering the Russian A2/D2 Threat to Denmark ........................................................................ 31 The Russians, the Arctic and the Baltics: Activism in Support of Strategic Re-Positioning ............................ 36 Parsing Russia’s New Military Doctrine: NATO as a Core Threat ................................................................. 40 Russian-Chinese Naval Reach Expands in Joint Baltic Sea Operation .......................................................... 44 The Russians Rethink Their Approach to Warfare: Tactical Nuclear Weapons Outside the Nuclear Ladder of Escalation? ..................................................................................................................................................... 46 Shaping a Way Ahead for Force Modernization and Enhancing Deterrence in Depth ........................ 50 Norway: A Model for NATO’s Northern Tier ................................................................................................. 50 Leveraging the F-35 as Part of Danish Defense Transformation: The Perspective of the New Chief of Staff of the Royal Danish Air Force ............................................................................................................................ 53 Allies and 21st Century Weapon Systems: The Case of the Coming of the F-35 to Europe ........................... 55 Allies and 21st Century Weapons: The Maritime Domain Strike Enterprise ................................................... 59 From Deployments to the Baltic Region to Empowering the Kill Web Deterrence in Depth Approach: The UK Case ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 The Norwegian Navy and Shaping Air-Sea Integration for Norwegian Defense .......................................... 69 Burden Sharing in NATO: Innovations in Shaping a Way Ahead ................................................................. 72 Can Save 150 Persons .......................................................................................................................................................... 74 Ensures Safety ........................................................................................................................................................................ 74 Owned by Three Nations ...................................................................................................................................................... 75 Crafting Baltic Defense: A Key Role for Allied Air and Seapower ................................................................ 75 Second Line of Defense Page 1 North European and North Atlantic Defense: The Challenges Return The Return of Anti-Submarine Warfare: The Canadian Case .............................................................. 81 NATO Allies and North Atlantic Maritime Threats ........................................................................................ 81 Norway ................................................................................................................................................................................... 81 Allied Interoperability .......................................................................................................................................................... 82 Canadian Perspective on Maritime Threats ..................................................................................................................... 83 Canada and North Atlantic Defense: The Coming of the Cyclone ................................................................. 85 Canada and North Atlantic Defense: The Modernization of the CP-140 ....................................................... 90 Canada, the UK and the Seed-corn Program: Keeping UK ASW Skill Sets Alive ........................................... 97 The Return of ASW: Shaping a 21st Century Approach in the North Atlantic ............................................... 100 Conclusion: Shaping a Way Ahead in Nordic Defense ..................................................................... 106 Appendix: Contrasting the 20th Century Approach to the Kill Chain with the 21st Century Approach to the Kill Web Deterrence in Depth Approach ...................................................................................... 112 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 112 The Mobilization/Modernization Dynamic .................................................................................................. 114 From the Initial Jet Age to the Fifth Gen World ............................................................................................ 116 The XXIst Century Man-Machine Revolution: A New Distributed Information Capability and a Potential Spiral Development Design Process ............................................................................................................ 117 The Combat Learning Dynamic .................................................................................................................... 118 Tron Warfare and the Z Axis ....................................................................................................................... 120 The Payload-Utility Dynamic And the Kill Web: Leaving the Legacy Kill Chain in the Rear View Mirror ... 123 Page 2 North European and North Atlantic Defense: The Challenges Return Figure 1 Ms. Ine Eriksen Soreide. Credit: Norwegian MoD .......................................................................................... 12 Figure 2 The Norwegian Deputy Defense Minister Øystein BØ: Credit: Norwegian Ministry of Defense .......... 16 Figure 3 The current collaborative framework in terms of working nordic defense and security ......................... 21 Figure 4 Remarks by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the official inauguration of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats in Finland .......................................................................... 23 Figure 5 The New European Centre of Excellence for countering hybrid threats .................................................... 24 Figure 6 From a Swedish video about Exercise Aurora 2017 ..................................................................................... 27 Figure 7 From the Proposed Danish Defence Agreement, 2018-2023. .................................................................... 29 Figure 8 From the Proposed Danish Defence Agreement, 2018-2023. .................................................................... 30 Figure 9 The Wasraw Pact Cold War Threat to the Nordics. ..................................................................................... 33 Figure 10 The Russian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • During Obangame Express 2015, Nigerian Forces Conduct Bilateral Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure Training Aboard the USS Spearhead
    AUTHOR Kenan O’Connor During Obangame Express 2015, Nigerian forces conduct bilateral visit, board, search, and seizure training aboard the USS Spearhead. The Spearhead was deployed to the U.S. 6th Fleet area of operations to support the international collaborative capacity- building program Africa Partnership Station. 70 | FEATURES PRISM 6, NO. 1 Implementing the Design for Maintaining Maritime Superiority in Europe and Africa BY VICE ADMIRAL JAMES G. FOGGO III, USN, AND ERIC THOMPSON merica’s security interests have always extended beyond its own shores—and the U.S. Navy has always defended that security at home and abroad. From the earliest days of A the Republic, the waters of Europe and Africa have been critical to U.S. security. In 1775, John Paul Jones sailed into harm’s way with one of our first frigates—USS Bonhomme Richard—to defeat the British warship HMS Serapis. That pitched battle ended with the sinking of the Bonhomme Richard but also with the capture of the Serapis as an American prize. Later, in the early 1800s, Lt. Stephen Decatur fought numerous naval battles off North Africa against the Barbary pirates, most notably in Tripoli, Libya. Throughout the next century, the U.S. Navy played a key role in the defeat of Germany in World War I and World War II. During the Cold War, the Navy was on the front lines, meeting the challenges of the Soviet Union, and thus playing a key role in its ultimate defeat and dissolution. The waters of Europe and Africa are still critical to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Editor Dino Carrara Visited RAF Leuchars to Hear How the RAF's Most Recent Front-Line Squadron to Be Equipped with the T
    1(FIGHTER) SQUADRON’S NEW ERA Editor Dino Carrara visited RAF Leuchars to hear how the RAF’s most recent front-line squadron Above: The Officer Commanding 1(F) to be equipped Squadron, Wg Cdr Mark Flewin. RAF/MOD Crown Copyright 2012 - SAC Helen Rimmer with the Typhoon Left: RAF Leuchars’ two Typhoon units, 1(F) and 6 Squadrons, share the QRA has achieved a commitment at the base. Sometimes they also come together for deployments, such as the joint detachment to Exercise lot in a short Red Flag. These two Typhoons, one from each squadron, are shown over the space of time. HAS site used by 1(F) Sqn at Leuchars. Geoffrey Lee/Planefocus n September 15, 2012 the RAF’s 1(Fighter) Squadron re- from the facilities and ramp of the co-located unit. Then on January 7, However, it wasn’t long before the squadron was expanding its horizons Programme [TLP, run by ten NATO air forces and held at Albacete Air formed flying the Eurofighter Typhoon at RAF Leuchars in 2013 it moved to the hardened aircraft shelter (HAS) complex on the and taking part in an Advanced Tactical Leadership Course (ATLC) in Base in Spain] because of the number of assets that are available in Fife during the base’s airshow. The squadron’s last mount south-east corner of the airfield, previously used by the Tornado F3s November 2012 at Al Dhafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates, whilst theatre and the diversity of air assets involved. Having a lot of aircraft in Owas the Harrier GR9 with which it flew its final sortie from of 111(F) Sqn.
    [Show full text]
  • Weapon System of Choice 38 New Eurofighter Typhoon Aircraft for the Luftwaffe 2021 · EUROFIGHTER WORLD 2021 · EUROFIGHTER WORLD 3
    PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES JANUARY 2021 Chain Reaction Pilot Brief: Interoperability Eurofighter and FCAS Weapon System of Choice 38 new Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft for the Luftwaffe 2021 · EUROFIGHTER WORLD 2021 · EUROFIGHTER WORLD 3 Contents Programme News & Features January 2021 Welcome 4 Weapon System of Choice Airbus’ Head of Combat Aircraft Systems Kurt Rossner discusses the full implications of Germany’s decision to replace its existing Tranche 1 aircraft under the Quadriga programme. Cover: © Picture: images.art.design. GmbH, 12 Chain Reaction Lucas Westphal We speak to four businesses across Europe about the importance of the Eurofighter Typhoon programme for the Looking back, 2020 was a year few of us will ever The Eurofighter programme supports over 400 business- defence industry and the enriched technology capabilities forget. Because of the impact of the Covid-19 es across Europe, sustaining more than 100,000 jobs. it has helped bring about. pandemic we all faced huge professional and personal That’s why in this edition we shine the spotlight on some Eurofighter World is published by challenges. What stood out for me was the way every- of those supply chain businesses. Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH 18 Mission Future: Eurofighter and FCAS one involved in the Eurofighter project worked closer PR & Communications In the first of series of exclusive articles our experts exam- together than ever before to deliver. Elsewhere in the magazine we examine Eurofighter’s Am Söldnermoos 17, 85399 Hallbergmoos [email protected] ine Eurofighter’s place alongside a next generation fighter place alongside a next gen- in the future operating environment. Germany’s decision to replace eration fighter in the future Editorial Team Tony Garner its existing Tranche 1 aircraft battlespace.
    [Show full text]
  • Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies (CUWS) Outreach Journal
    Issue No. 1286 20 October 2017 // USAFCUWS Outreach Journal Issue 1286 // Featured Item “Federal Efforts to Develop Biological Threat Awareness”. Published by the United States Government Accountability Office; October 2017 http://www.gao.gov/assets/690/687675.pdf Biological threats come from a variety of sources and can pose a catastrophic danger to public health, animal and plant health, and national security. Threat awareness, which consists of activities such as collecting and analyzing intelligence, developing risk assessments, and anticipating future threats, is vital to help federal agencies identify necessary biodefense capabilities and ensure investments are prioritized to make effective use of federal funds. GAO was asked to review how key federal agencies develop and share threat awareness information, and how that information informs further investments in biodefense. This report describes: (1) the types of actions that key federal agencies have taken to develop biological threat awareness, and how that information is used to support investment decisions; (2) the extent to which these agencies have developed shared threat awareness; and (3) how DHS’s NBACC determines what additional threat characterization knowledge to pursue. twitter.com/USAF_CUWS | cuws.au.af.mil // 2 // USAFCUWS Outreach Journal Issue 1286 // TABLE OF CONTENTS US NUCLEAR WEAPONS • Air Force to Fire Next-Gen ICBM Prototypes in 2020 • Trump Says He Wants Nuclear Arsenal in ‘Tip-Top Shape,’ Denies Desire to Increase Stockpile • Experts Urge U.S. Military to ‘Develop and Deploy Enhanced-EMP Nuclear Weapons’ • NATO Members Train to Nuke a ‘Fictional’ Enemy after Major Russian Drills US COUNTER-WMD • Pressing, Multiplying Biodefense Issues Plague U.S., Experts Say • Formidable Shield 2017: Ship Engages BMD Target During NATO Exercise, MDA and Navy Conduct SM-6 Test Launch • First Shipment of ANTHIM Anthrax Treatment Delivered to Strategic National Stockpile • What Do We Need? Missile Defense.
    [Show full text]
  • Defence Policy and the Armed Forces During the Pandemic Herunterladen
    1 2 3 2020, Toms Rostoks and Guna Gavrilko In cooperation with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung With articles by: Thierry Tardy, Michael Jonsson, Dominic Vogel, Elisabeth Braw, Piotr Szyman- ski, Robin Allers, Paal Sigurd Hilde, Jeppe Trautner, Henri Vanhanen and Kalev Stoicesku Language editing: Uldis Brūns Cover design and layout: Ieva Stūre Printed by Jelgavas tipogrāfija Cover photo: Armīns Janiks All rights reserved © Toms Rostoks and Guna Gavrilko © Authors of the articles © Armīns Janiks © Ieva Stūre © Uldis Brūns ISBN 978-9984-9161-8-7 4 Contents Introduction 7 NATO 34 United Kingdom 49 Denmark 62 Germany 80 Poland 95 Latvia 112 Estonia 130 Finland 144 Sweden 160 Norway 173 5 Toms Rostoks is a senior researcher at the Centre for Security and Strategic Research at the National Defence Academy of Latvia. He is also associate professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Univer- sity of Latvia. 6 Introduction Toms Rostoks Defence spending was already on the increase in most NATO and EU member states by early 2020, when the coronavirus epi- demic arrived. Most European countries imposed harsh physical distancing measures to save lives, and an economic downturn then ensued. As the countries of Europe and North America were cau- tiously trying to open up their economies in May 2020, there were questions about the short-term and long-term impact of the coro- navirus pandemic, the most important being whether the spread of the virus would intensify after the summer. With the number of Covid-19 cases rapidly increasing in September and October and with no vaccine available yet, governments in Europe began to impose stricter regulations to slow the spread of the virus.
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing Paper No.35 Scotland Hosts Major NATO War
    Briefing Paper No.35 2 May 2013 Contact: Dr. Ian Davis | +44 (0)7887 782389 Email: [email protected] www.natowatch.org Scotland hosts major NATO war games By Nigel Chamberlain, NATO Watch The BBC reported on 11 April that more than where it poses no risk. 5,000 UK personnel were taking part in the largest British Forces News reported that Royal Navy military exercise in Europe this year. Readers warships were at the heart of the largest ever were told that Exercise Joint Warrior would test NATO exercise to take place off the coast of their ability to work together with the forces of nine Scotland with seven warships from the UK, other countries, but were not informed that it is a Netherlands and Canada sailing in formation from NATO training exercise. Bizarrely, there was no the East coast of Scotland round to the West mention of this exercise on the NATO website. coast. They joined up with the rest of the task Joint Warrior exercises are organised by the Joint group of more than 40 warships, 40 fixed-wing Tactical Exercise Planning Staff (JTEPS) based at aircraft and 30 helicopters from the UK, Northwood HQ in London and co-ordinated from Netherlands, Canada, France, Denmark, Belgium, HM Naval Base Clyde. Joint exercises were Norway, Poland, Sweden and Germany. conducted across Scotland from 15 to 29 April, A Response Force Task Group of Royal Marine involving 13,000 military personnel from NATO Commandoes launched an aviation assault on Member States and other nations aligned with Barry Buddon beach in Barry, Carnoustie.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewables in Cities 2021 Global Status Report Renewables in Cities • 2021 Global Status Report
    RENEWABLES IN CITIES 2021 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT RENEWABLES IN CITIES • 2021 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT REN21 MEMBERS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS INTER-GOVERNMENTAL NGOS Africa Minigrid Developers Association Association Africaine pour (AMDA) ORGANISATIONS l'Electrification Rurale (Club-ER) Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE) Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre CLASP (APERC) American Council on Renewable Clean Cooking Alliance (CCA) Asian Development Bank (ADB) Energy (ACORE) Climate Action Network International Associação Portuguesa de Energias ECOWAS Centre for Renewable (CAN-I) Renováveis (APREN) Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) Coalition de Ciudades Capitales Association for Renewable Energy of de las Americas (CC35) European Commission (EC) Lusophone Countries (ALER) Energy Cities Global Environment Facility (GEF) Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Euroheat & Power (EHP) Association (CREIA) International Energy Agency (IEA) Fundación Energías Renovables (FER) Clean Energy Council (CEC) International Renewable Energy Global 100% Renewable Energy European Renewable Energies Agency (IRENA) Federation (EREF) Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) Global Forum on Sustainable Energy (GFSE) Global Off-Grid Lighting Association Regional Center for Renewable Energy (GOGLA) and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE) Global Women's Network for the Energy Transition (GWNET) Global Solar Council (GSC) United Nations Development Greenpeace International Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) Programme (UNDP) United Nations Environment ICLEI – Local Governments for Indian
    [Show full text]
  • MDA Strike Capability
    The Arrival of a Maritime-Domain Awareness Strike Capability The Impact of the P-8/Triton Dyad 7/15/16 This report written by Robbin Laird and Ed Timperlake provides an update on the arrival of the P-8 and Triton “manned and unmanned” maritime domain awareness strike capability to the fleet and to the joint and coalition force. It is based on interviews conducted at USN Jacksonville in late May 2016. The Arrival of a Maritime-Domain Awareness Strike Capability The Arrival of a Maritime-Domain Awareness Strike Capability THE IMPACT OF THE P- 8/TRITON DYAD The Software-Upgradeable Combat Aircraft: The Case of the P-8 ........................................................ 3 Visiting Jacksonville Naval Air Station: The “Family of Systems” and Naval Air Transformation ...... 7 Evolving the Maritime Domain Awareness Strike Enterprise: An Interview with the Commander of Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing 11 ..................................................................................................... 9 Captain Anthony Corapi ................................................................................................................................ 14 The P-8 In Advance of the Weapons Revolution ................................................................................ 15 CAPT Robinson Biography ............................................................................................................................ 17 The Most Experienced P-8 Squadron and Shaping the Way Ahead ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NATO Summit Guide Warsaw, 8-9 July 2016
    NATO Summit Guide Warsaw, 8-9 July 2016 An essential Alliance in a more dangerous world The Warsaw Summit comes at a defining moment for the security of the North Atlantic Alliance. In recent years, the world has become more volatile and dangerous with Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea and destabilisation of eastern Ukraine, as well as its military build-up from the Barents Sea to the Baltic, and from the Black Sea to the eastern Mediterranean; turmoil across the Middle East and North Africa, fuelling the biggest migrant and refugee crisis in Europe since World War Two; brutal attacks by ISIL and other terrorist groups, as well as cyber attacks, nuclear proliferation and ballistic missile threats. NATO is adapting to this changed security environment. It also remains committed to fulfilling its three core tasks: collective defence, crisis management and cooperative security. And, in the Polish capital, the Alliance will make important decisions to boost security in and around Europe, based on two key pillars: protecting its citizens through modern deterrence and defence, and projecting stability beyond its borders. NATO member states form a unique community of values, committed to the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law. In today’s dangerous world, transatlantic cooperation is needed more than ever. NATO embodies that cooperation, bringing to bear the strength and unity of North America and Europe. This Summit is the first to be hosted in Poland and the first to be chaired by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, who took up his post in October 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Mine Warfare Diving
    www.mcdoa.org.uk MINE WARFARE AND DIVING PUBLISHED BY THE FLOTILLA STAFF FOR THE MCM COMMUNITY SUMMER 18 www.mcdoa.org.uk MCMV in the Gulf | MHC Capability | MASTT Update | Branch Champion Update www.mcdoa.org.uk MINE WARFARE AND DIVING CONTENTS Editorial Staff Welcome from Captain MFP 1 Sponsor: Cdr B Vickery RN Formation Command and KIPION JOA 2 Editor in Chief: Lt Cdr S Jane RN Joint Warrior 6 Editor: Lt J Squires RN What’s happening in MCM 7 Editorial Office: MCM2 Jicara Update 8 Lancelot Building DT1 Tasking, North Sea 10 HMNB Portsmouth MWO, The Perfect Apprenticeship 13 PO1 3NH MCMV in the Gulf, Crew 5 14 Diving Safety Update 16 The Mine Warfare and Diving is published by Flotilla staff to serve the Mine Warfare and Diving community. This publication SNMG2 18 is brought to you by COMPORFLOT MCM2 staff and we would be Ton Talk 21 interested in feedback in view of further editions to COMPORFLOT MCM2 staff (below for address). FOST Update 22 Thanks must go to the many contributors to this magazine and the Decommissioning 24 support from numerous members of PORFLORT that have made this magazine possible. Designed and printed by Navy Graphics, MHC Capability 27 Whale Island, with our thanks. Mine Warfare School Courses 32 Defence Dive School Courses 33 2019 issue will be issued by: Update from MCM Career Manager 34 Editor Fleet Diving Squadron Update 36 MCM2 What is MASTT? 40 Lancelot Building Operations in the Gulf 44 HMNB Portsmouth Mine Warfare Branch Champion 46 PO1 3NH Message from the CD Branch Champion 48 Diving Standards Team
    [Show full text]
  • Nato's Future
    VOLUME 9, ISSUE 3, 2019 Journal of European Security and Defense Issues n RUSSIA BLURS THE LINES n A CHANGING SECURITY LANDSCAPE How to manage the evolving threats New dangers demand new approaches n ENLARGEMENT'S CHALLENGES PLUS Confronting the political realities Navigating the Black Sea in turbulent times n SOLVING THE SPENDING RIDDLE The obstacles to North Macedonia’s membership Burden sharing takes center stage The Marshall Center marks a major milestone NATO’S FUTURE The World’s Greatest Alliance Turns 70 TABLE OF CONTENTS features 7 Stronger Together By U.S. Army General Curtis M. Scaparrotti, Commander, U.S. European Command, and NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe NATO evolves and adapts in a complex world. 1 0 The 2% Fixation By Jack Treddenick How a simple formula complicates defense spending. 18 Strong Headwinds By Pál Dunay 10 Uncertain times jeopardize enlargement. 2 6 Tools for a New World By Michael Rühle NATO and nontraditional security challenges. 3 4 Laden With Risk By Graeme Herd The complex and evolving NATO-Russia relationship. 4 2 Of Strategic Importance By Natia Gvenetadze, Ministry of Defence, Republic of Georgia Cooperation and confrontation on the Black Sea. 18 4 8 Adapting to the Russian Way of Warfare By Small Wars Journal An interview with retired Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, former commander of the United States Army Europe. 5 6 Light at the End of the Tunnel? By Slovenian Navy Capt. Gorazd Bartol, former chief of NATO Liaison Office in Skopje, North Macedonia North Macedonia and Euro-Atlantic integration. 6 0 The Times They Are A-Changin’ By Ralf Roloff The Marshall Center celebrates a milestone of its own.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Europe's Strategic Challenge from Russia: What
    Notes de l’Ifri Russie.Nei.Visions 111 Northern Europe’s Strategic Challenge from Russia What Political and Military Responses? Barbara KUNZ October 2018 Russia/NIS Center The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. This text is published with the support of DGRIS (Directorate General for International Relations and Strategy) under “Russia, Caucasus and Eastern Europe Observatory”. ISBN: 978-2-36567-930-5 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2018 How to quote this document: Barbara Kunz, “Northern Europe’s Strategic Challenge from Russia: What Political and Military Responses?”, Russie.Nei.Visions, No. 111, Ifri, October 2018. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15—FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00—Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an online collection dedicated to Russia and the other new independent states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy-oriented papers deal with strategic, political and economic issues.
    [Show full text]