DOCSLIB.ORG

Memorial on the Merits Submitted by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Memorial on the Merits 141

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Memorial on the Merits Submitted by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Memorial on the Merits 141 MEMORIAL ON THE MERITS SUBMITTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY MEMORIAL ON THE MERITS 141 INTRODUCTION 1. This Meiiiorial on the nierits of the dispiite is siibiiiitted Io the Court in pursuance of the Order made by the Court on 15 February 1973, in the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (Federul Repi,blic of Cermui~yv. IceIaird). 2. The subject-niatter of the dispute as defined in the Application of 5 June 1972 institutine oroceedines on behalf of the Federal Reoiiblic of Gerinanv against the ~epiblicof lciland, is the legality or otherwise of the extension br lceland of its exclusive fisheriesjurisdiction to 50 nautical miles froni the piesent baselines. This extension had been put into elfect on I September 1972 by the Lcelandic Rcgiilations No. 18911972 issued by the lcelandic Minister for Fisheries on 14 July 1972. The Reg~ilationsNo. 18911972 together with an English translation notified bv the Governnient of lceland have heen reprodiiced in Annex A to this ~emorial. In the Application of 5 June 1972 the Governnient of the Fedcral Repiiblic of Germany has asked the Court to adjiidge and declare: (u) that the unilateral extension by lcelnnd of ifs zone of exclusive fisheries jurisdiction to 50 nautical iiiiles froni the present basclines, Io be effective from I September 1972, which has been decided iipon by the Parlianient (Althing) and the Government of Iceland and coniiiiunicated by the Minister for Foreign AlTairs of lceland to the Federal Republic of Germany by aide-niémoire handed to its Ambassador in Reykjavik on 24 February 1972, would have no basis in international law and could therefore not be opposed to the Federdl Repiiblic of Germany and to its fishine- vessels:.-. -. , (b) that if lcelaRd, as a coastal State specially dependent on coastal fisheries, establishes a need for s~ecialfisheries conservation measures in the waters adjacent to its cbast but beyond the excliisive fisheries zone provided for by the Exchange of Notes of 1961, such conservation measures, as Far as they would affect fisheries of the Federal Republic of Germanv iiiav. not~~~~ he taken. under international law. on the basis of a unilaterai extension by lceland of ils fisheries jurisdiction, but only on the basis of an agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and Iceland concluded either bilaterally or within a multilateral frame- work. In the Judgment delivered by the Court on 2 February 1973 the Court found that it has jurisdiction to enterlain the Application filed by the Governnient ~~~ ~ of the Federal Reuublic~ ~ of Ciermanv on 5 . -- -~ ~,~~~ ~ Jiine~ ~ 1972~~ - and to deal with the merits of the dispute. 3. By Order made on 15 February 1973 the Court fixed 1 August 1973 as ~ ~~~ the lime-limit for the filineu of~~ the~~ Memorial of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on the merits. Accordingly and in cornpliance with Article 42 of the Rules of Court this Menlorial places before the Court a stdtement of the facts relevant Io the merits of the dispute. a statement of the law to be considered in relation thereto, and the submissions of the Govern- ment of the Federal Republic of Germany arising out of those facts and those principles of law. This Memorial is divided into the following parts: 142 FlSHERlES JURlSDlCTlON Part 1 contains the history of the dispute up to the date of the Application and also an account of subsequent events which is intended to bring the story as near as possible up to the date on which this Memorial will be filed. Part II deals with the aspect of conservation and presents the facts concerning the need for conservation of the fishery resources in the area in dispute and records and evaluates the measures taken in this respect. Part 111 deals with the utilization made by hoth parties of the fishery re- sources in the area in dispute and their dependence thereon. Parr IV contains a statement of the history and development of the rules of law relevant to.the dispute and a stütement of what in the view of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany represents the law governing the dispute. Part V deals with the responsibility of the Republic of Iceland for the damage which has already been inflicted by Icelandic coastal patrol boats on the ships of the Federal Republic, their personnel and their equipment or which may in future be inflicted on them. Part VI sets out the formal submissions to the Court. MEMORIAL ON THE MERlTS PART 1 HISTORY OF TH13 DISPUTE 4. In order to put the interests which are at stake in this dispute, into the right perspective, il iiiz~ybc helpful to star! ivilh the history of German and lcelandic fishing in the waters around Iceland. A. Traditional German Fishing ln the Waters Around Iceland 5. The rich fishing groiinds in the area of the high sea around lceland the richness of which is due to the Gulf Stream, the shallowness of the waters above Iceland's continental shelf and othcr no1 yet fully known hydrological and biological factors, has attracted fishernien since the Middle Ages. blainlv British and Dutch fishcrnien. but also Norweaian.-, Danish and Ger- man fisheriiien sailed for fishing inthesc waters. Permanent support and trading stations were foonded by the nationals of these nations in Iceland; the ~anseatictowns Brcmen. ~iinbur~.and Lübeck also entertained such pcrnianent stations in lccltind at tha<tinie. Fishing by lcelandcrs was under- taken only on a very sniall scale and was mainly confined to fishing by sinall boats forhonic consoiiiotion. lcelandic fisheries rcmained insienifirant in the following time, especialiy since the Danish Crown to which 1ceï:ind belonged, esiablished a nionopoly for the trade with foreipn nations in 1612 and closed the foreien tradinc stations. It was not beforc-1787 when the foreisn trade rnonopoiy \vas abolished, that fishing by lcelanders was undertaken on a larger scale, but never rcachcd the proportions of other nations' fishingefiorts in these waters 6. Fishing vessels of the North Sea States have been continuously fishing in the waters of the high sea around lceland during the following ccntiiries: lcelanders were content with sinall-boat fishing in the vicinity of the Coast. This siliiation prevailcd iintil the end of the 19th century although steamboat and trawling had nlrcady changed the fishing techniques and allowed niore efficient and long-distance fishing. It was no1 before 1900 that the first Icc- landic traiuler went into service; the number of lcelandic trawlers rcniained small until the First World War (1911: 10; 1914: 20 trawlers). Geriiian tra\i.lcrs started fishing in the lcelandic Area alrcady at the end of the last centory. Since thcn, parallel to the general dcvelopiiient of modern fisheries. ciitches by German trawlers in the lceland Area gradiially increased and transgressed alrcady thc 100,000 tons level iii 1936. Since that time catches by Gcrnian trawlers in the Icelaiidic Area rcinained rclatively stable at a lcvel between 100,000 and 120,000 tons, with the exception of the years 1952, 1953 and 1954, when catches from the lceland Area went up to 200,000 tons in the averare. Table No. 1 (sce. o.. 144) lists the catches bv German trawlers fr<ini 1893-1571Ttic figiirciof thi, i:thlc ihon tliiii Ccrrna"'li~tiing\~circl~hx\c beeri coiisi:inil!. fijhinp in ihc iiaicr,;iroiinJ Icïl~nJsincc ilie hc~inningofihe 20ili ccniiirv. 1)iiriiic ihe u;ir xirs 191 5-1918 and 19.10-1945 Cerm:in tr;i!rlcis coiild not fish in these waters: the low catches beiween 1946and 1949 aredue to the fact that il took soiiie time for the Gerinan fishing industry to rccover from the heavy losscs during the war. The relative stability of the total TABLE NO. I. CATCHES BY GERMAN TRAWLEHS OF ALL SPECIES (FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION) IN THE FISHINC CROUNDS AROUND ICELAND (in merric Iofis) 1 quantity caught per annuin by German fishing vessels in the lcelandic Area is evidence of the fact that the quantity of fresh Fish taken from these fishing grounds is needed to supplcinent the fresh fish landings froni other fishing- grounds which can be reached by fresh-fish 1r;iwlers or snialler boats (pri- marily from the North Sea), in order to satisfy the deriiand for fresh fish in the German market. On the averase about neÿrly two-thirds of the demand in fresh fish and aboi11 one-third of the total deniand in fish for huliian consumption (fresh and frozen fish) is met by I~indingsfrom the lceland Area. 7. The followinç nations participate in the fishing in the "lcelandic Area", i.e., the statistical ;ires Va as defined by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ([CES): in the first place lccland which had gradually -- 1 From 1893 to 1967 the catch figures represeni the "landed weight of iced fish because the fish was gencrally transparted in ice; al1 oihcr landings siich as salted fish or froren fish wcre converted IO "landed weight of iced fish. Since 1968 the figures represent the "round frcsh weight" which is the weight of thc whole fish al the very moment when ii is caitght. The "round fresh weight" is of coiirsc higher than the "landed iveighr of iced lish" for rnostly thc iced fish is giiried and has lori on the average 5 percent. alifs wcight due Io pressiire in icc during the transport. MEMORIAL ON THE MERITS 145 increased ifs share in the total catch of al1 species (shellfish no1 included) by al1 countries in the "lceland Area" (1960: 55%; 1971: 61 %), and in the second place, listed in the order of the percentage of their respective shares: United Kingdoni (1971: 21 %), Federal Republic of Germany (1971: 13x1, Faroe Islands (1971: 1.5%), Belgium (1971: 1.4%).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Year in Elections, 2013: the World's Flawed and Failed Contests
    The Year in Elections, 2013: The World's Flawed and Failed Contests The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martinez i Coma. 2014. The Year in Elections 2013: The World's Flawed and Failed Contests. The Electoral Integrity Project. Published Version http://www.electoralintegrityproject.com/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11744445 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 THE WORLD’S FLAWED AND FAILED CONTESTS Pippa Norris, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martínez i Coma February 2014 THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 WWW. ELECTORALINTEGRITYPROJECT.COM The Electoral Integrity Project Department of Government and International Relations Merewether Building, HO4 University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Phone: +61(2) 9351 6041 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.electoralintegrityproject.com Copyright © Pippa Norris, Ferran Martínez i Coma, and Richard W. Frank 2014. All rights reserved. Photo credits Cover photo: ‘Ballot for national election.’ by Daniel Littlewood, http://www.flickr.com/photos/daniellittlewood/413339945. Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 6 and 18: ‘Ballot sections are separated for counting.’ by Brittany Danisch, http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdanisch/6084970163/ Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 8: ‘Women in Pakistan wait to vote’ by DFID - UK Department for International Development, http://www.flickr.com/photos/dfid/8735821208/ Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0.
    [Show full text]
  • Factiva RTF Display Format
    Mauritanians Doubt Existence of CIA Prisons in Their Country 525 words 9 July 2007 Voice of America Press Releases and Documents English CY Copyright (c) 2007 Federal Information & News Dispatch, Inc. VOA English Service DATELINE: Dakar Many Mauritanians says they do not believe claims made by an American journalist, and denied by their government, that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency maintains secret interrogation cells in their country. Many also say they do not support military cooperation with the United States. Naomi Schwarz has more from VOA's West Africa bureau in Dakar. The affair began with a tiny mention in a long article in an American magazine, The New Yorker. The author says a senior intelligence official, unnamed, told him the United States had opened a new detainee center in Mauritania in late 2005 to house and interrogate terrorism suspects. The claim has been reprinted in Mauritanian media. It has caused a huge reaction there. Local journalist Salem Bokari says some people believe the claims, but the vast majority is extremely skeptical. But he says people want a government investigation to find out whether or not they are true. On Friday, before the National Assembly, Mauritania's justice minister formally denied the existence of any secret U.S. prisons in the country. The government has said its relationship with the U.S. military is limited to training and information sharing. Bokari says most Mauritanians hope the relationship stays minimal. Page 1 © 2007 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. He says Mauritanians do not support the government of President George Bush, because they feel he has not done much for the third world and for Muslims around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Looters Vs. Traitors: the Muqawama (“Resistance”) Narrative, and Its Detractors, in Contemporary Mauritania Elemine Ould Mohamed Baba and Francisco Freire
    Looters vs. Traitors: The Muqawama (“Resistance”) Narrative, and its Detractors, in Contemporary Mauritania Elemine Ould Mohamed Baba and Francisco Freire Abstract: Since 2012, when broadcasting licenses were granted to various private television and radio stations in Mauritania, the controversy around the Battle of Um Tounsi (and Mauritania’s colonial past more generally) has grown substantially. One of the results of this unprecedented level of media freedom has been the prop- agation of views defending the Mauritanian resistance (muqawama in Arabic) to French colonization. On the one hand, verbal and written accounts have emerged which paint certain groups and actors as French colonial power sympathizers. At the same time, various online publications have responded by seriously questioning the very existence of a structured resistance to colonization. This article, drawing pre- dominantly on local sources, highlights the importance of this controversy in study- ing the western Saharan region social model and its contemporary uses. African Studies Review, Volume 63, Number 2 (June 2020), pp. 258– 280 Elemine Ould Mohamed Baba is Professor of History and Sociolinguistics at the University of Nouakchott, Mauritania (Ph.D. University of Provence (Aix- Marseille I); Fulbright Scholar resident at Northwestern University 2012–2013), and a Senior Research Consultant at the CAPSAHARA project (ERC-2016- StG-716467). E-mail: [email protected] Francisco Freire is an Anthropologist (Ph.D. Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2009) at CRIA–NOVA FCSH (Lisbon, Portugal). He is the Principal Investigator of the European Research Council funded project CAPSAHARA: Critical Approaches to Politics, Social Activism and Islamic Militancy in the Western Saharan Region (ERC-2016-StG-716467).
    [Show full text]
  • The Parliamentary Mandate
    THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE STUDY THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE STUDY Marc Van der Hulst Inter-Parliamentary Union Geneva 2000 @ Inter-Parliamentary Union 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not be a way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold hired or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form or binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent publisher. ISBN 92-9142-056-5 Published by INTER-PARLIAMETARY UNION Headquarters Liaison Office with the United Nations Place du Petit-Saconnex 821 United Nations Plaza C.P. 438 9th Floor 1211 Geneva 19 New York, N.Y. 10017 Switzerland United States of America Layout, printing and binding by Atar, Geneva Cover design by Aloys Robellaz, Les Studios Lolos, Carouge, Switzerland (Translated from the French by Jennifer Lorenzi and Patricia Deane) t Table of Contents FOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi INTRODUCTION l PART ONE: NATURE AND DURATION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE I. NATURE OF THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE 6 1. The traditional opposition between national sovereignty and popular sovereignty 6 2. The free representational mandate 8 3. The imperative mandate 9 4. A choice motivated by pragmatic rather than ideological considerations? 10 II. DURATION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY MANDATE..
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2017 What Is the IPU? the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Is the Global Organization of National Parliaments
    Pantone: 320 C C: 90 M: 0 Y: 30 K: 0 R: 0 G: 170 B: 190 Pantone: 3015 C C: 100 M: 45 Y: 5 K: 20 R: 0 G: 95 B: 154 Pantone: Cool Gray 9 C C: 3 M: 0 Y: 0 K: 65 R: 121 G: 122 B: 123 Annual Report 2017 What is the IPU? The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is the global organization of national parliaments. We work to safeguard peace and drive positive democratic change through political dialogue and concrete action. The only international organization to bring together the world’s national parliaments, we promote democracy and peace through this unique parliamentary membership. An ever-changing pool of about 45,000 members of parliament, representing citizens worldwide, ensures the IPU always has a finger on the pulse of democracy. The IPU is an independent, self-governing body funded mainly by our Members. Our current membership includes 178 national parliaments and 12 regional parliamentary bodies as associate members. The Global Bubble Parade, São Paolo, Brazil — an event created by the 100 Happy Days Foundation. The IPU works closely with parliaments to assist them to contribute effectively to the implementation of the SDGs, including those on health and well-being, and sustainable communities. © NurPhoto/ Cris Faga Contents Foreword 2 Objective 1: Build strong, democratic parliaments 4 Objective 2: Advance gender equality and respect for women’s rights 10 Objective 3: Protect and promote human rights 14 Objective 4: Contribute to peacebuilding, conflict prevention and security 16 Objective 5: Promote inter-parliamentary dialogue and cooperation 20 Objective 6: Promote youth empowerment 25 Objective 7: Mobilize parliaments around the global development agenda 28 Objective 8: Bridge the democracy gap in international relations 32 Media and communications 35 The IPU at a glance 36 Resource mobilization: who funds the IPU? 43 Financial results 44 1 Achieving the results to which we have committed In the autumn of 2016, following extensive consultations with Member Parliaments, the Inter- Parliamentary Union adopted its Strategy 2017–2021.
    [Show full text]
  • GPPS III Evaluation Report FINAL 07 June 2011 %282%29.Pdf
    Global Programme for Parliamentary Strengthening III Evaluation Report Prepared by: Tim Baker May 2011 The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of UNDP or its implementing partners Contents Executive summary .................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 8 Section One: Country reports ...................................................... 12 1. Algeria ........................................................................ 15 2. Lebanon ...................................................................... 25 3. Mauritania ................................................................... 32 4. Niger ........................................................................... 41 Section Two: Regional Activities ................................................... 49 5. Arab States Region: PDIAR and BCPR ..................... 51 6. West Africa ................................................................. 60 Section Three: Global Activities .................................................... 63 Section Four: General GPPS III Programme, Administration, Operational Issues & Overall Recommendations ....................... 73 Appendix One: Evaluation Considerations & Constraints ........ 84 Appendix Two: Terms of Reference for the Evaluation ............. 87 Appendix Three: Evaluation Matrix & Questions ...................... 95 Appendix Four: Evaluation
    [Show full text]
  • The Indigenous World 2014
    IWGIA THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2014 This yearbook contains a comprehensive update on the cur- rent situation of indigenous peoples and their human rights, THE INDIGENOUS WORLD and provides an overview of the most important developments in international and regional processes during 2013. In 73 articles, indigenous and non-indigenous scholars and activists provide their insight and knowledge to the book with country reports covering most of the indigenous world, and updated information on international and regional processes relating to indigenous peoples. The Indigenous World 2014 is an essential source of informa- tion and indispensable tool for those who need to be informed THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2014 about the most recent issues and developments that have impacted on indigenous peoples worldwide. 2014 INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS 3 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2014 Copenhagen 2014 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2014 Compilation and editing: Cæcilie Mikkelsen Regional editors: Arctic & North America: Kathrin Wessendorf Mexico, Central and South America: Alejandro Parellada Australia and the Pacific: Cæcilie Mikkelsen Asia: Christian Erni and Christina Nilsson The Middle East: Diana Vinding and Cæcilie Mikkelsen Africa: Marianne Wiben Jensen and Geneviève Rose International Processes: Lola García-Alix and Kathrin Wessendorf Cover and typesetting: Jorge Monrás Maps: Jorge Monrás English translation: Elaine Bolton Proof reading: Elaine Bolton Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark © The authors and The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 2014 - All Rights Reserved HURRIDOCS CIP DATA The reproduction and distribution of information contained Title: The Indigenous World 2014 in The Indigenous World is welcome as long as the source Edited by: Cæcilie Mikkelsen is cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli – Mauritanian Relations from 1999 to 2008
    Asian Social Science; Vol. 13, No. 9; 2017 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Israeli – Mauritanian Relations from 1999 to 2008 Mohamed M. Ali Abu Khadra1,2, & Mohamed Mohamed Husein Mustafa1 1 Faculty of Economy and Political Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Correspondence: Mohamed A. Mohamed Abu Khadra, PhD Candidate in Faculty of Economy and Political Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Received: June 13, 2017 Accepted: July 19, 2017 Online Published: August 25, 2017 doi:10.5539/ass.v13n9p89 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n9p89 Abstract The closer ties and relations between Mauritania and Israel had an effective impact on the Arab region, as the mutual interests between the two parties led to the creation of a sort of anxiety and turmoil in the relationship of Mauritania with the Arab countries, linked to them by the neighboring factor in addition to the history, culture, language and religion factors, where the Mauritanian-Israeli relations influence in several Arab and Islamic trends and to reach its maximum impact with respect to the Mauritanian relations for the war in Yemen, Iraq and the war in Syria and the Palestinian issue and the war on terrorism. Keywords: International Relations, Mauritania And Israel, Mauritania Israeli Relations, Foreign Policy of Mauritania, Israel's Foreign Policy, the Arab Regional Security, National Security Summary Mauritanian-Israeli relations have witnessed remarkable development since the mid-nineties, particularly since the conclusion of the diplomatic agreement in 1995 and the military cooperation, strategy between the two countries, the subsequent military, economic agreements, mutual visits of high-level officials of the two sides, especially from the military people and the areas of these relations cover the cooperation in military intelligence, joint military projects in addition to the economic areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015 Table of Contents
    ANNUAL REPORT 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS A note from Alkarama’s Council 3 Glossary of terms 4 About us 5 Who is Alkarama? 5 How do we work? 6 Budget 6 Our thematic objectives 7 Strengthening the UN Human Rights system 7 Strengthening Civil Society in the Arab World 8 Fostering a Culture of Human Rights in the Arab World 8 Media work to foster understanding of rights in the Arab world 9 Alkarama Award for Human Rights Defenders 11 Countries 12 Algeria 12 Bahrain 15 Djibouti 18 Egypt 21 Iraq 24 Jordan 27 Kuwait 30 Lebanon 33 Libya 36 Mauritania 39 Morocco 42 Oman 45 Palestine 48 Qatar 51 Saudi Arabia 54 Sudan 57 Syria 59 Tunisia 62 UAE 65 Yemen 67 List of publications 70 Map - Summary of cases Inner Cover A NOTE FROM ALKARAMA’S COUNCIL More than ever, the scale and seriousness of human rights violations committed in the Arab world and on which our organisation works require that, as dictated by our mandate, we continue to provide support and assistance to all victims in a prompt and efficient manner. Doing fieldwork, collecting testimonies, documenting some of the most serious human rights violations in a factual and objective way, then denouncing them by resorting to international legal mechanisms designed to protect them, remains an essential part of our work. Certainly, we are sometimes forced to watch helplessly as the results of these actions fall short of our expectations, and as the victims and their families continue to suffer in a persistent climate of impunity. Our organisation believes, however, that despite the objective limitations of these international legal mechanisms, we have no choice but to continue to fight at their service.
    [Show full text]
  • The Federal Government's Second Report on the Global Status Of
    The Federal Government’s Second Report on the Global Status of Freedom of Religion Reporting period 2018 – 2019 The wooden structure 7.5 metres high known as the “Ring for Peace” stands in the Luitpoldpark in Lindau on Lake Constance. It was erected to commemorate the 10th World Assembly of the NGO Religions for Peace in August 2019. Gisbert Baarmann, the sculptor who created the artwork, integrated 36 different kinds of wood from all over the world into it. The meeting in the Allgäu region in southern Germany brought together some 900 representatives of religious faiths from around 100 countries. © picture alliance / dpa / Carolin Gißibl 2 Federal Government Commissioner for Global Freedom of Religion and Member of the German Parliament, Markus Grübel. © RFB Dear readers, When an argument developed between a Christian agricultural worker and her co-workers in June 2009, little did she know that everything would change for her from that day. What happened next in that province in South Asia was to determine her life from that moment on and have massive repercussions worldwide. On the day in question, her fellow workers told her she was “un- clean” because of her faith. An argument ensued, in the course of which she was accused of blasphemy. It was claimed that she had insulted the Prophet Muhammad. In the days that followed, she was threatened by a mob and then arrested by the police and charged with blasphemy. In 2010, she was sentenced to death. When, years later, the sentence was overturned, protests erupted. Protesters called for the sentence to be upheld and the worker put to death.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Documents and Cases on the Right to Health Under the African Human Rights System
    Compendium of documents and cases on the right to health under the African human rights system Compendium of documents and cases on the right to health under This publication aims at ensuring easy accessibility to cases and materials on the right to health in Africa. The publication contains decisions, resolutions, declaration and cases by the AU or the African Commission dealing with the right to health under the African Human Rights system. It is aimed at assisting scholars, researchers, students, lawyers, judges and others who are interested in researching on the right to health, including sexual and reproductive health and Compendium of documents and rights, in Africa. Equally, regional human rights bodies such as the cases on the right to health under African Commission and national human rights institutions will find this publication useful to their work. the African human rights system Edited by Ebenezer Durojaye & Gladys Mirugi-Mukundi A place of quality, a place to grow, from hope to action through knowledge Compendium of Documents and cases on the right to health under the African Human Rights System 2013 Compendium of documents and cases on the right to health under the African Human Rights System i Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Bello Ayodeji for providing the background research leading to this publication. This publication is made possible through the generous financial support provided by the Ford Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication do not reflect that of Ford Foundation. Citation To be cited as: Ebenezer Durojaye and Gladys Mirugi-Mukundi. 2013. Compendium of documents and cases on the right to health under the African human rights system.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction I. General Measures of Implementation
    1. Introduction 1. Denmark ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child on 19 July 1991. According to article 44 of the Convention the states parties have to submit a report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child every fifth year, reporting on the measures they have taken to implement the rights recognised in the Convention and the progress made in respect of the enjoyment of these rights. This is Denmark’s fifth periodic report according to article 44 of the Convention. It updates previous reports and describes policy measures taken to implement the recommendations in the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (doc. CRC/C/DNK/CO/4). The recommendations are addressed in the appropriate sections of the report. 2. To ensure a coherent description of the special legislative, administrative and practical conditions in Greenland and the Faroe Islands, this report contains separate reviews of these areas in sections 2 and 3. I. General measures of implementation I.A. Measures to implement the provisions of the Convention 3. Denmark assigns the highest priority to the protection of children's rights and a number of initiatives have been taken to further strengthen, promote and protect the rights of children since Denmark's last periodic report. This includes legislative amendments to strengthen the advocacy function of the National Council for Children which as an independent institution funded by the state provides advice to the Government and Parliament on children’s issues. The tasks of the council include drawing attention to areas in which children’s rights are not sufficiently protected in legislation and administrative practice.
    [Show full text]