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6Th European Parliament-Mauritania Interparliamentary Meeting Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union Sixth Interparliamentary meeting between the Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Delegation from the Mauritanian Parliament 15-18 February 2010 Report by Pier Antonio Panzeri, Delegation Chair CR\816451EN.doc PE439.030 EN EN CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………….. 3 I – A difficult return to constitutional rule ............................................................... 3 Coup d’état: a brief reminder 3 Dakar Agreement: a consensual solution for ending the crisis 4 International cooperation: gradual resumption 5 The Mauritanian Parliament: limited role and resources 6 II – State of the inclusive national dialogue .............................................................. 7 Evaluation of the inclusive national dialogue 7 Evaluation of political stability 8 III – Migration............................................................................................................. 9 Migration flows 10 Nouadhibou detention centre 11 IV – Fisheries agreement……………………………………………………….……12 Visit to the Port of Nouadhibou 13 Shipwreck removal programme 14 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 14 Annexes………………………………………………………………………………. 15 PE439.030 2/22 CR\816451EN.doc EN Introduction The sixth interparliamentary meeting between the Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union and the delegation from the Mauritanian Parliament was held in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou from 15-18 February 2010. The last meeting between the European Parliament and the Mauritanian Parliament took place in Strasbourg on 24-25 October 2007. The mission by members of the European Parliament (EP) took place in the delicate context of the resumption of cooperation and development assistance, suspended following the military coup on 6 August 2008 in accordance with Article 96 of the Partnership agreement between the members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States and the European Community and its Member States1 (the Cotonou Agreement). During a preparatory meeting held on 10 February 2010 in Strasbourg2, members taking part in the EP delegation to Mauritania agreed on the objectives of their mission, namely: to resume contact with their Mauritanian counterparts; to assess the implementation of the inclusive national dialogue; to assess the general stability of the country. The EP delegation also wanted to address topics of mutual interest, such as migration and the fisheries agreement. Finally, since several European hostages3 had been abducted in Mauritania and were still being held by the Al-Qaeda Organisation in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) at the time of the mission, the delegation raised their case during meetings with members of the government. Similarly, the situation of Hanefi Ould Dehah, editor of the online newspaper Taqadoumy, was also raised during meetings with members of the government and with the President4. Mr Hanefi had in fact been sentenced to a two-year prison term on Thursday 4 February 2010 by the Court of Appeal for ‘offending public decency, inciting revolt and criminal publication’. Apart from the meetings with the National Assembly and the Senate, members of the delegation also met with members from the majority and opposition, NGOs in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, and members of the government (see annex for final programme). I – A difficult return to constitutional rule Coup d’état: a brief reminder On 5 August 2008, a group of 25 MPs and 23 members of the Senate announced their mass resignation from the presidential majority. This resignation, orchestrated with the military, led 1 Signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000, OJ L 317, 15.12.2000, p. 3. 2 See minutes (PE804913). 3 On 29 November 2009, AQIM kidnapped three Spanish aid workers, and an Italian couple three weeks later. 4 Mr Hanefi was released on 26 February 2010 along with some 100 ordinary prisoners following a pardon by the Mauritanian President. CR\816451EN.doc 3/22 PE439.030 EN to the arrest on 6 August of Mauritania’s President and Prime Minister by generals involved in the coup. The leader of the operation was the head of the presidential guard, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, whom President Abdallahi had dismissed the day before together with two other generals. Ignoring this dismissal, General Abdel Aziz installed himself at the head of a ‘High State Council’, which removed President Abdallahi from office and announced that new presidential elections would take place. All other institutions, including the Parliament, remained in place. The junta has the support of the vast majority of mayors (191 out of 216) and MPs (106 out of 151). General Abdel Aziz issued a decree stating that Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Mauritania’s former ambassador to the EU and Belgium, would head a transitional government. Officially, the ACP Group, the African Union and the European Union (EU) condemned the coup. Again, the EU opened talks under Article 96 of the Cotonou Agreement and suspended cooperation outside existing agreements, humanitarian aid and direct aid for the population.5. On 4 September 2008, the EP adopted a resolution condemning the military coup6, in which the Parliament called on the European Commission to engage in a political dialogue, pursuant to Article 8 of the Cotonou Agreement and, if this did not succeed, to freeze aid as stipulated in Article 96 of the Agreement. By Council Decision of 6 April 2009 concerning the conclusion of consultations with the Islamic Republic of Mauritania under Article 96 of the ACP-EC Partnership Agreement7, the EU outlined a road map allowing the gradual resumption of cooperation based on the signing and implementation of a consensual solution for ending the crisis, including free, transparent and representative presidential elections organised by credible institutions. Dakar Agreement: a consensual solution for ending the crisis The signing of the Dakar Agreement on 4 June 2009 between the various Mauritanian political forces involved in the conflict has allowed a consensual solution for ending the crisis and a return to constitutional rule. Cooperation has partly resumed. Full cooperation required the implementation of most of the steps laid down by the Dakar Agreement and the holding of presidential elections, which finally took place on 18 July 2009. Unsurprisingly, the presidential election saw the victory of the coup leader, General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, elected with 52% of the vote. He avoided a second round by just 17 000 votes. The President of the Independent National Electoral Commission, Mr Dey, resigned over ‘doubts (...) as to the fundamental reliability of these elections’. Three opposition candidates and leading political figures criticised the widespread fraud and lodged an appeal with the Constitutional Court. They were: Ahmed Ould Daddah, leader of the main opposition party, Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, Speaker of the National Assembly and the candidate for the anti-coup movement, and Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, former head of 5 See note by Stefan Krauss, DG EXPO – Policy Department, January 2010, PE 432 161. 6 European Parliament resolution of 4 September 2008 on the coup in Mauritania – P6_TA (2008)0411. 7 Council Decision 2009/472/EC, OJ L 156, 19.6.2009. PE439.030 4/22 CR\816451EN.doc EN the junta (2005-2007). It took the Court just 48 hours to uphold the victory of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. The EU declared that ‘allegations of electoral fraud should be properly investigated and decided upon by the competent Mauritanian institutions in accordance with national and international law standards.’ In accordance with the Council Decision of 6 April 2009, a joint monitoring mission by the EU Presidency and the Commission went to Mauritania from 5 to 7 October 2009 in order to assess the possibility of a full resumption of cooperation (10th EDF). The findings of the mission tallied with the opinion of the international community and Mauritania was considered to have made a complete return to constitutional order, thereby allowing the full resumption of cooperation as provided for by the decision of 6 April 2009. However, in accordance with the recommendations of the International Contact Group on Mauritania, there was a need for follow up on the chapter of the Dakar Agreement concerning an inclusive national dialogue after the presidential elections. This dialogue is aimed at strengthening the country’s stability while some of the issues that were root causes of the coup of 6 August 2008 have still not been addressed, in particular the rebalancing of power, the institutional reforms, the role of the armed forces and the strengthening of democracy and good governance in general. International cooperation: gradual resumption In terms of development projects, the EU (Member States and Commission) is the country’s second largest donor after the World Bank. Of the Member States, France, Germany and Spain fund major development programmes in the country. Under the 9th EDF, EU aid concentrated on transport (82%), capacity building (12%), and one non-focal sector (6%). To support the democratic transition in 2005, it was redirected towards institutional support projects. Support under the 10th FED (2008-2013) amounts to EUR 156 million. The first focal sector, governance (EUR 47 million), provides support for decentralisation, state modernisation and stronger citizen involvement, which
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