交战和危险地带一览表– 2016 年1 月12 日list of War and Risk Zones
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Algeria / February 2020
FACT SHEET > Algeria / February 2020 ALGERIA February 2020 UNHCR is providing international UNHCR provides protection and UNHCR leads the provision of protection, assistance and assistance to refugees and humanitarian assistance to services to Sahrawi refugees in asylum-seekers in urban areas. Sahrawi refugees, which the five camps near Tindouf in In 2019, 109 refugees departed involves coordination with all south-western Algeria. for resettlement to third countries. humanitarian actors in Tindouf. FUNDING USD 37.4 M requested for Algeria Operation received as of 10 March 2020: Funded 12% USD 4.6 M Shelter remains a critical need for Sahrawi families. Unfunded 88% © UNHCR / R. Fraser USD 32.7 M UNHCR PRESENCE Staff: 48 National Staff 10 International Staff 2 National UNVs Offices: 1 Representation in Algiers and 1 Sub-Office in Tindouf UNHCR partner Danish Refugee Council ’s business network workshop in Boujdour camp, attended by 18 Sahrawi refugees representing 16 businesses. © DRC / M. Nassima Aissaoui www.unhcr.org 1 FACT SHEET > Algeria / February 2020 Working with Partners ■ UNHCR is a member of the United Nations Country Team and works closely with the Algerian Government and with 13 partners in Algeria, three in Algiers and ten in Tindouf. UNHCR’s partners are: Algerian Red Crescent (ARC), Association des Femmes Algériennes pour le Développement (AFAD), Asociación de Trabajadores y Técnicos sin Fronteras (ATTSF), Danish Refugee Council (DRC), Humanité et Inclusion (HI), Enfants Refugiés du Monde (ERM), Green Tea Association, Movement for Peace, Disarmament & Liberty (MPDL), Oxfam, Réseau algérien pour la défense des droits de l'enfant (NADA), Solidaridad Internacional Andalucía (SI-A), Triangle Génération Humanitaire (TGH) and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM). -
L'espace Ksourien Monographie Du Ksar Echeikh, Ouled Said, (Timimoun)
République Algérienne Démocratique et populaire Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de recherche scientifique Université Saad Dahlab de Blida 1 Institut d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme Mémoire de fin d’étude en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Master II en Architecture Option : Architecture et Habitat Thème : L’Espace Ksourien Monographie du Ksar Echeikh, Ouled Said, (Timimoun) Présenté par : Mlle. Sihem ZEBOUDJI Encadré par : Dr. Arch. SAIDI MOHAMED Promotion 2017 - 2018 REMERCIEMENTS Mes vifs remerciements à Monsieur SAIDI pour son encadrement et ses orientations. Que le Dr. Arch. AIT SAADI notre Porteur de Master trouve ici toute ma reconnaissance pour son aide constante et ses conseils précieux. Je tiens à remercier mes amis de Timimoun et de Ouled Said pour leur accueil et leur hospitalité. Je rends hommage à leur grande gentillesse. Une grande reconnaissance à l’Administration du Département d’Architecture de l’université Saad Dahleb,Blida et en l’occurrence le personnel de la bibliothèque. 2 SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS SOMMAIRE RESUME CHAPITRE I : CHAPITRE INTRODUCTIF Introduction I- Présentation de la ville de Ouled Said ………………………….10 II- Problématique spécifique ………………………………………. 11 III- Démarche méthodologique …………………………………..….12 IV- Structure du mémoire ………………………………………..…. 15 CHAPITRE II : ETAT DE LA CONNAISSANCE Introduction II-1- Notions et définitions La crise de la ville……………………………………………….………..17 Le débat sur la ville en Algérie…………………………………………...18 Bilan des instruments d’aménagement et d’urbanisme en Algérie……….18 Critique -
Conflict Analysis of Morocco
Conflict analysis of Morocco January 2014 Anna Louise Strachan About this report This report provides a short synthesis of some of the most recent, high quality literature on the topic of conflict in Morocco. It aims to orient policymakers to the key debates and emerging issues. It was prepared (in December 2013) for the UK Government’s Department for International Development, © DFID Crown Copyright 2014. The views expressed in this report are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of GSDRC, its partner agencies or DFID. Expert contributors Dr Lise Storm - University of Exeter Dr Jonathan Hill – King’s College London Dr Michael Willis – St Antony’s College, University of Oxford Dr Alice Wilson – Homerton College, University of Cambridge Suggested citation Strachan, A.L. (2014). Conflict analysis of Morocco. Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham. This paper is one of a series of four conflict analyses on north-west Africa. The others are: Hinds, R. (2014). Conflict analysis of Tunisia. Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham. Rao, S. (2014). Conflict analysis of Mauritania. Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham. Strachan, A.L. (2014). Conflict analysis of Algeria. Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham. About GSDRC GSDRC is a partnership of research institutes, think-tanks and consultancy organisations with expertise in governance, social development, humanitarian and conflict issues. We provide applied knowledge services on demand and online. Our specialist research team supports a range of international development agencies, synthesising the latest evidence and expert thinking to inform policy and practice. GSDRC, International Development Department, College of Social Sciences University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK www.gsdrc.org [email protected] 2 GSDRC Conflict analysis of Morocco Contents 1. -
Biological Activities and Phenolic Contents of Argania Spinosa L (Sapotaceae) Leaf Extract
Dakiche et al Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research December 2016; 15 (12): 2563-2570 ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved. Available online at http://www.tjpr.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i12.5 Original Research Article Biological activities and phenolic contents of Argania spinosa L (Sapotaceae) leaf extract Hadjira Dakiche1,2*, Mustapha Khali1, Ahmed Khaled Abu-el-Haija3, Ammar Al- Maaytah3 and Qosay Ali Al-Balas3 1Laboratoire de Protection et de Valorisation des Ressources Agro-Biologiques, Faculté de Sciences de la Nature et de Vie, Université Saâd Dahlab Blida, BP 270, Route de Soumaâ, Blida 09000, 2Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-chimiques, BP 248, Alger RP, 16004 Alger, Algeria, 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan *For correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +213 555 497 211 Received: 20 June 2016 Revised accepted: 16 November 2016 Abstract Purpose: To investigate the phenolic profile and biological activities of Argania spinosa L. leaves. Methods: The crude methanol extract of leaves of A. spinosa L. Skeels was obtained by ultrasonic extraction, and the total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI- QTOF-MS). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical assay and antimicrobial activity evaluated using agar disk diffusion method against reference pathogenic strains (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 23715, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). -
UNHCR Algeria Factsheet June 2020.Pdf
FACT SHEET > Algeria / June 2020 ALGERIA June 2020 UNHCR provides protection, UNHCR provides protection and During the COVID-19 assistance and services to assistance to refugees and pandemic, UNHCR has Sahrawi refugees in the five asylum-seekers in urban areas adapted its activities to the camps near Tindouf in south- – including emergency cash changing circumstances, while western Algeria, with a focus on assistance for both groups during continuing to provide lifesaving health and WASH. the COVID-19 pandemic. assistance. FUNDING USD 37.4 M requested for Algeria Operation received as of 28 May 2020: Funded 19% USD 7.2 M Unfunded 81% Five water trucks were provided to the Sahrawi refugee USD 30.2 M community in May, making a total of eight since April. UNHCR / Ahmed Merdoukh COVID -19 in Algeria Refugees and asylum-seekers in Algeria have immediately felt the impacts following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. Tindouf: Although the camps are currently under lockdown, UN humanitarian agencies are working through partners to provide live-saving activities and essential health, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, and food without disruption. All basic and essential services are being provided. UNHCR continues to provide water and distributions of soap for all refugees, and bleach for health and education facilities; and to refill gas cylinders for 28,000 Sahrawi families on a near monthly basis. WFP is providing 152,678 food rations to vulnerable food-insecure refugees for May - July, to ensure that families have enough to eat given their diminished livelihoods. UNHCR is coordinating the response to COVID-19 in the Sahrawi refugee camps with the Sahrawi department in charge of health. -
Savoirs Autochtones Et Développement Éditrice Scientifique: Mina Kleiche-Dray
Autrepart n°81, 2017 Sommaire Savoirs autochtones et développement Éditrice scientifique: Mina Kleiche-Dray Mina Kleiche-Drav, Lessavoirs autochtones au servicedudéveloppement durable 3 ClaudiaLeonor Lôpez Garcés, Conflits territoriaux et modalités d'usage des forêts dansle territoire autochtone AltoTuriaçü(EtatdeMaranhâo, Brésil) : savoirs Ka'aporcontreexploitation forestière 21 Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh, Foresterie communautaire, savoirs autochtones et gouvernance participative au Nicaragua , 41 Elena Lazos Chavero, L'intégrationdesconnaissances localessurle maïsdansles politiques agroalimentaires au Mexique est-ellepossible? 57 Geneviève Michon, Didier Genin, Bruno Romagny, Mohamed Alifriqui, Laurent Auc1air, Autourde l'arganier :jusqu'où peut-on« fairesonmarché» dansles savoirs locaux ?................................................................................... 75 Tarik Ghodbani, Ouassini Dari, Sid-Ahmed Bellal, Mohamed Hadeid, Entrepertede savoirs locauxet changement social: lesdéfiset les enjeuxdela réhabilitation des foggaras dansle Touat, Saharaalgérien 91 Mélanie Blanchard, Éric Vall, Béatrice Tingueri Loumbana, Jean-Marc Meynard, Identification, caractérisation et évaluation des pratiques atypiques de gestiondesfumures organiques au BurkinaFaso: sources d'innovation ?...................................................................................... 115 Diego Landivar, Émilie RamiIlien, Savoirs autochtones, « nature-sujet»et gouvernance environnementale: uneanalyse desreconfigurations du droitet de la politique en Bolivie -
Evidence of Rift Valley Fever Seroprevalence in the Sahrawi Semi
Di Nardo et al. BMC Veterinary Research 2014, 10:92 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/10/92 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evidence of rift valley fever seroprevalence in the Sahrawi semi-nomadic pastoralist system, Western Sahara Antonello Di Nardo1,2*, Davide Rossi3, Saleh M Lamin Saleh4, Saleh M Lejlifa4, Sidumu J Hamdi4, Annapia Di Gennaro5, Giovanni Savini5 and Michael V Thrusfield6 Abstract Background: The increasing global importance of Rift Valley fever (RVF) is clearly demonstrated by its geographical expansion. The presence of a wide range of host and vector species, and the epidemiological characteristics of RVF, have led to concerns that epidemics will continue to occur in previously unaffected regions of Africa. The proximity of the Sahrawi territories of Western Sahara to endemic countries, such as Mauritania, Senegal, and Mali with periodic isolation of virus and serological evidence of RVF, and the intensive livestock trade in the region results in a serious risk of RVF spread in the Sahrawi territories, and potentially from there to the Maghreb and beyond. A sero-epidemiological survey was conducted in the Saharawi territories between March and April 2008 to investigate the possible presence of the RVF virus (RVFV) and associated risk factors. A two-stage cluster sampling design was used, incorporating 23 sampling sites. Results: A total of 982 serum samples was collected from 461 sheep, 463 goats and 58 camels. Eleven samples (0.97%) tested positive for IgG against the RVFV. There were clusters of high seroprevalence located mostly in the Tifariti (7.69%) and Mehaires (7.14%) regions, with the Tifariti event having been found in one single flock (4/26 positive animals). -
Introduction to the Fieldtrip
Devonian of the western Anti Atlas : correlations and events. Doc. Inst. Sci, Rabat, 19, 2004, 1-2 1 Introduction to the Fieldtrip Ahmed EL HASSANI Institut Scientifique, B.P. 703 Rabat – Agdal, 10106 Rabat, Morocco. [email protected] Structural Overview preceding the Ordovician, were dated by trilobites for the first time by DESTOMBES & FEIST (1987). The fieldtrip associated with the Annual Meeting of the International Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy Continuation of the Ordovician series is visible in the will be held in the Dra Valley which separates the Tindouf Zguid Valley which we will cross before the village of Basin from the Western Anti Atlas of Morocco. Besides the Foum Zguid. It is represented by an alternating sequence characteristic Quaternary gravel covering much of this arid of shales and micaceous sandstones or quarzites. The Bani area, all the sections that we will cross will be Palaeozoic in Sandstones are the most characteristic features and form age. Cretaceous outcrops preserved along the belt borders the principal peaks which we will see throughout our generally lie unconformably on the Palaeozoic. Structures excursion to the North of the Devonian sections (in Tata, were developed during the late Carboniferous and levelled Akka, Foum El Hassane and Torkoz). Graptolites allow before the Cretaceous transgression. dating as Tremadocian, Arenigian and Llanvirnian stages. Trilobites and brachiopods abound locally at several levels. The Triassic and Jurassic are missing everywhere in the The Ashgillian glacial-fluviatile or glacial-marine Anti Atlas, but Jurassic rocks are represented by doleritic formation ends the Ordovician series. This formation sills and dykes which penetrated into the folded and/or places southern Morocco near the South Pole during the faulted Palaeozoic sequences. -
Morccan Sahara File
Côte d'Ivoire urges settlement of Sahara issue under Moroccan autonomy plan Côte d'Ivoire called, on Saturday in New York, for settling the artificial conflict over the Moroccan Sahara as part of UNSC resolutions and the autonomy plan under Morocco's sovereignty. Concerning the Sahara issue, the Côte d'Ivoire "urges the parties to the conflict to show a spirit of compromise to solve this dispute under the relevant UNSC resolutions and the Moroccan autonomy initiative," said Côte d'Ivoire's permanent representative to the UN, ambassador Claude Bouah-Kamon during the general debate of the 70th UN General Assembly. The Ivorian diplomat affirmed his country's support for the talks process under the UN aegis. Bouah-Kamon, who warned against internal and regional conflicts prevailing in several parts of the world, called on the international community to pay attention to the situation in the Middle-East, Syria, Libya and the Sahara. MAP 04 October 2015 Position of Swedish government is counterproductive, European deputy The position of the Swedish government, which is about to adopt a draft law to recognize "SADR" fake entity, is counterproductive, said on Tuesday Gilles Pargneaux, socialist deputy at the European parliament. This is a useless and counterproductive gesture while the international community has agreed that any solution to that regional conflict goes through the UN, on the basis of the Moroccan initiative to grant broad autonomy to the Saharan provinces, the Euro-deputy told MAP. This is the only credible solution which will spare the region instability and ensure free movement of people and goods, he added, underlining the need to put an end to this "no man's land" mainly on the Algerian part which is prejudicial to security in the Sahel-Saharan region. -
A Correlation Analysis of Low-Level Conflict in North African Berber Groups, 1990-2011
A CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF LOW-LEVEL CONFLICT IN NORTH AFRICAN BERBER GROUPS, 1990-2011 A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Suzanne Hollands, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April 10, 2014 Copyright 2014 by Suzanne Hollands-Sibley All Rights Reserved. ii A CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF LOW-LEVEL CONFLICT IN NORTH AFRICAN BERBER GROUPS, 1990-2011 Suzanne Hollands-Sibley, B.A. MALS Mentors: John O. Voll, Ph.D., Andy Vogt, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Berber regions of North Africa have long resisted incursion from the outside world. Regional conquests from the Punics, Greeks and Romans were repeatedly met with persistent and at times violent resistance, particularly under Greek and Roman rule. With the Arab conquest in the seventh century AD, the depth of penetration into Berber culture was fundamentally altered, particularly in the area of religion and language. Though still committed to Islam as a religion, recent Berber movements have shown a marked resistance to Arab cultural identity, seeking instead to re-establish a purely Berber cultural ethos through the revival of their indigenous Amazigh language and customs. Because their former identity precedes the advent of Islam, the Berber have recently sought to reconcile their ancient cultural heritage, particularly their language, with a religion they adopted in the seventh century but whose very language they conceive of as that of a former oppressor. Rather than rejecting Islam, they choose instead to reinvent it, replacing the sacred Arabic language of the QUrán with their lingua franca – Tamazight – in their practice of Islam, thereby uniting both culture and religion and reinforcing a cultural identity. -
The Politics of Electoral Manipulation in Autocracies
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles To Rig the Rules or To Break the Rules: The Politics of Electoral Manipulation in Autocracies A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Yuree Noh 2018 c Copyright by Yuree Noh 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION To Rig the Rules or To Break the Rules: The Politics of Electoral Manipulation in Autocracies by Yuree Noh Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Barbara Geddes, Chair Why do some authoritarian leaders use extensive fraud to control election results whereas others do not? In my dissertation, I identify the conditions under which dictators choose to resort to fraud or not. I argue the importance of social cohesion and citizen networks that facilitate the spread of information regarding rigged elections among citizens. Informed citizens are more likely to solve collective action porblems and mobilize themselves against against the regime. Incumbent elites fear triggering the kinds of popular uprisings that sometimes overthrow dictatorships. Consequently, they avoid using outright fraud in places where citizens are densely enmeshed in civil society associations. I test my argument using cross-national and subnational empirical evidence in addition to case studies of Algeria and Kuwait. My results also show that those autocrats who are especially dependent foreign support rely on rule manipulation that is less visible. I demonstrate that fraud accounts are negatively correlated with election rule changes, suggesting that they operate as partial substitutes in the incumbent's toolkit. ii The dissertation of Yuree Noh is approved. -
New Japan Funding for Refugees and Asylum-Seekers in Algeria
New Japan funding for Refugees and PLACE Asylum-Seekers in Algeria Algiers ALGERIA DATE 28 February 2021 The United Nations Refugee Agency, UNHCR, welcomes a contribution of USD 1 million from the Government of Japan for essential humanitarian assistance to refugees and asylum-seekers in Algiers and other urban areas, and for Sahrawi refugees in the five refugee camps in Tindouf province, in south-western Algeria. Japan’s timely and essential contribution will allow UNHCR to respond to the protection and assistance needs of refugees and asylum-seekers in the country through UNHCR’s humanitarian assistance programme. Japan’s contribution will specifically help ensure health assistance for both refugees and asylum-seekers. Support provided will include access to health services, including COVID-19 prevention and response, reproductive health capacity development, and distribution of sanitary materials for the most vulnerable Sahrawi refugees living in the Tindouf refugee camps. For refugees and asylum-seekers in urban areas, support will include access to all levels of health service including COVID-19 prevention and response. “UNHCR would like to thank the people and the Government of Japan, for their support to the persons of concern to UNHCR – both urban asylum-seekers and refugees, including the Sahrawi refugee population in the camps,” said UNHCR Representative Agostino Mulas. “This significant contribution is crucial as the Algeria operation is precariously underfunded, and we need additional donors for our very much needed lifesaving programmes. We are so pleased that Japan has made this very generous contribution.” H.E. Mr. KONO Akira, Ambassador of Japan to Algeria, remarked: “I highly appreciate the activity of UNHCR and feel delighted to work together on this project, which goes in line with the promotion of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) stipulated in the SDGs.