Botryosphaeriaceae Species Overlap on Four Unrelated, Native South African Hosts
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Botryosphaeria Infections in New Zealand Grapevine Nurseries: Sources of Inoculum and Infection Pathways
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Botryosphaeria infections in New Zealand grapevine nurseries: Sources of inoculum and infection pathways A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Pathology by Regina Billones-Baaijens Lincoln University 2011 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Pathology Abstract Botryosphaeria infections in New Zealand grapevine nurseries: Inoculum sources and infection pathways by Regina Billones-Baaijens The botryosphaeriaceous fungi can cause decline, dieback and death of grapevines. Anecdotal evidence has indicated that these pathogens might be present in the young vines sold by propagation nurseries, so this study investigated their role in spread of this disease. Sampling of grapevine nurseries across New Zealand showed that botryosphaeriaceous infections were present in eight out of nine nurseries with infection incidence ranging from 5 to 63%. Of the 311 propagation materials and plants received, 23% were positive for botryosphaeriaceous infection, with a total of 120 isolates recovered. -
<I>Botryosphaeriales</I>
Persoonia 33, 2014: 155–168 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684780 Confronting the constraints of morphological taxonomy in the Botryosphaeriales B. Slippers1, J. Roux2, M.J. Wingfield1, F.J.J. van der Walt2, F. Jami2, J.W.M. Mehl2, G.J. Marais3 Key words Abstract Identification of fungi and the International Code of Nomenclature underpinning this process, rests strongly on the characterisation of morphological structures. Yet, the value of these characters to define species in Botryosphaeriales many groups has become questionable or even superfluous. This has emerged as DNA-based techniques have morphotaxa increasingly revealed cryptic species and species complexes. This problem is vividly illustrated in the present phylogeny study where 105 isolates of the Botryosphaeriales were recovered from both healthy and diseased woody tissues taxonomy of native Acacia spp. in Namibia and South Africa. Thirteen phylogenetically distinct groups were identified based tree health on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA PCR-RFLP and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) sequence data, two loci that are known to be reliable markers to distinguish species in the Botryosphaeriales. Four of these groups could be linked reliably to sequence data for formerly described species, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella dulcispinae, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and Spencermartinsia viticola. Nine groups, however, could not be linked to any other species known from culture and for which sequence data are available. These groups are, therefore, described as Aplosporella africana, A. papillata, Botryosphaeria auasmontanum, Dothiorella capri-amissi, Do. oblonga, Lasiodiplodia pyriformis, Spencermartinsia rosulata, Sphaeropsis variabilis and an un- described Neofusicoccum sp. -
Aplosporella Ginkgonis (Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriales), a New Species Isolated from Ginkgo Biloba in China
Mycosphere 8 (2): 1246–1252 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/2/8 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Aplosporella ginkgonis (Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriales), a new species isolated from Ginkgo biloba in China Du Z1, Fan XL1, Yang Q1, Hyde KD2 and Tian CM 1* 1 The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Du Z, Fan XL, Yang Q, Hyde KD, Tian CM 2017 – Aplosporella ginkgonis (Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriales), a new species isolated from Ginkgo biloba in China. Mycosphere 8(2), 1246– 1252, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/2/8 Abstract Aplosporella ginkgonis sp. nov., is described from symptomatic branches of Ginkgo biloba in China based on morphological and molecular analysis. It is characterized by multiloculate conidiomata, with one to four ostioles, and aseptate, brown, ellipsoid to oblong conidia. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, and tef1-α sequence data, support the position of the new species in Aplosporella, which forms a monophyletic lineage with strong support (MP/BI = 100/1). Thus, a new species is introduced in this paper to accommodate this taxon. Key words – Ascomycetous fungi – Canker disease – Dothideomycetes – Systematics – Taxonomy Introduction Aplosporella (Aplosporellaceae) was introduced by Spegazzini (1880) and has frequently been incorrectly synonymized, especially under Haplosporella (Tilak & Rao 1964, Petrak & Sydow 1927, Tai 1979, Wei 1979). In addition, the introduction of most new species was based on host occurrence, whereas recent studies suggest that taxa in this genus are not host-specific (Fan et al. -
Phytotoxins Produced by Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases
Toxins 2011, 3, 1569-1605; doi:10.3390/toxins3121569 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Review Phytotoxins Produced by Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases Anna Andolfi 1,*, Laura Mugnai 2,*, Jordi Luque 3, Giuseppe Surico 2, Alessio Cimmino 1 and Antonio Evidente 1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (A.E.) 2 Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Sezione Protezione delle piante, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze I-50144, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Departament de Patologia Vegetal, IRTA, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, Cabrils E-08348, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (L.M.); Tel.: +39-081-2539-179 (A.A.); +39-055-3288-274 (L.M.); Fax: +39-081-2539-186 (A.A.); +39-055-3288-273 (L.M.). Received: 8 November 2011; in revised form: 29 November 2011 / Accepted: 30 November 2011 / Published: 20 December 2011 Abstract: Up to 60 species of fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, genera Cadophora, Cryptovalsa, Cylindrocarpon, Diatrype, Diatrypella, Eutypa, Eutypella, Fomitiporella, Fomitiporia, Inocutis, Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella have been isolated from decline-affected grapevines all around the World. The main grapevine trunk diseases of mature vines are Eutypa dieback, the esca complex and cankers caused by the Botryospheriaceae, while in young vines the main diseases are Petri and black foot diseases. -
Analysisandinterpreta Tion Of
A N A L Y S I S A N D I N T E R P R E T A T I O N OF B O T A N I C A L R E M A I N S F R O M S I B U D U C A V E , K W A Z U L U – N A T A L Christine Scott A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Archaeology School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, 2005 D E C L A R A T I O N I declare that this thesis is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the Degree of Master of Science in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. ……………………… Signature of candidate …….. day of …..…………… 2005 ii A B S T R A C T The identification and analysis of seeds (including fruits and nuts) from second millennium AD deposits at Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, constitute the first in-depth archaeobotanical study of seeds in South Africa. The study highlights problems in the reconstruction of past vegetation and climatic variables from seed data. The Sibudu seed assemblage produced no evidence to suggest vegetation change in the Sibudu area during the last 1000 years. Either it is not possible to identify short-term fluctuations in indigenous vegetation from seed data, or the evidence of vegetation change has been masked by the influence of the perennial Tongati River, depositional history, differential preservation and recovery, and identification difficulties. -
Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species
Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................ -
Forest Site Disturbances and Seedling Emergence in Kalinzu Forest, Uganda
MUHANGUZI et al. 91 Tropical Ecology 46(1): 91-98, 2005 ISSN 0564-3295 © International Society for Tropical Ecology Forest site disturbances and seedling emergence in Kalinzu Forest, Uganda HOSEA D.R MUHANGUZI1, JOSEPH OBUA2∗, HANNINGTON OREYM-ORIGA3 & OLE R. VETAAS4 1Department of Science & Technical Education, Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; 2 Department of Forest Biology & Ecosystems Management, Makerere University P.O Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; 3Department of Botany, Makerere University, University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; 4Centre for Development Studies, Bergen University, Stomgt. 54, N-5007, Bergen, Norway Abstract: The influence of forest site manipulations (loosening soil, weeding and removing topsoil) and forest light environment on emergence of seedlings of selected pioneer, canopy and understorey tree species were assessed in Kalinzu Forest in areas with different management histories. The species were Craterispermum laurinum, Funtumia africana, Musanga leo- errerae, Parinari excelsa, Strombosia scheffleri and Trema orientalis. Most seedlings (> 38 %) emerged where the soil was loosened and least (< 10 %) in the undisturbed plots. With the exception of the pioneer species (T. orientalis and M. orientalis), seedlings of other species emerged in all the manipulated plots. Seedlings of the pioneer species only emerged in plots with light intensity ≥90 % while those of the canopy and sub-canopy species (P. excelsa, F. africana and S. scheffleri) emerged in plots where light intensity ranged from 6 % to 100 %. Resumen: Se evaluó la influencia de las manipulaciones locales del bosque (aflojamiento del suelo, desyerbe y remoción del suelo superficial) y del ambiente lumínico del bosque sobre la emergencia de plántulas de una selección de especies arbóreas pioneras, de dosel y de sotobosque en el Bosque Kalinzu, en áreas con diferentes historias de manejo. -
Phylogenetic Lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae
STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 55: 235–253. 2006. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae Pedro W. Crous1*, Bernard Slippers2, Michael J. Wingfield2, John Rheeder3, Walter F.O. Marasas3, Alan J.L. Philips4, Artur Alves5, Treena Burgess6, Paul Barber6 and Johannes Z. Groenewald1 1Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa; 3PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa; 4Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; 5Centro de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; 6School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia *Correspondence: Pedro W. Crous, [email protected] Abstract: Botryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have anamorphs apparently typical of Botryosphaeria s.str. Recent studies have also linked Botryosphaeria to species with pigmented, septate ascospores, and Dothiorella anamorphs, or Fusicoccum anamorphs with Dichomera synanamorphs. The aim of this study was to employ DNA sequence data of the 28S rDNA to resolve apparent lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae. -
Five New Species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from Acacia Karroo in South Africa
ERRATUM PUBLICATION DE 2012, FASCICULE 3 (Auteurs corrigés) Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2012, 33 (3) Numéro spécial Coelomycetes: 245-266 © 2012 Adac. Tous droits réservés Five new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from Acacia karroo in South Africa Fahimeh JAMIa, Bernard SLIPPERSb, Mike J. WINGFIELDa & Marieka GRYZENHOUTc,* aDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa bDepartment of Genetics, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa cDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa email: [email protected] Abstract – The Botryosphaeriaceae represents an important, cosmopolitan family of latent pathogens infecting woody plants. Recent studies on native trees in southern Africa have revealed an extensive diversity of species of Botryosphaeriaceae, about half of which have not been previously described. This study adds to this growing body of knowledge, by discovering five new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae on Acacia karroo, a commonly occurring native tree in southern Africa. These species were isolated from both healthy and diseased tissues, suggesting they could be latent pathogens. The isolates were compared to other species for which DNA sequence data are available using phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS, TEF-1α, β-tubulin and LSU gene regions, and characterized based on their morphology. The morphological data were, however, useful to make comparisons with other species found in the same region and on similar hosts. The five new species were described as Diplodia allocellula, Dothiorella dulcispinae, Do. brevicollis, Spencermartinsia pretoriensis and Tiarosporella urbis-rosarum. Evidence emerging from this study suggests that many more species of the Botryosphaeriaceae remain to be discovered in the southern Africa. -
Celtis Sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) Naturalised in Northern South Africa and Keys to Distinguish Between Celtis Species Commonly Cultivated in Urban Environments
Bothalia - African Biodiversity & Conservation ISSN: (Online) 2311-9284, (Print) 0006-8241 Page 1 of 9 Original Research Celtis sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) naturalised in northern South Africa and keys to distinguish between Celtis species commonly cultivated in urban environments Authors: Background: Alien Celtis species are commonly cultivated in South Africa. They are easily 1 Stefan J. Siebert confused with indigenous C. africana Burm.f. and are often erroneously traded as such. Celtis Madeleen Struwig1,2,3 Leandra Knoetze1 australis L. is a declared alien invasive tree. Celtis sinensis Pers. is not, but has become Dennis M. Komape1 conspicuous in urban open spaces. Affiliations: Objectives: This study investigates the extent to which C. sinensis has become naturalised, 1Unit for Environmental constructs keys to distinguish between indigenous and cultivated Celtis species, and provides Sciences and Management, a descriptive treatment of C. sinensis. North-West University, South Africa Methods: Land-cover types colonised by C. sinensis were randomly sampled with 16 belt transects. Woody species were identified, counted and height measured to determine the 2 Department of Soil, Crop population structure. C. africana and the three alien Celtis species were cultivated for 2 years and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, and compared morphologically. South Africa Results: Celtis sinensis, Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach were found to be alien species, 3Department of Botany, most abundant in urban areas. The population structure of C. sinensis corresponds to that of National Museum, the declared invasive alien, M. azedarach. Although C. africana occurs naturally, it is not South Africa regularly cultivated. This is ascribed to erroneous plantings because of its resemblance to juvenile plants of C. -
From Southeast-Central and Southern Africa with the Description Of
A revision of the genus Arbelodes Karsch (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Metarbelidae) from southeast-central and southern Africa with the description of thirteen new species Ingo Lehmann Published by the author Author: Ingo Lehmann Produced by: S&K NEUE Hamburger Digitaldruck + Medien GmbH Hamburg – Germany This publication may be ordered from: the author Date of publication: 23rd August, 2010 Copyright © 2010 The author All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, stored or transmitted electronically in any retrieval system without written prior permission of the copyright holder. One original hard copy of this publication has been sent to: the Zoological Record, Thomson Reuters, Heslington, York, UK The Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH), the Natural History Museum, Paris, France (MNHN), the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi (NMK), the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium (RMCA), the Transvaal Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa (TMSA), the Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (ZFMK), the Natural History Museum, Humboldt-University, Berlin (ZMHB). 2 Date of publication: 23rd August, 2010 (Pp. 1- 82 ) A revision of the genus Arbelodes Karsch (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Metarbelidae) from southeast-central and southern Africa with the description of thirteen new species Ingo Lehmann Breite Straße 52, 23966 Wismar, Germany, [email protected] University of Bonn, Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander Koenig Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany ABSTRACT The genus Arbelodes Karsch (1896) is presented, currently comprising 22 species, from southeast-central and southern Africa. This genus is found to be centred in southern Africa, with the highest diversities and endemism in montane zones as in the Great Escarpment-Drakensberg (South Africa and Lesotho), the Cape Floristic Region and in southern Namibia. -
Aplosporella Thailandica; a Novel Species Revealing the Sexual-Asexual Connection in Aplosporellaceae (Botryosphaeriales)
Mycosphere 7 (4): 440–447 (2016) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/4/4 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Aplosporella thailandica; a novel species revealing the sexual-asexual connection in Aplosporellaceae (Botryosphaeriales) Ekanayaka AH1,2,3,6, Dissanayake AJ1,4, Jayasiri SC1,5, To-anun C6, Jones EBG6,7, Zhao Q1,2,8 and Hyde KD1 1Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. 2 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China. 3World Agro forestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China. 4Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China. 5Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China. 6Division of Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 7Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia. 8Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, People’s Republic of China. Ekanayaka AH, Dissanayake AJ, Jayasiri SC, To-anun C, Jones EBG, Zhao Q, Hyde KD 2016 – Aplosporella thailandica; a novel species revealing the sexual-asexual connection in Aplosporellaceae (Botryosphaeriales). Mycosphere 7(4), 440–447, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/4/4 Abstract Aplosporella thailandica sp.