Issue 25: 3 October, 2013 The IAAP Bulletin IAAP The The IAAP Bulletin The International Association of Applied Psychology Covering the World of Applied Psychology Volume 25, Number 3 October,Volume3 2013 Number 25,

Christchurch, New Zealand

The Middle of Middle Earth--Wellington, New Zealand

In this Issue: Psychology and Africa, Remembering Charlie Spielberger, Members’ Awards, Division News, Thoughts from Middle Earth, Call for Nomination of Fellows,

pages 1–68 pages Coping in Difficult Economic Times, ICAP 2014, Commentary and more…

Editor: Valerie Hearn, USA Email for submissions: vchearn@comcast net

001-apnl-v25-i3-oc(2.65mm).indd 1 8/23/2013 3:41:11 PM Divisions of IAAP Division 1—Work and Organizational Psychology Handan Kepir Sinangil, President. [email protected] Division 2—Psychological Assessment and Evaluation Thomas Oakland, President. [email protected] Division 3—Psychology and Societal Development Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı, President. [email protected] Division 4—Environmental Psychology Linda Steg, President. [email protected] Division 5—Educational and School Psychology Kit-Tai Hau, President. [email protected] Division 6—Clinical and Community Psychology Neville Blampied, President. [email protected] Division 7—Applied Gerontology Florence Denmark, President. [email protected] Division 8—Health Psychology Aleksandra Luszczynska, President. [email protected] Division 9—Economic Psychology Erich Kirchler, President. [email protected] Division 10—Psychology and Law Alfred Allan, President. [email protected] Division 11—Political Psychology Takehiko Ito, President. [email protected] Division 12—Sport Psychology Howard Hall, President. [email protected] Division 13—Traffic Psychology Gerald Matthews, President. [email protected] Division 14—Applied Cognitive Psychology Boris M. Velichkovsky, President. [email protected] Division 15—Student Division Anna Sagana, President. [email protected] Division 16—Counselling Psychology Mark Savickas, President. [email protected] Division 17—Professional Practice James Bray, President. [email protected] Division 18—History of Applied Psychology Heliodoro Carpintero, President. [email protected]

002-apnl-v25-i3-ic(2.65mm).indd 1 8/23/2013 3:41:21 PM Editorial

It’s so much fun to be able to visit wonderful places around the world to attend international conferences. I’m writing this editorial in yet a different place in the world, namely Stockholm, where the European Congress of Psychology’s biennial conference is being held. Speaking of conferences, in the President’s Corner, our President, José M. Pieró, issues an invitation to all of us to attend the next Regional Conference of Psychology, The Eastern Africa Regional Conference of Psychology (EARCP) which will be held in Kampala, Uganda from the 6th to the 8th of November. The conference theme is “The Role of Psychology in Addressing Societal Challenges”. http://rcp2013ug.org Also from Africa, we have an article describing the historic 1st Pan-African Psychology Union Workshop. Again speaking of conferences, our ICAP will be here before you know it. The Congress President, Christine Roland-Lévy, gives us details. Also, see: www.icap.2014.com Congratulations to our President, José Maria Pieró, and our President-Elect, Janel Gauthier. Each has recently won a prestigious award. For details, read further. The Division News is especially interesting this time as it contains more than the usual amount of news and information about the goings on of our Divisions and their members. This is due, in part, because there are a number of Division Annual Reports included, in addition to the regular news of the Divisions. The Annual Reports describe the activities of the Divisions over the last year. If your Division isn’t as active as you might like it to be, reading these annual reports should give you a plethora of ideas about projects that your Division might undertake. This issue is also unusual in that there are two articles written about clinical psychology, a subject dear to my heart. James Bray, the new president of the relatively new Division 17, Professional Practice, talks about a symposium he will be giving at the ICAP in Paris with Dr. Robyn Vines on a collaborative model of mental and general health care. He also talks about Give an Hour, an organization in the United States which connects psychologists willing to give an hour of pro bono therapy each week to veterans who need that therapy. Also, in the Division 18 news, there is an article about the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Our friend and colleague, Charlie Spielberger, died on June 11th. He was known the world over for his contributions to the field of applied clinical psychology. He played many roles in universities and professional associations as well as in the lives of individuals. Read on for the warm, touching tributes to Charlie. Continue reading for information about the call for nominations for IAAP Fellows. Do you know an IAAP member who is a distinguished psychologist who you would like to see awarded Fellow status? Any IAAP member is eligible to submit nominations. See the article from Mike Knowles. Also in Bulletin we have a description of a research project “The Great Recession: Stress and Coping in Difficult Economic Times” and as always, last but never least, “Commentary” by Robert Morgan. 1

apnl_v25_i3.indd 1 8/23/2013 3:41:13 PM P.S. I have been fortunate to have seen Ray and Sandy Fowler twice recently. They are doing well in sunny Southern California or “Paradise” as San Diego residents call it. Here’s a picture to prove it.

–Valerie Hearn, Editor, IAAP Bulletin

Ray and Sandy Fowler

President’s Corner The Eastern Africa Regional Conference of Psychology (EARCP): “The Role of Psychology in Addressing Societal Challenges” I’d like to devote this President’s Corner to the next EARCP, which IAAP is sponsoring along with IUPsyS and IACCP, with several aims in mind: First to provide you with relevant information about it (you can learn more on the web site of the conference, http://rcp2013ug.org), second to reflect about the meaning of this type of activity for our Association and finally to invite you José M. Peiró, to participate in it. IAAP President Let me first share with you some information. The EARCP will be held in Kampala (Uganda) from 6 to 8 November, 2013. It is organized by the Uganda Society of Applied Psychologists in cooperation with the Uganda National Psychology Association. It is the first time a regional conference will take place in the Eastern Africa Region. It aims to bringing together academic, professional, non-practicing, and student psychologists within the Region (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Southern Sudan, Sudan and Ethiopia) and the diaspora. Psychologists from any other region of the world are also welcome and there are already quite a number who have registered to participate. The EARCP is the tenth Regional Conference organized under the sponsorship of IAAP, IUPsyS and IACCP. The first one was held in Guangzhou, (China) in 1995. IAAP has the primary responsibility for supporting and cooperating closely with the local organizers. 2

apnl_v25_i3.indd 2 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM The proposal to organize the conference in the Eastern Africa Region was initially made by Ray Fowler during his presidency. John Munnene, a member of the IAAP BoD, is the chair of the conference and Michael Frese is acting as the primary liaison on behalf of IAAP, in cooperation with Michel Sabourin (IUPsyS) and Bill Gabrenya (IACCP). The scientific com­ mittee is composed of researchers, academics and professionals from different countries in the region and their members. They, along with the organizing committee, are working hard to offer an excellent program and also a space for information exchange, learning, networking and cooperation. The program covers a wide array of areas and disciplines such as General psychological health (healthy behavior, sexuality, disabilities, disaster survivors, etc.); Psychology in the work place (motivation, self-employment productivity enhancement systems, coping with poverty, . . .); Positive Psychology (happiness and national development, strength based approaches, . . .); Psychosocial issues of youth and children (parenting and parenting styles, youth rebellion, street children, child abuse and domestic violence); Psychological testing, data analysis and interpretation; Educational and school psychology (Career counseling, universal education; special needs, . . .); Gender development and identity (women in leadership, gender based violence, roles and culture, . . .); and other topics such as Curriculum development, the Psychology profession, the Culture of peace and conflict resolution and Psychology and the environment. About a dozen workshops are already confirmed: Conflict and peace building (Chalmers Thompson), Cultural psychology methods (Robert Serpell), Designing situational interviews (Gary Latham), Disaster management (Judy Kuriansky), Ethics (Janel Gauthier), HR systems development (David Guest), Stress management (José Peiró), Structural equation modeling (Gerrit Rooks), Training of entrepreneurs (Michael Frese), Youth Rebellion (Mirian Ofonedu) and Developing non-cognitive diagnostic instruments (Neal Schmitt). In addition, a number of keynote speakers have also confirmed their participation: Saths Cooper, Chalmer Thomson, Mohammed Seedat, Gerrit Rooks, Robert Serpell, Umesh Bawa and Shahnaaz Suffla. The Conference aims to fulfill a number of goals that are really important for Psychology in the region and also on the international scene. The best way to emphasize their relevance is to share with you the goals as they have been established in the letter of agreement signed by the partners involved in the organization of this Conference. They read as follows: - To strengthen the connections between the research, practice, and training components of ethical psychological science in the region; - To provide an opportunity for Eastern African psychologists to contribute to the development of a culturally-appropriate, diverse and global psychological science by sharing their research, teaching and practice with regional colleagues (including the diaspora from the region) and with colleagues from other parts of the world; - To increase the knowledge of academic and applied psychologists in the region about psychology in other parts of the world and to specifically involve scientists, practitioners and organizations from outside the region whose work is pertinent to psychologists in the region and who are able to transfer knowledge; - To organize a number of workshops that allow psychologists of the region to engage in continued education on contemporary techniques, methodologies, and theories that are appropriate to their own work; - To increase professional and public awareness of the role of psychological science in promoting individual, community, national and regional well-being and development; 3

apnl_v25_i3.indd 3 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM - To promote the sustained collaboration of academic and applied psychologists (including trained but non-practicing psychologists) within the Eastern African region and the diaspora; and - To develop a regional network of psychologists to enhance capacity building and the development of psychology in the region, at individual, institutional and national levels. I hope that you agree that these goals deserve important efforts and contributions from our organization. It is good that we are doing this in cooperation with other international associations and also with associations from the region. In a global world, psychology needs to be global also, but it will be truly global only if the different regions contribute to its relevance and progress and if the demands and contributions from the different parts of the world are taken into consideration. Moreover, psychology as a science and a profession has to address societal changes contributing to the demands and challenges relevant in different regions and contexts. I am really confident that this event is going to be excellent, and that is why I am pleased to invite you personally to register and participate. If you decide to do so, be assured that you will be warmly welcomed. If you cannot attend the Conference, I hope you will feel proud of being a member of an Association that sponsors and promotes this and other activities aiming to contribute to the development of Psychology on the international scene for the sake of individuals and societies. Best regards from José M. Peiró President of IAAP

Charlie Spielberger (1927–2013) We have sad news: our highly appreciated master and friend, Charles D. Spielberger, passed away at his home in Tampa, FL. (US) on June, 11, 2013. He was well-known and respected internationally and was a widely acknowledged researcher in the field of personality evaluation. Dr. Spielberger received scientific and technical training at the Georgia Institute of Technology (1949) and a Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Iowa. He then became deeply involved in research in the area of personality Charlie Spielberger evaluation. His well-known tests on anger and anxiety measurement (among them, the State-Trait Anger Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), have been adapted and employed in the United States as well as many countries outside the US. He created an important network of collaborators and specialists all over the world, giving support to his views on assessment and clinical intervention with a cross cultural data base. Charlie had an enormous capacity for work. For many years he was director of the Center for Research in Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology at the University of South Florida (Tampa, FL). At the same time, he was also deeply involved in many scientific and professional societies. Among other relevant positions, he was president of the American Psychological Association (1991–2) and of the International Council of Psychologists (1986–87) as well as President of the International Association of Applied Psychology -our society- from 1998–2002. He was also founder of the Society for Test Anxiety Research (STAR), heading it from 1981 to 1984. 4

apnl_v25_i3.indd 4 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM He was for years a tireless traveler, lecturing in universities and developing research programs on the themes of his specialty with local groups of colleagues. I had the opportunity of meeting him and his very distinguished wife, Carol Lee, the dear companion for his travels and meetings around the world, because of his many visits to Spain, where he found important collaborators such as R. Fernandez-Ballesteros, V. del Barrio, J. Miguel Tobal, A. Cano-Vindel, D. Gomez, G. Buela, and A. Aluja, among others.

In recent years he made important contributions to health psychology and behavioral medicine. Namely, he paid great attention to the influence of psychological variables upon cardiovascular disorders and cancer and also to the problem of job stress in modern life.

He wrote many articles and books on the cited topics. Among them: Anxiety and Behavior (1966), Anxiety. Current trends in theory and research, (1972), Stress and anxiety (with I. Sarason) (1975), and Cross cultural anxiety (with R. Diaz-Guerrero) (1976). He was the chief editor of the Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, a significant three volume contribution to the knowledge of our field (2004).

He usually attended most of the international congresses where clinical psychology and assessment were featured, during which he always gave significant presentations and held discussions. There he multiplied his contacts with older and younger people working on the topics in which he was interested. From now on, he will be missed by countless friends and colleagues all over the world. His ideas, his instruments of work and his lessons on how to deal with psychological problems will not be lost.

–Helio Carpintero

Charles Donald Spielberger, PhD (born 1927) passed away June 11, 2013. Dr. Spielberger was a clinical and community psychologist best known for his work on personality and health. He was Past-President of the American Psychological Association and an emeritus member of the Psychology Department at the University of South Florida (USF), where he served as Department Chair. Dr. Spielberger was a USF Distinguished Research Professor, the highest academic honor bestowed by the University. An internationally acclaimed scholar, he wrote over 460 professional publications. He was also a mentor to many graduate students, and he provided gifts to the USF Foundation to support graduate students through scholarships. In recognition for his work, Dr. Spielberger received numerous awards, including the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology and the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology from the American Psychological Foundation. After his official retirement, he remained an active researcher, running the Center for Research in Behavioral Medicine & Health Psychology.

Before coming to USF, he taught at Vanderbilt University (1962–1967) and Florida State University (1967–1972). He also served as a visiting faculty member at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Spielberger served in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1946 to 1979, retiring at the rank of Commander. He earned a B.S. in chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Iowa.

Dr. Spielberger is survived by his wife, Carol, and his son, Nicholas. 5

apnl_v25_i3.indd 5 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM If you wish to send a card to Carol, the address is: 11313 Carrollwood Drive Tampa, FL 33618 –Dr. Michael Brannick, Chair, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida

Charlie Spielberger and Ray Fowler were good friends for over a half century. They first met in 1954 when they both arrived at the Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts for their internships. Their friendship and close professional association continued throughout their careers. They served as officers in many organizations together and successively so that there was rarely a year when then did not see each other quite a few times. Ray wrote for Charlie’s Retirement Festschrift, “I was immediately impressed by Charlie. First, he already had his doctorate, which put him a step above the rest of us interns. And second, he was much more worldly and sophisticated. While the rest of us brought beer to internship parties, Charlie brought a bottle of gin, slightly flavored with vermouth, with olives floating in it. How cool can you get?” After their internship year, they went their separate ways but each one ended up at universities in the south, both playing leadership roles. Ray wrote, “In 1972, Charlie became president of the Southeastern Psychological Association (SEPA). That was the beginning of our hop scotch through some of the same psychological association positions.” They both served as Treasurer and President of the American Psychological Association and President of the International Association of Applied Psychology, among others. Ray felt very fortunate to have had Charlie as a lifelong friend. I know that if he could, Ray would say that the world of psychology will miss Charlie, and he will miss his treasured colleague and friend. –Sandra M. Fowler

Charlie may have touched the lives of more psychologists in the US and abroad than any other person. His research on anxiety, psychological qualities that impact health and professional issues in psychology constitute only three of the many important areas in which he was regarded as a world class scholar. His leadership in the American Psychological Association, especially while he was APA treasurer, was instrumental in saving the financial status of this association; few people know of this important period and his critical role. Charlie strengthened IAAP through his leadership as well as the IUPsyS, the International Test Commission, and other associations through his involvement. Charlie took a personal interest in thousands of people, those who were established and newcomers, wanting to know their areas of research and how he may assist them. My conversations with Charlie always resulted in feelings of personal affiliation and warm friendship. They were also opportunities to learn from him, and to appreciate an opportunity to receive his attention and interest. –Thomas Oakland I knew Charlie many years ago–in the age of behaviorist dogma he was one of the few that stood up for the mind. A man genuinely worthy of admiration. –Edwin A. Locke 6

apnl_v25_i3.indd 6 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM This is a very sad moment – that of hearing the news of Charlie’s passing away or going on ahead as it is more comforting to say. Charlie was the first world-renowned figure in psychology whose research I learnt about asa student, and then some thirty years later I came to know him as a colleague. In due course we became warm friends and then even closer with the inclusion of Carol and Angie. In losing Charlie, IAAP has lost its most well-known member whose scientific reputation was legendary in his own lifetime. He will be remembered personally with the deepest affection. At this time all our condolences and sympathies lie with Carol and family. –Mike Knowles

Charlie was a world-renowned clinical psychologist. His method of measuring state and trait anxiety has been translated into 58 languages. He was in charge of clinical training at Duke University (1955–62), Vanderbilt (1963–66), and the University of South Florida where he was Distinguished Professor of Psychology until his retirement. Charlie was more hard-working than any person I ever met. He had more than 400 publications on a wide range of topics, such as the control of anger, curiosity, depression, and more generally, behavioral medicine and health psychology. I first met him as a member of the Board of the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP). I was one of those who pushed for him to become President of IAAP, because I felt that IAAP was viewed as an international industrial and organizational psychology association and needed to become much broader. Indeed IAAP has now embraced most of applied psychology. Charlie had unbelievable skills in cross-cultural personal relationships. He was an excellent diplomat, who smoothed many difficult interpersonal situations. He was in his element in embassies, talking to all participants. He seemed to know everybody who was anybody in psychology. Charlie did much to make IAAP broader, including the editing of the three volumes Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. As a colleague and friend, he talked me into writing the Foreword for his book on Stress and Emotion. He was President of the American Psychological Association, and we served together on a committee of the National Academy of Sciences that dealt with international psychology. In all these activities he was a model professional, hard-working and creative, with a broad vision. Applied psychology will miss him. –Harry C. Triandis I knew Charlie very well. We were both Presidents Harry and Charlie at a dinner for the international of APA, and attended the broom closet dinners (for working committee for the XXV ICAP (Photo courtesy Past-Presidents) with our spouses. We also served of Elizabeth Nair) on the national council of Psi Chi, the international psychology honor society. We worked together and followed each other as national president. We were 7

apnl_v25_i3.indd 7 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM also both active in the International Council of Psychologists. I remember 6 of us, including Charlie and me, going for tea in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where we all shared a 6 pound lobster! In addition to these more formal activities, we shared many dinners together with our spouses. Charlie was a good friend and someone I could always count on for advice or help when necessary. –Florence L. Denmark

Charlie was a giant in the field of psychology. His psychology footprint with his seminal work on State-Trait Anxiety measurement was global. His generous spirit in sharing his experience and his copyrighted psychology instruments with students and researchers is widely acknowledged and appreciated in many Asian countries. Machiko Fukuhara, IAAP BOD member during Charlie’s term of office as IAAP President, speaks with great warmth of the experience of working with Charlie to establish country norms in Japan for the STAI.

Charlie opening the Singapore ICAP in 2002 when he Charlie, Elizabeth Nair, and Shih Choon Fong was President of IAAP

I had the wonderful experience of working closely with Charlie in developing and implementing the administration and scientific program leadership work for the XXV ICAP, as Organizing Chair and Scientific Program co-Chair. Charlie was always there on the e-mail, with advice, suggestions – all of which were positive, constructive, innovative and creative. Thus it was that the Singapore Psychological Society, with a strength of about forty Full Members then, was able to harness the collaborative combined scientific brilliance and expertise in international psychology to present a state-of-the-art scientific program for the XXV ICAP.

8

apnl_v25_i3.indd 8 8/23/2013 3:41:14 PM Charlie congratulating Elizabeth on the success of the XXV ICAP with Education Minister Teo Chee Hean observing

I will remember Charlie and miss his warm, generous-spirited personal presence at international psychology Congresses, or at the annual APA Congresses, where I invariably would meet him. He was a beloved coach and mentor, big in professional achievement, warm and approachable in person. Charlie is irreplaceable in the very important professional development role he played in my life. –Elizabeth Nair

Division News

Division 1—Work and Organizational Psychology Division 1 members were active in organizing and participating in the Alliance for Organizational Psychology (AOP) events during SIOP and EAWOP conferences; special sessions and open meetings highlighted the work of the Alliance for Organizational Psychology: new and fascinating research and practical experiences, discussions on the influences that policies and practices have on the quality of work life and the effectiveness of individuals and organizations. At the 28th Annual Conference of SIOP in Houston April 11–13 2013, Division 1 members participated in: A Panel on Differences in Worldwide Selection Practices and International Selection Standards – a discussion organized by Rosalind Searle, Coventry Business School, BOP DOP International Strategy Chair, UK (facilitator). Panelists included David Bartram, SHL Group Ltd, UK, Nancy Tippins, CEB Valtera Corporation, USA, and others. 9

apnl_v25_i3.indd 9 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM International Panel on Disability and Employment – a panel discussion organized by Adrienne Colella, with panelists Stephan Boehm, University of St. Gallens, Switzerland, Alison Konrad, University of Western Ontario, Canada, Mukta Kulkarni, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India, and Lisa Nishii, Cornell University, USA.

Research Incubator on Happiness and Subjective Well Being – an interactive meeting intended to form small groups interested in pursuing research and practice about this critical topic for individuals and societies alike. It was organized by Berrin Erdogan and included Arnold Bakker, Wilmar Schaufeli, John Kammeyer-Mueller, José Maria Peiró, and Mo Wang.

Some additional program events of special interest were:

A Cross-Cultural Work Design Research Incubator. Anyone interested in participating in research on cross-cultural work design was encouraged to attend. The intent was to develop research connections among scholars who are interested in addressing pressing work design questions from a cross-cultural perspective.

Nurturing Local Communities of Applied Psychologists was a conversation hour/ roundtable organized by Alison Eyring, with Alex Alonso, Ros Searle, and Milt Hakel as panelists and regional facilitators.

Alliance Open Meeting was an occasion to discuss the current issues from the perspective of international interest and global views.

At the 16th EAWOP Congress in Münster, May 22–25, Division 1 members took part in the following events organized by AOP:

Symposium on Comprehensive Work Design Analysis – Insights from Around the Globe, chaired by Sebastian Stegmann, with presentations by Frederick P. Morgeson and Adela S. Garza; Sara Zaniboni, Donald M. Truxillo, and Franco Fraccaroli; Jaime Andrés Bayona, Amparo Caballer, and José María Peiró; and Sebastian Stegmann and Sebastian Schuh.

Cross-Cultural Work Design Research Incubator. Anyone who was interested in participating in research on cross-cultural work design was encouraged to attend. The intent was to develop research connections among scholars who are interested in addressing pressing work design questions from a cross-cultural perspective.

Panel on Getting a Seat at the Table: Strategic Communication and I-O Psychology was a discussion chaired by Barbara Kożusznik and Richard Griffith, with panelists Hennie Kriek, Ute Schmidt-Brasse, Angela Carter, Fernanda Afonso, and Mare Teichmann on the communication and mutual understanding between I/O psychologists and executives, policy makers and global leaders.

The symposium Women at the Top: New Insights and Controversies from Europe was chaired by Rosalind Searle, with presentations by Susan Vinnicombe, Morten Huse, and Katja Rost, and with Deanne Den Hartog as discussant.

Alliance Open Meeting. Chaired by Frederik Anseel on the Alliance and its steady progress in becoming a federation for work, industrial, and organizational psychologists around the world.

–Barbara Kożusznik, Secretary, Division 1 10

apnl_v25_i3.indd 10 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM 2012/2013 Division 1 Annual Report

Between the years 2008 and 2012, on behalf of the Executive Committee of Division 1, two surveys were sent to all Division 1 members. All of the respondents reported these as the fundamental tasks of Division 1: To increase communication among members, get more participation from under- represented countries, become better recognized as work and organizational psychologists, as well as acquire a more global name. W&O psychologists described their successes in different “languages” (i.e. something you can measure or something you can feel) and noticed that the broad public is not well-informed about W&O contributions that combine the use of strong evidence data with the use of common and communicative language. 2012/2013 Activities 1. Ambassadors idea 2. Third Ukrainian-Polish Meeting 3. WOP Correspondent Competition 4. One member–one activity–one success. Promotion of Division 1 and W&O psychologists.

1. AMBASSADORS IDEA In order to learn more about possible solutions, to work on the problems, and to achieve the tasks of W&O psychology mentioned above, the Third Survey was conducted as a part of Division 1’s activities. The aim of the initiative was to expand the W&O psychology profession and to investigate the nature of IAAP’s Division 1 membership. Reflecting on the past, it was interesting to see how things have changed in Division 1 for the structure of the W&O psychology discipline and professional needs among the members from different parts of the world. The Third Survey was composed of two phases: the results of the first phase of the demographic analysis called “Research” and the second phase called “Action” which followed the results of the first phase. Research issues involved three main questions: 1. What is the structure of membership? 2. What are the main affiliations and other division choices? 3. Is country representation even and equal? The answers to these questions obtained as a result of the survey inspired the design of future initiatives in order to meet the needs and expectations of Division 1’s members in a modern and more satisfying way. As a result of the Third survey the following steps were taken: 1. A mailing distribution with a Welcome Letter (below) to improve the communication among Division 1 members. A Welcome Letter was sent to all of them (especially those in under- represented countries). Through the letter they were asked to submit relevant information about W&O psychology in their respective countries. 2. A plan to upgrade the Division 1 webpage section dedicated to “W&O psychology around the world” was developed. Along with the Welcome Letter the members were also invited to be the W&O psychology ambassadors of their country and to share comments on W&O psychology conditions in their country. 11

apnl_v25_i3.indd 11 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM 3. A plan to initiate and develop W&O psychologists’ networks was created to support and advance the science and practice of organizational psychology in the global world and to expand its scope of application and contribution to local societies in order to improve the quality of working life. 4. A new survey was initially developed to allow comparisons of information regarding work and organizational psychologists around the world. This initiative involves giving special attention to collecting data on academics’ and practitioners’ common interests. In relation to the above, creating partnership relations among the Division 1 members is the most important goal in both the initiatives done in 2012 and in the future. We provide our members with a responsive, competent, and an excellent platform to exchange both practical and academic knowledge in the area of Work and Organizational Psychology. As a part of IAAP our passion is to inspire people to act. Welcome Letter to Division 1 members Dear Member of Division 1—Work and Organizational Psychology—of the International Association of Applied Psychology, On behalf of Division1’s Executive Committee, we’d like to take this opportunity to welcome you as a member of our Association. We are thrilled to have you with us. We take pride in offering our members a responsive, competent, and an excellent platform to exchange both practical and academic knowledge in the area of Work and Organizational Psychology. Our mission is to support and advance the science and practice of organizational psychology in the global world and to expand its scope of applications and contributions to society in order to improve the quality of working life. Our members are the most important part of this initiative, and we are working tirelessly to ensure your complete satisfaction with being one of us now and as long as you are a member of Division 1. We are happy to inform you that we are planning to upgrade the “WOP around the world’’ section of our website. We encourage you to send us information about Work and Organizational Psychology in your country including information as to WOP’s historical background, trends in research, trends in training, legal regulations of the WOP profession, challenges to our profession, significant national associations and a general view of WOP’s condition in your country. We want you to be the WOP ambassador/visiting card for Division 1 in your country. Thank you again for entrusting IAAP Division 1 with your professional needs. We are honoured that you are among our members. Yours faithfully, EC of Division 1

2. THIRD POLISH-UKRAINIAN WORKSHOP ‘INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ORGANIZATIONAL AND WORK PSYCHOLOGY IN POLAND AND UKRAINE’ The third Polish-Ukrainian workshop “Innovative Trends in Organizational and Work Psychology in Poland and Ukraine” was held on September, 4, 2012 in Katowice, Poland. 12

apnl_v25_i3.indd 12 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM This workshop was organized jointly by the University of Silesia (Katowice, Poland), the School of Management (Katowice, Poland), the Polish Association of Organizational Psychology, the Laboratory of Organizational Psychology of the Institute of Psychology (Kyiv, Ukraine) and the Ukrainian Association of Work and Organizational Psychologists (UAWOP). The Ukrainian part was presented by 10 members of UAWOP (researchers and Ph.D. students): Liudmyla Karamushka, Head, Laboratory of Organizational Psychology of the Institute of Psychology, President of UAOWP; Dr. Prof. Elena Bondarchuk, Head, Dept. of the Psychology of Management, University of Educational Management; Dr., Prof. Oksana Kredentser, Ph.D.; Kira Tereshchenko, Ph.D.; Valentina Lahodzinska, Ph.D.; Irina Abdullayeva, Ph.D. student; Kateryna Okhotnytska, Ph.D. student; Sergiy Okhotnytskyi, Ph.D. student; Igor Rymarenko, Ph.D. student; and Yaroslava Goncharenko, Ph.D. student. The workshop was attended by 12 Polish participants, including: Prof. Barbara Kożusznik, Ph.D. Director of the School of Management, University of Silesia, head, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Prof. Elżbieta Turska, Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Jaroslav Polak, Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Anita Pollak, Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Marta Stasiła-Sieradzka Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Malgorzata Dobrowolska Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Malgorzata Chrupala-Pniak, Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Barbara Smorczewska Ph.D., researcher-lecturer, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Katarzyna Wiecek-Jakubek, Ph.D. student, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Mgr. Michal Brol, Ph.D. student, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Mgr. Dawid Stanik, Ph.D. student, Dept. of Organizational and Work Psychology, University of Silesia; Mgr. Lukasz Lapinski, Ph.D. student, Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia and others. The workshop started with the participants’ introducing themselves and telling briefly about their research work, key findings and achievements. The next part of the workshop included presentations on the development of Organizational and Work Psychology in Poland and the Ukraine. In particular, the presentation by Dr., Prof. Barbara Kożusznik was devoted to the areas of Organizational and Work Psychology in Poland. The speaker stressed the need for practical implementation of research findings, development of training courses, and strengthening the ties between science and practice in training students at the School of Management. The report of Dr., Prof. Liudmyla Karamushka covered the main stages of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the area of Organizational and Work Psychology. She described the how the participants had done since the first meeting, the joint achievements and the prospects for further cooperation. The presentation of Yaroslav Polak, Ph.D. shed light on the issues of organizational values and team development. The report of Michal Brol, Ph.D. was devoted to the problem of education in the area of Organizational and Work Psychology. Then Liudmyla Karamushka and Oksana Kredentser presented the book of workshop abstracts “Innovative Trends in Organizational and Work Psychology in Poland and Ukraine”. The book presentation and group discussion of the main trends in Organizational and Work Psychology and achievements in this field accomplished by Ukrainian and Polish psychologists 13

apnl_v25_i3.indd 13 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM was followed by work in small groups divided into three areas of interest: Professional career, Groups and teams, and Ethics and values. The participants of the Professional Career group discussed the main problems encountered in researching professional careers in Poland and Ukraine. The Polish colleagues presented the Center for Students’ Career Development organized in Silesia University whose work was interesting and fruitful. The Ukrainian psychologists talked about the distinctive features of studying for professional careers in the Ukraine (career orientations of school children, students, soldiers, managers etc; career orientation and development trainings held in institutions of higher education, etc.). The participants agreed to conduct relevant cross-cultural studies on the samples of Polish and Ukrainian students using the set of instruments developed by the Polish researchers. The main purpose of the Groups and teams group was to identify the main factors that improve group- and team-work effectiveness. The discussers determined the following general factors of group- and team-work effectiveness: socio-economic conditions in which organizations work, types of organizations, organizational climate and culture, leadership styles (management, authority), employees’ work (money) attitudes, gender, etc. The participants confirmed the importance of sharing experiences among the colleagues and doing research using the available tools. The work of the Ethics and values group covered the ethical aspects of organizations’ work. It was agreed that in their pursuit of commercial success, business organizations often breach ethical norms in interacting with customers. The participants discussed the findings of their research on work motivation, spiritual values, employees’ attitudes toward customers and tolerance in organizations of different types (educational, commercial, etc.). The participants agreed that ethical behaviors could be effectively promoted through employees’ psychological training. The workshop ended with the participants drawing conclusions about the work of the small groups. The participants expressed their joy with the meeting and the possibility of sharing professional experiences. The Polish and Ukrainian researchers enthusiastically agreed to hold such seminars and exchange research information on a regular basis. As an outcome, the participants decided to make an agreement about cooperation between the Ukrainian Association of Work and Organizational Psychologists and the Polish Association of Organizational Psychology and to hold another Ukrainian-Polish seminar in 2014. The workshop was crowned with a friendly dinner that took place at The White Stork restaurant. The colleagues had a good chance for informal talks and contacts. The results of the seminar are highlighted in the book Innovative Trends in Organizational and Work Psychology in Poland and Ukraine (Polish-Ukrainian seminar (September, 4, 2012, Katowice, Poland): Book of abstracts. Editors: Lyudmila Karamushka, Barbara Kożusznik. – Kyiv-Katowice: 2012. The e-version of the book is available at www.uaoppp.com.ua and www.pspo.org.

3. WOP CORRESPONDENT COMPETITION The biggest concern of Division 1 members is to be well recognized among other psychologists and other disciplines. That’s why we started few activities to foster this goal. First of all, we have sent an invitation to our members to become our correspondents by presenting WOP activities. Several people signed up to participate in the project – Members of Division 1 14

apnl_v25_i3.indd 14 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM from around the world. Using virtual media (Skype) we have invited them to an active discussion, and in the meantime we decided to announce the contest “WOP Correspondent Competition”.

Overview On behalf of Division 1’s Executive Committee we’d like to take this opportunity to welcome you as a member of our Association. We are thrilled to have you with us in Division 1, and we pride ourselves on offering our members responsive, competent, and an excellent platform to exchange both practical and academic knowledge in the area of Work and Organizational Psychology. Our mission is to support and advance the science and practice of organizational psychology in the global world, and to expand its scope of application and contribution to society in order to improve the quality of working life. Our members are the most important part of this initiative, and we are working tirelessly to ensure your complete satisfaction with being one of us, now and as long as you are a member of Division 1.

Objective We are happy to inform you that we are planning to upgrade the ‘‘WOP around the world’’ section of our IAAP webpage to enrich information about Work and Organizational Psychology all around the world.

Method We encourage you to send us information about Work and Organizational Psychology in your country including information about WOP historical background, trends in research, trends in training, legal regulations of the WOP profession, challenges for our profession, significant national associations and a general view of the WOP condition in your country.

Result As a result, after reviewing all of the materials sent by Division 1 members, the Award Committee will nominate WOP Honorary Correspondents for Division 1 in different countries. The rest of materials will be put on our website in the section “WOP around the world”.

4. ONE MEMBER – ONE ACTIVITY – ONE SUCCESS “Success is simple. Do what’s right, the right way, at the right time.” (Arnold H. Glasgow)

Aim of the event: the best promotion of WOP Competition

Overview With the help of our Surveys we wanted to identify members’ needs as far as IAAP and Division 1 activities were concerned and to know our members’ interests in the field of organizational psychology. The most important thing for Division 1 members is to be better recognized among other professionals as specialists with an extensive set of competencies in the field of work and organizational psychology and to use IAAP as the most important international voice they have – to create and then to sell our image and gain more publicity for good research and successful consultancy assignments. 15

apnl_v25_i3.indd 15 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM Objective To undertake some special tasks and activities by IAAP Division 1 members, and with the help of the Division 1 Committee, to be better recognized in a wide society, among professionals, entrepreneurs, students etc. The objective is that each Division 1 member undertake one activity to promote WOP work, possibilities and offers to be more widely understood by work and society. The added value of the project will be creating networking WOP communities concentrated on developing WOP identity awareness.

Method Each Division 1 member selects one proposition from the list of possible activities or invents one activity by themselves. Proposals of activities /to be completed/: Conventional ones: – organizing meetings with groups of students, workers, managers or entrepreneurs to present WOP special contributions to people and their work; – presenting WOP on public media (TV, radio, in the paper) e.g., organizing projects with the help of friends working in mass-media; – preparing materials /brochures/ about WOP and offering these during conferences etc. Unconventional ones: – organizing a flash-mob with the use of the Internet. For example, a group of WOPs could have a meeting in the central part of a town or city and shout “WOPs are the best” etc.; – having an exhibition of photos presenting the most well-known WOP contributions; – making a video and presenting it to students or local TV audiences; – organizing poster and/or graphics exhibitions dedicated to WOP achievements directed to students; – promoting the discipline with the use of social media activities e.g. Facebook and other social networking sites; – crowdsourcing – voluntary undertaking of a self-designed task connected with promoting WOP; – presenting WOP on a billboard.

Results As a result we can expect that the Division 1 EC will receive several descriptions of real activities about how to be better recognized for our special work as well as how to create deeper engagement of our members in the process of promoting WOP’s ideas.

The Division 1 Award Committee will decide who the winner is! Awards are: – a recommendation for the member who wants to undertake one activity signed by the Division 1 President; – presentation of the best ideas during the ICAP in Paris 2014; – a letter of recognition from the President; – distribution of an e-mail which will inform members about our new idea. –Barbara Kożusznik, Secretary, Division 1 16

apnl_v25_i3.indd 16 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM Division 2—Psychological Assessment and Evaluation Psychological Testing in the Ukraine: Peculiarities, Goals and Perspectives In order to understand the situation on psychological testing in the Ukraine clearly, it is important to take into account the history of Ukrainian psycho-diagnostics. Before the Russian Revolution of 1917 in Russia (Ukraine was a part of Russia at that time) all existing worldwide tests were well-known and original tests were being developed. For example, there was a famous test called “Psychological Profiles” created by G. Rossolimo (Rossolimo, 1909). During the Soviet period of Ukrainian history, especially in the 1920–30s, testing in an educational, organizational and counseling context was very common. Foreign tests were translated, new instruments were developed and scientific research on testing was conducted. Nevertheless, in 1936 testing was criticized and considered by the government as a practice based upon unscientific and “bourgeois” ideas. Subsequently, a lot of scientific institutions and laboratories were liquidated. For a long period of time testing was abandoned in the USSR. In the late 1960s and the early 1970s the government officially acknowledged the need for test development in the USSR. However, academic psychology kept treating testing neutrally or even negatively. Despite that, testing was used in psychological assessment practice. At that time testing was used above all in clinical settings. A long-term rejection of psychological testing had a very bad influence on the further development of Soviet psycho-diagnostics. Thus, in the 1980s only a small part of Soviet psychologists were familiar with concepts of test validity and reliability and procedures for their evaluation. A lot of invalid and unreliable tests were developed, and various foreign tests were translated and published without any copyright. In the late 1980s the situation changed slightly for the better – even though so called quasi-tests were being published, certain monographs and manuals about the history of psycho-diagnostic, psychometric properties and development of tests were issued. After the disintegration of the USSR in the early 1990s and over the following 21 years the situation on testing in the Ukraine has not changed fundamentally. Ukrainian psycho-diagnostics remain almost the same. Test users are offered the famous foreign tests, sold without any rights to their replication and sale. This not only infringes upon the interests of the authors, but also disables an author’s ability to supervise a test adaptation. This leads to mistakes and confusion. In addition, most of the tests sold in the Ukraine are outdated, and education in the field of psychological testing is taught by professors who do not have sufficient qualifications for this activity. The use of so-called quasi-tests does not only undermine the authority of psychology as a science, but it may also mentally damage a person taking a test and negatively influence his or her further life. Finally, a professional nihilism towards test efficacy is formed. It is a consequence of the absence of control of testing practices. Besides, the current situation complicates the integration process of Ukrainian psychology into the international scientific community. To change the current situation it is important to create a testing infrastructure, which requires the implementation of certification of tests and test users as well as the emergence of test publishers who take full responsibility for their products and act in accordance with the copyright laws. Definitely, this infrastructure must contain a specialized post-graduate education system in the field of psychological testing which is necessary for professional test usage. Currently there are no specific resolutions and authorizations concerning test standardization and respect for test authors’ rights as well as certification of test users. Nonetheless, a big contribution 17

apnl_v25_i3.indd 17 8/23/2013 3:41:15 PM to the development of psychological testing in the Ukraine has been made by Prof. Dr. Leonid Burlachuk, the author of numerous publications in the field of psycho-diagnostics and the first handbook on psychological testing. He works in the field of psychological testing, and in 2008, he founded the first Ukrainian test publisher, OS Ukraine, in cooperation with the Italian test publisher Giunti O.S. The first psycho-diagnostic instruments, which meet international requirements, are now emerging in the Ukraine. All details can be found on the website of OS Ukraine: www. osukraine.com.

Acknowledgement: I wish to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Leonid Burlachuk for his assistance and provision of the materials essential for the preparation of this article.

References

– Khrystyna Rakhubovska Ukraine

IAAP Division 2: Psychological Assessment and Evaluation President’s 2013 Annual Report President: Tom Oakland, USA Past-President: Dave Bartram, England President-Elect: Jacques Gregoire, Belgium

The main tasks for the Division during this year have been:

• To develop programs for the 2014 ICAP • To create a track for the submission of presenters for the 2014 ICAP • To nominate seven world class scholars to present keynote addresses at the 2014 ICAP • To serve as IAAP’s liaison to the 2014 ARTS Committee • To continue providing a flow of articles to the IAAP Bulletin • To support the work of the International Test Commission through our liaison arrangements • To begin to identify people for future executive leadership positions

Our executive committee views the forthcoming ICAP as an opportunity to promote issues important to psychological assessment and evaluation by engaging others. To that end, we have worked with Prof. Christine Roland-Lévy to create a track designated to the International Test 18

apnl_v25_i3.indd 18 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM Commission that facilitates the flow of recommended individual papers, symposia, and keynote presenters. We will continue these efforts up to the conference submission deadline. I also have written to all Division 2 members to encourage them to submit programs for the ICAP and to encourage those who have not renewed their membership to do so. Jacques Gregoire and I continue to provide visibility for our Division by submitting articles for each issue of the Newsletter about assessment practices in different countries.

The 2014 ARTS will mark the fourth ARTS at which I have represented IAAP. IAAP has appointed Richard Griffith to assume responsibility as IAAP’s representative for the 2018 ARTS. He will shadow my work for the 2014 ARTS.

On a more personal note, I have had the pleasure of working in the following countries during 2012–2013, teaching, presenting workshops, and consulting with our colleagues who provide leadership at national and regional levels on issues germane to our Division: Botswana, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Macau, the Netherlands, Peoples’ Republic of China, Philippines, Sweden, South Africa, and Thailand.

Our work on the International Test Commission continues to focus on the development of guidelines that impact assessment and evaluation—issues central to our IAAP Division. Draft guidelines have been prepared on the following issues: (1) use of test revisions, obsolete tests and test disposal in the context of high stakes individual clinical diagnosis and decision-making, (2) the clinical assessment of immigrants and second-language learners and (3) test security. New guidelines on score analysis and reporting have been published recently in addition to the existing guidelines on test use, test adaptation and computer-based testing,

We look forward to working with IAAP’s executive committee.

Thomas Oakland, Division 2 President

Division 4—Environmental Psychology Conferences International Congress of Applied Psychology From 8 to 13 July 2014, the 28th International Congress of Applied Psychology will be held in Paris, France. The Environmental Psychology Division will be represented at this conference. One of the topics of the conference is ‘Environmental Psychology/ Sustainable Development’.

For more information on the conference see: http://www.icap2014.com/

International Association of People-Environment Studies (IAPS) International Network Symposium

The IAPS International Network Symposium 2013 ‘Sustainable environments in a changing global context: Identifying opportunities for innovative spaces and practices in contexts of crisis’ was held on 25–28 June 2013 in A Coruña (Spain). Ricardo Garcia Mira from the University of Corunna was the general chair of this conference.

For more information, visit the conference website: www.iaps2013symposium.org 19

apnl_v25_i3.indd 19 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM Environmental Psychology Conference The 10th Biennial conference on Environmental Psychology was held from 22–25 September 2013 in Magdeburg, Germany. The conference aimed to bring together people from all over the world interested in the field of environmental psychology to meet, share experiences, present research, and discuss ideas with regard to the state of the art in environment and behavior research. Many active IAAP members participated in the conference and organized symposia. For exam­ ple, Carol Werner organized the symposium Some members of the organizing committee: ‘Chall­enges to Effecting Long-Term Changes in Ricardo García-Mira, Mely Fraga, Miguel Garcia and Adina Dumitru Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Possibilities in Supportive Social Norms, Internalized Values and Supportive Physical Environments’. It included papers by Wokje Abrahamse, Linda Steg, Wesley Schultz, Diana Woelki, Florian Kaiser, Anne Marike Lokhorst, and Susan Clayton. Patrick Devine- Wirght, Emma ter Mors, Vivianne Visschers, Marko Milovanović, and Goda Perlaviciute presented their work in a symposium on ‘Public acceptability of energy alternatives’. A symposium of the Virtual Community on Sustainability and Consumption included the presenters: Alice Grønhøj, Muriel Verain, Chad Baum, Danny Taufik and Leonie Venhoeven. Ernst Noppers, Marija Bockarjova, Uta Schneider and Wander Jager presented their research in the symposium titled: ‘How does user acceptance of electric vehicles develop over time?’. Furthermore, a symposium on ‘Identity and environmental beliefs and behaviour’ included the presenters: Dimitri Xenias, Cobus van der Poel, Geertje Schuitema, Birgitta Gatersleben, and Ellen van der Werff. See http://www.envpsycon.ovgu.de/EnvPsyCon.html for more information.

Finished PhD thesis “Please Don’t Stop the Music . . .”: The Influence of Music and Radio on Cognitive Processes, Arousal and Driving Performance On June 10th, Ayça Berfu Ünal successfully defended her PhD thesis “Please Don’t Stop the Music . . .”: The Influence of Music and Radio on Cognitive Processes, Arousal and Driving Performance at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. A short summary: The majority of drivers turn on the car-audio to listen to music or the radio, and they do so habitually and without even thinking about it (Dibben & Williamson, 2007; North, Hargreaves, & Hargreaves, 2004). In the current thesis, we investigated how and to what extent music and radio- listening influences driving performance. Overall the results of the present research showed that the influence of music or the radio on driving performance is very limited. However, the reason why music hardly inhibits driving performance depends very much on the task characteristics. Specifically, the processes through which music affects driving performance seem to depend on the complexity of traffic and therefore on the demands induced by the driving task. Inhigh- complexity traffic settings, drivers have been found to use compensatory strategies suchas regulation of mental effort and attentional resources. As a result of such strategies, the driving task was prioritized over the secondary tasks of music and radio-listening, and driving performance 20

apnl_v25_i3.indd 20 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM was secured. In very low-complexity traffic settings, music appeared to influence driving performance through a different process: by increasing arousal closer to optimal. Therefore, music or the radio provided drivers with some external stimulation helping them to stay vigilant in very low complexity traffic settings. Moreover, we found that some aspects of driving performance were even improved while listening to music, meaning that both the strategies employed and the processes via which music and radio influences performance have been working well in prioritizing driving safety. The full text is available on http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/357527402 Supervisor: Linda Steg Co-supervisor: Kai Epstude Contact information: [email protected] Berfu Ünal

Annual report, Division 4–Environmental Psychology 2012–2013

1. We organised several sessions at the 10th Biennial Conference on Environmental Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany, September 22–25 2013. 2. We selected keynote speakers and invited symposia for the 28th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, July 8–13 2014. 3. We introduced the best paper award of Division 4 ‘Environmental Psychology’, to be awarded to PhD students who published a paper in an international journal. The criteria are the following: (1) the (first) author must be a PhD student, (2) only those who did not yet obtain their PhDs on August 1st in the year the award is given may submit, and (3) the paper must be published in a peer reviewed journal. A selection commission will evaluate the paper on scientific as well as practical importance. The winner will receive an official certificate and a free membership to IAAP for one year, including all the associated benefits of this membership. In 2011, the IAAP Best Student Paper Committee had the following members: Peter Jacobsson (University of Gothenburg, Sweden), Christine Kormos (University of Victoria, Canada), and Ellen van der Werff (University of Groningen, the Netherlands). The 2011 award was won by Helena Jahncke from the University of Gävle, Sweden, with her paper ‘Open- plan office noise: Cognitive performance and restoration’. She wrote the paper together with Staffan Hygge, Niklas Halin, Anne Marie Green and Kenth Dimberg. The paper was published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology. 4. The second summer school on theories in Environmental Psychology was held July 2–6 2012. This time, the summer school was called STEEP 2012: the summer school on Theories in Environmental and Economic Psychology (STEEP, and was held at Aarhus University in Denmark (see http://badm.au.dk/research/research-groups/sustainability-and-consumption/ events/latest/steep-summer-school-2012/). Fifty Ph.D. students in the field of environmental and economic psychology from all over the world (from Venezuela to New Zealand and from the U.S. to Romania) came to Denmark to meet and collaborate with each other and with prominent professors in this field. Participants developed research proposals addressing real- life sustainability problems faced by 5 different organizations in Denmark. They were supervised by ten senior lecturers in the field of Environmental and Economic Psychology, who also gave keynote presentations on their own research: Anders Biel, Marino Bonauito, 21

apnl_v25_i3.indd 21 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM Ellen Matthies, Annika Nordlund, John Thøgersen, Geertje Schuitema, Henk Staats, Linda Steg, Agnes van den Berg, and Bas Verplanken. The results of a week of working together in the workshops were presented in a final session to all the practitioners, participants and lecturers of the summer school. The organizing committee of the STEEP summer school 2012 did an excellent job, as the summer school was a great success, both scientifically and socially. We intend to organise the next summer school in 2014 or 2015. 5. We regularly contributed to the IAAP Bulletin, e.g., to announce relevant conferences and to provide brief conference reports and summaries of recently published Ph.D. theses on environmental psychology. –Linda Steg, President, Division 4

Division 5–Educational, Instructional and School Psychology Annual Report I. The Melbourne ICAP conference included: • State-of-the-Art Address by Peter Nenniger (Univ. of Koblenz-Landou, Germany) and Divisional Invited Addresses by Herbert W. Marsh (Oxford Univ.), Robert Burden (Univ. of Exeter), and Kit-Tai Hau (Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong); • 15 oral presentation sessions; • 17 symposium and panel discussion/forum sessions; and • Divisional business meeting. It was a pleasant surprise to see over 70 participants in our early morning Invited Forum to discuss “The future definition of educational, instructional and school psychology: 2020 and beyond”. The panelists were Robert Burden, Lyn Littlefield, Herbert W. Marsh, Peter Nenniger, and Thomas Oakland. II. Division Website Division 5 originally had its own domain name and website. After the new President and President- Elect took office, we took a bit of time taking over the control of the website from the original website master (at a university). We had revamped the website a bit but found that the Association has started to build a uniform website platform. So, we have now shifted to using the Association website. The benefit is that it is under the Association platform. The disadvantage is that we have less control of its access because all work has to be done through the Association webmaster. III. Membership by Country Total (i) 158 as of Dec, 2012, (ii) 109 as of Jan 2013 (based on Dec 2012 figures)

Country % Country % Country % Australia 25% Germany 4% Malaysia 3% USA 16% Argentina 3% Spain 3% Japan 6% Hong Kong (China) 3% Canada 2% England 4% Indonesia 3% Nigeria 2% France 4%

22

apnl_v25_i3.indd 22 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM Members also come from: Austria, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, China, Croatia, Finland, Greece, India, Italy, Latvia, Macau, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Uruguay.

IV. Membership by Category

Membership Type Number of Members Percentage (%) 4 Year Ordinary Member 26 24 4 Year Subsidized Member 3 3 Ordinary Member 55 50 Reduced Member 7 6 Student Member 6 6 Action 100 Member 6 6 SIOP Member 3 3 Subsidized member 3 3 Total 109 100

Membership Status Number of Members Percentage (%) Old member 101 93 New member 8 7

V. Newsletter articles through the Association and emails for members have been distributed on:

• related conferences and meetings (in different parts of the world) • related resources materials (e.g., in What Works Clearinghouse) • fellowships and grants that may of interest to members

VI. Future Work on the Division Website We are exploring making more connections with our divisional members through our division website, possibly including content on:

• General Forum: hosted by the webmaster • Publications: members writing and submitting a couple of sentences on their latest journal article. That should boost their citations (call it “Member Research in Brief ”) • Conferences: list any and all school, educational and instructional psych research conferences • Funding/Grants: announce any international funding opportunities • Reports: latest organisation reports (e.g., PISA, TIMSS) • ‘What Works’: good Clearinghouse sites that integrate or review major educational issues • Job/Vacancy: advertise any positions in members’ universities or organisations • Research Collaboration: member’s invitation to international/cross-cultural collaboration in projects/data collection

–Kit-Tai Hau, President, Division 5 –Andrew Martin, President-Elect, Division 5 23

apnl_v25_i3.indd 23 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM Division 6—Clinical and Community Psychology Long-term levels of anxiety and depression in victims of terrorist attacks in Spain

In recent years, terrorism has become one of the most severe and alarming problems worldwide. According to data from the National Counter­ terrorism Center of the United States, in the four years before two thousand nine (2005–2008), nearly thirteen thousand terrorist attacks occurred. On average these attacks killed over eighteen thousand people, injured more than thirty-five thousand and took as hostages a little more than fifteen thousand people each year. During this period most of the terrorist attacks were con­ centrated in the Near East and South Asia, but the plague of terrorism affects all regions of the world to a greater or lesser degree. People affected by a terrorist attack typically experience a traumatic situation involving extreme personal danger and personal losses (plans, professions, hopes and dreams) that work together to produce personal crises and their attendant symptoms. The symptoms are part of an adaptive response which affect how people think, feel and act. Common reactions include, for example: hyper-activation, intrusive thoughts, a constant questioning “why?”, avoidance responses, profound sadness and the challenging of their most basic beliefs. While, as we know, all of these reactions are a part of the recovery process, when the intensity, duration, frequency, severity, degree of suffering and interference become overwhelming, then we are talking about mental disorders.

Only within the last fifteen years has systematic research on either the consequences of terrorist attacks or their treatment been carried out, and it has grown rapidly and fruitfully, expanding the scientific literature on traumatic events in general. At the beginning of this century much of our knowledge of the psychopathological consequences of traumatic events came from studies of events such as war, violent crime and natural disasters.

In fact, the September 11th, 2001 attacks in New York and Washington DC marked an inflection point in research on the psychopathological repercussions of terrorist att­ acks, with a spectacular increase in the scientific publications on the topic.

Thanks to this research, we now have enough studies of mental health problems derived from terrorism to permit meta-analyses (DiMaggio & Galea, 2006; DiMaggio, Galea, & Li, 2009). However, despite these advances, nearly all previous research has focused on psychopatho­ logical consequences of terrorist attacks in the short term (1 to 3 months after the attacks) or in the medium term (6 to 9 months or 1 year after the attacks). The true magnitude of such as consequences in the long term (>1 year) is still unknown, including at very long time periods (15, 25 years, or more). 24

apnl_v25_i3.indd 24 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM But the knowledge of long-term psychopathological consequences is necessary:

(1) First, to plan the appropriate psychological follow-up and care of terrorism victims. (2) Second, to gain insight into understanding the cumulative risk models of depression or anxiety that highlight the ongoing interaction between prior stress exposure (e.g., a terrorist attack) and subsequent life events. (3) And third, to gain insight into understanding the hypothesis about delayed onset psy­ chopathology (e. g., delayed onset PTSD), that is, the idea that in some individuals, the apparent adverse consequences of the stress exposure lie dormant for a long period of time before some subsequent adversity leads to its manifestation.

Consequently, one of our research team studies was aimed at examining long-term levels of anxiety and depression in victims of terrorist attacks comparing them to those in the general population.

For this study, we invited terrorism victims from the Association of Victims of Terrorism (AVT) of Spain to participate. AVT assisted in obtaining a volunteer sample made up of 321 adults. There were three types of terrorism victims in this sample. There were persons who had been injured in a terrorist attack; there were also direct relatives (parents, spouses or children) of someone who had died in a terrorist attack. Finally, there were also direct relatives of someone who had been injured in a terrorist attack. On average, the terrorist attacks had occurred about 25 years ago.

We compared this sample of terrorism victims with two samples of the general population. A group of 470 Spanish adults who had participated voluntarily in the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II); and another group of 348 Spanish adults who had participated in the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

Brief depression and anxiety questionnaires were administered by phone to terrorism victims: We used a brief version of the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition, and we used the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Primary Care which is a brief version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Participants from the Spanish general population samples completed the Beck depression and anxiety inventories in their full item versions. And we selected the responses to the items of the brief versions to compare the scores of the victims with the scores of the general population. With these instruments and these samples we tried to answer three questions:

(1) Is there any relationship between the degree of exposure to the terrorist attacks and long- term levels of anxiety and depression? After controlling for gender, age, time elapsed since the attacks occurred, and presence of physical sequelae, we compared different groups of victims that differed in the degree of exposure to the terrorist attacks and their consequences, that is, injured victims, relatives of dead victims and relatives of injured victims

We found that injured victims had higher levels of depression than relatives of injured victims had. And concerning anxiety levels, we found higher levels in injured victims in comparison to both groups of relatives. 25

apnl_v25_i3.indd 25 8/23/2013 3:41:16 PM (2) Are terrorism victims’ long-term levels of anxiety and depression different from the levels of anxiety and depression of the general population? When we compared the different groups of victims to general population groups we did not find any significant differences. We only found the same differences that I mentioned before: the differences between injured victims and relatives of injured victims (3) Are there more persons with clinically significant levels of anxiety or depression in the population of terrorism victims than in the general population? The percentage of injured victims with moderate or severe levels of depression was almost seventeen percent, while the percentage was nearly ten percent in the general population. In the same line/vein the percentage of injured victims with moderate or severe level of anxiety was almost twenty six percent while the percentage was around nineteen in general population When we carried out statistical analyses to test whether those percentage differences were significant, we found that the difference was significant for anxiety and almost significant for depression. For example, our results revealed that the possibilities of finding a person with moderate or severe levels of anxiety in the population of injured terrorism victims were almost two times higher than in the Spanish general population. In conclusion, in the long-term, that is, after a mean of 25 years since the terrorist attacks occurred, the mean levels of anxiety and depression in terrorism victims are similar to the mean levels in the general population of the same age and gender groups. However, even after so long a time, there is a notable percentage of victims, around 12% to 26%, who show moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety and depression. These victims may need professional help for these emotional symptoms. In fact, the percentage of persons with moderate to severe levels of anxiety found in the population of injured victims is higher than that found in the general population. This result suggests that terrorism attacks have psychopathological consequences at very long-term, duplicating the risk of suffering from clinically significant anxiety even 25 years after terrorist attacks happened. Pictures: Rocío Fausor –Maria Paz Garcia Vera, President-Elect, Division 6

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apnl_v25_i3.indd 26 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Division 7–Applied Geropsychology Annual Report

I am pleased to announce that Professor Constança Paúl has been designated President-Elect of Division 7 for the period 2013–2014, and she will become President following the Paris Congress for the period 2014–2018. She is from the Department of Behaviour Sciences at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto in Portugal. I am very pleased to learn of her appointment, and I look forward to working with her. I’m sure she will do an outstanding job. As Professor Paúl noted, Division 7 can “have a major role in assisting psychologists all over the world to reinforce their role in the aging field by sharing ideas, innovative interventions and research.” The Committee on Ageing at the United Nations plays a very important role in pointing out the needs of older persons. As a former Chair of that Committee, and immediate past Chair, and member of the Executive Committee, I played an important role in the activities of the Ageing Committee, in particular, the International Day of Older Persons (IDOP). The International Day of Older Persons is celebrated around the world on October 1. At the United Nations in New York, the Committee celebrates that day on the nearest Thursday. Rosemary Lane, Senior Social Affairs Officer and UN Focal Point on Ageing talked about the perspectives from the 10-year review of the Madrid International Plan of Action on ageing. The keynote address was given by Dr. Vanda Pignato, First Lady and Secretary for Social Inclusion of El Salvador, and spoke about the case for universal human rights and development convention for older persons from the viewpoint of El Salvador. At this meeting, I gave a message on behalf of the New York NGO Committee on Ageing. A very important concern this year is working on a convention or some other instrument for the human rights of older persons. Those of us on the Committee on Ageing are working very hard to contact missions, and we hope to obtain their support for older persons. There is already a convention on the rights of children, the disabled, and a convention for the elimination of discrimination against women. Even though the world is aging, so far, the member states at the United Nations have not supported, in a direct way, the human rights of older persons. We hope such a change can occur. It has been my pleasure to serve as the President of Division 7, Applied Geropsychology, and I only wish the members of the Division would communicate with me more about their activities. –Florence Denmark, President, Division 7

Division 7 News The IAAP Executive Committee has appointed Constança Paúl as President-Elect of Divison 7– Applied Geropsychology from 2013–2014 and subsequently as President from 2014–2018. Demographic ageing is accelerating and the process and outcomes of ageing have become crucial issues all over the world, mainly in more developed countries. Applied Geropsychology plays a central role in contributing to the well-being of people in the last stages of life, raising knowledge on life span development, health education and prevention, and innovative interventions and services for old people. The aims are to enhance healthy life styles, social participation and physical and social environments for old people, preventing the decline associated with the aging process, and to intervene in mental health problems, namely in depression and dementia. 27

apnl_v25_i3.indd 27 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Geropsychology opens a huge new market for psychologists that we believe can make the difference in improving the quality of life of older people. In order to make things happen we need to have a dynamic Division that encourages Faculties of Psychology to include Geropsychology courses in their curricular offerings, to train professionals in aging issues so they can work in Gerontological settings and to take an active role in defining public policies in national and international forums where decisions about old people’s lives are taken.

Following the WHO electing Active Aging (WHO, 2001) as a main challenge for the XXI century, the European Union is investing in Active and Healthy Aging in the scope of the European Strategy 2020 - European Innovation Partnership (EIP AHA). Countries all over the world are turning decisively toward ageing policies and psychologists have much to say in this field. Being a division of an international body (IAAP) we can have a major role in assisting psychologists all over the world to reinforce their role in the aging field by sharing ideas, innovative interventions and research. We will work to see that Geropsychology has a strong presence in the ICAP Congress in Paris 2014 and will bring aging to the core of psychological debate. We would like to have the opportunity to meet with all the old and new members of this division in Paris to design a plan of action for the next four years to make a solid contribution to the development of Applied Geropsychology as all of us, of all ages, aim to get old, while preserving our quality of life and being active citizens in our families and communities.

Constança Paúl, President-Elect–Division 7

Division 8–Health Psychology Since January 2013, the IAAP Strategic Task Force (Gary Latham, Michael Frese, and Aleksandra Luszczynska) has initiated reviewing IAAP strategies and goals. Following consultations with IAAP members the Task Force will work on a proposal of revised strategies for IAAP (to be presented in 2014). Ralf Schwarzer was a keynote speaker at the International Conference on Positive Psychology in Poland, 2013. On January 1st 2013, Urte Scholz was named Associate Editor of the British Journal of Health Psychology and editorial board member of Health Psychology. Rik Crutzen organized a symposium on online prevention: state of the art and future developments (2013, April 3–4) at the 10th Dutch Congress on Public Health: Passion for Health in Wageningen, the Netherlands. Recent publications of our EC members: Cao, D. S., Schüz, N., Xie, G. R., & Lippke, S. (2013). Planning skills moderate the intention– planning cognitions–behaviour relation: A longitudinal study on physical activity in Chinese adolescents. Research in Sports Medicine: An International Journal, 21(1), 12–23. Crutzen, R., Viechtbauer, W., Kotz, D., & Spigt, M. (in press). No differential attrition was found in randomized controlled trials published in general medical journals: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. Giabbanelli, P.J. & Crutzen, R. (2013). An agent-based social network model of binge drinking among Dutch adults. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 16, 10. Katter, J. K. Q., & Greenglass, E. (2013). The influence of mood on the relation between proactive coping and rehabilitation outcomes. Canadian Journal of Aging, 32 (1), 13–20. 28

apnl_v25_i3.indd 28 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Marjanovic, Z., Struthers, C. W., & Greenglass, E. R. (2012). Big picture issues: Research on helping behavior and victims of natural disasters. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 12, (1), 289–295. Ochsner, S., Scholz, U., & Hornung, R. (2013). Testing phase-specific self-efficacy beliefs in the context of dietary behaviour change. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 5, 99–117. doi:10.1111/j.1758–0854.2012.01079.x Parschau, L., Fleig, L., Koring, M., Lange, D., Knoll, N., Schwarzer, R., & Lippke, S. (2013). Positive experience, self-efficacy, and action control predict physical activity changes: A moderated mediation analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18(2), 395–406. Pomp, S., Fleig, L., Schwarzer, R., & Lippke, S. (2013). Effects of a self-regulation intervention on exercise are moderated by depressive symptoms: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13, 1−8. Scholz, U., Kliegel, M., Luszczynska, A., & Knoll, N. (2012). Associations between received social support and positive and negative affect: Evidence for age differences from a daily diary study. European Journal of Aging, 9, 361–371. doi: 10.1007/s10433–012–0236–6 Schwarzer, R., & Luszczynska, A. (2012). Stressful life events. In I. B. Weiner (Ed.-in-Chief) & A. M. Nezu, C. M. Nezu, & P. A. Geller (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Vol. 9. Health psychology (2nd rev. ed.) (pp. 29–56). New York: Wiley. ISBN: 978–0470891926 Szczepanska, K.W., Scholz, U., Liszewska, N., & Luszczynska, A. (2013). Social and cognitive predictors of fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents: The context of changes in body weight. Journal of Health Psychology, 18, 667–679. 10.1177/1359105312437434 Zaleskiewicz, T., Gasiorowska, A., Kesebir, P., Luszczynska, A., & Pyszczynski, T. (2013). Money and the fear of death: The symbolic power of money as an existential anxiety buffer. Journal of Economic Psychology, 36, 55–67. Doi:10.1016/j.joep.2013.02.008. –Sonia Lippke

Division 9—Economic Psychology Annual Report 1) Officers • Division 9’s President is Erich Kirchler (University of Vienna, Austria), who stepped into office after the IAAP conference in Melbourne, Australia. Tomasz Zaleskiewicz (University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland) is acting as Honorary Secretary. David Leiser (Ben Gurion University, Israel) has been chosen as President-Elect. He will step into office as Division President in 2014. 2) Website • After the conference in Melbourne we created a new Division website that presents news, activities, information about conferences in the fields of applied psychology and economic psychology. All Division members are invited to provide information about their current activities (publications, research projects etc.) on our website. 3) Conferences • Members of Division 9 participate actively in the IAAP Congresses and are highly active in the organization of the IAAP Congress in Paris, France, 2014. The divisional program will include, among other things, a Presidential Address and six keynote lectures. 29

apnl_v25_i3.indd 29 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Christine Roland-Lévy – Past-President of Division 9 – is the Congress President of ICAP 2014. • Division 9 members presented their research at other conferences in the field of economic psychology – mainly conferences organized by IAREP and SABE (International Association for Research in Economic Psychology) in Cologne, Germany (2010) and Exeter, UK (2011), Wroclaw, Poland (2012) and Atlanta, USA (2013). • At present Eva Hofmann, Christoph Kogler and Erich Kirchler are organizing a workshop on methods in tax behavior research at the University of Vienna, and Bernadette Kam­ leitner is organizing a workshop on consumer behavior at the Vienna Economics University. Further activities by Division 9 members and colleagues in their respective countries are listed below. • The 2014 Congress in Paris is also advertised at the IAREP-SABE website (www.iarep.org). 4) Publishing • We are active in publishing our papers in different journals. Current Division 9 President – Erich Kirchler – is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Economic Psychology. The Journal is the main outlet for publications on topics investigated by members of Division 9. In 2011, the fourth edition of Wirtschaftspsychologie (Economic Psychology) was published by Hogrefe, Germany. We are also active in presenting economic psychology research findings and practical implications at various conferences and meetings organized by practitioners in various fields. For instance, Erich Kirchler is collaborating with the Austrian Ministry of Finance and colleagues at the Dutch Ministry of research findings. He presented his research findings and practical implications e. g., at the University of Zurich, Department of Finance and Banking, Switzerland; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; University of Utrecht, School of Economics, The Netherlands; University of Limerick, Ireland; University of Verona, Department of Economics, Italy; East-Asia University, Siem Reap, Wat Bo Village, Salakomroek Communce, Siem Reap City, Cambodia; the Panyapiwat Technological College, Panyapiwat Learning Center, Bangkok, Thailand; the National Institute of Development Administration, NIDA University, Bangkok, Thailand; University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Law, and Vrije University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences (Department of Taxation), University of Pretoria, South Africa; and the University of Cologne, Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, Cologne, Germany. He taught economic psychology at the Summer School, EUPhD on Social representations and communication, Rome, Italy, and presented tax psychology at EU-meetings. He teaches at the DIBT, the doctoral program on business taxation at the Vienna Economics University. Erich Kirchler, President Tomasz Zaleskiewicz, Honorary Secretary

Past and future activities in various countries, all closely related to economic psychology, prepared by members of Division 9.

Austria: This autumn there will be two highly interesting workshops organized by at the University of Vienna and the Vienna University of Economics on tax behavior and ownership. Members of Division 9 are invited to attend the workshops. 30

apnl_v25_i3.indd 30 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM One workshop deals with ownership, an interesting topic for Division 9 members. The Vienna University of Economics is hosting an ICABEEP co-sponsored interdisciplinary workshop on “Ownership” from 19th to 20th September 2013. Ownership is an ubiquitous concept. As such it has inspired research across a plethora of disciplines. Several streams of literature have investigated the phenomenon, its psychological underpinnings, and its consequences. Topics covered range from endowment effects to psychological ownership in employment contexts and feelings of ownership instigated by marketing measures. What unites these different streams of literature is that they converge on the pivotal role of ownership in shaping a wide range of economic behaviors.

Notably, there have been barely any cross links among different groups of researchers and disciplines working on the same fundamental phenomenon. As a result, different researchers operate with different definitions and there are gaps across disciplines. The workshop aims to bring together researchers with different backgrounds but a common interest in the concepts of ownership or the psychological experience of ownership. The goal is to jointly move towards a much-needed broader understanding of ownership and perhaps a unified theory of ownership.

Experts from the fields of psychology, marketing, economics and organizational studies (including Jon Pierce, Benjamin Scheibehenne, Tehila Kogut, Floyd Rudmin and Joann Peck) who have approached the topic of ownership from different angles are coming together in the two day workshop. Up to 15 PhD students and postdocs with an interest in the phenomenon are welcome to join and benefit from the workshop. Participation in the workshop will be free of charge. Informal applications can be addressed to [email protected].

Christoph Kogler, Eva Hofmann and Erich Kirchler of the University of Vienna are organizing an IAREP/SABE/ICABEEP co-sponsored workshop entitled “Shedding light on the shadow of economy: A critical assessment of methods in tax research” on the 26th and the 27th of September 2013. The intention of this workshop is to combine forces from different areas of research on tax behavior to discuss and evaluate the multitude of different methods used to investigate tax compliance and tax evasion. The different methods applied in this field include experiments in the laboratory, field experiments, surveys and questionnaires, simulations, qualitative approaches (interviews etc.) and neuro-scientific research. The aim is to give an overview, distinguish advantages as well as disadvantages of specific methods and to discuss how to integrate these different methods in future studies. Invited participants are experts in tax research from relevant fields like economic psychology, behavioral economics and people working at national tax administrations. Invited speakers include e. g., law scholars (Jane Frecknall-Hughes, Michael Lang), economists (Aloys Prinz, Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider, Luigi Mittone, Veronika Grimm), psychologists (Barbara Summers, Claus Lamm, Stephan Muehlbacher) and colleagues from Ministries of Finance (Eduard Müller, Henriette Bongers, Sjoerd Gosslinga). Economic psychologists and students interested in tax behavior are invited to attend the workshop. The fee for participation in the workshop is 80 Euros.

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apnl_v25_i3.indd 31 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Preliminary Schedule/Speakers Time Thursday, September 26th 2013 Friday, September 27th 2013 08.30–09.00 Reception/Welcome Address Eva Hofmann & Christoph Kogler 09.00–10.30 Introduction: Tax law & History Simulations & Models Michael Lang, Vienna University of Friedrich Schneider, University of Linz Economics and Business Aloys Prinz, University Of Münster Jane Frecknall-Hughes, Open University Milton Keynes 10.30–11.00 Coffee Break Coffee Break 11.00–12.30 Quantitative Research: Surveys Neuroscientific Methods Barbara Summers, University of Leeds Benno Torgler, Queensland University Sjoerd Goslinga, Dutch Tax of Technology, Brisbane Administration Claus Lamm, University of Vienna 12.30–13.30 Lunch Break Lunch Break 13.30–15.00 Quantitative Research: Laboratory & Round Table/Discussion and Practical Field Experiments Implications Luigi Mittone, University of Trento Eduard Müller, Austrian Ministry of Veronika Grimm, University of Finance (to be confirmed) Erlangen-Nürnberg Stephan Mühlbacher, University of Vienna 15.00–15.30 Coffee Break 15.30–17.00 Qualitative Research: Interviews, Focus Groups, Social Representations Henriette Bongers, Dutch Tax Administration Erich Kirchler, University of Vienna 18.00–19.00 Social Program 19.00–23.00 Dinner

Erich Kirchler ([email protected]) University of Vienna, Austria

Canada: Esther Greenglass will be giving the Invited Distinguished Spielberger Address at the 34th Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society (STAR) to be held July 1–3, 2013 in Faro, Portugal. The title of the talk is, Stress and Coping in Difficult Economic Times: A Cross-National Perspective. In this talk she will report findings collected from various countries on the psychological effects of the recession. For further information, see the website for the conference: http://www. star2013.org/. Esther Greenglass ([email protected]) Toronto, Canada

Denmark: Aarhus University, Department of Business Administration, School of Business and Social Sciences: 32

apnl_v25_i3.indd 32 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM All Master’s students in Business Administration who specialize in marketing, consumer affairs or business intelligence take a mandatory course in Economic Psychology (10 ECTS). The Virtual Community on Sustainability and Consumption organises research and network activities related to economic psychology, e.g., PhD summer school in Environmental and Economic Psychology (2012, Aarhus, Denmark), and a symposium on Sustainability and Consumption at the 10th Biennial Conference on Environmental Psychology (forthcoming 2013, Magdeburg, Germany). The MAPP Centre (Centre for Research in Customer Relations in the Food Sector) heads a number of activities related to the application of Economic Psychology on research on food, including a yearly workshop and conference, e.g., – Mindless and Mindful eating (2012, Middelfart, Denmark) – Supermarkets: Unlimited Labs for Analysing Customer Behavior in the Food Sector (forthcoming, 2013, Middelfart, Denmark) Copenhagen Business School At Copenhagen Business School, students can take both a Bachelor’s and a Master’s that combine business economics and psychology. One of the mandatory courses at the Master’s level is the Psychology of Decision making (15 ETCS). The school also offers a Master’s in marketing that includes a mandatory course in Consumer Behaviour and Economic Psychology (7,5 ETCS). Alice Grønhøj ([email protected]) Aarhus University France: As we are in the process of getting ready for our next ICAP, a year from now in Paris, Division 9 is working hand in hand with many colleagues interested in Economic Psychology, in France and all around the world, in order to build a large community of researchers in the field. Among these, is the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology, IAREP, which will have its annual congress integrated within Division 9 activities, in the coming ICAP. We also have other joint projects, including with SABE, the Society for Advanced Behavioral Economics. For the third year now, the Master’s of Economics and Psychology, which is jointly delivered by the Economics Department of Pantheon-Sorbonne University (Paris 1) and by the Institute of Psychology of Paris Descartes University (Paris 5) is offering a two-year bi-disciplinary research program in Economic Psychology in Paris. It welcomes students from all around the world (courses are taught in English). For more information on this Master’s degree, do not hesitate to have a look at the website: http://www.univ-paris1.fr/ufr/ufr02/offre-de-formation-en-master/economie-et -psychologie/ Similarly, we have started, in Rheims (45 minutes from Paris), another new Master’s degree focusing on Social Psychology in Economic Contexts (http://www.univ-reims.fr/departement-de- psychologie); one third of the courses are offered in English, the others in French. For more information on this Master’s degree, do not hesitate to contact me (Christine.Roland-Levy@ univ-reims.fr). In conclusion, Economic Psychology is developing in France; it is time to submit a symposium . . . (www.icap.2014.com). We look forward to having you all in Paris in July 2014! Christine Roland-Lévy ([email protected]) Congress President of the 28th ICAP 8–13 July 2014 33

apnl_v25_i3.indd 33 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Germany:

Jana Jarek will organize a summer school with Gerd Gigerenzer and Ralph Hertwig in Berlin. The Summer Institute on Bounded Rationality 2013 – Decision Making in a Social World – will bring together young researchers across various disciplines to seek a common understanding of how humans make decisions in social contexts. The aim of the Summer Institute is to provide a platform to discuss the role of heuristics in real world social decision making contexts. Participants will be introduced to the sometimes surprisingly different research practices of many neighboring fields: psychology, economics, biology, statistics, and philosophy. Workshops, talks, poster presentations, and informal events will enable participants to share knowledge beyond disciplinary boundaries while challenging the reigning assumptions in the individual disciplines. What do we mean by bounded rationality? The concept’s core is to understand how people reason when not all alternatives and consequences are known and the future is uncertain. Whereas logic and probability theory assume perfect knowledge about the relevant features of the world, bounded rationality seeks to specify simple step-by-step rules (heuristics) that function well in an uncertain world in which research, information, and time are limited.

The Summer Institute on Bounded Rationality 2013 will focus on social rationality. Formal decision making theory is an abstract construct of great internal coherence which, however, often lacks correspondence to real world problems. One such real world problem is the interactive nature of choice. Individuals rarely decide autonomously, but decision making is influenced by others and decision makers are often groups of individuals. Also, the degree of connection increases with technical possibilities for communication, such as the world wide web. The study of social rationality examines how cognition in general and social heuristics specifically can adapt to those interconnected environments. This often requires going beyond the lab into the field to study problems that occur whenever multiple people in medicine, law, business and politics make decisions. Sample questions when thinking about how social rationality works are: When do groups reach good decisions? Which decision mechanisms work well for large institutions, such as the financial market? How is an individual’s decision influenced by fellow individuals?

For more information follow the link: http://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/de/forschung/adaptives- verhalten-und-kognition/summer-institute-on-bounded-rationality.

Felix Brodbeck ([email protected]) LMU-Munich, Germany

Israel: Two workshops were organized jointly by the Center for Decision Making and Economic Psychology (DMEP) at Ben Gurion University and the Center for the Study of Rationality at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. This initiative is intended to become a regular fixture of our academic calendar, and we plan to hold two such joint meetings every year. Our aim in holding these meetings is to bring together researchers and graduate students interested in the study of social and economic judgment and behavior, to increase potential collaborations among people sharing similar research interests. The invitation to participate, however, is not restricted to members of these centers but rather are open to researchers from any institute. 34

apnl_v25_i3.indd 34 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM The first thematic meeting was hosted by BGU’s Center for Decision Making and Economic Psychology, Dec. 6th, 2012, and devoted to the topic: Temptation and Moral Behavior: Psychological and Economic perspectives. The second meeting took place at the Center for the Study of Rationality (HUJI) on April 25th 201and was devoted to the theme: “The origins of cooperation and generosity: an experimental approach”. A total of 58 participants attended, hailing from outside and around the country and from all major Israeli Academic Institutes. All talks focused on the program’s main theme of the origins of cooperation and generosity from an experimental approach. Presentations included social psychological methods, behavioral economic games, hormone administration / genetic / fMRI research, developmental studies among children of various ages, and more. While all presentations included unpublished work, they surveyed the presenters’ lines of work published in top journals in psychology, management, and economics. The scientific level presented in the meeting was yet another manifestation of both centers’ vibrant scientific activity with national and international appeal. The program’s scientific strength was the key driver for attracting multiple active scientists from various Israeli institutes to attend this stimulating meeting. As acknowledged by the workshop’s participants, numerous novel ideas were brought to the table, new scientific connections were established bridging scholars across experience and disciplines. We are certain that such collaboration will bear fruit and advance Israel’s scientific excellence in the fields of (social) judgment and decision making and economic psychology. It is our sincere hope that this meeting will be the first of many successful such meetings and look forward to organizing the coming meeting expected in December 2013. David Leiser ([email protected]) Ben-Gurion University, Israel

Poland: In Poland economic psychology has become one of the most active research areas for the last couple of years. Two research centers focused on studying psychological aspects of economic behavior have been created: Center for Research in Economic Behavior at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wrocław as well as the Center for Economic Psychology and Decision Sciences at Kozminski University in Warsaw. Researchers associated with the former center were local organizers of the recent conference of International Association for Research in Economic Psychology (IAREP) that was held in September 2012. Every year Polish economic psychologists and economists meet at the national conference on economic psychology and behavioral economics. In 2013, this conference will be held at University of Warsaw, and two keynote speakers are: Doron Kliger from University of Haifa and Tadeusz Tyszka from Kozminski University. Conference sessions cover such topics as: the psychology of money, consumer behaviors and preferences, economic experiments, risk and decision making, entrepreneurship, social economic psychology and behavioral finance. Students of psychology at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities and students of business administration at Kozminski University can choose a specialization in economic psychology. Courses in economic psychology, consumer behavior, behavioral decision research, entrepreneurship and neuro-economics are taught. 35

apnl_v25_i3.indd 35 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Researchers associated with the two centers mentioned above are conducting four large research projects: (1) psychology of money (PI: Agata Gąsiorowska), (2) biases in perceiving financial experts (PI: Tomasz Zaleskiewicz, (3) perception of small probabilities (PI: Tadeusz Tyszka), (4) psychological aspects of the probability weighing function (PI: Jakub Traczyk). Polish economic psychologists are very active in IAAP and regularly participate in IAAP congresses. Tomasz Zaleskiewicz, who is President of the Academic Association of Economic Psychology in Poland, is also Honorary Secretary of IAAP’s Division 9. Tomasz Zaleskiewicz, Ph.D. ([email protected]) University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Wroclaw

Sweden: In Sweden a Master’s program in societal psychology has started at the University of Gothenburg. Economic psychology is one of the courses. At the same university, research is being conducted in behavioral and experimental finance in collaboration with economists at a new national center for finance research. Other research in collaboration with marketing scientists focuses on customer trust in retail banks. Research on banks’ credit ratings is being conducted by researchers in management and psychology at the Gothenburg Research Institute. A research group in economic psychology at the Stockholm School of Economics is currently engaged in one research project on addiction to gambling and another on management of mutual funds. In a center of service research including market-oriented public transport at Karlstad University, researchers in psychology are collaborating with economists on several different projects. A course in consumer psychology is also taught. A series of articles about Swedish economic psychology were recently published in the national journal for professional psychologists. Tommy Gärling ([email protected]) University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Ukraine: An international seminar on Economic Psychology: the Psychology of economic self-determination of person and community took place at the Alfred Nobel Dnipropetrovsk University (Ukraine) on May 16th – 17th, 2013. The seminar was organized with Lucian Blaga, University of Sibiu, Romania (Eugen Iordanescu), CISES s.r.l. & PSIOP Institute, Italy (CISES s.r.l. CEO Alessandro De Carlo), Alfred Nobel University of Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (Rector Prof. Univ. Borys Holod, Prof. Univ. Tamara Tkach, and Associate Prof. Irina Bondarevskaya), Institute of Social and Political Psychology NAPS of Ukraine, Laboratory of Psychology of Masses and Communities, Ukraine (Prof. Univ. Vadym Vasiutynskyi), Zaporizhzhya National University, Ukraine (Rector Prof. Univ. Mykola Frolov, Associate Professor Marianna Tkalych). Psychologists and economists from Italy, Romania, Russia and Ukraine met to discuss the following economic psychology topics: • Psychological peculiarities of national economic policy; • Money, income and savings attitudes; • Psycho-economic aspects of organizational activities; • Entrepreneurship psychology; • Economic consciousness and economic socialization; • Psychology of consuming behavior; • Psychology of poverty. 36

apnl_v25_i3.indd 36 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Results of the seminar were reflected in the book of abstracts published in English, Russian and Ukrainian which was scientifically reviewed by Prof. Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Prof. Liudmila Karamushka, and Prof. Tamara Tkach. Irina Bondarevskaya ([email protected]) Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine

Division 10: Psychology and Law I am at the moment busy preparing an email to send out to all of you to invite you to submit nominations for the positions of President-Elect and committee members, and I trust that by the time you read this newsletter the President-Elect and committee will have been elected. The principal role of the President-Elect is to assist the President in the administration of the Division between now and the 2014 International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP) which will be held in Paris. At the end of the Congress the President-Elect will assume duties as the new President of the Division. Speaking of ICAP, the title of Professor Jennifer Robbennolt’s keynote address in Paris will be Psychology, Behavioral Ethics, and Lawyers and that of Professor Colin Tredoux Synthetic Faces for Eyewitnesses and Face Recognition: Research and Practice. The title of my presidential address will be Ethical Challenges in Psychology and Law. There will also be a number of symposia on psychology and law topics. The contents of these will range from psychological court report writing; the assessment and treatment of deliberate fire setting; Self-Determination Theory and offender motivation; forensic expert evidence; police misconduct and whistle-blowing; testimony by children; risk, need and responsivity and offenders with Autism Spectrum Disorder; the role of similarity in eyewitness identification and various other symposia on eyewitness identification and testimonies. As you can see, the psychology and law program will be comprehensive and varied and I hope you will make it even better by submitting abstracts. Your contribution will ensure that Division 10 has a strong presence at the ICAP. Submissions are open until 1st December 2013. Please submit abstracts electronically through the congress website and note that there is no fee for submitting an abstract so you can submit as many as you wish! Unfortunately the acceptance of an abstract will not imply funding of registration, travel arrangements, accommodation or other costs by the Congress Organisers or the Division. Finally, as I reported in the previous Bulletin, we are developing Division 10’s webpage, and given the good progress we have made I am sure that it will be up and active when you read this. If you have not yet visited it please do so by going to the IAAP website and following the links. As the Division is a collective of its members it can only be as active as its members are and the website is a place where you can become involved in the activities of the Division. I also invite you to consider submitting a contribution that we can place on the website. Please consider organising an activity in Paris. I hope to see all of you in Paris. –Alfred Allan, President, Division 10

Annual Report: Division 10–Psychology and Law Since my previous annual report I have been trying to re-establish the Division and foster interest in the 2014 International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP) in Paris. Members’ apathy has 37

apnl_v25_i3.indd 37 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM unfortunately made both these tasks laborious. When I did not receive any responses to my invitation for capable and enthusiastic Division members to assist me in taking care of the Division’s management I co-opted the following three members to form a Divisional Committee with me:

Rebekah Doley from Bond University in Queensland Australia Colin Tredoux from the University of Cape Town in South Africa Fanny Verkampt from the Université Toulouse in France.

Our immediate priority was to ensure that Division 10 has a strong presence at the 2014 ICAP Congress, and I am happy to report that the psychology and law program will be comprehensive and varied.

I sent out a call for nominations for the position of President-Elect on 6 June 2013 and I hope that we will know who the President-Elect is by the end of July 2013 if not earlier. Work on the webpage is progressing well and it should be operational when the Annual Meeting takes place. We have high hopes that we will be able to use the webpage to strengthen Division 10 and engage more members in it activities. We thank the IAAP Executive Committee for the funds it made available to the Division to appoint a postgraduate student to assist the committee in various tasks at promoting the Division. Wei Zhong Beron Tan has taken up this role.

The major task for the Division’s committee until the Paris conference is to encourage members to attend it and present papers. We trust that we will be able to use the webpage to do this and therefore our organisational priority will be to make the webpage something that members will find useful and will use. We also aim to further develop a plan of action that will ensure that the Division becomes optimally functioning and sustainable again. I am specifically planning to invite all the members of the Division to attend a planning meeting in Paris. In the interim I am planning to send an email invitation to members to let me know if they are attending the European Congress of Psychology in Stockholm. If possible I will try to meet those who are available individually or as a group.

I wish to thank Janel Gauthier, Milton Hakel, Michael Knowles and Jose Prieto for the valuable assistance and support they gave me. I am also very grateful to Rebekah, Colin, Fanny and Beron for their assistance during the past year.

–Alfred Allan, President, Division 10 6 June 2013

Division 11—Political Psychology Annual Report

1) ICP held in Cape Town, 2012 • There were lectures and presentations in variety of areas in political psychology at the Conference in Cape Town. 2) The 13th International Symposium on the Contributions of Psychology to Peace Research held by the Committee for Psychological Studies for Peace (CPSP) at the International Islamic University in Malaysia, 9–15 June 2013. 38

apnl_v25_i3.indd 38 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM • The theme of the Symposium was PROMOTING PEACE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION. More than ten active members of Div. 11 contributed to the Symposium by providing keynote lectures and paper presentations. 3) Preparation for the 28th ICAP to be held in Paris, 2014 • The Division is presently organizing symposia and lectures in the area of political psychology Division11 (Political Psychology) ICAP2013 in Paris 8–13 July Presidential address: Takehiko Ito (Japan): Title: From the US 9/11 attacks to the Japanese 3/11 earthquake Keynote speakers: for ICAP2014 on July, 8–13 in Paris (1) Ian Parker (UK: Critical psychology) Title: ‘What form of politics is “applied psychology”?’ (2) Noraini M. Noor (Malaysia) Title: Muslim women’s well-being: Challenges and opportunities. Five transversal keynote lecturers were recommended by Division 11 and accepted for ICAP2014 on July, 8–13 in Paris: Ruben Ardila (Columbia): The problems of the developing (majority) in the XXI century: how will psychology contribute to their understanding and solutions? Klaus Boenke (Germany): Do our children become as we are? Cristina Montiel (Philippines): Psychological Landscape of Democratic Transitions. Manami Ozaki (Japan): Inclusive Positivity: post traumatic growth after 311 in Fukushima. Mike Wessells (USA): Psychology of Peace: A View from War Zones. Symposia are now being organized by Division 11 for ICAP2014 on July, 8–13 in Paris (1) Converner already submitted the abstract 1–1 Convener: Hamdi Muluk (Indonesia) Title: The influences of religion on political aspirations and behavior in Indonesia (Please convert this symposium application already done individually to a symposium proposed by Division 11) (2) Convener confirmed, abstracts to be submitted 2–1 Convener: Christopher Cohrs (Gennany) Title: Development of peace psychology program in universities worldwide. Noraini M. Noor (Malaysia) Hamdi Muluk (Indonesia) Cristina Montiel (Philippines) Christopher Cohrs (Gennany) 2–2 Convener: Mike Wessells (and/ or Kathleen Kostelny) (USA) Title: Children and war Mike Wessells (USA) Kathleen Kostelny(USA) others 2–3 Convener: Takehiko Ito (Japan) Title: Posttraumatic growth after disaster and violence in Japan and Afghanistan Takehiko Ito (Japan) Manami Ozaki (Japan) Waheeda Khan (India) 39

apnl_v25_i3.indd 39 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM 2–3 Convener: Shelley McKeown (UK) Title: Diverse approaches to identity and peace. Shelley McKeown (UK) Siew-Fang Law (Malaysia Australia)? (3) Two other symposiums are being organized 3–1 Convener: Yaya Khisbiyah (Indonesia). Tentative Title: Psychology for Islamic women. or Islamic perspectives for applied psychology 3–2 Nikola Balvin (Australia/ UNICEF). Tentative title: Peace psychology worldwide I have asked symposium conveners to send abstracts directly to me before June 30. Publications Members are active in publications such as contributions to the Peace Psychology Book Series published by Springer-Verlag such as: Peace Psychology in Australia (Peace Psychology Book Series) by Diane Bretherton, Nikola Balvin (2012) Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace (Peace Psychology Book Series) Joseph de Rivera (2013/7/31) Membership Presently there are 106 Division members. They are included in the mailing list of the Division. –Takehiko Ito President of Division 11 (Political Psychology) June 14, 2013

Division 12—Sport Psychology This report includes information about professional events, forthcoming activities, publications and other initiatives from our colleagues in the sport psychology community. News from Australia by Daniel Gucciardi (Curtin University) There is a changeover in the College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists (CoSEP) committee, with Tracey Veivers as the new Chair. 2013 began as a controversial year for the profession of Sport & Exercise Psychology with the Australian Institute of Sport having begun to implement its Winning Edge as the new High Performance Strategy and also Swimming Australia’s independent review. After professional registration moved from a State to a National basis it has become paramount that CoSEP continues to highlight its unique discipline and competencies within the broader field of Psychology. The action plan is based around supporting the country’s two surviving postgraduate programs and highlighting the relevance of the field to key stakeholders, media and the public. Practical and Ethical Guidelines are currently being developed for Sport Psychologists that travel to sports activities. CoSEP provided a response to the Senate in their enquiry into the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) Amendment Bill, which was to strengthen their investigative functions. 40

apnl_v25_i3.indd 40 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM CoSEP also provided a submission into another of the Senate’s investigations into the advertising and promotion of gambling in sport. An on-going issue is the investigation of the misuse of the title ‘Sport & Exercise Psychologist’ which can only be used by Psychologists with the official endorsement by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Authority and the Australian Psychological Society that highlights relevant and specific qualifications and experience in the field. (There are only 47 psychologists endorsed in Sport & Exercise Psychology in Australia). News from Croatia by Renata Barić (University of Zagreb) Two events were organized April 19–20, 2013 by the Croatian Psychological Association, Croatian Psychological Chamber, Faculty of Kinesiology Zagreb and the European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC). The first day included a Sport Psychology symposium led by FEPSAC president, Prof. Paul Wylleman. The symposium, entitled “Competencies in applied sport psychology”, had 63 participants – psychologists and psychology students from different countries. Prof. Wylleman offered detailed insights of different models used in the psychological preparation of talented elite and Olympic level athletes. Through different examples and practical experiences, the importance of the role of sport psychologists was accentuated in general and within the long-term strategies of European sport bodies and organizations. Some recommendations of FEPSAC were presented and also examples of good collaboration between sport psychologists and sport organizations. Participants also received some recommendations about how to increase their network in their own countries. The second day consisted of a Symposium entitled “Sport success—how sport psychology can help?”. Eleven invited speakers from Italy, Slovenia, Belgium, Brasil, Romania, and Croatia presented their work, results and experiences. The symposium was very well received by the more than 160 participants who expressed their interest in the organization of a similar symposium in the future. As a result of both events and the collaboration among sport psychologists, a new initiative emerged to consider founding a small group of sport psychology professionals with experience in working with athletes and coaches. We believe that this step could help colleagues to share their knowledge and experience and that it would also significantly help further development and establishment of sport psychology in Eastern Europe. News from USA by Gloria Balagué (University of Illinois at Chicago) In March, 2013, Division 47 established Section 2, Performance Psychology. Its purpose is “. . . to bring together those interested in research, teaching, and practice related to the psychological aspects of optimal performance. This includes, but is not limited to, the psychological aspects of performers such as athletes, performing artists, business leaders, and professionals in high-risk occupations. Members of this community of psychology professionals will work towards developing collective definitions and models regarding training and practice in performance psychology while developing the field more broadly and intentionally.” An initial Steering Committee has been established: Drs. Kate Hays (Chair), Elena Estanol, and Eric Bean. They invite you to become part of this new community by joining the Division 47 Performance Psychology List. The Section on Performance Psychology is open to anyone who is a member or affiliate of our Division 47. As a member or affiliate, all you need do is send a note 41

apnl_v25_i3.indd 41 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM of interest to our Listserv manager, Dr. Donald Knight, at [email protected], and then become part of the conversation.

Upcoming Conferences and Events For an updated list of events visit: http://home.no/sportpsy/news/index.html

New Publications Arvinen-Barrow, M. & Walker, N. (2013). The Psychology of Sport Injury and Rehabilitation published by Routledge. Visit: http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415695893/ Kremer, J. & Moran, A. (2013, 2nd edition). Pure Sport: Practical Sport Psychology published by Routledge. Visit: http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415525282/ Stelter, R. (2013). “A Guide to Third Generation Coaching. Narrative-Collaborative Theory and Practice” to be published by Springer. Visit http://www.springer.com A new DVD is now available from Virtual Brands: “Self-awareness in Sport Psychology Consulting” starring Dr. Burt Giges. A multimedia CD-ROM for people who have torn their ACL knee ligament is also available. More information at: http://vbvideo.com/. For more information and updated news visit the Division 12 website (http://home.no/sportpsy/). –Montse Ruiz, Newsletter Editor, Division 12

Division 13—Traffic and Transportation Psychology ICAP 2014 is getting ever closer and I hope to meet many of you in Paris. The conference website is www.icap2014.com. You can find current details of the Division 13 program at http://www. icap2014.com/scientific-program/divisional-programs/div-13-traffic-and-transportation- psychology/55. By the time this newsletter goes to press the call for symposia will be closed. However, the call for individual papers and posters will be open from June 1 to November 30 (http://www.icap2014.com/call-for-individual-papers-and-posters/68). I strongly encourage all members able to attend ICAP to submit a paper or poster, and I am optimistic that the Division 13 program for Paris will match the high standard established at previous Congresses. News below features two meetings supported by the Division, this year’s Sixth International Conference in Driver Behaviour and Training (ICDBT6) in Helsinki, and a first announcement for the Sixth International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology (ICTTP6) in Brisbane. It’s never too early to begin planning your conference attendance. On a personal note, I took up a new position at the University of Central Florida Institute of Simulation and Training in June. Please contact me at [email protected]. I appreciate hearing from members about their views of the Division, and items for the next IAAP newsletter are likewise welcome. –Gerald Matthews, President, Division 13

Sixth International Conference in Driver Behaviour and Training The programme for the Sixth International Conference in Driver Behaviour and Training (ICDBT6) has been released (see www.icdbt.com). There will seventy papers presented across nineteen symposia with contributions from road safety researchers and organisations from over 30 countries. 42

apnl_v25_i3.indd 42 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM High calibre academic institutions and road safety groups will provide the audience with an exciting forum from which to network and learn more about some of the cutting-edge research taking place around the world. The event is hosted under the auspices of Division 13 of the IAAP, Traffic and Transportation Psychology and held at Helsinki University, Finland from 19–20th August 2013. Keynote speakers and eminent experts in the driver behaviour field will start the proceedings after a welcome from the Conference Chair Dr Lisa Dorn. The first keynote address will be delivered by Professor of Traffic Psychology Heikki Summala from the host institution, Helsinki University. Professor Nils Petter Gregersen, Senior Research Director of the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute will then address the conference followed by world-renowned experts in hazard perception, Associate Professors Peter Chapman and David Crundall of Nottingham University, UK. The ICDBT6 will be held in collaboration with the Institute of Behavioural Sciences at the University of Helsinki in Finland. The conference venue is located on the Helsinki waterfront and is within easy walking distance of the city centre. The conference dinner will be held on board the MS Emma, while cruising through the picturesque Helsinki archipelago. A hardback book of selected papers published by Ashgate will be disseminated at the conference as well as a published copy of all the proceedings.

Sixth International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology The Sixth International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology, jointly hosted by Queensland University of Technology (CARRS-Q) and Griffith University (School of Applied Psychology), will be held in South East Queensland in 2016. Provisional dates are 31 July – 3 August 2016. Organising Committee Members are: Barry Watson (Scientific Program Committee Chair), Ian Glendon (Joint Conference Chair), Kerry Armstrong (Joint Conference Chair), Lyndel Bates (Young Scientists and Student Program Chair), Ioni Lewis (CARRS-Q), Bridie Scott-Parker (USCAR), Brenton McNally (GU), Emma Harbeck (GU), Clare Murray (CARRS-Q), Ashlea Haddow (CARRS-Q), James Freeman (CARRS-Q).

Other forthcoming conferences on traffic and transportation psychology 1. The 20th International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference (T2013) will be held in Brisbane, Australia, from 23–25 August 2013. T2013 will provide an exciting global forum for researchers, academics and professionals involved in road safety and injury prevention research and policy, particularly from the fields of drugs and alcohol, to discuss and present on the latest innovative research and programs being undertaken. Further details are at www.t2013.com. 2. The 3rd International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention (DDI) will take place from September 4–6, 2013 at the Lindholmen Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden. DDI 2013 aims to bring participants up-to-date on recent developments worldwide and to bring together all stakeholders – researchers, policy makers, vehicle manufacturers and many others. More at http://www.chalmers.se/hosted/ddi2013-en. 3. The Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) will take place in San Diego, September 30 – October 4, 2013. HFES has 22 Technical Groups (TGs); most presentations on traffic and transportation issues contribute to the programs of the Surface Transportation, Safety and Aerospace Systems TGs. Further details and the meeting program may be found at https://www.hfes.org//Web/HFESMeetings/2013annualmeeting.html. 43

apnl_v25_i3.indd 43 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM 4. A call for participation has been posted for the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International meeting, to be held in Krakow, Poland from 19–23 July, 2014 (http://ahfe2014. org/newsletter.html). It includes as an affiliated conference the 2nd International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation (http://ahfe2014.org/conferenceHFT.html).

Division 14—Applied Cognitive Psychology Annual Report My period as the president of this Division started in 2010 in Melbourne. At this time our division was in complete disarray – no president or officers were present, no symposia or any posters or talks. My main tasks were the following: 1. To build an organizational structure for a couple of 4 year periods in order to stabilize the situation. Currently such a structure is present, with me (Boris Velichkovsky) as President, Professor José J. Cañas (Spain) as President-Elect and Professor Thierry Baccino (France) as an officer who will become President-Elect during next year’s congress in Paris. Beside this, our distinguished colleague and founder of neuroergonomics, Professor Raja Parasumaran (USA) has agreed to function as one of the Vice-Presidents and perhaps one of our next Presidents. 2. According to data distributed at the Cape Town congress, our Division was in the top third in terms of number of members. I do not have the recent data, but they should be good, if not much better than in Melbourne. 3. For the first time in our history, we organized a Ph.D. school (Paris, 8–11 April 2013) on applied cognitive research. The school was a success, and I would like to thank the IAAP for financial support of 2,000 Euros. We had over 20 applications from 9 countries, but only18 students finally received EU visas for this event. The program, lectures and students talks and posters were excellent. 4. We are planning a number of contributions to the scientific program for next year’s congress in Paris: Presidential Address– Boris M. Velichkovsky (Germany), “Applied Cognitive Research at the Interdisciplinary Crossroads”. Invited Speakers–Thierry Baccino (France), “Digital Reading: Designing a Platform for Cognitive Tests”; Louis Bherer (Canada), “Cognitive remediation in older adults?”; Fernand Gobet (UK), “Talent versus Expertise: Experiments and Models”. Symposia–Aline Chevalier (France), convener—”Interactive Cognitive Tools for Better Learning”, Anna Leonova (Russia), convener—”Cognitive Fatigue and Stress at Work”, José J. Cañas Delgado (Spain) and Pertti Saariluoma (Finland), conveners–”Modeling Natural Environments and Behavior” 5. My last and final task in all the years was to try to change the name of our Division from “applied cognitive psychology” to “applied cognitive research”. Please consider this once more as if the name were changed, we could attract more participants to our future schools and more members to our Division.

Boris M. Velichkovsky Dresden/Moscow 44

apnl_v25_i3.indd 44 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Division 16—Counselling Psychology Division 16 Annual Report The University of Buenos Aires, upon the recommendation of the Faculty of Psychology, has named Professor Jean Guichard a Doctor Honoris Causa in recognition of his excellent research on construction of the self, social cognition, future time perspective, and career development. In conferring the honorary doctorate, Rector Rubin Eduardo Hallu highlighted Professor Guichard’s outstanding work during his years as Director of the National Institute for the Study of Work and Career Counseling at the National Conservatory of Applied Psychology in Paris, France. Professor Guichard had previously received honorary doctorates from the University of East Finland and the University of Lisbon in Portugal. Professor Guichard currently serves as a Class Exceptional University Professor in Psychology at the National Conservatory of Applied Psychology (CNAM), France. He is also Treasurer for the Counseling Psychology Division (16) of IAAP. Division 16 continues to sponsor an international research project to study career adaptability. Members of the Division from 15 countries collaborated on constructing a conceptual model and operationally defining it with a scale called the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale. The research team meets every two years at the IAAP or the IUPsyS congresses and between meetings works through the internet. In addition to the 15 original countries, this year the project added colleagues from Greece, Peru, and Germany. The Executive Committee is in the process of inviting nominations for the position of President- Elect beginning in 2014. The Division Executive Committee, led by Jean Guichard from INETOP, has been working closely with the program committee for the 2014 IAAP Congress in Paris. We have successfully nominated a few transversal speakers and recruited our five candidates for Divisional Invited Addresses. Division 16 co-sponsored an International Conference entitled Life Design and Career Counseling: Building Hope and Resilience that was held in Padova, Italy. The Conference was chaired by Division 16 member Salvatore Soresi. Laura Nota and Maria Eduarda Duarte, members of the Division16 executive committee, were on the Scientific Committee and presented invited addresses. Members of Division 16 have posted counseling materials on www.Vocopher.com. These materials are free. The Counsellogical Association of Poland was founded in Wroclaw on February 24, 2011. In 2012, they published the first two issues of a bilingual journal (Polish and English) entitled Studia Poradoznaweze/Journal of Counsellogy. The word “counsellogy” means the study of the counseling process. The first editor is Alicja Kargulowa. Website is http://www.dsw.edu.pl The Network for Innovation in Career Guidance and Counselling in Europe (NICE), chaired by Christiane Schiersmann at Heidelberg University, has published the NICE Handbook for the Academic Training of Career Guidance and Counselling Professionals. The Handbook, published in 2012 by Heidelberg University, is a joint production of 40 partners in a European academic network partly funded by the European Commission. The Handbook presents arguments for training career counselors in higher education institutions, a vision of which core competencies they will need in the future, and a framework for designing and developing degree programmes in career guidance and counseling. 45

apnl_v25_i3.indd 45 8/23/2013 3:41:17 PM Kęstutis Pukelis Dean of Social Sciences faculty at Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania is editor of the new bilingual journal (Lithuanian and English) entitled Karjeros Projektavimas: Tyrimai ir Konsultavimas (Career Designing: Research and Counselling). New Book Kobus Maree of the University of Pretoria, South Africa has written a book called, Counselling for Career Construction Connecting life themes to construct life portraits: Turning pain into hope “In this book, career counselling history, best practices as well as contemporary models and methods are brought together. In reflecting on the past, present, and future of career counselling, the story of the postmodern, narrative or career construction approach and the model and methods used to advance careers in the 21st century is told. A meta-reflection concept is proposed, based on career construction principles and practices and aimed at providing an examination of repeated reflection in career counselling. Overall, an attempt is made to craft a text that is not just specifically instructive but also more generally so. Whereas the theory section includes much that is hands-on and practical, the inclusion of narratives in the practice section turns theory into practice. Narratives illustrate the complexity and contextuality of partnering with clients toward re-designed lives. Ultimately, the volume aims to demonstrate how Mark Savickas’ counselling for career construction approach can be used by clients to connect life themes in order to construct life portraits under the guidance of counsellors.” (Taken from the preview that can be seen at the link below.) https://www.sensepublishers.com/catalogs/bookseries/other-books/counselling-for-career- construction/

Division 17—Professional Practice Paris here we come! I encourage members of the Division to submit programs for the 2014 Inter­ national Congress of Applied Psychology in Paris. We are planning several invited programs, and I would love to hear from you about ideas for programming and social activities at the Congress. Dr. Robyn Vines from Australia and I are organizing an invited symposium on “International Perspectives on Primary Care.” Our profession is evolving from a mental health discipline into a health care discipline. Professional psychologists are making many important contributions to the health of our populations, beyond traditional mental health care. There are many new and important opportunities in primary care and integrated healthcare systems for professional psychologists. This symposium will provide an overview of current progress in psychological service delivery in the primary care setting in a number of western countries. Primary Care Psychology is a growing area of practice and service delivery, at the core of which lies a collaborative model of mental and general health care involving appropriately trained psychologists working with family physicians in the general practice setting. Its key objective is to provide early intervention for common mental health disorders (previously under-treated), chronic disease and its behavioral and mental health sequelae. The model minimizes the stigma of help-seeking, facilitates more equitable access to care, and requires different approaches from those traditionally used in the hospital, community health and private practice sectors. Research indicates that major health problems, such as diabetes, 46

apnl_v25_i3.indd 46 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM heart disease and obesity, due to psychosocial and lifestyle problems, are frequently sub-optimally treated by the medical profession. Similarly, mental health care in many places results in low prevalence conditions such as schizophrenia being referred to psychiatrists for pharmacological treatment alone, whilst care for high prevalence/common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety still frequently entails drug therapy alone and/or with generic counseling. However, appropriately trained psychologists are now becoming increasingly involved in preventing and providing evidence-based interventions for these problems in a new integrated health care frame­ work. The symposium will provide an overview and comparison of integrated models of primary mental health care and their progress in six western countries: Norway, the USA, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and France. In each of these, current research & service delivery trials, funding mechanisms and training models will be explored, as well as current barriers to optimal roll-out of these psychological services. The focus will be on best practice models and evidence-based interventions for treatment and training, and will provide an up-date on current progress in different countries with a view to establishing better networks to support this work internationally. Consulting, I/O and human factors psychologists are helping design safer operating rooms by designing improved systems of care based on research from the aviation world. Further, these psychologists are also designing team building for medical systems that help improve quality of care and patient safety. Governance Issues. As the new division President, I propose that it is time for us to organize a governance group. I am looking for volunteers to join me in developing an effective and vibrant governance group for the division. We need someone to be President-Elect, secretary, and members of the board. Serving in governance is a great way to meet colleagues from around the world and give back to our profession. Please contact me ([email protected]) if you would like to be involved in the division. Speaking of giving back . . . I was recently invited to participate in the “Celebration of Service” conference for the Give an Hour organization (www.giveanhour.org). Give an Hour was organized by Dr. Barbara Van Dahlen, a psychologist in the United States, to provide free behavioral health services and psychotherapy for returning veterans and their families. With the many wars around the world, there are untold mental health needs for military service members and their families. Because of the stigma associated with mental health issues in the military, many do not feel comfortable accessing mental health services offered through the military. The mission of Give an Hour, which asks psychologists to donate an hour to provide free psychological services, is one that can be replicated across the world. I encourage you all to provide these kinds of services in your communities. I look forward to hearing from you—engage, get involved. This is your Division. James H. Bray, Ph.D. [email protected] +1 (713) 798–7752

Division 18—History of Applied Psychology Helio Carpintero, President of Division 18, has kindly given me permission to use the following articles that were originally published in the Newsletter of Division 18. Helio Carpentero, –Valerie Hearn, Editor, IAAP Bulletin President, Division 18 47

apnl_v25_i3.indd 47 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) Richard Mababu (*) Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Spain

DSM-5 (formerly known as DSM-V) is the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In the United States, and in many other parts of the scientific world, the DSM serves as a universal authority for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Treatment recommendations, as well as payment by health care providers, are often determined by DSM classifications, so the appearance of a new version has significant practical importance. According to professor Victoria del Barrio (2004), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification system for mental disorders, now employed worldwide, has its historical roots in the previous systems dating back over several centuries, from the Greek Hippocrates in the fourth-century BC to the nineteenth-century German Psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin. The classification is both the process and the result of arranging individuals into groups formed on the basis of common characteristics. In the USA, the social and professional need to collect statistical information on mental disorders led to the DSM. In 1880 the census distinguished among seven categories: mania, melancholia, monomania, paresis, dementia, dipsomania, and epilepsy. In 1917, a “Committee on Statistics” from what is now known as the American Psychiatric Association (APA), together with the National Commission on Mental Hygiene, developed a new guide for mental hospitals called the “Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions for the Insane”, which included 22 diagnoses. This was subsequently revised several times by APA over the years. APA, along with the New York Academy of Medicine, also provided the psychiatric nomenclature subsection of the US medical guide, the “Standard Classified Nomenclature of Disease”, referred to as the “Standard”. A brief chronological history of the DSM in the USA can be summed up as follows: DSM-I (1952): World War II created a significant large-scale involvement of US psychiatrists in the selection, processing, assessment and treatment of soldiers. This moved the focus away from mental institutions and traditional clinical perspectives. A committee headed by psychiatrist and brigadier general William C. Menninger developed a new classification scheme called Medical 203, issued in 1943 as a “War Department Technical Bulletin” under the auspices of the Office of the Surgeon General. The manual was 130 pages long and listed 106 mental disorders. “It took into account not only biological but also social and psychological elements and it offered a multidimensional consideration of disorders” (Del Barrio, 2004, p. 608).

———— (*) Richard Mababu is professor of Psychology at Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Spain. 48

apnl_v25_i3.indd 48 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM DSM-II (1968): In 1968, APA decided to revise the DSM-I and in this new version listed 182 disorders in a work 134 pages long. In general, DSM-II was similar to DSM-I. One of the significant changes was that the term “reaction” was dropped while the term “neurosis” was retained. Both DSM-I and DSM-II reflected the predominant psychodynamic theory although they also included biological perspectives and concepts from Kraepelin’s classification system . Following controversy and protests from gay activists at APA annual conferences from 1970 to 1973, as well as the emergence of new data from researchers such as Alfred Kinsey and Evelyn Hooker, the seventh printing of the DSM-II, in 1974, no longer listed ‘homosexuality’ as a category of disorder. But through the efforts of psychiatrist Robert Spitzer, who had led the DSM-II development committee, a vote by the APA trustees in 1973, and confirmed by the wider APA membership in 1974, that diagnostic term was substituted by one called “sexual orientation disturbance”. DSM-III (1980) and DSM-III-R (1987): During the revision of 1974, a great effort was centered around making the DSM nomenclature consistent with that of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), published by the World Health Organization (WHO). Robert Spitzer led this new revision of the DSM with the goal of improving the uniformity and validity of psychiatric diagnosis in the wake of a number of critiques. In 1980, the DSM-III listed 265 diagnostic categories (in 494 pages ). It rapidly came into widespread international use by multiple stakeholders and has been termed a revolution or transformation in psychiatry. In 1987 Spitzer and his team made a new revision of DSM-III, renaming and reorganizing its categories. Altogether, DSM-III-R contained 292 diagnoses reorganized in document of 567 pages. DSM-IV (1994) and DSM-IV-TR (2000): In 1994, a committee of experts and scientific groups from all over the world, led by Allen Frances, prepared the revision of DSM-III-R. The features of this new version included (i) brevity of criteria set, (ii) clarity of language, (iii) explicit statements of its constructs, (iv) based on up-to-date empirical data, and (v) better coordination with ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision). DSM IV attracted criticism from various theoretical points of view; among them, particularly the anti-psychiatric movement, which has always been against the use of classifications in psychiatry, as it considers labeling a dangerous procedure. DSM-IV lists 297 disorders in 886 pages. In the year 2000, the diagnostic categories were updated, mainly in the diagnostic codes section, in order to maintain its consistency with the ICD.

DSM-V (2013): The DSM-5 (formally DSM-V) was published on May 18, 2013, superseding the DSM-IV, which was published in 1994 and revised in 2000. The development of the new edition began with a conference in 1999, and proceeded with the formation of a Task Force in 2007, which developed and field-tested a variety of new classifications. The DSM-5 contains extensively revised diagnoses and, in some cases, broadens diagnostic definitions while narrowing others. In most respects

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apnl_v25_i3.indd 49 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM DSM-5 has not greatly changed from DSM-IV. Notable innovations include dropping Asperger syndrome as a distinct classification; loss of subtype classifications for variant forms of schizophrenia; dropping the “bereavement exclusion” for depressive disorders; a revised treatment of gender identity issues; and the introduction of a new ‘gambling disorder’. (DSM-5) has raised the expected criticism since its release. Criticism coming from many psychologists and psychiatrists (led by Patrick Landman, a prominent French psychiatrist) has focused on the following issues: (a) It’s impossible to classify mental disorders; (b) DSM is just a money maker; ( c) Under DSM-5, more people will be diagnosed with a mental disorder; (d) The DSM is trying to redefine what is and is not normal. Critics have also argued that its new thresholds will lead to an increase in claims for work-related disability compensation, allowing more people to take extended sick leave. Some changes that may have significant effects on the working population are to be found in depression and anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In any case, the appearance of its new version will, no doubt, have a great impact upon the whole field of clinical psychology and also on the more general views on assessing procedures and techniques. The need for a classification system, the determination of those symptoms and characteristic traits of the various pathologies, and the existence of an instrument with such great acceptance all over the world gives our professionals an objective approach, a rigorous exchange of knowledge, and the making of a differential diagnosis in most cases; in a few words, it allows our science rigor and the properties of generality and inter-subjectivity; without it, scientific thought cannot be acknowledged as such. No scientific work lasts ‘forever’. But we welcome the appearance of this new edition of such an important instrument in the hands of clinical psychologists wherever they are working. References Cooper J.E., Kendell R.E., Gurland, B.J., Sartorius N., Farkas, T. (1969). Cross-national study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: some results from the first comparative investigation.American Journal of Psychiatry, 10, Suppl, 21–90. The conversation: http://theconversation.com Dalal, P.K., Sivakumar, T. (2009). Moving towards ICD-11 and DSM-5: Concept and evolution of psychiatric classification. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 51 (4), 310–319. Del Barrio, V. (2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In Spielberger, C. edit., Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, Amsterdam , Elzevier, Vol. I, 607–614. Houts, A.C. (2000). Fifty years of psychiatric nomenclature: Reflections on the 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56 (7), 935–967. Lane, Christopher (2007). Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became a Sickness. Yale University Press. Mayes, R. & Horwitz, AV. (2005). DSM-III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness. Journal of History of Behavior Sciences 41 (3), 249–267. Seven Counties Services: http://www.sevencounties.org Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

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apnl_v25_i3.indd 50 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM An interview with Dr. Hugo Klappenbach (*)

(Interviewed by Prof. Helio Carpintero) Dr. Hugo Klappenbach, currently full professor of history of psychology at the National University of San Luis (Argentina), has just been elected as President- Elect of the Interamerican Psychological Society (SIP), probably the most important international psychological society gathering professionals and academicians from the Latin American (LA) and North American countries. He was very kind to agree to be interviewed for this Newsletter on several interesting points in the psychological panorama.

Question (Q.): How do you see the current situation of psychology in LA? Answer (A.): LA psychology, since its origins, has always had a very strong applied and practical orientation. Our social contexts were asking psychology to solve a variety of problems and questions, at the beginning related to the fields of law, work and education, and later to the one of health.

When considering the main achievements of LA psychology, it appears that there has been great development in social and community psychology in many countries, for instance, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Brazil. There have also been important advances in clinical psychology in Mexico and Argentina. Original contributions have appeared; notable are the psychology of liberation by Ignacio Martin-Baró, some idiosyncratic developments of the experimental analysis of behavior and some works on political psychology. It is true that, for instance, political psychology did not originate in LA countries, but, as Maritza Montero has shown, the enhancement of communitarian structures took place among us at the same time as the question of ‘empowerment ‘ was raised in the United States. Similarly, as Jose Miguel Salazar indicated time ago, there was a certain tradition of critical Marxist psychology in LA, which surged in Cuba and some other countries, that included developments that cannot be found in Soviet Marxist psychology.

A limitation of LA psychology is that it is scarcely known out of its region. Although a great effort has been made with the creation of regional data bases, like Scielo, Dialnet, Redalyc, Bireme or Psicodoc, there are still only a few original LA papers included in PsycInfo.

In my opinion, the movement in favour of a polycentric history as the one proposed by Danziger or Brock will in the end contribute to overcome such limitations. And the movement for the internationalization of psychology may have a similar effect. But this is a slow process, due to the idiomatic difficulties. And it must be mentioned as a positive fact that recent issues ofthe International Psychology Bulletin have included some notes on “Psychology in LA: Legacies and Contributions”, with information about those Spanish or Portuguese speaking psychologists that received the SIP award in past years. ——— (*) Dr. Hugo Klappenbach, currently full professor of history of psychology at the National University of San Luis (Argentina), is also Research Professor at the CONICET (Argentina), and has published many papers on history and professional training in psychology. He has just been elected President-Elect for the Interamerican Psychological Society (SIP). 51

apnl_v25_i3.indd 51 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM Q.: Dr. Klappenbach, you are a prominent personality in the international scene of the history of psychology. Which is, in your opinion, the relevance accorded by psychologists of the history of psychology field? A.: First of all, many thanks for your appreciation. In fact, it is possible to succeed in this field only when there is a real interest in doing research, be it in a direction away from psychology, or not. Moreover, such movement has been very effective in placing the history of psychology inside the framework of plain historical research. But it is possible also to discover another line that allows us to ground and to discuss the basic content of the psychological field. For instance, the history of psychology, general psychology and social psychology are the only topics that offer our students a general view of the psychological field. And as far as applied psychology is concerned, the historical approach is still farmore interesting, as the various areas of intervention are the direct consequence of some complex historical processes. Let us see, for instance, the evolution of clinical psychology, and the great significance that the Boulder model for training practitioners has had on it. A sufficient analysis of such questions cannot be made without considering the situation after the War experienced by people in the United States and the roles that the Veterans Association or the Institute for Mental Health played then. It is true that references to polycentric history as those made by Kurt Danziger or Adrian Brock are related to those various cultural contexts from which psychological discourses and practices emerged. But it would also be possible to build a polycentric history taking into account the different applied areas. It is clear that the history of educational psychology differs greatly from the development of sport or gender psychology. Q.: Is the history of psychology worthwhile for scientists? And is the history of applied psychology of any value for the creation of an identity among psychology professionals in developed countries? And, are the questions of the existence or inexistence of a paradigm in psychology still relevant, or are such questions now meaningless, and have they been substituted by the search for models for the various concrete topics we are dealing with? A.: I am not sure if I’ll be able to answer such a complex question. The problem of the ‘unity versus variety’ in psychology is older than it was supposed to be. Some recent works compiled by Thomas Sturm and Annette Mülberger in Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences show that the first discussions on the crisis of psychology were not those made by Bühler or Kostyleff, but were found in different papers written at the end of the 19th century. The diversity of points of view in psychology is as old as is our field, and, at the same time, the efforts in favor of a conceptual unification are equally old. Q.: How do you see the present and the future connections between psychology and the neurosciences? And how do you see the rapid growth that the ‘positive psychology’ movement is experiencing? A.: It seems to me that such relationships will be central in the near future. I remember now that in many interviews included by Ruben Ardila in his book on The Future of Psychology, such trends were clearly underlined. But when the contributions of cultural psychology, such as the ones by Michael Cole, are also considered, the need to strengthen the connections with social sciences and with anthropology also appears. In my opinion, the psychological explanations will demand both biological and neurochemical data as well as anthropological and sociological considerations. Human behavior must be viewed as the behavior of an organism in a certain social context; and I 52

apnl_v25_i3.indd 52 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM still consider psychology as a field in between natural and social sciences, or, in other words, both a natural and social science. And due to such a double-sided condition, so many difficulties and complexities arise in psychological theorizing. As to the case of positive psychology, it may be seen as a typical American topic. Seligman’s interest in a psychology focusing on the positive aspects of behavior, instead of the pathological ones, clearly reveals the great weight of clinical psychology upon the profession in the US.; a fact that is characteristic of American psychology, although, it is true , can also be found in many other places. But it must be remembered that some studies on resilience and ‘salutogenic’ factors, as those carried out by Martina Casullo in my country, Argentina, clearly prove that the interest in those traits with positive influences upon human potentialities is not a newcomer in today’s research. Other studies on community and political psychology, carried out in LA, also found that some factors favouring empowerment are far from the most frequently mentioned orientations towards pathological topics. I will not say that research on community empowerment is the same as positive psychology, at least in Seligman’s view. But both types of problems have deep similarities after all. And such affinities will perhaps reinforce the communitarian research in social psychology, although not necessarily in accordance with Seligman’s viewpoints. Q. What are the main objectives for your SIP presidency? A.: First of all, as you probably know, I will be incorporated into the SIP Board of Directors next July, as President-Elect, to work together with an acting President and a Past-President. M first goal is to contribute to work toward the current goals approved by the Board. I would like to do my best in consolidating some recent achievements, such as the incorporation of student representatives into the Board. The evolution of the Latin American Society of Psychology Students, (SOLEPsi) makes them deserving of more participation within the SIP works. Secondly, I think that SIP is prepared to promote holding a Second LA Conference on Training and Formation in Psychology. The first one took place in 1974, and since then, many significant changes have taken place in psychology in our countries and also on the topic of the proper training of psychologists. Last but not least, I hope we will be able to reinforce the body of national representatives, in order to get a stronger voice that will give new strength to our associations, societies, and unions, in their claims and projects in the international arena. Q.: How do you see the roles that those international scientific societies should play, such as IUPsyS and IAAP, in psychology? A.: The process of the internationalization of science is very well known. Since the very old letters exchanged among pioneer scientists, a long time ago, it is clear that scientific knowledge looks forward to being an international reality. I have said somewhere that globalization is a phenomenon born in modern times, (while perhaps someone would prefer to say that it was born in the Hellenic epoch). Kant appealed to world citizens in the same manner as Marx did with the proletarian people. We now usually focus only on the bad effects of a globalized economy, and we forget that this same globalization was included in the modernity project for a more democratic and fair society. It must be acknowledged that globalization does not oppose either national or regional or local development. Both global and national aspects are complementary sides of the same being. Our international psychological societies have an important role in this direction, as they provide 53

apnl_v25_i3.indd 53 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM us with a multicultural and transcultural exchange of ideas and of professionals. Congresses held by IUPsyS, by IAAP or by SIP allow us to overcome our limits and to develop new models and experiences that enrich our own thought. As far as I know, there is a common timetable established by those societies, (also including, for instance, the International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology), and I think that such coordination is a very important goal to achieve. Q.: What is your message for psychology professionals currently working in our world? A.: I think that I am not the right person to make a broad statement of what may happen in the future in different parts of the world. But I think we should be able to draw conclusions and learn lessons about the financial crisis that has unfolded even in strongly developed societies like the American or European. First of all, it seems to me that, more as citizens than psychologists, we must create democratic and sustainable strategies to prevent our world from falling into the hands of economic and financial powers who are only interested in self profit. I think that most citizens, beyond the legitimate differences among existing political views, are interested in many more issues other than sole economic gain; people are interested in issues like the rational care of the planet’s reserves, education, culture, equality of opportunities and justice, tolerance and peace among nations. So, we must strengthen an international citizenship, a concept from community psychology which enables us to direct economic and financial processes in the sense of a rational, humanitarian and fair direction. In that context, I think psychology professionals have a specific key role in promoting understanding among people, either in social and community psychology or in the fields of work, education, health, or domestic violence, and even in those processes aiming at peace and at solving conflicts between stakeholders with different positions and thoughts. Psychology is the science of behavior and human subjectivity, and everything related to behavior and subjectivity involves the interest of psychology. More and more, and in varied fields, the professional psychologist is required for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work, according to the complexity and multi-causality of human behavior. In fact, I doubt if I am able to send a general message for those professionals of psychology, but I would dare to say that in their roles involve two complementary directions: one is their commitment to promoting rigorous scientific knowledge in the field and the other is to attend to thesocial relevance of all psychological interventions. Division 18 Annual Report Since the meeting of the Executive Committee at Cape Town, on July 2012, Division 18 has maintained an active program of activities oriented to give support to issues related to its special field, the History of Applied Psychology. The Division record of recent activities is as follows: Newsletter: The edition of a specialized Newsletter has continued, and Issue Number 4 was sent to colleagues at the end of last year. An interesting collection of pieces related to Chinese psychology was included, and we have received some friendly and encouraging opinions about it. A new issue is currently being prepared, and we hope the activity will continue in the future. Some recommendations and suggestions have been sent to the Scientific Committee of the ICAP 2014 (to be held in Paris) related to possible names and topics that are of interest in our special area of the history of psychology and should be taken into account in preparing the program. 54

apnl_v25_i3.indd 54 8/23/2013 3:41:18 PM Specific contacts have been maintained with two important groups that are currently working on matters of our specialty: the group of the history of psychology of the SIP (Interamerican Society of Psychology), the important group of Latin American Psychology that has organized an active group on our common topic, now chaired by Dr. Ana Jacó ( Brazil), and also the Spanish Society for the History of Psychology, an association that consists of around a hundred specialists. It is very active in the study of European psychology. Both groups have been encouraged to prepare and present proposals for symposia for the ICAP 2014 on historical topics. Preliminary aspects of possible cooperation between their groups and our Division have been initiated. We continue to work at disseminating information about our Division through a line of informal and personal contacts with European colleagues, mainly in Italy and the Netherlands, hoping for their active participation in the forthcoming 2014 Congress.

José M. Peiró Receives Award José M. Peiró, President of IAAP, received the Lifetime Award of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology (EAWOP). The award was presented during the inaugural ceremony of the 16th Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, held this past May 22nd-25th in Münster, Germany. It is the first time EAWOP has awarded this distinction recognizing lifetime contributions to EAWOP and outstanding services given to the Work and Organizational Psychology community. Professor David Guest was in charge of presenting the “laudatio” and he and the President of EAWOP, Prof. Arnold Bakker, presented the award to José M. Peiró. José M. Peiró, is President of IAAP and Director of the University Research Institute of Human Resources Psychology, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL) at the University of Valencia. He was Past-President of EAWOP and a Fellow of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) and the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology (EAOHP) (See www.uv.es/jmpeiro)

José M. Peiró receiving the award 55

apnl_v25_i3.indd 55 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología, Inc. Interamerican Society of Psychology, Inc. Sociedade Interamericana de Psicología Société Interaméricaine de Psychologie

Janel Gauthier Receives the 2013 Interamerican Psychology Award

Every two years, the American Psychological Society (SIP) awards two Psychology Inter-American Awards. One award is given to a psychologist whose language is either English or French and another to a Spanish or Portuguese psychologist. The awards are given to psychologists who have made exceptional contributions to the development of psychology as a science and as a profession in the Americas. It is the most prestigious award that the Society confers. This year, the award for the English or French speaking psychologist was given to Janel Gauthier, President-Elect of IAAP. The prize (a plaque of recognition) was given to Janel at the opening ceremony of the SIP Congress in Brasilia, Brazil in July.

Thoughts from Middle Earth I wrote some of this article at the time of a recent visit to Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand, frequently referred to by the tourist brochures as the Middle of Middle Earth. This recognises that Wellington is the home of Sir Peter Jackson1, New Zealand’s most successful film producer and director, and of Weta Workshops2, the company whose digital wizardry created much of Jackson’s Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, and the first Hobbit movie. These movies, shot on location in New Zealand and featuring our distinctive landscapes, were based, of course, on the fantasy novels of J.R. Tolkein, and contain rich symbolism. The main theme is concerned with the destruction of the One Ring, the ring that has supremacy over all the other rings of power in Middle Earth. Tolkein’s mythology and symbolism can be adapted to many purposes, but for my present discourse the One Ring could stand for the place of science in modern life, dominating all other sources of knowledge. This view of the place of science in contemporary life and society is conventional, but seriously contested (Rosenau, 1992), and it is an issue for psychologists, especially those of us engaged with applied psychology in an international context. The very existence of an International Association for Applied Psychology is likely to be taken by many as evidence that there is a unified (scientific) discipline of psychology capable of universal application. There are, however, other perspectives which argue that Western science is just one socially constructed form of knowledge

1http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/features/film&television/film&televisionnz-film-maker-peter- jackson_feature.cfm 2http://www.wetanz.com/ 56

apnl_v25_i3.indd 56 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM among many others (Rosenau, 1992), and all are of equal merit, authority, and status. This issue becomes particularly acute in an era when evidence-based practice is affirmed in many places as both a matter of professional duty and public policy. It is not only a matter of deciding what the particular evidence is, but of knowing more generally what constitutes evidence – where does it come from and what gives it authority? Relevant to this issue, the 2012 International Congress of Psychology in Cape Town, South Africa held a Controversial Debate, where the protagonists debated the proposition that Psychology cannot be indigenous and scientific. The debaters addressed the topic with erudition and sincerity, but, unfortunately, perhaps due to a failure of imagination by the Conference organisers, both were middle-aged, white males and part of the mainstream, Western academic tradition in Psychology. Attending the debate was somewhat reminiscent of debates in the 1960s about feminism conducted by men: there was a strong sense of a lack of authenticity and intrinsic authority to speak of the matter under debate. Notwithstanding this, the issue of “Western” science versus “Indigenous Sciences” and of “Western” psychology and” Indigenous” psychologies will not go away, and as the communities we all live in, the clients and organizations we apply our psychology to, and the students we teach become more diverse and multi-cultural, it becomes more and more salient. It is an issue that IAAP may need to address further, perhaps urgently. There exists, of course, a large scholarly literature on topics to do with psychology, culture, and ethnicity. For instance, using the descriptors “culture” and “ethnic*” I got over 600 hits to articles published in the IAAP journal Applied Psychology. I am sure that if I widened my search to other journals and to languages other than English I would find many more citations. But it is my impression (nothing more – I have no data) that much of this scholarly work has taken place within the paradigm of contemporary “Western” psychology and does not very directly, if at all, engage with the more fundamental epistemological issue of the existence of multiple, ethnic world views and scientific paradigms. This is research in the etic approach which assumes the universality and cross-cultural invariance of established Western constructs and models (Cheung, 2012, p 724). An alternative is the emic approach, associated with indigenous psychology movements, where investigators attempt to identify local realities and focus on indigenous constructs and methodologies in their own terms, rejecting the importation of Western theories or models (Cheung, 2012, p 725). Cheung (2012) argues eloquently for the development of an international psychology, a combined etic-emic approach that will deliver a psychology that is both culturally relevant and universal. Few would disagree that this is a worthy, indeed necessary and urgent, goal for 21st Century Psychology to aim for. Cohen (2009, p 202) writes that It is of enormous importance that psychologists of all stripes have a deep understanding of culture, and goes on to say:

From a basic science perspective, there are many psychological processes that vary in profound ways within and across cultures . . . Understanding culture, therefore, has critical implications for understanding behaviour in business contexts, schools, families, friendships, and even responses to strangers in crowded urban contexts. . . . from a practical or applied perspective, there are many domains that can be much better understood by appreciating the role of culture, such as educational settings, organizational settings, and health settings. (Cohen, 2009, p 202).

IAAP Division 6 can take heart that both community and clinical psychology provide examples of progress towards this goal (e.g., Sue, 1998; Sue, Zane, Nagyama Hall, & Berger, 2009; Tebes, 2010). Yet it still seems to me to leave the issue of epistemology – one ring or many – unresolved 57

apnl_v25_i3.indd 57 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM (Blampied, 2008). Does this matter? Perhaps leaving the issue unresolved will generate creative tension that will benefit psychology? It is certainly true that we can collectively and individually pursue the creation of the kind of culture-embracing psychology envisaged by Cohen (2009) and Cheung (2012) without resolving the deep philosophical issues raised by the claims for indigenous science. As some other writers have suggested, we can also respect the existence of, and seek to engage with, various sources and forms of indigenous knowledge (e.g., Evans, 2008; Herbert & Morrison, 2009), without necessarily conceding that any of these represent indigenous science (Blampied, 2008). The great philosopher of science, Karl Popper, once said I regard scientific knowledge as the best and most important knowledge we have – though of course it is not, by any means, the only kind of knowledge we possess (Popper, 1991, p 56). Recognising this opens the way for us to incorporate indigenous knowledge into our disciplinary practice as psychologists. For instance, in the context of evidence-based practice, in addition to considering scientific evidence about the efficacy and effectiveness of some intervention, we can also consider information about the acceptability of the intervention to any particular cultural group or community to whom it might be applied (Blampied, 2008). This would be just one way we could progress towards the goal stated by Cheung (2012) of having psychological science and practice . . . embrace multicultural models in an emerging paradigm of glocalization3 (p 729). Neville M Blampied, President, Division 6 Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand [email protected] References Blampied, N.M. (2008). Journeying under Matariki and the Southern Cross: What are our guiding stars? A Comment and Reflection on Evans (2008). New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 37, 15–22. Evans, I.M. (2008). Steering by Matariki and the Southern Cross: Piloting clinical psychology’s course in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 37, 1–15 Cohen, A. (2009). Many forms of culture. American Psychologist, 64, 194–204. Cheung, F.M. (2012). Mainstreaming culture in psychology. American Psychologist, 67, 721–730. Herbert, A.M.L., & Morrison, L.E. (2007). Practice of psychology in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Maori perspective. In I.M. Evans, J.J. Rucklidge, & M. O’Driscoll (Eds.). Professional Practice of Psychology in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp 35–47). Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Psychological Society. Popper, K. R. (1991). Knowledge and the shaping of reality: The search for a better world. New Zealand Science Review, 48, 56–66. Rosenau, P.M. (1992). Postmodernism and the social sciences. Princeton, NY: Princeton University Press. Sue, S. (1998). In search of cultural competence in psychotherapy and counseling. American Psychologist, 53, 440–448. Sue, S., Zane, N., Nagyama Hall, G.C., & Berger, L.K. (2009). The case for cultural competency in psychotherapeutic interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 525–548. Tebes, J.K. (2010). Community psychology, diversity, and the many forms of culture. American Psychologist, 65, 58–59. 3Glocalization is the process whereby global influences are internalized and localized (Cheung, 2012). 58

apnl_v25_i3.indd 58 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM Paris, THE BEST TRIP EVER . . .

28th ICAP, July 8–13 2014, Paris, France As this issue of IAAP Bulletin is coming out, you do not have much more time to submit a paper and/or a poster for the 28th International Congress of Applied Psychology in Paris in July 2014. Abstracts for oral communications and posters can be individual papers or collective ones; you can also submit a coordinated session, which implies up to 5 coordinated papers (papers that go together–a kind of symposium with up to 5 papers and possibly less . . .). Please note that there will be awards for Doctoral students as we wish to welcome them in a very special way . . . A-CIPA, the Consortium of French Psychology Associations, is offering two awards for the best two papers; and Division 9, Economic Psychology, along with the International Association of Economic Psychology, IAREP, is offering three awards. For these awards, students are asked to submit a mini paper (no more than 5600 characters, spaces included), at the same time as they submit the abstract . . . Please spread the word and do not hesitate to have your students enter the competition! Other joint groups are also offering various awards . . . All abstracts need to be submitted on line on our web page: www.icap.2014.com Even though the time limit for abstract submission is December 1st, it will come soon! The Opening Ceremony will take place, on Tuesday 8 July, at 4:00 pm. All delegates and accompanying persons are cordially invited to attend. It will be followed by a welcome cocktail reception. Paris is a dynamic city. A renowned cultural capital and always at the forefront of current affairs: Paris is never short of ideas. You will find something to satisfy all of your interests! Besides the Congress, Paris offers unforgettable visits and walks, museums and many other marvelous things to taste and to experiment with. Special tours will be organized for those interested.

We already have a very stimulating scientific program. Be sure not to miss it! See you in Paris, soon . . . Christine Pr. Christine Roland-Lévy Congress President of the 28th ICAP 8–13 July 2014 [email protected] 59

apnl_v25_i3.indd 59 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM 1st Pan-African Psychology Union Workshop “This is an historic meeting”. This view, first expressed by Charles Mate-Kole, president of the Ghanaian Psychological Association and Professor in the Department of Psychology at UG was unanimously shared by the delegates. Saths Cooper, in his capacity as the President of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), observed that the historic moment was not only due to the need for a Pan-African voice of the discipline of Psychology being long overdue but, because the choice of Ghana, the land of Kwame Nkrumah who became one of the most articulate people in expressing the desire for pan-African unity, was the location for the workshop. The Ghana workshop was the first of three planned workshops in the lead-up to the formation and launch of the Pan-African Union of Psychology (PAPU). The workshops are aimed at reinforcing and elaborating the commitment and vision expressed in the Cape Town Declaration. The workshops are also intended to discuss the proposed statutes and rules of PAPU. The meeting brought together representatives of Psychology from West and North Africa, along with a delegation from South Africa and the leaders of IUPsyS. Besides Ghana, the voices of West African Psychology were represented by Cameroon, Liberia and Nigeria. Regrettably, Egypt was the sole envoy of North African psychology. The lack of representations from other Western and Northern countries in itself indicates the imperative for a distinct, united voice of psychologists as well as the dire need for psychological science and professional services in Africa. As Professor Yuwanna Mivanyi of the Nigerian Psychological Society put it, the need for PAPU is called for because “we have to mentor ourselves, and we have to be global”. Indeed, the lack of associations and psychological expertise, and therefore the necessity to nurture a sturdier voice of African psychology in a number of countries in West Africa, was obvious even in the run-up to the workshop.

Caption for picture on the left: Siphiwe Ngcobo, President of the Psychological Society of South Africa addressing delegates at the PAPU workshop Caption for picture on the right: Participants at the Workshop (Photo credit: Kopano Ratele of PsySSA, also a participant) 60

apnl_v25_i3.indd 60 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM The overviews of the histories and developments of organised psychology in the respective countries were very informative. Yet, the presentations further reinforced the need to strengthen African psychological societies. At the same time, Professor Bame Nsamenang, representing Cameroonian psychology, who presented on the country’s psychological associations, underlined the need to be careful in drawing out the aims of PAPU and not to avoid the difficult but necessary discussions on the nature of psychology on the continent. th The second PAPU workshop will be held during the 19 South African Psychology Congress to be held in Johannesburg on September 24–27, 2013. Psychology associations from Southern and Central Africa will be invited.

–Kopano Ratele

2014 Election of Fellows of the International Association of Applied Psychology Call for Nominations The IAAP Elections Committee has many pleasant duties and this is one of them – to Call for Nominations for the election of IAAP Fellows. Who may be Nominated As defined in the Constitution a nominee should be a distinguished psychologist who has made substantial contributions to applied psychology. Candidates for Fellow status must be qualified for Full Member status in IAAP and must have at least five years of professional experience. A Fellow is also a Full Member, and pays the same dues unless the Board of Directors directs otherwise. Who or Whom can be the Nominator Potential Fellows may be nominated by any of the following: a. The Board of Officers. b. The President of a Division on behalf of the Division. c. Any member of the Board of Directors. d. Any Member of the Association. The Role of the Nominator These are the steps in nominating a Fellow: a. The Nominator contacts the potential nominee to determine interest. b. If the Nominee assents, the nominee sends his/her CV to the nominator. c. The Nominator writes a letter of nomination and submits the letter of nomination and the Nominee’s abridged curriculum vita (1-page or 2-page at most) to the Chair of the Fellows Committee. 61

apnl_v25_i3.indd 61 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM The Roles of the Fellows Committee and the Board of Directors The role of the Fellows Committee is to: a. Review the material and decide on approval or disapproval. b. In case of approval, submit the name of the nominee to the Board of Directors for final endorsement. c. In case of disapproval, correspond with the nominator to explain the reasons for the disapproval. The role of the Board of Directors is to review all nominees recommended by the Elections Committee. This will be done at the next meeting of the Board of Directors which will take place before the opening of the International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP) in Paris on July7 and 8, 2014. Elected Fellows will be presented with their Fellow Certificate at the Closing Ceremony of the Congress. Call for Nominations Your nominations should reach me by April 6, 2014. You are strongly encouraged to submit your nominations by e-mail to: [email protected] [The alternative postal address is: Michael Knowles, Ph.D., Monash University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Management, P.O. Box 197 Caulfield East, Victoria 3145, AUSTRALIA; or Fax (in central office) to: +61-3-9903-1168] Michael Knowles Chair, Elections Committee IAAP Past-President

The Great Recession: Stress and Coping in Difficult Economic Times

With the global downturn that began in 2008, there has been widespread economic hardship as a result of large scale national debt, increased unemployment, dwindling individual financial resources, and uncertainty about the future. These events have led to considerable stress, anxiety and depression in many individuals who are confronted daily with financial stress and hardship. Understanding psychological reactions in response to the economic downturn presents a challenge to psychologists particularly in appreciating how individuals appraise their financial situation, how they cope with it, and the implications for psychological distress. Five years ago, our lab in the department of psychology at York University embarked on an in-depth examination of the economic downturn’s psychological effects. We developed an online questionnaire that included key measures of variables in the financial sphere (stressors), measures of psychological resources that may buffer the individual from economic stressors, along with 62

apnl_v25_i3.indd 62 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM several psychological outcomes. Theoretically we examined the psychological effects of the recession from a stress and coping perspective. We established an international network of collaborators in several different countries who translated our questionnaire and are collecting data using the same instrument. We have collaborators in countries world-wide including, for example, Greece, Poland, Israel, Germany, Austria, Spain, Ireland, Belgium, Portugal, The Czech Republic and Pakistan. We are also developing models linking stressors, psychological resources and outcomes that we are testing cross-nationally. This will extend stress and coping theory to understanding how the financial downturn affects individuals and how individual resources may help alleviate distress. By applying our theories and research design to an understanding of the effects of the recession, we are extending psychological theory to the study of a most important social issue and its implications for psychological health. In our research we also point to interventions that can be implemented to help improve quality of life during these difficult economic times. –Esther R. Greenglass York University, Toronto, Canada

The IAAP team as NGO Representatives to the United Nations: Update on activities – edited by Judy Kuriansky, IAAP UN representative Introduction to this Section The IAAP representatives to the United Nations continue to be active at the three headquarters: New York City, Geneva and Vienna. This section concentrates on Psychology Day at the UN and the message from the UN Deputy Secretary General, which expressed extremely important support for psychology. Other activities for later reports include: (1) presentations at UN events, e.g., at the UN Commission on Social Development on “Social Integration, Poverty Eradication and Employment: Impact on Mental Health and Well-Being” and at the International Day of Happiness (see video at http://vimeo.com/69441235); (2) the NGO Committee on Children’s Rights’ meeting about care of boys; (3) meetings with member states, e.g., the Lesotho Ministry Office of Gender about the girls empowerment programme, and the UN President of the General Assembly address to the NGOs; (4) presentations, e.g., at the European Congress of Psychology; (5) the Youth Assembly 2013 on “Tomorrow’s Leaders Today”; (6) the launch of the new “Ethical and Spiritual Initiative for Sustainable Development”; (7) the strategy of the Psychology Coalition at the UN, coincident with the IAAP UN team strategy; (8) an update on field projects (e.g., in Haiti, Africa); and (9) events with the First Ladies of Africa. The 6th Annual Psychology Day at the United Nations Psychology Day at the UN is a major annual event held at UN headquarters, organized by representatives of psychology NGOs accredited at the UN (see past IAAP bulletins). The 6th Annual Psychology Day at the UN was held on 25 April 2013 at the UN Church Center on the theme “Violence in a Global Context: Antecedents, Consequences and Prevention.” The topic was chosen because of: major recent national and international incidences; violence as an ongoing major issue at the UN including at this year’s UN Commission on the Status of Women and the previous week’s historic UN declaration that violence against females cannot be justified or ignored by any custom, tradition or religious consideration. 63

apnl_v25_i3.indd 63 8/23/2013 3:41:19 PM Co-Chairs of the event were IAAP UN representative Walter Reichman and John C. Scott, UN representative of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). Many IAAP members participated, as usual, in the committees on planning, publicity and programming.

Psychology Day at the UN committee members and presenters

To open the event, Dr. Reichman read the important greeting from The Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Jan Eliasson (see below). The keynote address was delivered by Dr. Theresa Betancourt, Associate Professor of Child Health and Human Rights at Harvard School of Public Health. In her presentation about the “Youth Readiness Intervention Program,” an ongoing longitudinal study of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone, she pointed out the need for developmental and longitudinal perspectives on child mental health in adversity and the importance of integrating mental health programs into education and youth employment initiatives. She also described a collaboration with Partners in Health Rwanda to launch a mixed-methods study of mental health needs among HIV/AIDS-affected youth. In a panel on violence against children and youth, Julia M. da Silva, Director of the Violence Prevention Office of the American Psychological Association, presented a violence prevention parent training program implemented in the U.S. and five other countries. Dr. Ava Thompson, Associate Professor of Psychology at the College of The Bahamas, representing IUPsyS, discussed the impact of violence on the development of children. Joost Kooijmans, Special Assistant to the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, pointed out that less than five percent of children in the world have legal protection against violence. In the second panel on violence against adults and the elderly, Dr. Mary Crawford, Psychology Professor at the University of Connecticut, discussed sex trafficking in South Asia and related tragic stories of young victims in Nepal, given that low caste, illiterate, poor and ethnic minorities are at the greatest risk. Dr. Shamita Das Dasgupta, cofounder of Manavi and adjunct professor at NYU Law School, described that violence against women stems in part from dependency and powerlessness in their communities. Rosemary Lane, Senior Social Affairs Officer in the Focal Point on Ageing at the UN Division for Social Policy and Development, reviewed the work of the 64

apnl_v25_i3.indd 64 8/23/2013 3:41:20 PM UN in the prevention of violence against the ageing and asked for NGO input at an upcoming meeting of the UN group on ageing that is being convened to protect the human rights of older persons. IAAP’s UN representative Dr. Florence Denmark shared her memories of establishing the first Psychology Day at the UN in 2007 and traced its development to this 6th year. A video about this evolution, produced by IAAP’s UN Representative Judy Kuriansky, is at the new website: unpsychday.wordpress.com. A review of responses of an evaluation revealed highly favorable reactions to the event and speakers. –submitted by IAAP UN representative Walter Reichman and SIOP UN representative John Scott

Official message to Psychology Day at the United Nations from Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson (abstracted)

UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES It is a great pleasure to greet all participants in this sixth Psychology Day at the United Nations. The growing involvement of your profession in the work of the international community is matched by the UN’s rising appreciation for the role that psychology can play in responding to global challenges. Mental illness and strains, for example, impose tremendous social and economic burdens on societies and on millions of people – from children traumatized by war to youth in despair at the lack of job opportunities to the increasing number of older persons coping with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Yet many countries lack policies or programmes to address such issues and there are rampant misconceptions and stigma about mental illness ... Each aspect of your programme – antecedents, consequences and, prevention – bears directly on the UN’s efforts to promote peace, development and human rights. . . . Thank you for your efforts to help us address the roots of these complex and crucial challenges . . . I welcome your emphasis on introducing psychology students to the global implications of their newly chosen field of study. We at the United Nations look forward to learning more about your work and finding scope for your expertise to be utilized. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and I thank you for your support and wish you a stimulating and productive day. Report about the IAAP side event on Migration at the 2013 United Nations Commission on Population and Development IAAP UN Representative Martin Butler organized a side event entitled “Vulnerabilities of Children in International Migration: Human Rights and Psychosocial Perspectives” on behalf of the Psychology Coalition at the United Nations (PCUN), for the 46th Meeting of the Commission on Population and Development on the topic of “New Trends in Migration: Demographic Aspects.” The event was held at United Nations headquarters in New York City on 23 April 2013. 65

apnl_v25_i3.indd 65 8/23/2013 3:41:20 PM Susan Bissell, Chief of Child Protection at the Programme Division of UNICEF noted that children are left behind when their parents seek employment opportunities. There are 220 million children in Southeast Asia who do not have birth certificates. She recommended that areas of origin, transit, and destination should be in sync in order to protect children, and that children’s needs should be considered both individually and in the family context. Steeve Coupeau, president of NYIHA Media, described a new trend of migration from Haiti to Brazil, rather than to the Dominican Republic as was common in the past, partly because Haitians experience less hostility and racism in Brazil where they can obtain humanitarian visas and thus receive residency, education, employment, and healthcare. In addition, Afro-Brazilians are beginning to assert their status in Brazil. Psychology professor and SPSSI UN representative Yvonne Rafferty likened child trafficking, a global shame, to modern-day slavery, with sex slavery as the biggest subset. She pointed out problems with defining “trafficking” and “child,” and the importance of differentiating trafficking, which involves physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, from migration. Trafficked children suffer direct physical injury, drug and alcohol abuse, sexually transmitted infections, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (found in 26% of trafficked children), and depression (found in 100%), with 47% having attempted suicide. Children should be educated on “safe migration.” Maria Pia Belloni of the World Association of Early Childhood Education said there is a criminology of migration. Migrants may not know the language in locales where they have been detained and thus are unaware of their rights or the reasons for their detainment. In Europe, 600,000 men, women, and children are detained for no crime – just migration – for a minimum of six months, in overcrowded cells, frequently with criminals present. When parents are detained, children suffer lifelong effects, often ferried from place to place or just released onto the streets. Solutions include schools and group homes for children. No child should be detained for more than 3–6 days, she said, and should be released to refugee centers with their families. – submitted by Martin Butler, IAAP UN NGO representative with gratitude to intern Alishia Kliza, PCUN rapporteur

Commentary

REFRAMING TIME AND THE BIRTHDAY NINE

“We stand in life at midnight; we are always on the threshold of a new dawn.” (Martin Luther King Jr.)

In San Francisco, a young woman ran for the cable car, arms loaded down with groceries. She succeeded in boarding and, arms loaded with groceries, made for the last free seat. Suddenly, a teenage boy shot past her and, with a triumphant smile, sat in her space. She stood in front of him as the cable car started up, maintaining her balance as best she could. He clearly had no intention of surrendering his seat. But she had learned the hypnotic art of time distortion, slowing the experience of time to give herself more room to think in a crisis (Morgan, 2004). After several minutes of reflection, using up only seconds in real time, she said “Would you please give up your seat to an exhausted pregnant woman?” This was said in a loud voice and the other passengers turned toward the teenager who, reluctantly, stood up and let the young woman have his seat. Looking at her intently as she settled into his former spot, he said “You sure don’t look pregnant. How long have you been pregnant?” She smiled benignly: “Two hours.” 66

apnl_v25_i3.indd 66 8/23/2013 3:41:20 PM Since Paul Fraisse of France penned his classic Psychology of Time in 1963 and the International Society for the Study of Time began in Europe in 1972 (or the London based Association for the Social Studies of Time or ASSET in London), global psychology has held episodic interest in this key variable. I have had particular interest in the clinical stressor of the “birthday nine”. When one approaches or enters their 29th, 39th, 49th, 59th, 69th or any birthday taking us into an age ending in ‘9’, this can be a major life stress. While the measurement of time is an arbitrary concept, its experienced passage is not. We have many self-inflicted (or society/parents-inflicted) expectations of what we were supposed to have accomplished before beginning another decade of life. An experienced clinician can be aware of this process and guide clients through it, knowing that reaching ages ending in zero signify a resigned acceptance of another decade to inhabit and accomplish a fresh set of expectations. The key is to assist the client to merge into a new decade of life with productive hope. If this were also true of our human family on a global scale, then we would have expected that 2008 as it headed into 2009 would have been an exceptionally stressful time (magnified by the vast but disappointed expectations of a new century and new millennium). Here is a passage from that time: “The scenery in the Sierras was breath-taking, full of energy. Leaves on the trees blazed with autumn reds, yellows, orange, and green. The air was crisp, and the sky a darkening navy blue. A few dozen hawks circled to the south, considering a move to warmer skies. As to the human scenery on the ground, there were cars without color- endless silver, black, white, and gray. Metal metaphor for a colorless era, one devoid of nuance and unity, an era of one-party rule, pre-emptive invasion, abandonment of the Katrina victims in New Orleans and the Gulf coast, voter fraud on a massive technological scale, disappearance of habeas corpus and other basic human rights, a “risk shift” where health care and retirement were no longer covered by government or employer (Hacker 2006), sanctification of torture, and government proclamations of danger at every corner. These first years of a new millennium might well be called the Propane Decade: toxic, explosive, colorless, and odorless, but with a bad smell added to let you know it’s there. What grayness of spirit in contrast to the pervasive beauty of nature all around us. How did it happen that suddenly ‘the end justifies the means’ was the basis for living with others? Had we lost knowing that the means is an essential end in itself? Did our entry into a new millennium so frighten so many of our decision makers that they jumped us back in time, stopping briefly for breath in the 1950s, and then in reverse eight more centuries to medieval times? Was this to rerun the Crusades and void the Magna Charta? Was it safer living our life in the past lane? How was it that so many of our human community were willing to turn their backs on the beauty and promise of a new century, working against their own best interests? Was it manipulated fear? We had so many false alarms, the real dangers magnified many times, until we became used to the rhetoric of danger. Each new crisis left people shaken but not stirred. Possibly this is the turbulence prefacing a transition to a truly advanced nonlinear future. But, at least at first, how did the community of the early 21st century allow itself to become so devastatingly transformed so as to turn its back on the boundless resources and opportunities available in a new millennium?” (Morgan, 2008) As we move further into a fresh decade and beyond, no longer the Propane Decade, we see fresh and vibrant colors on the cars and fresh resolve to confront the massive challenges humanity still faces. With all the support and direction psychology can provide, we have the opportunity to enter these new decades, fresh, untouched, and full of hope. If we succeed it can truly be the threshold of a new dawn. –Robert F. Morgan 67

apnl_v25_i3.indd 67 8/23/2013 3:41:20 PM References Fraisse, P. (1963). The Psychology of Time. New York: Harper & Row. Morgan (2008). Opportunity’s Shadow and the Bee Moth Effect: When Danger Transforms Community: N. Charleston, SC/Fairbanks, AK: Morgan Foundation. Morgan (2005). Training the Time Sense: Hypnotic & Conditioning Approaches. (With Linn Cooper, Elizabeth Erickson, Milton Erickson, Gary Marshall, Christina Maslach, Paul Sacerdote, & Phillip Zimbardo.) N. Charleston, SC/Chico, CA: Morgan Foundation.

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