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Free and Open Source Software Across the EU 153 Free and Open Source Software Across the EU Gijs Hillenius(a) (a) Journalist, contributor to Joinup DOI: 10.5033/ifosslr.v5i2.90 Abstract Across the EU, there is a groundswe of pu& ic ad'inistrations that use open source for their I() so utions. E!idence of its benefits as we as practica e*a'p es are steadi y pi ing up at the European Co''ission's Open Source O&ser!atory. The areas where this t+pe of so ution can be found most inc ude, in rando' order$ content mana%e'ent ((.S/, document mana%e'ent (D.S/, data&ase app ications, a kinds of on ine e1%o!ernment ser!ices, geo-infor'ation s+ste's (2IS/ and in 'ost if not a pu& ic y pro!ided app ications bui t to use open data. Keywords 3u& ic ad'inistrations; European Union; Joinup; Free and Open Source Software Po icies; i'p e'entations. 6hen it co'es to free and open source software -FOSS/$ 'an+ pu& ic ad'inistrations wi ha!e stu'& ed across it. )hese da+s, their I) dea er te s the' that their proprietar+ s+ste' for 'ana%in% citi7en records wi function 8ust as we with the open source data&ase 'ana%e'ent s+ste' 3ost%res9 $ +et the su&scription fee is 'uch ower than when co'&ined with the pre!ious + re9uired proprietary a ternati!e.1 For others, switchin% to free and open source is increasin% + a conscious decision. )his is because cit+ ad'inistrations such as that of 2er'any's .unich, the Spanish cities :ara%o7a$ ;i &ao and ;ada8o7$ 3ortu%a 's <ieira do .inho, Den'ark's second- ar%est cit+ =rhus, the Dutch cit+ of Ede$ the towns of 2r+%o! and 5ih a!a in the (7ech >epu& ic$ the !i a%e of Ar es in the south of France$ 3o and's 3o7nan and Ita y's ;o o%na are grokkin% open source. )o encoura%e these c e!er pu& ic ad'inistrations, the past few +ears se!era EU 'e'ber states ha!e adopted aws and %uide ines %i!in% preferentia treat'ent to this t+pe of software. A ist of country's with the best po icies on free and open source 'ust be%in with France. It produced a thorou%h re!iew of the benefits of free software$ the so1ca ed ?A+rau t (ircu ar? which was adopted &+ the French %o!ern'ent in Septe'&er 2012. )he circu ar pro!ides a road'ap he pin% 'inistries create their free software strate%y. )he %uide ine ca'e to existence &+ !irtue of the Adu act networ0 of ci!i ser!ants in!o !ed in free software I) de!e op'ent and its 'an+$ 'an+ 1 https://8oinup.ec.europa.eu/co''unity/osor/news/dutch-town-switches1post%res9 1open-source1data&ase Internationa Free and Open Source Software Law >e!iew <ol. 5, Issue " 154 Free and open source software across the EU 'inistries a ready doin% a'a7in% y much with open source." It is thanks to a 9uestion &+ a 'e'ber of France's par ia'ent$ Isabe e Attard -Europe Eco o%+ 1 )he 2reens)$ that we are be%innin% to earn how nor'a open source has beco'e in France's 'inistries. 3 In May, MP Attard as0ed a ministries about their i'p e'entation of the Circu aire A+rau t. Policy Hitparade )his su''er$ the 37 'inistries and 'inisteria depart'ents ha!e s ow + be%un to respond. )heir answers ran%e fro' enthusiast to subdued and downri%ht a oof. One of the 'ore e ectrif+in% rep ies is &+ France's education 'inistry. It re!ea s that it has o!er 23,000 ser!ers &ased on U&untu @inu* that since 2001 are used in schoo s across the countr+ and used for networ0 and s+ste' securit+ as fi e ser!ers, &ac0up ser!ers, for <3C and for ser!in% app ications to thin c ients. )he 'inistr+ itse f has been usin% @inu* ?for o!er a decade?: its ser!ice depart'ents host o!er 4,000 >ed Dat @inu* ser!ers, and ?the OpenOffice and @ibreOffice office suites are wide + used by teachers as a too to work and share with students." Unruff ed, the .inistr+ of Econo'+ and Finance responds to Attard that it has been usin% open source for o!er a decade$ with @inu* now used for 'ost ser!ers and e'ai &ased entire + on open source. )his inc udes the use of these t+pes of so utions on wor0stations: ?;+ 2003, a wor0stations of the Genera Directorate of Custo's and E*cise mi%rated to a free office suite." )he 'ost distant is the .inistr+ of Defence E criticised ear ier this +ear &+ par ia'ent o!er its renewin% of a proprietar+ icence contract$ &+passin% pu& ic procure'entA. )he 'inistr+ curt + e*p ains Attard that it does not distin%uish proprietar+ software fro' free software in its accountin% s+ste's. Software purchases are inc uded in contracts that focus on de!e op'ent$ inte%ration or 'aintenance. )hat 'a0es it hard to e*c ude the purposes fro' the cost of the icences. )he assess'ent is co'p e*$ the 'inistr+ writes, as software is inc uded in so 'an+ e ectronic de!ices, inc uding phones, radios and e!en sate ites. Issues with Interoperability (ontender for first p ace on the ist is Spain. It has appea in% re%ion po icies, such as that adopted &+ the ;as9ue re%ion -see side &ar 'A EU directi!e for future benefits'/. ;ut$ nationa +$ it is the >o+a Decree 4/2010 on the Cationa e2o!ern'ent Interopera&i it+ Fra'ewor0 that is supportin% open document for'ats and that is e'bo denin% a growin% nu'ber of ad'inistrations. A %ood i ustration is the cit+ of Zara%o7a which is usin% the law to re'ind others that the go!ernment wants the' to use open for'ats.5 )he capita of the autono'ous co''unit+ of Ara%on has been usin% OpenOffice$ a suite of office producti!it+ too s, on a of the city's 3200 3(s since 2007. >ecent +$ :ara%o7a started to a so use @ibreOffice. As Eduardo >o'ero, the I) specia ist eadin% the des0top 'i%ration pro8ect for the cit+ ad'inistration, points out$ since both suites use the Open Document For'at$ there are no interopera&i it+ prob e's between the two. Such issues do arise when co''unicatin% with " https://8oinup.ec.europa.eu/co''unity/osor/news/'inistries1france1detai 1use1and-p ans1free1software 3 https://8oinup.ec.europa.eu/co''unity/osor/news/'inistries1france1detai 1use1and-p ans1free1software A h ttps://8oinup.ec.europa.eu/news/french-ad!ocac+1%roup1decries1defences1i%norin%1procure'ent1 aw 5 https://8oinup.ec.europa.eu/co''unity/osor/news/spains17ara%o7a1continues1%radua 1switch-open-soure Internationa Free and Open Source Software Law >e!iew <ol. 5, Issue " Free and Open Source Software Across the EU 155 or%anisations that do not support open for'ats, he sa+s. ?6e ha!e to re'ind these or%anisations that there is a very c ear law prescri&ing the use of open for'ats." A side effect of this is that :ara%o7a is pointin% others the way. ?6hen we be%an usin% OpenOffice we were one of the few?$ sa+s >o'ero. ?Cow$ there are 'an+ pu& ic ad'inistrations and co'panies that switched and we ha!e he ped quite a few to ta0e their first steps." An EU Directive for Future Benefits )he European Union shou d start workin% on a directi!e on openness and reuse of software app ications, sa+s SerafFn O co7 Gan%uas, a for'er chief infor'ation officer of ;as9ue (ountry. 2o!ern'ents that switch to free and open source software contri&ute to the econo'+ and i'pro!e producti!it+$ he ar%ues. ?It is a 'ore efficient &usiness 'ode than that of the proprietar+ software industry."H 2o!ern'ents usin% open source create future &enefits -(A3ita EIpenditures)$ as part of their O3erationa EIpenditure$ ar%ues O co7. ?It creates a !irtuous oop between the pu& ic and pri!ate sector$ with a recurrin% pu& ic contri&ution." O co7 aunched his proposa durin% the @i&re Software 6or d (onference$ which too0 p ace in Santia%o de (o'poste a on 18 and 19 October 2012. De wou d prefer the EU directi!e to be &ased on the decree proposed &+ the ;as9ue %o!ernment in Ju + and appro!ed as a po ic+ in Septe'ber that +ear. )hat aw sa+s that a software de!e oped for the go!ern'ent pu& ic y must be made a!ai a& e as open source. )hird co'es Ita +$ which 'ade open source the preferred choice in its Di%ita Ad'inistration (ode in 2012. Dow to co'pare inco'para& e open and c osed source I) so utions; that has been par0ed in a co''ittee that wi , du +$ ta0e its ti'e. In Ma+$ law+er Ernesto Be isario, professor at Uni!ersit+ of ;asi icata in the cit+ of 3otenza$ reported that the discussion in the workin% group is sta ing.
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  • October 2013

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    Issue 25: 3 October, 2013 The IAAP Bulletin The IAAP Bulletin The International Association of Applied Psychology Covering the World of Applied Psychology Volume 25, Number 2013 3 Volume October, Christchurch, New Zealand The Middle of Middle Earth--Wellington, New Zealand In this Issue: Psychology and Africa, Remembering Charlie Spielberger, Members’ Awards, Division News, Thoughts from Middle Earth, Call for Nomination of Fellows, pages pages 1–68 Coping in Difficult Economic Times, ICAP 2014, Commentary and more… Editor: Valerie Hearn, USA Email for submissions: vchearn@comcast net 001-apnl-v25-i3-oc(2.65mm).indd 1 8/23/2013 3:41:11 PM Divisions of IAAP Division 1—Work and Organizational Psychology Handan Kepir Sinangil, President. [email protected] Division 2—Psychological Assessment and Evaluation Thomas Oakland, President. [email protected] Division 3—Psychology and Societal Development Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı, President. [email protected] Division 4—Environmental Psychology Linda Steg, President. [email protected] Division 5—Educational and School Psychology Kit-Tai Hau, President. [email protected] Division 6—Clinical and Community Psychology Neville Blampied, President. [email protected] Division 7—Applied Gerontology Florence Denmark, President. [email protected] Division 8—Health Psychology Aleksandra Luszczynska, President. [email protected] Division 9—Economic Psychology Erich Kirchler, President. [email protected] Division 10—Psychology and Law Alfred Allan, President. [email protected] Division 11—Political Psychology Takehiko Ito, President. [email protected] Division 12—Sport Psychology Howard Hall, President. [email protected] Division 13—Traffic Psychology Gerald Matthews, President.