Growing Oregon

Growing Oregon 4th Grade Social Studies Medford School District 549c Created by: Anna Meunier and Sarah Flora Growing Oregon 4th Grade Social Studies Medford School District 549c Created by: Anna Meunier and Sarah Flora Table of Contents

Growing Oregon Unit Syllabus ...... 1 Growing Oregon Unit Objectives ...... 3 Growing Oregon Unit Lesson Plans ...... 5 Print Shop Order ...... 6 Growing Oregon Unit Lessons ...... 7 Growing Oregon Daily Lessons ...... 29 Lesson #1 & 2 ...... Lesson #3 & 4 ...... Lesson #5 ...... Lesson #6 ...... Lesson #7 ...... Lesson #8 ...... Lesson #9-11 ...... Lesson #12 ...... Lesson #13 ...... Lesson #14 ...... Lesson #15 ...... Lesson #16 ...... Lesson #17 ...... Print Shop Black Line Masters ......

Oregon Content Standards Alignment Template—“Hitting the Mark”

Name: Sarah Flora, Anna Meunier

Curriculum Alignment Template for Social Studies (subject area)

Unit Name: Growing Oregon Core Standards: History: 1. Analyze and apply cause-and-effect relationships to a variety of historical issues, events and problems.

History: 2. Analyze and apply change and continuity relationships to a variety of historical issues, events and problems. 4. Interpret historical perspectives through personal, local, state, tribal, national History: and global narratives. Geography: 6. Analyze economic, social, human migration, settlement and distribution patterns.

Civics and Government: 12. Analyze the structure and functions of political parties, interest groups, and the mass media and their effect on the political beliefs and behaviors of citizens.

Civics and Government: 13. Evaluate the contributions of early governments to the development of the modern U.S. government. 17. Examine the structure and functions of the U.S. economy to analyze the Economics: impact of systemic decisions on personal, local, regional, national and global economics. Economics: 18. Examine the interdependence of economic systems and institutions and its effects upon individual, local, regional, national and global decision-making.

Economics: 19. Examine economic growth and use economic indicators to evaluate the condition of market systems. Economics: 20. Explain how changes in economic markets are related to availability of resources, production, distribution and technological developments. Economics: 21. Analyze the allocation of scarce resources through individual choice, market interactions and public policy.

Financial Literacy: 22. Acquire the knowledge and economic reasoning skills to make sound personal financial decisions to meet long- and short-term goals. 23. Understand and apply key concepts of personal income potential, Financial Literacy: risk management and investment. Financial Literacy: 24. Examine individual responsibility and the impact of decisions on personal, local, regional, national and global economies.

Unit Syllabus State Standards Covered

Know examples from Oregon history tha t 4.2 : Explain how key individuals and

demonstrate opportunity costs and events influenced the early growth and benefits. changes in Oregon. Lessons #1-#17 Understand the concept of supply and demand in relation to the Gold Rush 4.3: Give examples of changes in economy. Oregon’s agricultural, industrial, political and business development over time. Lesson #17

Unit Syllabus State Standards Covered Understand the process of earning, saving, spending, budgeting and record 4.6: Create and evaluate timelines that keeping in money management. show relationships among people, events, and movements in Oregon history. Identify areas of Oregon settlement. 4.10: Compare and contrast varying Explain past and present settlement patterns of settlements in Oregon, past patterns. and present, and consider future trends. Lessons #3, #4, #16, and #17 Explain the distribution of Oregon cities, past and present. 4.11: Identify conflict involving use of land, natural resources, different political Identify geographic factors influencing views, boundary disputes, and cultural settlement. differences within Oregon and between different geographical areas. Know how Oregon obtained statehood. Lessons #1-#13, #15, and #16

Identify the role of the local community in 4.12: Explain how people in Oregon have the history of Oregon. modified their environment and how the environment has influenced people’s lives. Lessons #1-#13, #15, and #17

4.15: Describe and evaluate how historical Oregon governments affected groups within the state (citizens, foreigners, women, class systems, minority groups, tribes). Lessons #7, #15, and #16

4.18: Identify key industries of Oregon. Lesson #15

4.17: Analyze different buying choices and their opportunity costs while demonstrating the difference between needs and wants. Lessons #6 and #7

4.20: Describe the sequence of events in given current and historical accounts. Lessons #5 and #15

4.21: Analyze historical accounts related to Oregon to understand cause-and- effect. Growing Oregon Unit

Oregon Content Standards Alignment Template- “Course Overview”

Team Members: Sarah Flora, Anna Meunier

Course Title: Growing Oregon

Course Objective: History Geography Civics and Government Economics Financial Literacy

The learner will:

 Compare and contrast population maps of Oregon from past and present.

 Identify geographic factors influencing settlement.

 Identify contributing factors that lead to the settlement of the Rogue Valley.

 Understand the importance of the great migration West.

 Identify contributing factors that lead to the Gold Rush economy of Jacksonville.

 Understand the concept of supply and demand in relation to the Gold Rush economy.

 Understand the process of earning, saving, spending, budgeting, and record keeping in money management.

 Create a timeline illustrating events from 1840-1860 that led to Oregon statehood. 1843 Wolf Meetings at Champoeg led by Joseph Meek. 1844 James Polk elected U.S. president and claimed “54-40 or fight.” 1846 John McLoughlin and the Oregon Treaty. 1847 Whitmans’ Massacre. 1848 Polk makes Oregon a territory for citizens’ protection. At that time, the settler population and the Native American population were equal. 1848 Gold Rush 1850-1860 Native Americans and settlers were at war because many treaties had been broken. 1850 Donation Land Act and Samuel Thurston. 1851-1856 Rogue Wars. 1853 Washington Territory was carved out of Oregon Territory. 1857 Convention of 1857 1859 On February 14th, Oregon becomes 33rd state.

The learner will:

 List and explain the 2 major problems Oregon faced as a new state. 1. Native American relations. 2. Distance in travel from the East Coast. Growing Oregon

4th Grade Social Studies

Medford School District 549c

Created by: Anna Meunier and Sarah Flora

These lesson plans were written as a guideline to teach Growing Oregon. The lessons in this unit are directly tied to the fourth grade state standards. The print shop order on the following page is for the worksheets needed to teach this unit as written.

Each lesson should take 30-45 minutes.

The section marked “Teaching Tips” was inserted to alert you to potential problems that could arise in each lesson. These are problems that were encountered while piloting this unit.

These lessons are a work in progress. We would like to add and build upon them from year to year. If you find a problem with any lesson, have another way to teach it, or would like to provide feedback, please feel free to contact us: [email protected] or [email protected]

Abbreviations Key

OH Overhead WS Worksheet TE Teacher’s Edition

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Publication Print shop Order for worksheets needed to teach map unit.

Number of Page # Color Hole punched Back to Back Stapled Overhead copies Needed needed WS #1 (T Chart)   WS #2 (Table Rock Green Index  Stapled in a  City Ledger) Cover booklet WS #3 (Table Rock   City Mercantile) WS #4 (End of an Era)    WS #5 (Statehood White Index   Time Line) WS #6 (Oregon   County Populations)

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Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration Before beginning this lesson, Map of Table make a classroom wall map of Rock City 1852 Table Rock City using an OH#1 overhead and Map of Table Rock City, OH#1. Have the map Ledger laminated to last longer. WS#2

Have Ledger WS#2 printed into Beaver Bucks booklets. The masters are set up TE#6 to run back-to- back and stapled down the middle using letter- sized paper.

Have the Beaver Bucks TE#6 printed and cut for the simulation. Have them copy the Beaver Bucks back-to- back and print each denomination in a different color.

1-2 Understand Display the overhead, United United States, For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: the States, 1841: Formation of 1841: studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu importance of Oregon Territory. Discuss that Formation of Choose: the great this was how the United States Oregon • United States, 1841 Map migration looked in 1841. Territory OH West. “We now know what was Book Pages happening in North America from the during 1844. Americans were History of the expanding their land claims by Rogue Valley settling the Oregon Territory. TE#1

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Now let’s find out what was happening in the Rogue Valley during this time.”

“Who were the first people to settle the Rogue Valley?” Native Americans. They had been here thousands of years before the first white people arrived.

“Who were the first white people to arrive in Oregon?” Explorers and fur traders.

“Let’s back up and review what was happening here in the Rogue Valley before the pioneers arrived.”

Pass out a page of the History of the Rogue Valley to each student. Have them read the text on their page. Review how to find the main idea from a text. Direct students to draw a simple black- line picture depicting the main idea, the event, or a detail of what happened in their text. This black-line picture will be simple and used as a “coloring book” type of drawing. Have students put their name on their drawing and turn them in.

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Put the pages back in order and have them copied front to back to create a book for each student.

Once the books are constructed, read and discuss the book together as a class. The students can go back and color any pictures they like. The information in the book is the most important part of the lesson, not the coloring.

3-4 Identify Display the overhead, United United States, For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: geographic States, 1841: Formation of 1841: studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu factors Oregon Territory. Discuss that Formation of Choose: influencing this was how the United States Oregon • United States, 1841 Map settlement. looked in 1841. Ask how most of Territory OH Oregon’s early population got to • Topography Oregon (Oregon Trail). Topography OH • Growth of Ashland and Medford Review with the students why the Growth of pioneers travelled to Oregon: Ashland and • Oregon’s Historic Trails and Ghost • Free land Medford OH Towns • Good climate • Good soil T-Chart OH#2 • No slavery • New frontier T-Chart Talking • Claim Oregon for the Points TE#2 United States T-Chart WS#1 Growing Oregon Page 9

Put up the Topography Map of Oregon; discuss how the geography influenced the pioneers to settle in Oregon.

Review the 5 regions of Oregon and the type of land each region offered.

List frontier occupations that would like to live in that region and why.

Identify Display the Growth of Ashland contributing and Medford overhead. Show factors that how the towns have grown since led to the the 1900s. settlement of the Rogue Have the students brainstorm Valley. reasons why pioneers settled in the Rogue Valley. List these reasons on the T-Chart OH#2 on the overhead. Have students copy down the notes on their own T-Chart. See TE#2 for Talking Points.

Have students brainstorm reasons why pioneers settled in the Willamette Valley. Also record the answers on the T- Chart. See the T-Chart Talking

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Points TE#2 for help.

Display Oregon’s Historic Trails and Ghost Towns overhead. Point out the Oregon Trail, Barlow Trail and the Applegate Trail in relationship to the Willamette Valley and the Rogue Valley. Review the Key.

Have students write a paragraph explaining which valley they would have chosen to live in and why.

5 Identify The students will draw an identity Identity Cards Choose the identities needed for the number contributing from the identity cards. Allow TE#3 of students in the class. Some identities factors that students to trade identities if have more information than others. The lead to the they want to. There are only a Pioneer Time simulation can be played even after omitting gold rush few identities available for Line some identities. economy of females. TE#4 Jacksonville. Have each student read his or her Pioneer identities aloud to the class. Identities Remind them that each one of TE#5 these identities was an actual pioneer who lived in Jacksonville Ledger at one time before the 1900s. WS#2

Draw a time line up on the front board with the dates 1851 to 1871, marking each year in between. After students read

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their identity, have them go to the board and put their identity’s name on the time line to indicate when they arrived in Jacksonville, if that information is available. See Pioneer Time Line TE#4 for time line answer key. Pioneer Identities TE#5 lists all of the identities for the simulation.

For this simulation, we are pretending that all of the identities lived in Jacksonville at once starting in 1852.

Have the students attach their identities to the inside cover of their journal. There is a place marked where to attach it. Students choosing land Have the students sit with the wagon train group that they travelled with on the Oregon Trail. The first wagon train that made it to Oregon gets to choose their land first. Draw names from the first train and have them choose land in that order. Give each person two small stick-it notes and have them write their real name on it and their identity © Anna Meunier,2009 name. Each person will choose his or her land. They can

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separate their land and have one in town for a store and one other for their house, or they can put them together and have their properties together. Six stick-it notes should fit in each square block in town.

Have the remaining wagon trains choose their land. © Anna Meunier, 2009

Go to pages 4 and 5 in the Drawing a bird’s eye view journal. Have students draw a bird’s eye view of their property. Have them first orient themselves with the compass rose. Have them write in any street names that border their property.

They must show everything they will need for their land, such as a © Anna Meunier, 2009 house, barn, animal pens, garden, outhouse, fields, orchards, chicken coop, etc. They must think through their needs carefully and draw it on their land, or it does not exist. Their fate may depend on how well they plan.

Have students find their property on pages 6 and 7 of their ledger.

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Have the students write in their land. They can also draw in other student’s land while everyone is picking property.

6 Understand Now that the settlers have their Ledger the process of land, it is time to go shopping at WS#2 earning, the mercantile. Display on the saving, overhead, Ledger Pages #8 and Ledger Pages spending, #9, OH#3. Have students open #8 and #9 budgeting, up their ledger to page #8. Have OH#3 and record each person fill in the amount of keeping in money his or her identity starts Table Rock City money with for the simulation on the Mercantile management. appropriate line. This WS#3 information is listed at the bottom of each identity card. Table Rock City Mercantile Discuss how much money some OH#4 of the different identities have. Also discuss the importance of Beaver Bucks budgeting their money carefully TE#6 because the object of the simulation is to budget wisely, Cash make good investments, and Certificates have the most money at the end TE#7 of the simulation. Also discuss how to take care of their money by keeping it in a safe place. Writing the student’s name on their money is a good way to prevent theft and return lost money. Their name should be

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crossed off when it changes hands.

Hand out Table Rock City Mercantile WS#3. Have them add up all of the food that they must buy. They must buy at least one of each food item to survive. They may choose to buy more than one. Show them how to subtract that amount from their ledger. They do not need to write each food item down, just the total of the food items.

Have the students go through and choose which livestock they would like to buy and how many of each. Show them how to multiply the number of animals by the price to find the total, using the Table Rock City Mercantile OH#4. They must list each animal individually on their ledger (page #8) showing that they own the animals. Each livestock needs to be listed individually because they may be sold and crossed off later.

Each livestock amount must be subtracted and a new total figured out for each item. The

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livestock they choose could affect the fate of their family later on.

Have the students shop and buy tools the same way. Each item has to be listed in the ledger individually, or they do not own it.

Once students are finished buying their supplies and their animals, they may not buy or sell anything without permission from the teacher. It is up to them to made good choices now.

Once they have finished with their purchases, give them the amount of cash they have left over in their ledger. Pay them with Beaver Bucks TE#6. Use Cash Certificates TE#7 for larger amounts of money. These Cash Certificates can be cashed in at anytime for cash and will still count toward the money they make at the end of the game. It is just an easy way not to have to print a lot of Beaver Bucks. Each student will need some cash to play the simulation.

During the rest of the simulation,

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the students must continue to record each financial transaction in their ledger to show where they are spending their money and how they will earn their money. At the end of the game, the cash on hand and the amount in their ledger should match. If it does not match, the student must go with the lowest total. This also helps prevent theft and helps the students keep track of their money and purchases.

7 Understand Remind the students that the Ledger Pages Website about tinsmithing that may be the concept of goal of the simulation is to make #8 and #9 needed for an Internet search for one of the supply and money in the new settlement. In OH#3 fates on page 3. demand in order for this to happen, the relation to the economy has to move money Fates www.allairevillage.or/Buildings/Tinsmith gold rush around the town. OH#5 economy. Have each person create a sign Understand for his or her business using a the events tent-folded piece of construction from 1840- paper. The sign will be used 1860 that lead during the Fates portion of the to Oregon simulation. statehood. Brainstorm ideas to have on the business sign like using the character’s name in the business, drawing pictures of the tools that the occupation uses, or creating a

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brand for their animals using their character’s initials.

With each fate, the students must keep track of how they make or lose money in their ledger. Remind the students when they pay for something it is subtracted from their ledger, and if they make money, it is added to their ledger. With each fate, show the students how to do this using the ledger pages #8 and #9, OH#3.

Also remind the students that the following fates are true and actually happened in the town of Table Rock City.

The fates that include any of the businesses located on the map…Chinese laundry, Bella Union, etc. are operated by the teacher and the teacher collects all the money for these businesses. The teacher will also act as the tax collector when the time comes.

Mary Harris does not have an occupation listed on her identity. Have her think of her own

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business to open or think of a way to make money. You may want to ask other citizens of Table Rock City if they would like to hire her. If they do, they must come up with the money to pay her a fair wage. This promotes several interesting discussions. If someone does hire her, include your own fate where the business earns extra money or produces more goods with the extra help.

Put up the Fates OH#5. Unveil fates one at a time. After reading each fate, have the students exchange money and record their transactions in their ledger so that their cash and ledger amounts always match.

Do as many of the fates in the time allotted.

8 Understand Gold Rush! Large the concept of On the second day of the Container supply and simulation, have all students pan demand in for gold. You can do this by Gold Pan relation to the setting up a large container with gold rush sand and water. Hide 5-6 pieces Gold Pyrite economy. of gold pyrite in the sand. Gold pyrite can be purchased cheaply Water from the Crater Rock Museum in

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Central Point. Brass BBs will also Cones to keep work for gold. the students back Draw names to see who pans for gold first. Let each student pan Minute timer for one minute, miners get to pan for two minutes. If the students find gold, pay them $200-$500, depending on the size of the nugget. © Anna Meunier 2009 Do not show them the nugget beforehand. The anticipation and excitement of what they are looking for will feed the gold fever.

Discuss gold fever as the lesson goes along. Ask the students who have already gone if they would like a second chance to pan for © Anna Meunier 2009 gold. Discuss the feelings of gold fever.

When the students complain about the cold water, their back hurting or how heavy the pan is, discuss how the miners spent all day bent over a pan, standing in freezing water wearing worn-out, worthless boots. No neoprene hip waders in those days!

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As students complain about waiting their turn, remind them that the miners who came first had the best chance of finding gold, but eventually, the gold ran out as the miners mined. Do not tell them how much gold is in your mine. Discuss how this was a chance and a reality that the original miners had to deal with, not everyone found gold.

If the supplies for this activity are hard to come by, you can also paint 4-5 rocks gold and put them © Anna Meunier 2009 in a container with other plain rocks. Instead of panning for gold, have the students reach in and draw a rock to see who finds gold.

You could also use folded paper, a few yellow construction pieces of paper and the rest brown.

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9-11 Continue on with the Fates from Fates Lesson #7 until all of the fates OH#5 have been played. 12 Once the fates have all been End of an Era played, it is time to cash out and OH#6 see how each pioneer did in the simulation making money. End of an Era Display the End of an Era OH#6. WS#4 Show the students how to figure out how much their land is now Certificate worth. There are four places for TE#8 land instead of only two places in case someone purchased extra land during the auction. Have each person figure out how much his or her land and livestock is worth. Have them record that amount in the box in the bottom right-hand corner of the End of an Era WS#4. Have the students count up all of their cash and make sure it matches the final amount in their ledger. If there was a mistake made, or they have lost some of their money, they must use the lower of the two amounts. Have them record this amount in the box in the lower right-hand corner. Total all three amounts to see which student made the most money. Be sure to have James Cluggage subtract Growing Oregon Page 22

the $98,000 from the beginning of the game to make it fair for all of the students playing. The student with the highest grand total wins the simulation. You can make a certificate for that person using TE#8.

Discuss the different amounts of money that people had at the end of the game. What good choices did they make and what poor choices did they make? If they had it to play again, what would they do differently?

Have the students complete the rest of the End of an Era WS#4 by answering Questions 1-7.

13 Pass out “The Rest of the Story” Identity TE#3 portion of the Identity TE#3 to the appropriate students and have them read them aloud to the class. Have them staple the “Rest of the Story” to page #3 of their ledger. 14 Plan a fieldtrip to Jacksonville. The Use The Jacksonville Story Jacksonville pamphlet to visit the houses of Story pamphlet the settlers from the simulation. Have the students take their Jacksonville ledger with them and have them Historical Growing Oregon Page 23

read “The Rest of the Story” for Cemetery each settler’s house that you pamphlet visit. Use the Jacksonville Historical Cemetery pamphlet for a cemetery tour of the settlers buried in the cemetery. This fieldtrip will take an entire day, including lunch at Doc Griffin Park. 15 Create a Begin by cutting out the events Statehood This activity can be done with partners timeline that took place on the Statehood Timeline working together. illustrating Timeline WS#5 and put them in WS#5 events from order. The first year should be Step #1 1840-1860 1840 and the last year 1860. Statehood that lead to Read the events that took place Timeline Oregon’s with the students. OH#7 statehood. Hand out the butcher paper. The Butcher paper following steps can be very for each © Anna Meunier, 2009 confusing; it is best to do each student step together, as a class. Have (approximately. students use a pencil because 3’ by 1.5’) Step #2 they may need to erase errors.

Glue stick Step #1: Fold the paper in half lengthwise (hot dog) to create Colored pencils the crease that the students will trace over creating the timeline.

Step #2: Have the students use a © Anna Meunier, 2009

pencil to trace the crease, creating the timeline.

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Step #3: Have the students fold the timeline in half the other way, widthwise (hamburger). Have students hold it above their heads once they are done. Check to make sure everyone folded it correctly.

Step #4: Have the students fold the paper in half again in the same direction, and once again, hold it over their heads once that is done.

Step #5: Have the students fold the paper in half two more times in the same manner and hold it over their head when they are done. This insures that they are folding it correctly with the right number of folds (4).

Step #6: Open the paper and show the students how to make a pencil mark on the timeline where each crease is. This is the benchmarks of where the time is Step #7 labeled.

Step #7: Label each benchmark using the mini-sample timeline at

the very end of WS#5. The first © Anna Meunier, 2009 and last date for the time line will

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be at the edge of the paper.

Step #8: Discuss how the timeline shows the events that have happened in the span of 16 years. Show the students how to locate where each event blurb should be placed on the timeline. Some of the blurbs happen consecutively so the blurbs need to be staggered on each side of the line. Have the students place each blurb on the timeline before gluing them on to make sure they are correctly spaced.

Step #9: Glue the event blurbs onto the timeline.

Step #10: Have the students draw pictures for the events.

Step #11: Finish the project by having the students write a title for the timeline: Oregon Statehood. Have students write their name below the title.

Step #12: Discuss the timeline and the events that happened. 16 List and Show the United States 1859 OH United States For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: explain the map. Brainstorm and discuss 1859 OH studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu two major some of the problems that Choose:

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problems Oregon had to face as a new Native • United States 1859 Oregon faced state. American as a new • The distance from the Shrinking Land state. rest of the country. OH#8 (Discuss how long news took to get there and the Pony Express.) • Native American Relations (Display Native American Shrinking Land OH#8) • Slavery (Oregon being a free state, but not allowing African Americans to live in the state.)

Have the students choose one of the problems from the list and explain what the problem was and write some ideas on how to fix the problem.

17 Compare and Display and discuss the Counties Counties and For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: contrast the and County Seats OH. Point out County Seats studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu population of that this is what Oregon looks like OH Choose: Oregon from today. Oregon is split up into • Counties and County Seats past and several counties with a county Population • Population present. seat. The county seat serves as Map OH the place where all of the county administration and offices are. It Oregon County is usually the largest city in the Population county. WS #6 Growing Oregon Page 27

Locate Jackson County on the map. It was created in January of Oregon County 1853; at that time, Jacksonville Population was the largest city and the TE#9 county seat. Oregon County Display and discuss Population Population OH#9. Locate your town and Graph and Map figure out the population OH#9 according to the map. This map is present day, what would it have looked like in 1900?

Handout Oregon County Population WS#6. Explain to students how to create a line graph. Have students complete the worksheet.

Display Oregon County Population Graph and Map overhead OH#9.

Show the students where each county is located on the map. Brainstorm reasons why some counties have better growth than others. Compare and contrast the trends displayed on the graph.

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Facts: • Clackamas has the largest population in Oregon. • Jackson County has only the sixth largest population in the state.

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Have Ledger WS#2 printed into Beaver Bucks booklets. The masters are set up TE#6 to run back-to-back and stapled down the middle using letter- sized paper.

Have the Beaver Bucks TE#6 printed and cut for the simulation. Have them copy the Beaver Bucks back-to-back and print each denomination in a different color.

Growing Oregon

k e re OH#1 C n

Gold Terrace Jackso

1852

Miner’s Way City

Table Rock Cemetery

Cem

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St. Andrews

“D” St.

“C” St. Barber

Bella Union Saloon Laundry Chinese California St.

Blacksmith Horse Livery Livery Horse Miller’s Gunsmith

Main

St.

Main St.

o Grist Mill

g Pi e ne St.

Pine St. Pine St.

h h t c u ul G So h ic R

Rogue Valley Willamette Valley

WS#1 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Table Rock City Ledger

Student Name: ______

WS#2 Identity: ______

Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Attach your identity here.

Total:

Page 2 Page 19 WS#2 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Attach “The Rest of the Story…..” here.

Total:

Page 18 Page 3 WS#2 Balance from the last page:

Total:

Page 4 Page 17 WS#2 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page:

Total:

Page 5 Page 16 WS#2

Page 15 Total: Total: Total: Total: Total: Total:

Balance from the last page: WS#2 Barber

Bella Union Saloon Laundry Chinese California St.

Blacksmith Horse Livery Livery Horse Miller’s Gunsmith

Main

St.

Main St.

n o

Grist Mill g Pi e ne St.

Pin Pine St.

h h t c u ul G

So Page 6 h ic R

Cem Gold Terrace Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Cemetery

North Oregon St.

Total:

3rd St.

“C” St. Miner’s Way “D” St. “E” St. Total: Jackso

n C re e k 4th St. Total:

St. Andrews

Total:

5th St.

Total:

6th St. Table Rock Total: City

Page 14 1852

WS#2 Page 7 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Amount of money that you start with: (See your identity)

Food bought from the mercantile: (Subtract this amount from your money) Total: Total:

Total: Total:

Total: (Fill in this total on the next page) Total:

WS#2 Page 13 Page 8 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Balance from the last page: Main Heading

Total: Total:

Page 12 Page 9 WS#2 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Balance from the last page:

Total: Total:

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TE#6 Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $1 $1 $1 $1

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TE#6 Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $10 $10 $10 $10

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Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $10 $10 $10 $10

$10 $10 $10 $10

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $10 $10 $10 $10

$10 $10 $10 $10

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $10 $10 $10 $10

$10 $10 $10 $10

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $10 $10 $10 $10

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TE#6 Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $20 $20 $20 $20

$20 $20 $20 $20

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $20 $20 $20 $20

$20 $20 $20 $20

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $20 $20 $20 $20

$20 $20 $20 $20

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $20 $20 $20 $20

$20 $20 $20 $20

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck $20 $20 $20 $20

$20 $20 $20 $20

TE#6 Beaver Buck Beaver Buck

In Fourth Grade we trust In Fourth Grade we trust

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck

In Fourth Grade we trust In Fourth Grade we trust

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck

In Fourth Grade we trust In Fourth Grade we trust

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck

In Fourth Grade we trust In Fourth Grade we trust

Beaver Buck Beaver Buck

In Fourth Grade we trust In Fourth Grade we trust

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VAVA Uxx~ÅtÇ TE#7 Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 1-2 Understand Display the overhead, United United States, For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: the States, 1841: Formation of 1841: studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu importance of Oregon Territory. Discuss that Formation of Choose: the great this was how the United States Oregon • United States, 1841 Map migration looked in 1841. Territory OH West. “We now know what was Book Pages happening in North America from The during 1844. Americans were History of the expanding their land claims by Rogue Valley settling the Oregon Territory. TE#1 Now let’s find out what was happening in the Rogue Valley during this time.”

“Who were the first people to settle the Rogue Valley?” Native Americans. They had been here thousands of years before the first white people arrived.

“Who were the first white people to arrive in Oregon?” Explorers and fur traders.

“Let’s back up and review what was happening here in the Rogue Valley before the pioneers arrived.”

Pass out a page of The History of

Growing Oregon

the Rogue Valley to each student. Have them read the text on their page. Review how to find the main idea from a text. Direct each student to draw a simple black-line picture depicting the main idea, the event, or a detail of what happened in their text. This black-line picture will be simple and used as a “coloring book” type of drawing. Have students put their name on their drawing and turn them in.

Put the pages back in order and have them copied front to back to create a book for each student.

Growing Oregon

Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon

History of the Rogue Valley

1792-1851

Name______

TE#1

Native Americans lived in the Rogue Valley for thousands of years before the white people arrived. The Takelma were the main inhabitants of the Rogue Valley. The Latgawa band of the Takelma lived in the northern part of the valley. Latgawa means “those living along the river.” The other band of the Takelma were the Dagelma. They were poorer and lived near the Table Rocks and in the southern end of the Rogue Valley around present-day Jacksonville. Dagelma means “those living in the uplands.” 2 TE#1

The pioneers that travelled across the Oregon Trail were not the first white people to come to Oregon. The first white people in Oregon came 50 years earlier. As we have learned, American captain Robert Gray was the first white American to trade with the Native Americans along the Oregon Coast.

TE#1

That same year, British captain George Vancouver found and claimed the Columbia River for Britain. The Americans and the British both claimed the Oregon Territory for their own countries. This claim created a race between the two countries to see who could get the most people in Oregon to settle the land. Each wanted to nudge the other country out of the territory. This struggle between the two countries lasted 20 years.

TE#1

The fur trade companies were the first white people to arrive and live in Oregon. The North West Fur Company represented the British, and the Pacific Fur Company represented the Americans.

TE#1

The Pacific Fur Trade Company built Fort Astoria and began sending fur brigades out to trap beaver, explore the area and to trade with the Native Americans.

TE#1

A fur brigade was a group of people who went out and trapped beaver or traded for beaver pelts with the Native Americans. Fur brigades were composed of 20-30 trappers and their families. Women and children travelled with the trappers and lived off of the land. Each trapper needed at least 4 pack animals to carry everything they needed. All of these people and animals made up quite a large caravan. These fur brigades would go out for four or five months at a time. They would then return to the fort to turn over all of the pelts they had gotten.

TE#1

The two rival companies tried to out trap the other and claim as much land as they could. A year after Fort Vancouver was built, it was sold to the British. John Jacob Astor, the owner of the fort, sold it because of the War of 1812. He didn’t feel that he could protect the fort from the British, so he just sold it to them. The Northwest Fur Company bought it and renamed it Fort George after the British king.

TE#1

Two years later, the British Northwest Fur Company combined with another powerful British fur company, the Hudson Bay Company. This new company needed a new name. They decided to keep the name of one of the companies, the Hudson Bay Company.

TE#1

In 1814, this new British company built a fort in the Willamette Valley. They controlled all of the trapping in what is now known as Oregon and California. American trappers continued to trap the area, but the British had the most control of the land.

TE#1

The British assigned John McLoughlin as the chief factor of the Hudson Bay Company. He was instructed by the governor of the company, George Simpson, to get rid of the American trappers. The governor’s plan was to strip every beaver from every stream, river and pond in all of the land below the Columbia River. By stripping the land of the beaver, the British would create a “buffer zone” that would keep the Americans away from the northern British land claims.

TE#1

In 1826, John McLoughlin finally sent out two fur brigades to trap and explore the Oregon country. One brigade was sent down the Oregon Coast, and the other was instructed to trap down the Snake River and then cut over to the Klamath Mountain region and then back up to the Willamette Valley.

TE#1

The brigade that trapped down the coast was led by Alexander McLeod. His brigade went down the coast until they came to the mouth of a great river. They decided to travel up this river and then head back to the Willamette Valley. While travelling and exploring along this river, they found many signs of beaver. Unfortunately, the Native Americans along this river did not hunt and skin the beaver, so they had no pelts to trade to the trappers.

TE#1

McLeod decided to head back to the fort to report his findings when a local native stole a hatchet. McLeod went to the headman of the tribe and demanded that his hatchet be returned. The thief had fled the area so the only thing the headman could do was to give him a slave from the tribe. McLeod actually kept the slave for a short time to teach the “thieving rogues a lesson”. This is how the river they were travelling along got its name, the Rogue River.

TE#1

McLeod and his brigade continued travelling up the Rogue River. McLeod sent out a scouting party to trap in the area that is today known as the city of Grants Pass. This group was supposedly the first white people in the Rogue Valley. It is believed that they were successful in trading with the Takelma and trapping peacefully in the area.

TE#1

Shortly after that small group left for the Willamette Valley, the other fur brigade that was sent down the Snake River entered the Rogue Valley from the south. This brigade was led by Peter Skene Ogden. (The same Peter Skene Ogden mentioned in the Stout- Hearted Seven.) They came over the Siskiyou Mountains and ended up in what is known today as the Applegate Valley. Peter Skene Ogden was very impressed with the climate and natural beauty of the area. His brigade decided to set up camp and explore the area further.

TE#1

The same day that they set up their camp, Peter Skene Ogden had a visit from a local Native American. The Shasta male entered his tent with a gift of a salmon and a beaver pelt. It was obvious that their tribe trapped beaver because the Native American was wearing clothes made of beaver skins. The Shasta Native American gave Peter Skene Ogden his gifts and told him that the brigade should keep moving and not trap this area because he and his tribe had already taken all of the beaver and there were none left to trap.

TE#1

Ogden and the brigade continued to trap down the Applegate River and soon entered the Rogue Valley. Here, they encountered Native Americans who were not Shasta. These Native Americans acted like they had never seen white people or horses before. This tribe was likely the Takelma.

TE#1

One day one of the trappers was out trapping beaver. He came across three Takelma men. These three men did not like the trapper on their land so they strung their bows with arrows and made it clear that they wanted the trapper to leave. The trapper was afraid he would be shot so he fired his gun and scared the natives away. The next morning, Ogden’s camp woke up to one dead horse and several others wounded. All had arrows sticking out of them.

TE#1

The brigade continued trapping down the Rogue River when another tribe of about 50 Takelma came to them and wanted to make peace. The brigade gave the Native Americans a couple of dozen of buttons. The poor Takelma were just coming off of a long, hard winter and did not have a peace offering to give in return, so they performed a dance for them.

TE#1

As the brigade followed the Rogue River into the Grants Pass area, they came across another tribe of about 100 people. Upon seeing the white men, the tribe ran for the hills with their families and possessions in tow. Later, the brigade was told by an old Takelma man that the Takelma were told that the white men were coming to take Native American slaves, not beaver.

TE#1

After spending three months in the Rogue Valley, Peter Skene Ogden left the area and headed north to Fort Vancouver. As far as trapping beaver went, the trip was not much of a success. The brigade only had about 150 pelts to show for three months of work. Peter Skene Ogden, however, did succeed in laying the ground- work for peaceful interactions with the natives of the area. He had encountered many Native Americans while in the valley and had convinced them that the white people came in peace. This success allowed the Hudson Bay Company to continue to send brigades to the Rogue Valley to trap beaver each year. They were told to treat the Native Americans fairly and not to mistreat them because the furs the natives brought in helped the company to prosper.

TE#1

The trail Peter Skene Ogden blazed over the Siskiyou Mountains soon became a well-travelled road connecting the Willamette Valley to California. White trappers, explorers, cattle herders, and travelers began passing through the Rogue Valley on a regular basis. This began to worry the local Native Americans as they saw more and more white people entering their land. They had heard how the white man liked to move in and take away their valuable hunting and fishing grounds.

TE#1

The Takelma spent the next 25 years harassing and intimidating the people who passed through the valley. The natives felt it was their right to take whatever they wanted from the people passing through their land. The white settlers began to fear travelling through the valley because of the ongoing harassment. If they weren’t stealing from the white travelers, they would try to intimidate them. They did this by waiting until the white travelers set up a nightly camp next to a river. Then the natives would set huge bonfires across the river from them and sing, dance, and yell all night.

TE#1

By 1833, about 250 people had travelled through the Rogue Valley. During that same year, a deadly malaria epidemic broke out in Sacramento and the San Joaquin Valley. This epidemic killed most of the Native Americans in that area. White travelers on their way to the Willamette Valley from Southern California passed through the Rogue Valley. Lucky for the Rogue Valley natives, nobody contracted the disease.

TE#1

Between 1834 and 1850, trouble between the natives and white travelers continued. Ambushes and shoot outs between the Native Americans and white travelers left people angry on both sides. The Rogue Native Americans that were once peaceful now lived up to the name of their river, rouges.

TE#1

In 1837, the first Willamette Cattle Company was formed. This company saw the need for cattle in the Willamette Valley. During the next eight years, the company moved more than 5,000 cattle from California through the Rogue Valley to the Willamette Valley. The Takelma made it very difficult for them by stealing and killing their cattle as they passed through their land.

TE#1

In 1841, the U.S. government sent a survey party to the area between the Columbia River and Sacramento. These scientists were to survey, map and explore the area. Once they reached the Rogue Valley, they were harassed by the Takelma. It was finally decided that an Indian agent was needed in the Rogue Valley to make peace between the Native Americans and white travelers.

TE#1

The only white people actually living in the Rogue Valley at this time were three men who lived in different areas along the Rogue River. These men operated ferries for travelers to get across the river.

TE#1

With all of the settlers pouring into the Oregon country, the British signed the Treaty of 1846 declaring all of the land below Pudget Sound, Washington property of the United States of America. America’s borders finally reached from the East Coast to the West Coast!

TE#1

In 1846, Jesse and Lindsey Applegate made the Applegate Trail. They did this after they had travelled to Oregon on a wagon train in 1846. While rafting down the Columbia River, each man had lost a son to drowning. They wanted to find another way to get to Oregon without rafting down the Columbia River.

TE#1

The Applegates forged a trail from Fort Hall that travelled south and came through the mountains to the east of present-day Ashland. The trail then travelled up through the Rogue Valley and then finally to the Willamette Valley. No longer were just travelers, cow herders, and trappers moving through the Rogue Valley, but settlers looking for land. This further increased the Takelma’s anxiety over losing their land.

TE#1

In 1848, gold was discovered in Shasta River and Scott River. The mining towns of Shasta City and Yreka sprung up overnight. Gold Fever hit the men in the Willamette Valley and they began travelling through the Rogue Valley to get to the gold mine fields of California. During the first three months, two-thirds of the men of Oregon were heading to California.

TE#1

In the spring of 1850, a group of miners were travelling back to the Willamette Valley when they were attacked by the Takelma. The Takelma stole several items from their camp, including several bags of gold dust. The men escaped from the Rogue Valley and headed on to the Willamette Valley. Once there, they convinced retired governor Joseph Lane to help them get their stolen goods back from the Takelma. Lane and several men went to the Rogue Valley to get the miner’s stolen items back and to once and for all sign a peace agreement with the Takelma.

TE#1

Joseph Lane and his party arrived at the Rogue Valley and camped below the Table Rocks. He sent a messenger to all of the bands of the Takelma Native Americans and invited them to have a meeting. Many headmen showed up. Joseph Lane convinced them that the white man’s law now included all of their land and that they must stop stealing and raiding the white people and they must learn to live in peace. In return, the Takelma would be given many gifts and an Indian agent would stay and keep peace between the Takelma and whites.

TE#1

The Takelma were so impressed with Joseph Lane that they accepted and signed the peace agreement. Lane asked the headmen to show their good faith and return the miners’ stolen items. The headmen returned everything that the Takelma had stolen except for the gold. When Lane asked for the gold, the Takelma headmen explained that the thieves had dumped the worthless gold dust into the river because they only wanted the fine leather pouches.

TE#1 Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 3-4 Identify Display the overhead, United United States, For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: geographic States, 1841: Formation of 1841: studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu factors Oregon Territory. Discuss that Formation of Choose: influencing this was how the United States Oregon • United States, 1841 Map settlement. looked in 1841. Ask how most of Territory OH Oregon’s early population got to • Topography Oregon (Oregon Trail). Topography OH • Growth of Ashland and Medford Review with the students why the Growth of pioneers travelled to Oregon: Ashland and • Oregon’s Historic Trails and Ghost • Free land Medford OH Towns • Good climate • Good soil T-Chart OH#2 • No slavery • New frontier T-Chart Talking • Claim Oregon for the Points TE#2 United States T-Chart WS#1 Put up the Topography Map of Oregon; discuss how the geography influenced the pioneers to settle in Oregon.

Review the 5 regions of Oregon and the type of land each region offered.

List frontier occupations that would like to live in that region and why.

Growing Oregon

Identify Display the Growth of Ashland contributing and Medford overhead. Show factors that how the towns have grown since lead to the the 1900s. settlement of the Rogue Have the students brainstorm Valley. reasons why pioneers settled the Rogue Valley. List these reasons on the T-Chart OH#2 on the overhead. Have students copy down the notes on their own T- Chart. See TE#2 for Talking Points.

Have students brainstorm reasons why pioneers settled in the Willamette Valley. Also record the answers on the T- Chart. See the T-Chart Talking Points TE#2 for help.

Have students write a paragraph explaining which valley they would have chosen to live in and

Growing Oregon

Rogue Valley Willamette Valley

OH#2 Rogue Valley Willamette Valley

The Willamette Valley was First place people settled filling up. before there was an Oregon Trail. Pioneers needed to look elsewhere for free land. In 1824, Dr. John McLoughlin was the chief factor for the The Rogue Indians were killed Hudson Bay Company at Fort or sent to reservations. Vancouver. Fort Vancouver was By 1856, the government forced located across the river from the Native Americans off their present-day Portland. The land and onto reservations far company was started to trade away from the Rogue Valley. The furs for supplies with the land was deemed safe for mountain men and trappers. In inhabiting. 1840, John McLoughlin left the Hudson Bay Company and The Applegate Trail opened. opened a store in Oregon City. In 1843, Jesse, Lindsay and This became the last stop on the Charles Applegate travelled Oregon Trail. Many weary across the Oregon Trail with their pioneers settled here. families. Two of their children Jason Lee, a Methodist drowned during the raft trip down missionary, established a mission the Columbia River. They in 1843. The mission was set up decided to find a better route for on the Willamette River. He was the end of the Oregon Trail where sent to educate the Native people did not have to load their Americans. Instead, he was one wagons and families on a raft. In of the men who spearheaded the 1848, the Applegate Trail opened. Oregon Territory becoming part of From Fort Hall, the pioneers America. His mission closed one could veer off southwest, travel year later. through today’s state of Nevada and then cross back up into TE#2 Rogue Valley Willamette Valley

Oregon, landing the pioneers in It was at the “end” of the the Rogue River Valley. Oregon Trail. 1848 Gold Rush. The Oregon Trail was used from 1841-1869. The Willamette In 1848, gold was discovered at Valley was considered the end of Sutter’s Fort. Many of the men the trail. Many poor, exhausted living in the Willamette Valley pioneers settled here. struck out to find gold. In 1851, gold was discovered at Gold Lots of people settled there Gulch in Southern Oregon. This because there were safety in brought on another gold rush to numbers. the Rogue Valley. The Native Americans in this area Transportation was available. had already been pushed out of the area for pioneers to settle Transportation improved by stage safely. Many had already died coach lines connecting California from white man’s diseases. to the Willamette Valley. Also, the wilderness was a The Climate. dangerous place to be without The climate was perfect for other people around to assist one growing many crops. another. The Mills. The Willamette Valley became a center for trade and commerce. With so many rivers, mills that used water power cropped up The valley was located near the everywhere. The first were Columbia River. This river was lumber and wheat mills. part of the trade route and brought supplies to the pioneers The Railroads. that they couldn’t grow, make or In the 1880s, the railroad trade. The next closest place to

TE#2 Rogue Valley Willamette Valley connected Southern Oregon with get supplies was Crescent City, the West. With the improving California. transportation, Southern Oregon The climate and rich soil was could send out their wood, wheat perfect for farming. and woolen products.

Free Land Free Land The Donation Land Act of 1850 gave 320 acres of land to a single The Donation Land Act of 1850 male, or 640 acres to a married gave 320 acres of land to a single couple FREE! The only provision male, or 640 acres to a married was that they had to cultivate the couple FREE! The only provision land for 4 years. This drew was that they had to cultivate the thousands of poor farmers over land for 4 years. This drew the Oregon Trail, scrambling to thousands of poor farmers over claim their free land. the Oregon Trail, scrambling to claim their free land. By 1854, the Donation Land Act ended, but land was still cheap. By 1854, the Donation Land Act A person could by an acre of land ended, but land was still cheap. for $1.25 or half an acre for A person could by an acre of land $0.51. for $1.25 or half an acre for $0.51.

TE#2 Rogue Valley Willamette Valley

WS#1 Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 5 Identify The students will draw an identity Identity Cards Choose the identities needed for the number contributing from the identity cards. Allow TE#3 of students in the class. Some identities factors that students to trade identities if have more information than others. The lead to the they want to. There are only a Pioneer Time simulation can be played even after omitting gold rush few identities available for Line some identities. economy of females. TE#4 Jacksonville. Have each student read their Pioneer identities aloud to the class. Identities Remind them that each and TE#5 everyone of these identities were actual pioneers that lived in Ledger Jacksonville at one time before WS#2 the 1900s.

Draw a time line up on the front board with the dates 1851 to 1871, marking each year in between. After students read their identity, have them go to the board and put their identity’s name on the time line to indicate when they arrived in Jacksonville, if that information is available. See Pioneer Time Line TE#4 for time line answer key. Pioneer Identities TE#5 lists all of the identities for the simulation.

For this simulation, we are pretending that all of the

Growing Oregon

identities lived in Jacksonville at once starting in 1852.

Have the students attach their identities to the inside cover of their journal. There is a place marked where to attach it. Students choosing land

Have the students sit with the wagon train group that they travelled with on the Oregon Trail. The first wagon train that made it to Oregon gets to choose their land first. Draw names from the first train and have them choose land in that order. Give each person two small stick-it notes and have them write their © Anna Meunier,2009 real name on it and their identity name. Each person will choose his or her land. They can separate their land and have one in town for a store and one other for their house, or they can put them together and have their properties together. Six stick-it notes should fit in each square block in town. © Anna Meunier,2009

Have the remaining wagon trains

choose their land.

Go to page 4 and 5 in the journal.

Growing Oregon

Have students draw a bird’s eye view of their property. Have them first orient themselves with the compass rose. Have them Drawing a bird’s eye view write in any street names that border their property.

They must show everything they will need for their land, such as a house, barn, animal pens, garden, outhouse, fields, orchards, chicken coop, etc. They must think through their needs © Anna Meunier,2009 carefully, and draw it on their

land or it does not exist. Their

fate may depend on how well

they plan.

Have students find their property on page 6 and 7 of their ledger. Have the students write in their land. They can also draw in other student’s land while everyone is picking property.

Growing Oregon

TE#3 Name: Mary Ann Harris Mary Ann Harris Birth Date: December 25, 1820 The rest of the story… Birth Place: John S. Love’s mother, Margaret, died in Information: 1859. She was the first person buried in the cemetery. There was no road leading to Mary Ann and George Harris had two the cemetery, so she was carried up an old children, Ann Sophie and David. They lived Indian trail. Her tall marble monument on a homestead in Grave Creek Hills. George was shipped around Cape Horn from Italy Harris made enemies of the Indians and a and came overland by freight from Crescent war party attacked the homestead on October City. 9, 1855. George Harris was killed and Sophie was injured. David, the son, was sent for Five years later, Mary’s daughter, help but was never heard from again. Mary Sophie, married John Love, who was a Ann Harris single-handedly held off the prominent Jacksonville businessman. The attack for more than five hours by reloading couple had four children but they died of the family’s three guns, and by changing illness a few years later. Mary Ann Harris position within the house to give the ended up taking care of her three impression that several people were firing grandchildren. guns. Mary Ann Harris later married Aaron Mary Ann and Sophie later moved to Chambers, but according to custom, was Jacksonville. buried with her first husband, George Harris. The couple is buried in the Love

family plot at the Jacksonville Cemetery. Occupation:

TE#3 Name: John (Johannes) Bilger John (Jonannes) Bilger Birth Date: July 31, 1831 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Wurttemberg, Germany When John Love died, Bilger expanded Information: the merchandise of their tin smith store to include all kinds of hardware and farming John Bilger was a prosperous hardware tools. He became a very prosperous merchant in Jacksonville. He was the richest hardware merchant in Jacksonville, and the man in town. richest man in town. Family John died from cholera in 1877 at the Wife: Amanda age of 46. He was buried in plot #468 and Sons: John , Henry, and Louis his monument was made of Italian marble that cost $1,200. A similar monument Daughter: Lucy. today would cost about $25,000.

Amanda took over the hardware Occupation: Merchant store, and then became business partners with a Mr. Maegly. They began manufacturing farming equipment, and by Amount of money to start with: $750 the mid-1880s, Bilger & Maegly was one of the leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery in Jacksonville.

TE#3 Name: Jean St. Luc DeRoboam Jean St. Luc DeRoboam Birth Date: 1829 The rest of the story… Birth Place: France In 1873, DeRoboam married Henrietta Information: Schmidling. She was a widow with two children and had been left well off DeRoboam married Mary Conquaire in financially by her first husband. France and had three children. Following his wife’s death in 1870, he emigrated to the U.S. After the death of his sister, DeRoboam and settled in Jacksonville with his three was appointed administrator of her estate. children. He remodeled the U.S. Hotel, and even added a skating rink! Unfortunately, he DeRoboam’s sister was Madame Jeanne lacked the business instincts of his sister. DeRoboam Holt. He assisted her with her The hotel went into foreclosure and hotel operations when he arrived in 1871. DeRoboam’s wife was the highest bidder at Occupation: Hotel Operator the auction. She used $4,325.00 of her inheritance to buy back the hotel. Amount of money to start with: $200 After Henrietta died, DeRoboam quarreled with her son over the ownership of the hotel. In 1915, the county took over the ownership of the hotel for unpaid taxes. .

TE#3 Name: John S. Love John S. Love Birth Date: May 10, 1830 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania John Love helped lay out the town Information: during its infancy. He married Ann Sophia Harris on February 23, 1860. The couple John Love immigrated to Oregon in 1853, had four children. settling in Jacksonville. He built a house on the corner of Third and C streets. He was a Love died in 1867 from tuberculosis. His town trustee and a leading figure of the wife and daughter Maggie died within days community. of each other in the small pox epidemic of 1868-1869. The remaining children were

raised by grandmother Mary Ann Harris Occupation: Tinsmith Chambers. John S. Love was instrumental in the Amount of money to start with: $400 formation of the Jacksonville Cemetery. When his mother Margaret died in 1859, the cemetery was not officially open. He received special permission to bury her there, and she was the first person buried in the Jacksonville Cemetery. There was no road up the hill, and she was carried up an Indian trail. He ordered her a tall marble monument from Italy. It was shipped around Cape Horn and then came overland by freight from Crescent City, California.

TE#3 Name: Kasper Kubli Kasper Kubli Birth Date: August 1, 1830 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Switzerland Kasper Kubli sent the first $1,000 Information: dollars he earned back to his parents in Switzerland to help raise his younger Kasper Kubli was the first of his Swiss brothers and sisters. He later sent more family to immigrate to America. He arrived money to bring two of his brothers to in Jacksonville in 1853. He initially engaged Oregon. in mining and then joined follow countryman Peter Britt in running pack mule trains Kubli became a rancher, a merchant, between Jacksonville and Crescent City, and a politician. He farmed and raised California. This was called “mule skinning”. livestock in the Applegate Valley, where he bought a lot of land. He also became a

prominent Jacksonville merchant running a Occupation: Miner and mule pack train hardware store until his death. He was operator (mule skinner) active in politics and was elected Jackson County treasurer two times. Amount of money to start with: $150 He was a grand patriarch of the State Odd Fellows lodge, and when he died on May 16, 1847, he was buried in the Odd Fellows section of the Jacksonville Cemetery.

TE#3 Name: Herman Von Helms Herman Helms Birth Date: August 18, 1832 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Holstein, Germany Herman Helms and his son Edward Information: operated the saloon until 1914. Herman opened a museum of “oddities” in the Herman Helms arrived in Jacksonville in saloon. It had everything from the first gold 1856. Shortly afterward, he entered into a found in Oregon to the rope that hung a business partnership with John Wintjen. famous Indian chief. The old saloon still Together, they opened the Table Rock Saloon. stands today on South Oregon Street. Family Helms’s marriage was arranged within Wife: Augusta the West Coast German community. He Sons: Edward and Harry married his wife, Augusta, the day after they met. Together, they had eight Daughters: Herminne (Minnie), Amanda, children. Matilda, Bertha, Emma, and Anna In 1878, he built the Helms House for his

growing family. It was one of the most Occupation: Saloon Keeper elegant residences in Jacksonville. It is located at 312 South Oregon Street. Amount of money to start with: $400 During the typhoid epidemic of 1968, Minnie Helms, almost 2 years old died. She was buried in front of the house because the cemetery road was closed due to winter conditions. When Helms died in 1899, he was 67

TE#3 Name: Jane Mason McCully Jane Mason McCully Birth Date: March 31, 1824 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Alloway, Scotland By 1853, settlers were pouring into the Information: valley and John’s doctor practice began to thrive. He purchased various properties, Jane was a teacher when she married Dr. including interest in a saloon and dairy. In John McCully in Iowa in 1848. Both were 1858, he built the present-day, McCully ambitious and well-educated. They were House. All of his properties were heavily some of the earliest settlers in Jacksonville. mortgaged and his financial empire John opened a doctor’s office, but it didn’t do collapsed. He owed over $7,500 on all of his very well so Jane became the family wage businesses. McCully snuck out of town, earner by baking bread, cakes and pies for leaving Jane to cope with the debt. From the miners. that day forward, her children were Family forbidden to ever mention his name in her Husband: John McCully presence again. Son: James To earn money, Jane turned her home into a boarding house and continued her Daughters: Mary Belle and Isadora cooking and baking. As soon as she could, she acquired books and supplies and opened Occupation: Baker the first school in Jacksonville. Jane lived in the family house for almost 40 years when she died on June 22, 1899 at Amount of money to start with: $450 the age of 75.

TE#3 Name: Silas J. Day Judge Silas J. Day Birth Date: April 3, 1826 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Maryland In 1870, Silas Day was elected Jackson Information: County clerk. In 1874, he was chosen as county judge and was responsible for having Silas Day fought in the Mexican War. He the Jackson County Courthouse built. The went to California as a soldier during the gold brick building now houses the Historical rush. When his commission ended, he Museum in Jacksonville. became a miner. Family Wife: Mary Son: Silas Daughters: Mamie and Elsie

Occupation: Miner and farmer

Amount of money to start with: $300

TE#3 Name: Uriah S. Hayden Uriah S. Hayden Birth Date: July 8, 1819 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Saybrook, Connecticut In 1857, Hayden became a shop clerk. In Information: 1859, Hayden went to work as a clerk for Cornelius Beekman in his express office and Uriah Hayden’s early life was that of a later in his bank. He kept that position for man of adventure. He was at one time in the the next twenty years. He often managed mercantile business in New York City. He Beekman’s business affairs for months at a was later an officer on a merchant ship time while Beekman traveled. responsible for the ship’s cargo and business dealings. He traveled extensively in the In 1863, he was elected Jacksonville’s southern and western United States. Recorder. He held this position until he died in 1879 of pneumonia. Uriah Hayden sailed from New York around Cape Horn, arriving in San Francisco Hayden is buried in the Beekman family as one of the original “forty-niners”. In 1850, plot. he moved to French Prairie to stake a claim and mine for gold. Two years later, he came to Jacksonville to mine for gold.

Occupation: Miner

Amount of money to start with: $550

TE#3 Name: Thomas F. Beall Thomas F. Beall Birth Date: August 27, 1828 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Maryland Over the years, Thomas and his brother Information: Vinton bought more land and jointly owned 2,550 acres. They became the largest wheat In 1852, Thomas Beall and his brother R. growers in Jackson County. Thomas Vinton Beall made the trip from St. Joseph, became a representative to the State Missouri to Oregon City. They made it across Legislature. the Oregon Trail in one of the fastest times ever, 78 days. The Beall brothers moved to Thomas died on April 19, 1886. He was the Rogue Valley to mine for gold where they 58 years old. claimed land in Central Point using the Land Thomas Beall’s house has been restored Donation Act. Giving up mining, they used and is located on Beall Lane in Central their land to become farmers. Point. Family Wife: Anna Sons: Benjamin, John, Jasper, Fletcher, and Thomas Daughters: Cassandra and Carrie

Occupation: Farmer

Amount of money to start with: $250

TE#3 Name: William Hoffman William Hoffman Birth Date: September 7, 1801 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Baltimore, Maryland While many settlers came to mine or Information: farm, the Hoffmans came to Oregon to marry off their six daughters. The William Hoffman was a successful Hoffmans succeeded in their mission and merchant and politician in Indiana when he each daughter married a prominent came across the Oregon Trail in 1850, with Jacksonville citizen. his wife, Caroline and their six daughters. They came in a wagon train of preachers for Hoffman tried farming before he opened a part of the way. hardware store in Jacksonville. He was also a land agent (realtor) and insurance agent.

He was most successful in politics, where he Occupation: Merchant was elected Jackson County auditor, Justice of the Peace, and Jackson County clerk. He was also appointed a U.S. commissioner. Amount of money to start with: $300

TE#3 Name: William Bybee William Bybee Birth Date: April 20, 1830 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Kentucky William Bybee bought nearly all of the Information: hogs in the Rogue River Valley and “drove” them to the mining camps in California and William Bybee was a hog-drover. He Nevada. He sold them to butchers and bought hogs and would herd them all the way Chinamen. He came back to Jacksonville to California or Nevada where he would sell and reinvested his money in land. At one them. time, he owned more than half of Jackson Family County! Wife: Elizabeth Ann He and his wife had eleven children, but only five survived until adulthood. The Bybee family graves are in the City Plot Occupation: Hog-drover #184 of the Jacksonville Cemetery.

Amount of money to start with: $350

TE#3 Name: William Mason Colvig William Mason Colvig Birth Date: September 2, 1845 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Knoxville, Missouri William Colvig helped build Fort Information: Klamath. He also helped map Klamath, Lake, Harney, and Malheur counties. William Colvig moved to Oregon in 1851. While mapping in the area, his party came As a child, he wanted to be a Shakespearean upon Crater Lake. Miners and explorers actor. He spent time with the local Indians had already documented the lake’s and learned to speak Chinook like a native. existence, but his was the first group to In 1863, he joined the Union Army. Later, reach the water’s edge. Colvig practiced law in Jacksonville. Colvig practiced law in Jacksonville and Family Medford. He was also the district attorney Wife: Adelaide for Klamath, Lake, Josephine, and Jackson counties. Occupation: Lawyer William and Adelaide Colvig had seven children. Their son Vance (Pinto) Colvig

became a cartoonist for Walt Disney and Amount of money to start with: $350 was the voice of Goofy, Pluto, and other Walt Disney characters. He also was the creator of Bozo the Clown. The Colvig house is located at 410 South Oregon Street in Jacksonville.

TE#3 Name: Peter Britt Peter Britt Birth Date: March, 19, 1819 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Switzerland With the money he made from “skinning Information: mules,” Peter Britt bought a state-of-the-art camera and set up a photography studio. When Peter Britt arrived in the United Britt became the best-known and most States he was a portrait artist, popular photographer in the region. He horticulturalist, meteorologist, and took thousands of pictures, including the entrepreneur. In the 1840s, he learned the very first picture of Crater Lake. His new art of daguerreotype photography. In pictures of Crater Lake helped make it a 1852, he crossed the Oregon Trail in search of National Park. gold. Britt briefly tried his hand at mining, but soon realized he could make more money Britt had a number of other profitable “mule skinning”. Mule skinning was running business activities, including real estate, pack mule trains between Jacksonville and mining, meteorology, and horticulture. His Crescent City, California. The mule trains gardens were famous throughout the Pacific carried food supplies and mining tools back Northwest, and he started the Rogue and forth on the difficult 10-day trip. So Valley’s commercial orchard, wine, and Peter Britt and Kasper Kubli pooled their gardening industries. money together to become “mule skinners”. Later in life, Peter Britt married Amalia, a widowed mother from Switzerland. They went on to have three more children of their Occupation: Mule pack train operator own. (mule skinning) Amount of money to start with: $175

TE#3 Name: Minerva Armstrong Minerva Armstrong Birth Date: September 1829 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Virginia Minerva and Robert Armstrong had eleven children in all. Their son, Cornelius Jasper, was the first child born in Information: Jacksonville. Their house is known as the In 1852, Minerva and her husband Robert G.W. Cool House and still stands at 375 traveled from Illinois to Oregon on the East California Street. The Armstrongs Oregon Trail. also owned a farm four miles north of Family Jacksonville. Husband: Robert

Occupation: Farmer

Amount of money to start with: $100

TE#3 Name: Michael Hanley Michael Hanley Birth Date: June 24, 1824 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Marietta County, Ohio The Hanleys raised their large family on Information: the farm. They bought several other pieces of land and built an agricultural empire Michael Hanley piloted a flatboat on the that was operated by the Hanley family for Ohio and Mississippi rivers. When he heard more than a century. about the gold strike in California, he came West, and then followed the “gold fever” to The Hanley Farm can be visited today. Jacksonville. He married Martha Burnett It is owned by the Southern Oregon and bought a Donation Land Claim in Historical Society and is located on Hanley Jackson County for $3,000. He and his new Road between Central Point and wife lived in the log cabin that was built by Jacksonville. the original owners. The Hanleys have two cemetery plots in Family the Jacksonville Cemetery- Masonic Plots 362 and 363. Wife: Martha

Occupation: Farmer and Stockman (raised and sold livestock)

Amount of money to start with: $350

TE#3 Name: James S. Howard James S. Howard Birth Date: April 21, 1832 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Mason, New Hampshire Six years after opening his store, a fire Information: destroyed it. Howard and his wife moved to a place that would later be called Medford. After graduating from high school, James They were among the very first residents. Howard attended an academy where he There he opened a tent store on South Front learned surveying and engineering skills. In Street between 7th and 8th street. Howard 1860, Howard and his wife, Martha, and was also the first postmaster of Medford, its their three children set out for Pike’s Peak. first Wells Fargo agent, and may have been Howard changed his mind and came to the first mayor. He is called the “Father of Oregon. He arrived in Jacksonville with 50 Medford.” cents in his pocket. The family survived on the cattle they had brought with them until Making use of his surveying and work could be found. In 1878, James Howard engineering skills, Howard surveyed the opened up a mercantile business. road from Jacksonville to Medford and the old Highway 99 over the Siskiyou Family Mountains. This stretch of the road is part Wife: Martha of Interstate 5 today. Howard was also a Children: Three special agent for the U.S. Land Office and surveyed nearly all the mining claims in

Southern Oregon. Occupation: Merchant .

Amount of money to start with: $400

TE#3 Name: James Napper Tandy Miller James Napper Tandy Miller Birth Date: October 10, 1826 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Kentucky James Miller was a prominent figure in Information: the Indian Wars of 1852-53 and 1855-56. He also served in the Modoc Wars of 1872- James Miller came West with his parents 73. in 1845. They were part of an eighty member wagon train that reached the Willamette James Miller was a well-known Valley. James married Elizabeth Ann politician who served as a member of the Awberry and moved to Jackson County in state legislature in 1862 and as a state 1854. They claimed 218 acres using the senator from 1866-70. Miller also published Donation Land Act. Miller established a Jacksonville’s second newspaper, The farm and one of the valley’s earliest wineries. Democratic Times. Family Wife: Elizabeth

Occupation: Farmer and winery operator

Amount of money to start with: $200

TE#3 Name: Jacob Ish Jacob Ish Birth Date: June 5, 1823 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Hillsborough, Virginia Jacob Ish became one of the largest land Information: owners in Jackson County. He had more than 5,000 acres of land in the heart of the In 1860, Jacob Ish and his three Rogue Valley. With a background in brothers sold their estates and slaves in farming, Ish was able to turn his fertile Virginia and moved to Oregon. He and his land into one of the best ranches in the wife, Ellen, purchased 320 acres of land about area. He found it very profitable to furnish three miles from Jacksonville and started a food to the government troops at Fort ranch. Klamath and the stage stations along the Family road from Grants Pass to San Francisco. Wife: Jane Ellen Jacob Ish died in 1881 of bronchitis leaving his second wife, Sarah, one of the wealthiest women in the county. Sarah Occupation: Rancher and stockman (raises successfully managed the Ish Ranch until and sells stock) her death in 1906.

Amount of money to start with: $600

TE#3 Name: Hiero Kennedy Hanna Hiero Kennedy Hanna Birth Date: May 22, 1832 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Steuben County, New York In 1872, Hiero Hanna was appointed Information: Circuit Court judge. Attracted by stories of the Pacific Coast Hanna was married three times. Judge and the gold rush, Hanna set out for Hiero Hanna and his last wife lived in the California in 1850. In Placerville, California, Hanna House at 285 South 1st Street in Hanna became a successful miner. Hanna Jacksonville. moved to the Josephine County area where Judge Hanna died July 25, 1910 at the he briefly served as district attorney. He age of 78. He is buried in Plot #141 at the moved to Jacksonville and formally started Jacksonville Cemetery. studying the law. He later opened his law practice there.

Occupation: Lawyer

Amount of money to start with: $700

TE#3 Name: Henry Klippel Henry Klippel Birth Date: December 11, 1833 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Wickenheim, Germany Henry Klippel played an active role in Information: the Indian Wars in the Rogue Valley. He was also one of the people who rescued In 1851, Henry Klippel and two of his Mary Ann Harris and her daughter near brothers traveled across the Oregon Trail to Graves Creek, during an Indian attack. Oregon City. The brothers parted ways and Henry worked on a ferry boat and then drove Klippel continued mining for most of his an ox team to earn money. Henry heard career. He pioneered quartz mining in about the gold found in the Rogue Valley and Oregon and built the first “stamp mill” for moved to Jacksonville. processing ore in Gold Hill. Occupation: Miner Klippel married Elizabeth Bingham and they had six children.

Klippel was active in politics for much of Amount of money to start with: $80 his life. He was elected Jacksonville’s first recorder and later served as mayor. In 1870, he was elected sheriff of Jackson County, and in 1880, he was elected county clerk. When he died in 1891, he was a member of the Medford City Council.

TE#3 Name: Emil DeRoboam Emil DeRoboam Birth Date: December 25, 1849 The rest of the story… Birth Place: St. Foy, France In 1875, Emil married Rosa Schmidling Information: and had four children. In 1884, they moved to Yreka, California. He did very well in After coming to the United States with his Yreka and came back to Jacksonville and father, Emil became a wagon and carriage bought a 642-acre ranch from the Bellinger maker in Jacksonville. land claim.

He obtained the contract for the Jackson Occupation: Wagon and carriage maker County “poor farm,” and for 20 years cared for wards of the county on his farm. He also promoted “Rural Free Delivery,” the Amount of money to start with: $300 delivery of mail directly to farm families. When Emil died on his birthday, December 25, 1922, he was 73 years old. He is buried in Plot #4 of the Jacksonville Cemetery.

TE#3 Name: Colonel John England Ross John England Ross Birth Date: February 15, 1818 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Ohio Colonel John Ross represented Jackson Information: County in the Territorial Legislature and later in the State Legislature. He also orga- Colonel John Ross was a prominent Indian nized the Oregon & California Railroad fighter. He was a brilliant tactician who Company. could speak several Native American languages. During the Modoc Indian Wars, Ross was appointed brigadier general of the Oregon Family militia by the Governor. Ross’s bravery as a Wife: Elizabeth soldier and Indian fighter is documented on his epitaph: “Honor the brave pioneers who planted on the banner another star. They Occupation: Indian fighter sleep but are not forgotten. The veterans of the Indian Wars.” Amount of money to start with: $400

TE#3 Name: David Linn David Linn Birth Date: October 28, 1826 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Guernsey, Ohio In 1860, David Linn married Anna Information: Sophia Hoffman, a daughter of a prominent local citizen. They had seven children. In 1851, David Linn arrived in Oregon. David built a house for his family on the His first stopped was at The Dalles, then he corner of Oregon and E Street. went on to Oregon City, Portland, and then finally in 1853, Jacksonville. He was a David Linn did very well as a carpenter. carpenter by trade. He sold sluice boxes and cradles to the miners, and furniture to the merchants. He

opened the first factory in Southern Oregon. Occupation: Carpenter, sawmill owner His furniture factory made spool beds and coffins. Linn constructed most of the wooden buildings around Jacksonville, Amount of money to start with: $250 including the historic Presbyterian Church. He also did the wooden interiors of many of the brick buildings. Linn also served as a city councilman, treasurer of the county, mayor of Jacksonville, and a state legislator during his life. He died on May 16, 1912 at the age of 86. He was buried in Plot # 410 at the Jacksonville Cemetery.

TE#3 Name: Jane (Jeanne DeRoboam) Holt Jane (Jeanne DeRoboam) Holt Birth Date: 1820 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Bordeaux, France It took George three years to build the Information: U.S. Hotel. Every room downstairs had a fireplace. Upstairs, he built a ballroom Jane arrived in Jacksonville in the late with a stage for theatrical shows. 1850s with her first husband, Charles Langier. By 1860, they had opened the President Rutherford B. Hayes and his Franco-American Hotel on the southeast party of seven stayed at the hotel when he corner of California and Oregon streets. It is visited Jacksonville. not known what happened to her first Madame Holt died on April 14, 1884 at husband, but she married her second the age of 64. She left the hotel to her husband, John Guilfoyle, in 1865. He died brother Jean St. Luc DeRoboam who from “dropsy” in 1872. In 1873, Madame operated it until his retirement in 1909. DeRoboam married her third husband, Madame Holt is buried in the Catholic Plot George Holt, who was a bricklayer. In 1876 in the Jacksonville Cemetery. she purchased the property on California and 3rd streets where Holt built her the brick U.S. Hotel. Family Husband: George Holt Occupation: Hotel operator Amount of money to start with: $700

TE#3 Name: Zany Ganung Zany Ganung Birth Date: February 15, 1818 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Ohio In 1861, when Zany returned home Information: after spending the night and most of the day with a very sick patient, she discovered Zany Ganung was the twin sister of Col. that someone had erected a flagpole flying John England Ross. She came West with her the Confederate flag across the street from husband, Lewis Ganung, in 1854. Lewis her front door. Without saying a word, Ganung was a doctor and Zany was his Zany walked into the house and returned nurse. Friends described Zany as a large with a hatchet. She chopped the flagpole dignified woman who was unusually good- down, untied the flag, and returned to her looking and always wearing a crisp cap with home where she burned the flag. perky lavender ribbons. Zany died on July 14, 1888 at the age of Family 70. She is buried in Plot #92 with her Husband: Lewis Ganung husband, Dr. Lewis Ganung, at the Jacksonville Cemetery. Occupation: Nurse

Amount of money to start with: $450

TE#3 Name: Cornelius Beekman Cornelius Beekman Birth Date: January 27, 1828 The rest of the story… Birth Place: New York, New York In 1875, Beekman began buying the Information: miners gold dust and opened the first bank in Southern Oregon. Beekman also financed Beekman came West across the Isthmus of mining operations, invested in real estate Panama to seek his fortune in the California and sold insurance. He became one of the gold fields. A carpenter by trade, he soon wealthiest men in the region. found that he could make more money building furniture and buildings for the Beekman served as mayor of expanding mining communities. Beekman Jacksonville and ran for governor of came to Jacksonville in 1853 as an agent for Oregon, losing by only 70 votes. For 15 an express company. Three years later, he years, he served as a regent for the purchased the company’s stables and horses University of Oregon. and began his own express company, Beekman operated his bank until his Beekman’s Express. He carried the miners’ death in 1915 at the age of 87. He is buried gold dust, parcels and mail between with his family in Plot #444 at the Jacksonville and Yreka, California. Jacksonville Cemetery. His bank still Family stands today, just like in 1915, at the corner of California and 3rd streets. Wife: Julia Occupation: Owner of Beekman’s Express Amount of money to start with: $700

TE#3 Name: James Cluggage James Cluggage Birth Date: 1818 The rest of the story… Birth Place: Columbus, Ohio By the end of 1852, James Cluggage had Information: his 110 acres surveyed. This land is where Jacksonville now sits. James Cluggage lived in Terra Haute, Indiana where he was a stage coach driver James Cluggage died on May 8,1886 in and opened a store. He moved to California Marysville, Ohio. He was 68 years old. He in 1849 where he began operating a “mule had suffered from a disease called skinning” (pack train) business. He supplied Neuralgia, which meant “Gone Crazy”. goods to the northern California miners. Occupation: Miner

Amount of money to start with: $80

TE#3 Name: John Orth Birth Date: The rest of the story… Birth Place: Bavaria, Germany John and Helen went on to have nine Information: children. John Orth’s butcher business was so successful that he was able to build John was born in Bavaria, where he the two-story brick “Orth Building” on learned how to become a butcher. He arrived South Oregon Street in 1872. He used part in Jacksonville in the late 1860s. of it for his butcher shop and rented out the Family rest. Wife: Helen In 1878, he started buying lots at the corner of 3rd and Main streets. By 1880, construction was completed on the two- Occupation: Butcher story Italian-style villa now known as the Orth House. Amount of money to start with: $200 Orth served several years as a Jacksonville city councilor and a term as Jackson County treasurer. John Orth died in 1890. He is buried in the Catholic section of the Jacksonville Cemetery.

TE#3 Name: B.F. Dowell B.F. Dowell Birth Date: October 31, 1826 Birth Place: Albermarle County, Virginia The rest of the story… Information: In 1857, B.F. Dowell returned to the B.F. Dowell was named in honor of his practice of law. He served as prosecuting great uncle, Benjamin Franklin. After attorney for the State’s First Judicial graduating in law from the University of District and as a United States district Virginia, he came to California in 1850 to attorney. seek his fortune. He became ill with cholera, In 1861, Dowell married Anna Campbell. and the doctors sent him to Portland, Oregon That same year, he built an elegant two- to recover. By 1852, he was back in Southern story brick house on North 5th Street, the Oregon where he became a trader and ran first brick home built in Jacksonville. The pack mule trains to bring supplies for the marble used for the fireplace mantles, porch miners. steps and window sills probably came from Dowell’s own marble quarry. Family For 14 years, Dowell was the owner of The Oregon Sentinel newspaper. It was Wife: Anna the first newspaper in the Pacific Northwest Son: B.F. Dowell, Jr. to support the abolition of slavery and the Daughters: Fanny and Anne first to nominate General Ulysses S. Grant for president.

In 1885, Dowell moved with his family to Occupation: Lawyer Portland, where he lived until his death in Amount of money to start with: $300 1897.

TE#3 Name: Jeremiah Nunan Jeremiah Nunan Birth Date: January 27, 1844 Birth Place: Ireland The rest of the story… Information: Shortly after he married Delia, Nunan As a young man, Jeremiah heard the call and Judge combined their saddlery of the West and he headed out to Oregon. He businesses. Nunan later sold out to Judge reached Jacksonville in 1865, where he so that he and Delia could open a opened a saddle and harness business. In mercantile store. As their business grew, 1872, Jeremiah Nunan married Delia Nunan also invested in farming, mining, O’Grady, the sister-in-law of Henry Judge, and real estate. They became one of the another harness and saddle man. wealthiest local families. Family Nunan served as a city trustee, town recorder and police judge. In 1892, he Wife: Delia purchased the plans for a Queen Anne-style Sons: Edward and Charles mansion from an architect’s catalog. He Daughters: Josephine, Frances (Fannie), had the 16-room house built as a Christmas and Ella Rose present for his wife. It is now known as the Nunan House and is still standing today.

After he retired in 1911, Nunan and Occupation: Saddle and harness maker Delia moved to Oakland, California.

Amount of money to start with: $400

TE#3 Jacksonville Pioneer Time Line

William Hoffman 1850

William Mason Colvig 1851

Uriah S. Hayden, Thomas F. Beall, Peter Britt, Minerva Armstrong, 1852 Michael Hanley, Henry Klippel, James Cluggage,

John S. Love, ,Jane Mason McCully, Colonel John England Ross, 1853 David Linn, Cornelius Beekman, Kaspar Kubli James Napper Tandy Miller, Zany Ganung, John Orth 1854 Mary Ann Harris 1855

Herman Helms 1856

1857

Jane (Jeanne DeRoboam) Holt (Late 1850s) 1858

B.F. Dowell House 1859

Kubli House 1860, James S. Howard, Jacob Ish 1860

1861 1862 John Bilger House 1863

1864

Jeremiah Nunan 1865

1866

1867

John Orth (Late 1860s) 1868

1869

Silas J. Day , Judge Hanna House 1870

Jean St. Luc DeRoboam 1871 TE#4 Pioneer Identities

Mary Ann Harris

John Bilger Jean St. Luc DeRoboam

John S. Love

Kasper Kubli

Herman Von Helms

Jane Mason McCully

Silas J. Day Uriah S. Hayden

Thomas F. Beall

William Hoffman

William Bybee

William Mason Colvig

Peter Britt

Minerva Armstrong

Michael Hanley

James S. Howard

James Napper Tandy Miller

Jacob Ish

Hiero Kennedy Hanna Henry Klippel

Emil DeRoboam

Colonel John England Ross

David Linn

Jane (Jeanne DeRoboam) Holt

Zany Ganung

Cornelius Beekman

James Cluggage

John Orth

B.F. Dowell

Jeremiah Nunan

TE#5 Integration 6 Understand Now that the settlers have their Ledger the process of land, it is time to go shopping at WS#2 earning, the mercantile. Display on the saving, overhead, Ledger Pages #8 and Ledger Pages spending, #9, OH#3. Have students open #8 and #9 budgeting, up their ledger to page #8. Have OH#3 and record each person fill in the amount of keeping in money his or her identity starts Table Rock City money with for the simulation on the Mercantile management. appropriate line. This WS#3 information is listed at the bottom of each identity card. Table Rock City Mercantile Discuss how much money some OH#4 of the different identities have. Also discuss the importance of Beaver Bucks budgeting their money carefully TE#6 because the object of the simulation is to budget wisely, Cash make good investments, and Certificates have the most money at the end TE#7 of the simulation. Also discuss how to take care of their money by keeping it in a safe place. Writing the student’s name on their money is a good way to prevent theft and return lost money. Their name should be crossed off when it changes hands.

Growing Oregon

Have the students go through and choose which livestock they would like to buy and how many of each. Show them how to multiply the number of animals by the price to find the total, using the Table Rock City Mercantile OH#4. They must list each animal individually on their ledger page #8 showing that they own the animals. Each livestock needs to be listed individually because they may be sold and crossed off later.

Each livestock amount must be subtracted and a new total figured out for each item. The livestock they choose could affect the fate of their family later on.

Growing Oregon

Have the students shop and buy tools the same way. Each item has to be listed in the ledger individually, or they do not own it.

Once students are finished buying their supplies and their animals, they may not buy or sell anything without permission from the teacher. It is up to them to made good choices now.

During the rest of the simulation, the students must continue to record each financial transaction in their ledger to show where

Growing Oregon

they are spending their money and how they will earn their money. At the end of the game, the cash on hand and the amount in their ledger should match. If it does not match, the student must go with the lowest total. This also helps prevent theft and helps the students keep track of their money and purchases.

Growing Oregon

Growing Oregon Fourth Grade

Amount of money that you start with Balance from the last page Main Heading (See your identity) Food bought from the mercantile

(Subtract this amount from your money)

Total: Total:

Total: (Fill in this total on the next page) Total: Page 1 Page 1 OH#3 Table Rock City Mercantile 1852

Food # Price Total Tools # Price Flour $3.00 Cross Cut Saw $3.00 Beans $2.00 Pick Axe $2.00 Coffee $1.00 Shovel $1.00 Salt $1.00 Hoe $1.00 Lard $1.00 Metal Plow $8.00 Salt Pork $2.00 10-Gallon Tub $3.00 Sugar $5.00 Bucket $1.00 Eggs $2.00 Hammer $1.00 Butter $1.00 Pitchfork $2.00 Bread $2.00 Vegetable Seed $8.00 Vinegar $4.00 Hay Seed $10.00 Total: Wheat Seed $15.00 Fruit Tree $20.00 Livestock # Price Rope $1.00 Horse $20.00 Cooking Stove $25.00 Daguerreotype $25.00 Mule $10.00 Camera Ox $10.00

Cow $15.00

Pig $8.00

Goat $3.00

Sheep $3.00

Chicken $1.00 WS#3 Table Rock City Mercantile 1852

Food # Price Total Tools # Price Total Flour $3.00 Cross Cut Saw $3.00 Beans $2.00 Pick Axe $2.00 Coffee $1.00 Shovel $1.00 Salt $1.00 Hoe $1.00 Lard $1.00 Metal Plow $8.00 Salt Pork $2.00 10-Gallon Tub $3.00 Sugar $5.00 Bucket $1.00 Eggs $2.00 Hammer $1.00 Butter $1.00 Pitchfork $2.00 Bread $2.00 Vegetable Seed $8.00 Vinegar $4.00 Hay Seed $10.00 Total: Wheat Seed $15.00 Fruit Tree $20.00 Livestock # Price Total Rope $1.00 Horse $20.00 Cooking Stove $25.00 Daguerreotype $25.00 Mule $10.00 Camera Ox $10.00

Cow $15.00

Pig $8.00

Goat $3.00

Sheep $3.00

Chicken $1.00 OH#4 Wells Fargo Bank Table Rock City Oregon Territory ctç àÉ à{x ÉÜwxÜ ÉyM ______7

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VAVA Uxx~ÅtÇ

Wells Fargo Bank Table Rock City Oregon Territory

7 ctç àÉ à{x ÉÜwxÜ ÉyM ______

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Wells Fargo Bank Table Rock City Oregon Territory

7 ctç àÉ à{x ÉÜwxÜ ÉyM ______

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Wells Fargo Bank Table Rock City Oregon Territory

7 ctç àÉ à{x ÉÜwxÜ ÉyM ______

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VAVA Uxx~ÅtÇ TE#7

Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 7 Understand Remind the students that the Ledger Pages Website about tinsmithing that may be the concept of goal of the simulation is to make #8 and #9 needed for an Internet search for one of the supply and money in the new settlement. In OH#3 fates on page 3. demand in order for this to happen, the relation to the economy has to move money Fates www.allairevillage.or/Buildings/Tinsmith gold rush around the town. OH#5 economy. Have each student create a sign Understand for his or her business using a the events tent-folded piece of construction from 1840- paper. The sign will be used 1860 that lead during the Fates portion of the to Oregon simulation. statehood. Brainstorm ideas to have on the business sign like using the character’s name in the business, drawing pictures of the tools that the occupation uses, or creating a brand for their animals using their character’s initials.

With each fate, the students must keep track of how they make or lose money in their ledger. Remind the student when they pay for something it is subtracted from their ledger. If they make money, it is added to their ledger. With each fate, Growing Oregon

show the students how to do this using the ledger Pages #8 and #9, OH#3.

Also remind the students that the following fates are true and actually happened in the town of Table Rock City.

Mary Harris does not have an occupation listed on her identity. Have her think of her own business to open or think of a way for her to make money. You may want to ask other citizens of Table Rock City if they would like to hire her. If they do, they must come up with the money to pay her a fair wage. This promotes several interesting discussions. If someone does hire her, include your own fate where the business earns extra money or produces

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more goods with the extra help.

Put up the Fates OH#5. Unveil the fates one at a time. After reading each fate, have the students exchange money and record their transactions in their ledger so that their cash and ledger amounts always match.

Do as many of the fates in the time allotted.

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1852 In January, 1852, James Cluggage and his partner, James Poole, were running a pack mule train from Scottsburg to Yreka. This job was also called “mule skinning”. Cluggage and Poole went to Scottsburg, Oregon, which was located at the mouth of the Umpqua River. This was the port where ships would deliver goods and supplies to the Oregon Country. Here, Cluggage and Poole loaded their mules with goods and supplies to be delivered and sold to the California miners. This trip from Scottsburg to Yreka took about two weeks. On this particular trip, they were packing their supplies to Yreka when they had to stop overnight in the Rogue Valley. While camped there, two mules were stolen by local Native Americans. Cluggage and Poole followed the tracks south to the unnamed creeks, Rich Gulch and Jackson Creek, where they found the bottom of the creek encrusted with gold. They stayed there and mined their claim for about three months. They claimed that they averaged 70 ounces of gold a day for ten weeks.

Gold was $20.00 an ounce. How much was this mine worth?

James Cluggage, if you can figure out the answer to this math problem in one minute, this is your fate!

$98,000. If you didn’t do the problem in one minute, here is another chance to make this your fate! Solve this problem in one minute:

Gold today is worth 9 times more than it was in 1850. How much would that mine be worth today?

$882,000.

They kept their mine a secret and claimed 110 acres of land. This was the first land patent in what would later become known as Jacksonville. The pair stayed and mined their claim for 3 months. Soon, they headed on to Yreka to buy more supplies and file their gold mine claim. Their good fortune could not be kept a secret for much longer. Two months later, 1,000 other miners flooded the Rogue Valley and staked their own claims. Cluggage and Poole’s claim became a large tent mining camp that had sprung up overnight. Cluggage named this city Table Rock City. 1

OH#5

1852 To make the simulation fair, James Cluggage must give the $98,000 back at the (Cont) end of the game, but he may keep any profits that he makes off of his investments during the simulation. Good luck!

John McCully opened a doctor’s office in Jacksonville, but it didn’t do very well because miners were used to being in pain. So Jane, his wife, became the family wage earner by baking bread, cakes and pies for the miners for $1 each. Each miner or unmarried man must buy a loaf of bread, a cake or a pie from Mrs. McCully. Mrs. McCully...did you buy fruit trees? For each 3 pies sold, buy fruit for $1.00 from someone who has fruit trees.

Cornelius Jasper was the first child born in Jacksonville. His parents were Minerva and Robert Armstrong. Each neighbor that borders their property, whether they are actually touching it or not, must buy a baby gift from a mercantile for $3.00.

Mercantile Appler and Kenny of Yreka built a tent store in Table Rock City. They sold tools, clothing and other very limited supplies. The new business and the many people moving into the Table Rock City area have driven up prices! Time to buy more salt and flour! Buy half a pound of each item from Table Rock City Mercantile or another store for $5.00 a pound.

Merchants: with so many people flooding into town, you need more supplies! Pay a “mule skinner” to make a run to Yreka for more supplies to sell in your mercantile. This will cost you $15.00.

John Love and John Bilger go into business together. They open a tin shop at 150 W. California Street. Each partner must invest $20.00 for tin bought from Table Rock City Mercantile. $10 will be refunded on the next class day if you

2 research and find out how they got tin for the items. Research what items a tinsmith would make. Draw up a price sheet for your business.

OH#5

1852 (Cont) David Linn was a furniture maker. He wasn’t selling very much furniture so he made and sold sluice boxes and cradles to the miners. Each miner must buy a sluice box for $5.00 or a cradle for $3.00. Anyone who dies during the simulation must buy a coffin for $10.00.

H.Sandham, 1883, Library of Congress

June 150 people are now living in Jacksonville, and 1,500-2,000 miners are living in 1852 the surrounding areas of the Rogue Valley. All miners choose a number and roll a die. If your number comes up, you find $50.00 worth of gold on your claim. If you own a sluice box, you double your find!

All miners who have hit a payday by finding gold must pay the Chinese Laundry to wash their filthy clothes. This will cost $5.00. You must also pay for a shave and a hair cut at the barber. This will cost you another $5.00.

Each miner needs to pay C.C. Beekman $3 to carry his gold to Yreka and bring back his cash.

OH#5

1852 Each person who does not own a cow must buy butter from someone who does (Cont) for $1.00.

Each person who does not own chickens must buy eggs from someone who does for $2.00.

Nov. Harsh, deep snows filled the mountain passes and made it impossible for mule 1852 pack trains to get in or out of the Rogue Valley. No food could be brought in and all salt and flour is in short supply. If you have 4 or more people in your family, you must buy salt and flour from a merchant. Flour has doubled to $6.00 a pound and salt has doubled to $2.00 a pound.

Many Chinese boys and men left China to search for gold and make money to send back to their families in China. Several of the Chinese traveled to Oregon from the California gold mines. They lived together in what became known as the Chinese Quarters. The Chinese Quarters were located on the western end of South Oregon Street. The Chinese of Table Rock City mined for gold, took in laundry, and were hired as cooks and housekeepers in homes and hotels. If you are a hotel operator, you must hire help at $6.00 per helper. Other wealthy people may also hire a helper for the same price.

It is spring! If you own 2 animals of any kind, your herd doubles in size. Add them to your ledger. For each horse born, buy a saddle and harness for $5 from a saddle and harness business.

OH#5

1852 Settlers began making land claims on the land set aside for the Takelmas the (Cont) previous year. Stop the fates here and auction off several pieces of land. The buyer that bids on and purchases the land should list the amount he pays for the land on the yellow stick-it note.

Tin Shop is open! Anyone who would like may buy something at Love and Bilger’s Tin Smith Shop!

1853 The population of the Rogue Valley went from 28 to 2,000 in one year! In January, the Oregon Legislature established Jackson County, naming it after President Andrew Jackson. Cluggage changed the name from Table Rock City to Jacksonville. Jacksonville was not named after President Andrew Jackson. It was named after Jackson Creek. Jackson Creek was named by a miner named Jackson, who claimed the creek and the land around it. Cluggage donated land for people to build stores and homes. Jacksonville was named the county seat of Jackson County.

Kasper Kubli sent the first $1,000 dollars he earned back to his parents in Switzerland to help raise his younger brothers and sisters. He later sent more money to bring two of his brothers to Oregon If you don’t have $1,000 to send to your family, then send 10% of your cash on hand.

David Linn took his sawmill to Fort Klamath where he built government buildings and homes for the married officers. David Linn, roll a die, whatever number comes up, multiply it by $10. This is the amount you earned from the government job!

A hog drover bought pigs and drove them to Yreka to sell to the hungry miners. If you are a hog drover, buy pigs from anyone willing to sell them for $8. Take the hogs to Yreka. Roll a die, multiply that number by $8 for the price you get for the pigs. 5

OH#5

1853 Twenty-four-year-old Matthew Kennedy was elected constable, and shortly (cont) afterward, became the first elected sheriff. Everyone must pay taxes for the county services. Pay $2.00 per person in your family to the tax collector!

Spring is here and more farmers are arriving. This is the first full season of planting and harvesting your crops. Each person who bought and planted wheat, hay or vegetable seed may sell the leftovers that they didn’t need on their farm. Wheat: $65.00 Hay: $50.00 Vegetables: $30.00

Each farmer, choose a number and roll a die. If your number comes up, your wagon breaks down and must be replaced. Buy a new wagon from a wagon maker for $25.

It is spring again! If you own 2 animals of any kind, your herd doubles in size. Add them to your ledger.

With so many new settlers arriving and with all of the trouble with the Takelma, the growing community needs a bank. C. C. Beekman of Beekman’s Express opens a bank to protect everyone’s money. Each person pays C.C. Beekman $2 to keep the money safe in his bank.

Colonel John Ross married Elizabeth Hopwood. This was the first marriage in Jacksonville. The ceremony took place at the town pump. This pump can still be seen today at the corner of California and 3rd streets. Their wedding cake was made with bear grease, which was what they used when they didn’t have butter or lard. Mr. Ross, pay Mrs. McCully $5 to bake your bear grease wedding cake.

6 All of Mr. Ross’s neighbors must buy a wedding gift at a mercantile. Mr. Ross, pay Peter Britt $5 to take your wedding photo. OH#5

Spring The Takelma had eaten all of their stored winter food and were having a very 1853 hard time finding food. The miners mining in the rivers clouded the water and the salmon could not be caught. The settlers’ hogs who roamed freely ate all of the acorns. The settlers’ cattle trampled the camas fields. The fences going up blocked the tar weed fields. The settlers killed off many of the deer. This part of the fate is true. The following part of the fate is fictional and did not actually happen:

Angry Takelma strike out and 2 of your livestock are killed. Choose which two livestock perish. Chickens do not count. Each person living on the outer edge of the township must call a coin toss correctly to avoid this fate.

Summer: More settlers arrived and began making land claims on the north side of the Rogue River. This was the land that the peace treaty of 1850 had set aside for the Takelma Native Americans. Not only had the Takelma never received the gifts promised them in the treaty, now their land was being taken. Frustrated Takelma natives began to strike out. This time in history was called the “Rogue River Indian Wars”. Incidents, raids and battles were fought all over the Rogue Valley. The miners and settlers would retaliate by raiding Indian camps. No one felt safe in the Rogue Valley. The settlers and miners built small fortifications around homes and many settlers would stay there for safety. This part of the fate is true. The following part of the fate is fictional and did not actually happen: All properties east of E street choose “odd numbers” or “even numbers”, roll a die. If you chose “odd numbers”, and a one, three or five comes up, this is your fate. If you chose “even numbers”, and a two, four or six comes up, this is your fate. If your number comes up and this is your fate, your barn burns to the ground. If your barn was burned and you have no wood on your property, you must buy wood from someone who has wood for $25.00. Also, pay David Linn to cut the wood using his sawmill for $10. Use this wood to rebuild your barn.

OH#5

Sept. 8 Joseph Lane arrives in Jacksonville. He signs up 2 battalions of volunteers to 1853 help fight the Takelma and temporarily end the Rogue River Indian Wars. If you would like to volunteer to fight the Takelma, sign up with Joseph Lane by writing your identity’s name on the front board.

Volunteers: Choose a number between 1-10. If you guess the number the teacher has written down, you’ve been shot by an arrow and must pay a doctor $10 for treatment.

A peace treaty was signed at Table Rock between the white settlers and the Takelma. After losing people on both sides of the war, each group agreed to stop fighting.

Summer: The Rogue Valley was very hot and dry, and irrigation became necessary. If you have no water on your land, buy “water rights” from the closest neighbor who has water for $10.00. Then pay a lawyer $2.00 to write up the contract.

The miners’ claims began to dry up and they could no longer work their mines. They became restless and became focused on getting rid of the Takelma. They began to break the peace agreement made last fall.

Jacksonville had its first election. Women were not allowed to vote. John McCully was elected the first justice of the peace. John McCully receives $65 for his services. The men all went to the saloon to celebrate. They each buy a drink for $1.00.

Mr. McCully, pay Peter Britt $10 to take your picture on this most important day in history!

OH#5

1853 (Cont) Grant Dedication Ball at the U.S. Hotel. This was a very fancy and important event for the town of Jacksonville. The U.S. Hotel is selling tickets for $2.00 a person to attend the ball. See Mrs. Holt for your ticket.

Mrs. Holt needs to pay her hotel operator and brother, Jean St. Luc DeRoboam, $10.00 for all of the extra work in setting up and organizing the ball.

Mrs. Holt needs wine to sell at her ball. She has to purchase a case for $12 from a winery.

If you bought a ticket from Mrs. Holt and are a woman, buy cloth from a merchant for a new dress for $3.

Mrs. Holt would also like to serve pie at the ball. She needs to buy 10 pies from Mrs. McCully for $10.

The “Ague” sets in on the settlers. The flu-like symptoms include a fever with chills. If you live on Main Street, you have the Ague and must see a doctor. This will cost you $5.

The poor, starving Takelma begin showing up in Table Rock City begging for food. Some are hired as servants. You may hire a Takelma for $10 to help around your house or business.

Time for a picnic! If you live west of Pine Street, buy a fresh ham from your local butcher for $5.

OH#5

Aug. 9 Native American hostilities erupt again. The Takelma burn down a house. 1853 The settler with the house farthest away from the safety of other people has his house burned down. The family must buy wood from David Linn’s sawmill to replace the wood. This will cost $30.00. This settler must also build it quickly by having all of his neighbors come over for a house raising. He must buy a roast from the butcher for $5.00 to feed all of his hungry neighbors.

Lt. Bradford Alden arrived in Jacksonville with 90 soldiers. 200 Jacksonville volunteers joined the small army. If you would like to volunteer, sign up with Lt. Alden. All miners must sign up to help.

Lt. Alden, his soldiers and volunteers battled the Takelma over the next 17 days. One of the volunteers had an accidental discharge of his weapon and died. Line up in two lines facing each other and the first two people play Rock, Paper, Scissors. Each winner sits down and this is not their fate. Everyone plays until one person is left standing. This is their fate.

During this time, another house burns down. Everyone with property on 6th Street must also play Rock, Paper, Scissors until only one person is left. This is his or her fate and he or she must buy wood from David Linn’s sawmill to replace the wood. This will cost $30.00. He or she must also build it quickly by having all of his or her neighbors come over for a house raising. This person must buy a roast from the butcher for $5.00 to feed all of the hungry neighbors. The bloody battle on both sides ended on August 26, 1853.

The Takelma surrendered and went into treaty talks. On September 8th, the Takelma signed a treaty to give up their land and guns and to move to a reservation. In return, they would receive a payment of $60,000. $15,000 of the $60,000 would be used to pay the settlers for all of the damage they caused. The Takelma were moved to a reservation set up for them around the Table Rocks. The settlers who had signed up to fight the war received payment for volunteering. This amounted to about $50 for each volunteer. Colonel John Ross distinguished himself as an Indian fighter and receives $100 dollars for his efforts. 10 (The amounts of the following fate is fictional and made up for the simulation.) Each person who had their house or barn burned down each OH#5 receive $20. Each person who lost an animal is given $5 per animal.

1854 The flu hits the Takelma on their reservation. One–fifth of the population dies. This was due to the flu and the lack of efficient clothing, shelter and food. Only 523 people survived this harsh winter. 147 of those were men. The Takelma still have not been paid their $45,000 that was left of the $60,000 treaty signed in 1853.

Farmers suffer. The destruction of their homes and fields during the Native American wars resulted in poor crops.

Farmers buy more seed from a merchant for $10.

Merchants, pay a mule skinner $30 to go to Yreka and back for more seed.

Thousands of grasshoppers hit the valley. They consumed wheat, oats, melons, and even ate all of the leaves off of the oak trees! Farmers buy more seed from the merchants for another $10.

1855 After recovering from the Rogue Indian Wars and the grasshopper infestation, the Rogue Valley became the most prosperous county in the state for farming. Each farmer receives $20 for selling his most recent crop.

Native American uprisings were occuring outside of the Rogue Valley. Attacks on miners and Native Americans were going back and forth between the two groups. Even though the Rogue Valley Takelma were living peacefully on their reservation, the white settlers still wanted to get rid of them. Fear on both sides was rising.

OH#5

1855 Another strong, harsh winter hit the Rogue Valley. Eighteen inches of snow fell and the Rogue River froze over at Vannoy’s Ferry. Men and animals were able to walk across the river on the ice.

1856 Gold was getting harder to find.

Feb. 300 Takelma living on the Table Rock Reservation were moved to Grand 1856 Ronde Reservation on the Yamhill River. They were moved to protect them from the rising fear that the settlers and miners wanted them exterminated. The 300 miles march took them 32 days.

The Tututini tribe attacked the settlers at Gold Beach, destroying the town. Finally, several bands of southwestern Oregon Native Americans banded together to fight the white settlers once and for all. All of the tribes met at Big Bend and prepared for war. They were met by several army troops and troops of volunteers.

May 27, The band of Indians had their last battle against the whites. After two 1856 weeks of the bloody battles, 1,400 Native Americans were rounded up and shipped or marched over land to their new reservation at the Siletz Reservation. The conditions at this reservation were also very poor. There was very little food, clothing and shelter.

1857 Mary Ann Harris: Your daughter marries John Love, a prominent Jacksonville businessman. Mr. Love, pay Mrs. McCully $5 to bake your wedding cake. All of Mr. Love’s neighbors must buy a wedding gift at a mercantile.

12 Mr. Love, pay Peter Britt $5 to take your wedding photo.

OH#5

1858 A stage line opens up between Jacksonville and Crescent City. If your property borders on 6th Street, buy a ticket to travel to Crescent City and back for $5.

1859 The U.S. Senate passed a bill granting Oregon statehood. President Buchanan signed the bill. On February 14, 1859, Oregon was admitted into the United States as the 33rd state. It would take a month before the news reached Oregon. The good news was sent from Washington to St. Louis by telegraph. Then from St. Louis to San Francisco by stagecoach. From San Francisco, the good news was delivered to Portland via a steamer ship. From Portland, a messenger rode horseback to deliver the news to Salem, Oregon.

Only 9 years after the white settlers arrived, 3,700 whites lived in the Rogue Valley, 7 times more whites than Native Americans

OH#5

Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 8 Understand Gold Rush! Large the concept of On the second day of the Container supply and simulation, have all students pan demand in for gold. You can do this by Gold Pan relation to the setting up a large container with gold rush sand and water. Hide 5-6 pieces Gold Pyrite economy. of gold pyrite in the sand. Gold pyrite can be purchased cheaply Water from the Crater Rock Museum in Central Point. Brass BBs will also Cones to keep work for gold. the students back © Anna Meunier 2009 Draw names to see who pans for gold first. Let each student pan Minute timer for one minute, miners get to pan for two minutes. If the students find gold, pay them $200-$500, depending on the size of the nugget.

Do not show them the nugget beforehand. The anticipation and © Anna Meunier 2009 excitement of what they are looking for will feed the gold fever.

Discuss gold fever as the lesson goes along. Ask the students who have already gone if they would Growing Oregon

like a second chance to pan for gold. Discuss the feelings of gold fever.

As students complain about waiting their turn, remind them © Anna Meunier 2009 that the miners who came first had the best chance of finding gold, but eventually, the gold ran out as the miners mined. Do not tell them how much gold is in your mine. Discuss how this was a chance and a reality that the original miners had to deal with, not everyone found gold.

If the supplies for this activity are hard to come by, you can also paint 4-5 rocks gold and put them in a container with other plain rocks. Instead of panning for gold, have the students reach in and draw a rock to see who finds gold.

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You could also use folded paper, a few yellow construction pieces of paper and the rest brown.

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Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 9-11 Continue on with the Fates from Fates Lesson #7 until all of the fates OH#5 have been played.

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Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 12 Once the fates have all been End of an Era played, it is time to cash out and OH#6 see how each pioneer did in the simulation making money. End of an Era Display the End of an Era OH#6. WS#4 Show the students how to figure out how much their land is now Certificate worth. There are four places for TE#8 land instead of only two places in case someone purchased extra land during the auction. Have each person figure out how much his or her land and livestock is worth. Have them record that amount in the box in the bottom right-hand corner of the End of an Era WS#4. Have the students count up all of their cash and make sure it matches the final amount in their ledger. If there was a mistake made, or they have lost some of their money, they must use the lower of the two amounts. Have them record this amount in the box in the lower right-hand corner. Total all three amounts to see which student made the most money. Be sure to have James Cluggage subtract Growing Oregon

Have the students complete the rest of the End of an Era WS#4 by answering Questions 1-7.

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End of an Era Name ______

Land Description Value

1. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

2. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

3. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

4. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

Land 1. Livestock # Worth Total Horse $50.00

Mule $50.00

Ox $50.00

Cow $40.00 Land Total 1. Pig $20.00

Goat $30.00 Livestock Total 2.

Sheep $30.00 Ledger/Cash Total 3. Chicken $10.00 Grand Total Total 2.

OH#6 End of an Era Name ______

Land Description Value

1. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

2. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

3. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

4. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

Land 1. Livestock # Worth Total Horse $50.00

Mule $50.00

Ox $50.00

Cow $40.00 Land Total 1. Pig $20.00

Goat $30.00 Livestock Total 2.

Sheep $30.00 Ledger/Cash Total 3. Chicken $10.00 Grand Total Total 2.

WS#4 1. What did you learn by playing the Table Rock City game? ______

2. How did you do in the game with your money? ______

3. What choices did you make that helped you in the game? ______

4. What choices did you make that did not help you in the game? ______

WS#4 5. What actually ended up happening in real life to your character? ______

6. List three events that happened during the fates that were interesting to you. ______

7. Explain in your own words what happened to the Takelma and how you feel about it. ______

WS#4 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

This is awarded to

for outstanding work in social studies!

Teacher Date

TE#8

Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 13 Pass out “The Rest of the Story” Identity TE#3 portion of the Identity TE#3 to the appropriate students and have them read them aloud to the class. Have them staple the “Rest of the Story” to page #3 of their ledger.

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Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 14 Plan a fieldtrip to Jacksonville. The Use The Jacksonville Story Jacksonville pamphlet to visit the houses of Story pamphlet the settlers from the simulation. Have the students take their Jacksonville ledger with them and have them Historical read “The Rest of the Story” for Cemetery each settler’s house that you pamphlet visit. Use the Jacksonville Historical Cemetery pamphlet for a cemetery tour of the settlers buried in the cemetery. This fieldtrip will take an entire day, including lunch at Doc Griffin Park.

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Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 15 Create a Begin by cutting out the events Statehood This activity can be done with partners timeline that took place on the Statehood Timeline working together. illustrating Timeline WS#5 and put them in WS#5 events from order. The first year should be Step #1 1840-1860 1840 and the last year 1860. Statehood that led to Read the events that took place Timeline Oregon’s with the students. OH#7 statehood. Hand out the butcher paper. The Butcher paper following steps can be very for each © Anna Meunier, 2009 confusing; it is best to do each student step together, as a class. Have (approximately. students use a pencil because 3’ by 1.5’) Step #2 they may need to erase errors.

Glue stick Step #1: Fold the paper in half lengthwise (hot dog) to create Colored pencils the crease that the students will trace over creating the timeline.

Step #2: Have the students use a © Anna Meunier, 2009

pencil to trace the crease, creating the timeline.

Step #3: Have the students fold the timeline in half the other way, widthwise (hamburger). Have students hold it above their heads once they are done. Check Growing Oregon

to make sure everyone folded it correctly.

Step #4: Have the students fold the paper in half again in the same direction, and once again, hold it over their heads once that is done.

Step #6: Open the paper and show the students how to make a pencil mark on the timeline where each crease is. This is the benchmarks of where the time is labeled.

Step #7: Label each benchmark Step #7 using the mini-sample timeline at the very end of WS#5. The first and last date for the time line will be at the edge of the paper.

timeline shows the events that

have happened in the span of 16

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years. Show the students how to locate where each event blurb should be placed on the timeline. Some of the blurbs happen consecutively so the blurbs need to be staggered on each side of the line. Have the students place each blurb on the timeline before gluing them on to make sure they are correctly spaced.

Step #9: Glue the event blurbs onto the timeline.

Step #10: Have the students draw pictures for the events.

Step #11: Finish the project by having the students write a title for the timeline: Oregon Statehood. Have students write their name below the title.

Step #12: Discuss the timeline and the events that happened.

Growing Oregon

Statehood Timeline

1843 At this time, Oregon was still an unclaimed land. Spain and Russia had both given up their claim on the Oregon Country, but the United States and Great Britain both still wanted it. Both American missionaries and fur trappers lived in the Willamette Valley, along with French Canadian trappers who worked for Ft. Vancouver. By 1842, many Americans began arriving in the Willamette Valley from the East and setting up farms. The new settlers soon faced a big problem in their new community; wolves, panthers and bears were killing their cattle and horses. The growing community decided to hold a meeting to address how to take care of this problem. This first organized meeting became known as the “Wolf Meetings”. At this meeting, the settlers decided to pay for any skins of the animals that were attacking their animals. The settlers also decided that there was a growing need for rules and a local government. The new American settlers wanted to protect the rights to their new land and needed to insure their safety. They also hoped that someday their land would be part of the United States. So the settlers decided to hold a second meeting to set up a provisional government. A provisional government means someone who will govern the area until the boundary issue could be settled between Great Britain and the United States. On May 2, 1843, the settlers met at a town called Champoeg to discuss setting up a government. The British ruled Canadians and the American settlers could not agree on setting up on an American government. Finally, a mountain man named Joe Meek stood up and yelled, “All those who are for a provisional government follow me!” He drew a line in the dirt and stepped over it. 52 men followed him, including two Canadians. The other 50 Canadians were overruled and plans for a provisional government began.

1848 Gold was discovered at Sutter’s Fort in California. This sent more than 200,000 people rushing to California. Two-thirds of the male population of the Willamette valley were among the many who headed for the gold mines. The people of Oregon were in the right spot at the right time. The ones who did not leave for California made their own small fortune by selling their extra food and lumber to the miners. With more and more miners arriving daily, the need for food and lumber skyrocketed and so did the prices.

WS #5

1859 February 14th, Oregon became the thirty-third state. This process took several years because there was a lot going on at a national level. The United States could not agree on whether slavery should be allowed or not. The states in the North were against owning slaves and wanted them to be freed. The states in the South wanted to continue with slavery because they needed the slaves to work in their fields. The slavery question split the United States equally down the middle. If Oregon was admitted into the states, the number of states against slavery would out number the states that wanted slavery. But the slaves who would be freed would not be allowed to live in Oregon. Either way, admitting Oregon as a state to the union fueled the slavery problem. Finally, President James Buchanan signed the bill and Oregon became the thirty-third state.

1844 James Polk was elected president of the United States and decided to stake a claim for the Oregon Country. At this time, both Great Britain and the United States claimed the same land. The British claimed the land from the Columbia River north. This foothold took place when the British-owned Hudson Bay Company trapped and began to settle the land above the Columbia River. The Americans had settled the land to the south of the Columbia River. President James Polk decided to stake his claim and have it include the area from the Columbia River, northward, all the way up to the 54th line of latitude. This bold claim included all of the British land claim. Americans rallied behind President Polk and came up with the slogan, “54- 40 or fight.” Neither side could afford going to war over the land. The United States was already at war fighting Mexico for California. The British saw the many Americans flooding into the country and did not want to fight for the land. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 was signed with Great Britain, agreeing that the border to divide the British Territory of Canada and the Oregon Country owned by the United States would be the 49th parallel.

1848 President Polk made Oregon a territory to protect its citizens. He appointed Joseph Lane as the territorial governor and Joseph Meek as the United States marshal. At that time, the settler population and the Native American population were equal.

WS #5 1853 Four years after Oregon became a territory, the Washington Territory was carved out of the Oregon Territory and was made a territory of its own. This new territory had its own appointed governor, secretary, marshals and judges.

1857 The Convention of 1857 was held in Salem, Oregon. Sixty leaders came together to write the state’s constitution. Once written, the constitution had to be approved by the voters. The only people allowed to vote were adult white men. There were three parts to the constitution that had to be voted on. The first part was the constitution. It easily passed the vote. The second part was whether or not Oregon should allow slavery. The voters voted to ban slavery from Oregon. The last part of the vote was to decide whether or not the free African Americans would be allowed to live in Oregon. The vote was “no” to allowing African Americans to settle in Oregon. In September 1857, Oregonians voted in the constitution and sent it on to the United States Congress for approval, eventually allowing Oregon to become a state two years later.

1847 The Whitman Massacre forced the United States to look at the safety of the Oregon Country’s citizens. After the massacre, Joseph Meek went to the Whitman Mission to give the victims an appropriate burial. Among the victims was Joseph’s own daughter, Helen. He then travelled back to Washington, D.C. to deliver the news about the Whitmans and ask that Oregon be recognized as a territory and have a territorial government set up.

WS #5 1850 Samuel Thurston was the first territorial delegate of Oregon. He helped persuade the Congress to pass the Donation Land Act of 1850. This law rewarded the earliest settlers between the 1830s and the 1840s with the land that they claimed free and clear. Their deed was recognized by the United States government. The second part of the Land Act allowed any man at least 18 years old, who came to Oregon before December 1850, to claim 320 acres of free land. If he was married, his wife could also claim another 320 acres. From 1851-1855, the settlers were given half as much land for free, 160 acres for each single man, 320 for a married couple. These settlers were required to work and live on the land for four years before they owned the land free and clear.

1850-1860 Native Americans and settlers were at war because many treaties had been made and broken. . The Native Americans were trying to protect their land and their way of life. The settlers were trying to claim the same land and start a new life for their families. Many treaties were made to keep the peace between the two people; but there was no way they could survive together. The United States government paid the Native Americans for some of their land and set aside some land for the Native Americans. This land was called a reservation. The reservations often had very poor land that did not provide enough food or sufficient shelter for the natives. The natives were forced to live on such reservations.

1843 1845 1847 1849 1851 1853 1855 1857 1859

1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858

WS #5 Statehood Timeline

1843 At this time, Oregon was still an unclaimed land, Spain and Russia had both given up their claim on the Oregon Country, but the United States and Great Britain both still wanted it. Both American missionaries and fur trappers lived in the Willamette Valley, along with French Canadian trappers who worked for Ft. Vancouver. By 1842, many Americans began arriving in the Willamette Valley from the East and setting up farms. The new settlers soon faced a big problem in their new community; wolves, panthers and bears were killing their cattle and horses. The growing community decided to hold a meeting to address how to take care of this problem. This first organized meeting became known as the “Wolf Meetings”. At this meeting, the settlers decided to pay for any skins of the animals that were attacking their animals. The settlers also decided that there was a growing need for rules and a local government. The new American settlers wanted to protect the rights to their new land and needed to insure their safety. They also hoped that someday their land would be part of the United States. So the settlers decided to hold a second meeting to set up a provisional government. A provisional government means someone who will govern the area until the boundary issue could be settled between Great Britain and the United States. On May 2, 1843, the settlers met at a town called Champoeg to discuss setting up a government. The British ruled Canadians and the American settlers could not agree on setting up on an American government. Finally, a mountain man named Joe Meek stood up and yelled, “All those who are for a provisional government follow me!” He drew a line in the dirt and stepped over it. 52 men followed him, including two Canadians. The other 50 Canadians were overruled and plans for a provisional government began.

OH#7

1844 James Polk was elected president of the United States and decided to stake a claim for the Oregon Country. At this time both Great Britain and the United States claimed the same land. The British claimed the land from the Columbia River north. This foothold took place when the British owned Hudson Bay Company trapped and began to settle the land above the Columbia River. The Americans had settled the land to the south of the Columbia River. President James Polk decided to stake his claim and have it include the area from the Columbia River, northward, all the way up to the 54th line of latitude. This bold claim included all of the British land claim. Americans rallied behind President Polk and came up with the slogan, “54- 40 or fight.” Neither side could afford going to war over the land the United States was already at war fighting Mexico for California. The British saw the many Americans flooding into the country and did not want to fight for the land. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 was signed with Great Britain agreeing that the border to divide the British Territory of Canada and the Oregon Country owned by the United States would be the 49th parallel.

1848 President Polk makes Oregon a territory to protect its citizens. He appointed Joseph Lane as territorial governor and Joseph Meek as the United States marshal. At that time, the settler population and the Native American population was equal.

OH#7 1853 Four years after Oregon became a territory, Washington Territory was carved out of the Oregon Territory and was made a territory of its own. This new territory had its own appointed governor, secretary, marshals and judges.

1847 The Whitman Massacre forced the United States to look at the safety of the Oregon Country’s citizens. After the massacre, Joseph Meek went to the Whitman Mission to give the victims an appropriate burial. Among the victims was Joseph’s own daughter, Helen. He then travelled back to Washington D.C. to deliver the news about the Whitmans and ask that Oregon be recognized as a territory and have a Territorial government set up.

OH#7 1850 Samuel Thurston was the first territorial delegate of Oregon. He helped persuade the Congress to pass the Donation Land Act of 1850. This law rewarded the earliest settlers between the 1830s and the 1840s with the land that they claimed free and clear. Their deed was recognized by the United States government. The second part of the Land Act allowed any man at least 18 years old who came to Oregon before December 1850 to claim 320 acres of land for free. If he was married, his wife could also claim another 320 acres. From 1851-1855 the settlers were given half as much land for free, 160 acres for each single man, 320 for a married couple. These settlers were required to work and live on the land for four years before they owned the land free and clear.

1850-1860 Native Americans and settlers were at war because many treaties had been made and broken . The Native Americans were trying to protect their land and their way of life. The settlers were trying to claim the same land and start a new life for their families. Many treaties were made to keep the peace between the two people; but there was no way they could survive together. The United States government paid the Native Americans for some of their land and set aside some land for the Native Americans. This land was called a reservation. The reservations often had very poor land that did not provide enough food or sufficient shelter for the natives. The natives were forced to live on such reservations.

1843 1845 1847 1849 1851 1853 1855 1857 1859

1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858

OH#7

Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 16 List and Show the United States 1859 OH United States For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: explain the map. Brainstorm and discuss 1859 OH studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu two major some of the problems that Choose: problems Oregon had to face as a new Native • United States 1859 Oregon faced state. American as a new • The distance from the Shrinking Land state. rest of the country. OH#8 (Discuss how long news took to get there and the Pony Express.) • Native American Relations (Display Native American Shrinking Land OH#8) • Slavery (Oregon being a free state, but not allowing African Americans to live in the state.)

Have the students choose one of the problems from the list and explain what the problem was and write some ideas on how to fix the problem.

Growing Oregon

Shrinking Native American Land

Courtesy of the Oregon Historical Society OH#8 Faun Rae Hosey, artist. From Jeff Zucker, Kay Hummel & Bob Høgfoss Oregon Indians: Culture, History & Current Affairs, An Atlas & Introduction

(Portland: Western Imprints, The Press of the Oregon Historical Society, 1983).

Lesson Objectives Lesson Plan Materials: Teaching Tip Curriculum Integration 17 Compare and Display and discuss the Counties Counties and For overheads for today’s lesson, go to: contrast the and County Seats OH. Point out County Seats studentatlasoforegon.pdx.edu population of that this is what Oregon looks like OH Choose: Oregon from today. Oregon is split up into • Counties and County Seats past and several counties with a county Population • Population present. seat. The county seat serves as Map OH the place where all of the county administration and offices are. It Oregon County is usually the largest city in the Population county. WS #6

Locate Jackson County on the Oregon County map. It was created in January of Population 1853; at that time, Jacksonville TE#9 was the largest city and the county seat. Oregon County Population Display and discuss Population Graph and Map OH#9. Locate your town and OH#9 figure out the population according to the map. This map is present day, what would it have looked like in 1900?

Handout Oregon County Population WS#6. Explain to students how to create a line graph. Have students complete the worksheet. Growing Oregon

Display Oregon County Population Graph and Map overhead OH#9.

Show the students where each county is located on the map. Brainstorm reasons why some counties have better growth than others. Compare and contrast the trends displayed on the graph.

Facts: • Clackamas has the largest population in Oregon. • Jackson County has only the sixth largest population in the state.

Growing Oregon

Oregon County Populations Name______190,000-200,000 Use the information below to make a line graph showing 180,000-190,000 the growth of Jackson County’s population from 1900-2005. 170,000-180,000 A line graph shows data over time.

160,000-170,000 Make a line graph by placing a red dot at the approximate 150,000-160,000 population for each year. Connect the dots making a red line from dot to dot, creating a line plot map. 140,000-150,000

130,000-140,000 Use a different color dot and line to represent the 120,000-130,000 following counties and their populations to the graph. Be sure to color in the box with the name to match the line color. 110,000-120,000

100,000-110,000 Color 1900 1940 1980 2005 90,000-100,000 Baker 15,597 18,297 16,134 16,741 (blue) 80,000-90,000 Clackamas 19,658 57,130 241,919 338,391 70,000-80,000 (orange) 60,000-70,000 Douglas 14,565 25,728 93,748 100,399 (yellow) 50,000-60,000 Klamath 3,970 40,497 59,117 63,775 40,000-50,000 (green) 30,000-40,000 Malheur 4,203 19,767 26,896 31,615 (purple) 20,000-30,000 10,000-20,000 1. Which county has the largest population? ______2. Which county has the smallest population? ______0-10,000 3. How does Jackson County compare to the other counties’ Year 1900 1940 1980 2005 populations?______Jackson County 13,698 36,213 132,456 198,615 Population ______WS#6 Oregon County Populations

190-000-200,000 180,000-190,00 170,000-180,00 160,000-170,00 150,000-160,00 140,000-150,00 130,000-140,00 120,000-130,00 110,000-120,00 100,000-110,00 90,000-100,000 80,000-90,000 70,000-80,000 60,000-70,000 50,000-60,000 40,000-50,000 30,000-40,000 20,000-30,000 10,000-20,000 0-10,000 Year 1900 1940 1980 2005 Map created at http://www.classbrain.com/artstate/publish/oregon_map_maker.shtml Jackson County 13,698 36,213 132,456 198,615 Population OH#7

Oregon County Populations Name______190-000-200,000 Use the information below to make a line graph showing 180,000-190,00 the growth of Jackson County’s Population from 1900-2005. 170,000-180,00 A line graph shows data over time.

160,000-170,00 Make a line graph by placing a red dot at the approximate 150,000-160,00 population for each year. Connect the dots making a red line from dot to dot, creating a line plot map. 140,000-150,00

130,000-140,00 Use a different color dot and line to represent the 120,000-130,00 following counties and their population to the graph. Be sure to color in the box with the name to match the line color. 110,000-120,00

100,000-110,00 Color 1900 1940 1980 2005 90,000-100,000 Baker 15,597 18,297 16,134 16,741 (blue) 80,000-90,000 Clackamas 19,658 57,130 241,919 338,391 70,000-80,000 (orange) 60,000-70,000 Douglas 14,565 25,728 93,748 100,399 (yellow) 50,000-60,000 Klamath 3,970 40,497 59,117 63,775 40,000-50,000 (green) 30,000-40,000 Malheur 4,203 19,767 26,896 31,615 (purple) 20,000-30,000 10,000-20,000 1. Which county has the largest population? Clackamas 2. Which county has the smallest population? Malheur 0-10,000 How does Jackson County compare to the other counties’ Year 1900 1940 1980 2005 populations? Jackson County’s population is much higher than four of the other counties. Its population has steadily Jackson County 13,698 36,213 132,456 198,615 Population been growing since 1900. TE#9 Rogue Valley Willamette Valley

WS#1 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Table Rock City Ledger

Student Name: ______

WS#2 Identity: ______

Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Attach your identity here.

Total:

Page 2 Page 19 WS#2 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Attach “The Rest of the Story…..” here.

Total:

Page 18 Page 3 WS#2 Balance from the last page:

Total:

Page 4 Page 17 WS#2 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page:

Total:

Page 5 Page 16 WS#2

Page 15 Total: Total: Total: Total: Total: Total:

Balance from the last page: WS#2 Barber

Bella Union Saloon Laundry Chinese California St.

Blacksmith Horse Livery Livery Horse Miller’s Gunsmith

Main

St.

Main St.

n o

Grist Mill g Pi e ne St.

Pin Pine St.

h h t c u ul G

So Page 6 h ic R

Cem Gold Terrace Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Cemetery

North Oregon St.

Total:

3rd St.

“C” St. Miner’s Way “D” St. “E” St. Total: Jackso

n C re e k 4th St. Total:

St. Andrews

Total:

5th St.

Total:

6th St. Table Rock Total: City

Page 14 1852

WS#2 Page 7 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Amount of money that you start with: (See your identity)

Food bought from the mercantile: (Subtract this amount from your money) Total: Total:

Total: Total:

Total: (Fill in this total on the next page) Total:

WS#2 Page 13 Page 8 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Balance from the last page: Main Heading

Total: Total:

Page 12 Page 9 WS#2 Growing Oregon Fourth Grade Social Studies

Balance from the last page: Balance from the last page:

Total: Total:

Page 10 WS#2 Page 11 Table Rock City Mercantile 1852

Ox $10.00

Cow $15.00

Pig $8.00

Goat $3.00

Sheep $3.00

Chicken $1.00 WS#3 End of an Era Name ______

Land Description Value

1. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

2. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

3. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

4. $175

Does your land have water? If so, add $50.00 to your land’s value.

Land 1. Livestock # Worth Total Horse $50.00

Mule $50.00

Ox $50.00

Cow $40.00 Land Total 1. Pig $20.00

Goat $30.00 Livestock Total 2.

Sheep $30.00 Ledger/Cash Total 3. Chicken $10.00 Grand Total Total 2.

WS#4 1. What did you learn by playing the game Table Rock City? ______

2. How did you do in the game with your money? ______

3. What choices did you make that helped you in the game? ______

4. What choices did you make that did not help you in the game? ______

WS#4 5. What actually ended up happening in real life to your character? ______

6. List three events that happened during the fates that were interesting to you. ______

7. Explain in your own words what happened to the Takelma and how you feel about it. ______

WS#4 Statehood Timeline

WS #5

WS #5 1853 Four years after Oregon became a territory, Washington Territory was carved out of the Oregon Territory and was made a territory of its own. This new territory had its own appointed governor, secretary, marshals and judges.

1847 The Whitman Massacre forced the United States to look at the safety of the Oregon Country’s citizens. After the massacre, Joseph Meek went to the Whitman Mission to give the victims an appropriate burial. Among the victims was Joseph’s own daughter, Helen. He then travelled back to Washington D.C. to deliver the news about the Whitmans and ask that Oregon be recognized as a territory and have a Territorial government set up.

WS #5 1850 Samuel Thurston was the first territorial delegate of Oregon. He helped persuade the Congress to pass the Donation Land Act of 1850. This law rewarded the earliest settlers between the 1830s and the 1840s with the land that they claimed free and clear. Their deed was recognized by the United States government. The second part of the Land Act allowed any man at least 18 years old who came to Oregon before December 1850 to claim 320 acres of land for free. If he was married, his wife could also claim another 320 acres. From 1851-1855 the settlers were given half as much land for free, 160 acres for each single man, 320 for a married couple. These settlers were required to work and live on the land for four years before they owned the land free and clear.

1843 1845 1847 1849 1851 1853 1855 1857 1859

1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858

WS #5

100,000-110,00 Color 1900 1940 1980 2005 90,000-100,000 Baker 15,597 18,297 16,134 16,741 (blue) 80,000-90,000 Clackamas 19,658 57,130 241,919 338,391 70,000-80,000 (orange) 60,000-70,000 Douglas 14,565 25,728 93,748 100,399 (yellow) 50,000-60,000 Klamath 3,970 40,497 59,117 63,775 40,000-50,000 (green) 30,000-40,000 Malheur 4,203 19,767 26,896 31,615 (purple) 20,000-30,000 10,000-20,000 1. Which county has the largest population? ______2. Which county has the smallest population? ______0-10,000 3. How does Jackson County compare to the other counties’ Year 1900 1940 1980 2,005 populations?______Jackson County 13,698 36,213 132,456 198,615 Population ______WS#6 May 28, 2009 May 28, 2009

Dear parents, Dear parents, As you have probably heard, we are studying about the As you have probably heard, we are studying about the local history and the founding fathers of Jacksonville. As a local history and the founding fathers of Jacksonville. As a culminating activity, we will be taking a walking tour of culminating activity, we will be taking a walking tour of Jacksonville. We will visit some of the houses and Jacksonville. We will visit some of the houses and businesses of the people that we have been studying. After businesses of the people that we have been studying. After that we will have a sack lunch at the Britt Grounds and then that we will have a sack lunch at the Britt Grounds and then head up to the cemetery to see some of the actual place that head up to the cemetery to see some of the actual place that these important settlers were buried. This great field trip these important settlers were buried. This great field trip will be on Wednesday, June 3rd from 8:15-12:45. will be on Wednesday, June 3rd from 8:15-12:45. Permission slip Permission slip Lunch Lunch Sunscreen Sunscreen Comfortable hiking clothes and shoes Comfortable hiking clothes and shoes

I give my permission for ______to go on the I give my permission for ______to go on the June 3rd walking field trip in Jacksonville. June 3rd walking field trip in Jacksonville. ______(Parent Signature) (Parent Signature)

Yes! I am a VIM and I would like to come along on the Yes! I am a VIM and I would like to come along on the field trip! field trip!

JACKSONVILLE HISTORIC HOME TOUR—FINAL

Note: Steve needs to record two versions for our transition paragraphs—version one to be used with the MP3 product and version two without the walking directions to be used for DVD. The two different versions are indicated in the script.

Track #1

NARRATOR: Hello and welcome to a tour of Jacksonville’s historic homes! Our town was, at first, a gold rush town, cropping up in the mid 1800’s. When the gold played out, many of the miners and their families liked the area and climate so well, they stayed, turning to agriculture and trade. At one point Jacksonville was the Jackson Country Seat, the largest city in Southern Oregon and the main trade hub for this area.

Then the railroad came. Or, rather, it didn’t come. It preferred to lay its tracks on the smooth, flat land down the valley corridor, and thus Medford was born. The County seat was relocated, as was the trade. Jacksonville was forgotten for decades.

But an interesting thing happened over the years… Jacksonville didn’t change. When people started rediscovering Jacksonville, what they found was a city that had been frozen in time. They liked it a lot. It became important to preserve it in that pristine, historic condition. And so it remains.

Our tour today will last a little over an hour. The homes you will see were built between 1855 and 1917 in the popular styles of their day— farmhouse, Classical Revival, Italianate Villa, Victorian Gothic, Queen Anne, and Craftsman. And it’s important to remember that people who lived in the mid 1800s frowned on flashy display—no MacMansions for that era! Most of the homes are modest versions of the period and the style, so much of our tour focuses on the pioneers who built and occupied them.

We’ll begin with the Plymale Cottage at 180 North Oregon Street (image), across the street from the Jacksonville Visitors Center.

Track #2

NARRATOR: The Cottage, built in 1868, is named after William Plymale. At age 15, he came across the Oregon Trail with his family, arriving in Jacksonville in 1852. Shortly afterwards, his father and oldest brother succumbed to typhoid fever—“swamp fever” as it was called—the earliest recorded deaths in Jacksonville.

William became the “man of the family,” working to provide shelter and food for his mother and five surviving brothers and sisters. He farmed in the Applegate, worked as a surveyor, and edited a newspaper before being elected to the State Legislature.

When William returned to Southern Oregon, he traded his farm land for a house, corral and livery stable across the street at the northwest corner of Oregon and C streets.

David Linn, the original owner and builder of the Plymale Cottage, owned a furniture factory at the corner of California and Oregon, where the telephone switching station now stands. When Linn’s factory burned to the ground in 1888, the Plymale house was also destroyed. William, his wife, and nine children escaped with only the clothes on their backs. Linn felt sorry for the family and sold William the cottage that now bears his name.

William continued to operate his livery stable until his death in 1904. Can you hear the wagon heading out from the stable? Let’s follow the horses’ hooves south on Oregon Street for three blocks to number 310 at the corner Oregon and Fir. (beep beep)

Track #3

NARRATOR: Herman von Helms of Holstein, Germany, arrived in Jacksonville in 1856. He soon became part owner, then full owner of the Table Rock Billiard Saloon. That building, 2 blocks north on Oregon Street, still bears the sign.

There were many saloons at this time in Jacksonville, and most were short lived, but the Helms family operated the Table Rock Billiard Saloon for nearly 60 years. Helms attributed part of its success to the museum of oddities he had in the saloon; everything from the first gold found in Oregon, to the rope that hung the Modoc Indian, Captain Jack.

When Helms decided it was time to marry, he turned to the local German community. He wed Augusta Englebrecht in 1862—one day after they were introduced.

AUGUSTA HELMS: When we began our married life, Mr. Helms and I moved into the log cabin he had built on this site in 1856. Our family soon grew, and in 1878, Mr. Helms had a large two story Italianate style addition built onto the front of the house—but we still kept the cabin as the kitchen and pantry. Our new home was regarded as one of the most elegant residences in Jacksonville at the time.

We had many memories, both good and bad, attached to our life in this home. Mr. Helms and I had 9 children, but only 5 survived. In 1868, during the typhoid epidemic, our poor Minnie died when she was less than 2 years old. Since it was winter and the road to the cemetery was impassible, we had to bury her at the front of our property. Typhoid fever also took our two teenaged girls within two weeks of each other during the epidemic of 1889.

NARRATOR: Unfortunately, the Helms’s tragedies did not end there. One of their older daughters was killed and her sister wounded in a domestic dispute with the sister’s estranged husband.

In 1926, years after Herman and Augusta had died, their son Harry put the house and furnishings on the market. Everything… even the pictures on the wall were sold. It seemed Harry wanted nothing to remind him of those earlier years.

Version 1: Let’s continue south on Oregon one more block to the corner of Oregon and Pine streets. (beep beep)

Track #4

Version 1: This Classical Revival style home known as the Colvig House was probably built in the early 1880s for George Schumpf. Schumpf, a native of Alsace, Germany, was the town barber for most of his life.

Version 2: One block south on Oregon is the Classical Revival style home known as the Colvig House. However, the house was probably built in the early 1880s for George Schumpf, the town barber for most of his life.

NARRATOR: He sold the house after his wife died following childbirth. Her ghost reportedly is still hanging around. Previous as well as present owners have acknowledged seeing her. At first they were frightened but now view her more as a comforting spirit.

William and Addie Colvig bought the house in 1887. Colvig was a practicing attorney in Jacksonville. He served four years as County School superintendent and three terms as District Attorney. It was only after this latter appointment that Colvig got around to taking the bar exam.

Colvig also was an authority on Shakespeare, spoke fluent Chinook—the language of a local Indian tribe—and was among the party of soldiers that first mapped Crater Lake.

The couple had seven children. One of the sons, Vance (nicknamed Pinto because of his freckles) was the original creator of Bozo the Clown. As a result, this house is also known as the Bozo the Clown house.

Pinto Colvig later worked as a cartoonist for Walt Disney and supplied many cartoon voices over the years, including those of ‘Goofy,’ ‘Pluto’ and two of the seven dwarfs. He also wrote the song, “Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf.”

Version 1: Let’s return now on Oregon Street to number 355, the Eagle Brewery Saloon. (beep beep) (Big Bad Wolf music?)

Version 2: Returning half a block on Oregon Street, we arrive at the Eagle Brewery Saloon. (Big Bad Wolf music?)

Track #5

NARRATOR: In 1861, German born Joseph Wetterer constructed a saloon building in front of the Eagle Brewery which he had acquired earlier that year. The brewery itself was certainly in operation by 1856, and was probably Jacksonville’s first brewery. At one point it contained a malt kiln, mash tub, cooler, furnace heat and a beer kettle.

For the next 18 years, local newspapers regularly published advertisements for the Eagle Brewery, boasting “the best lager beer in Southern Oregon.” When Wetterer died in 1879, his wife, Fredericka, attempted to keep the business going. However, two years later the property was sold in a Sheriff’s auction to satisfy unpaid debts.

By 1886, William Heeley had acquired the property and married Fredericka. He operated the brewery and saloon for the next few years, but by 1892 the property was characterized as “dilapidated and vacant.”

The saloon was converted to a dwelling in the early 1900s, and in the early 1960s, the property was purchased by nationally renowned artist Eugene Bennett. Bennett lovingly restored the buildings, and the complex now serves as his studio and residence—a far cry from its more raucous years as one of Jacksonville’s earliest saloons.

Next door at 305 S. Oregon Street is the Kaspar Kubli House. (beep beep)

Track #6

NARRATOR: The original occupant of the home was probably Reuben Maury. Maury was partners with Benjamin Davis in a general mercantile business that occupied the first brick building constructed in Jacksonville just one block 5

north on the site of Old City Hall. This house is also set on a brick foundation—unusual construction for a wood frame house of the early 1860s.

The house has undergone considerable changes since that time. The original portion of the house started out with predominately Classical Revival features, but with later additions of dormer, portico wrap, projecting gables, and a variety of exterior textures, it now has more of a Queen Anne disposition.

Many of these changes can probably be attributed to Kaspar Kubli, whose family occupied the house for over 25 years. Kubli, a native of Switzerland, arrived in Jacksonville in 1853. After trying his hand at mining, he went into business with fellow Swiss immigrant Peter Britt, packing supplies between Crescent City and Jacksonville. He later engaged in farming and stock raising, acquiring extensive land holdings. He expanded into merchandising, purchased a hardware business, and became a prominent Jacksonville merchant.

Kubli was also active in politics and civic affairs. He was twice elected Jackson County Treasurer, was active in the management of the Presbyterian Church, was a member of Jacksonville’s Odd Fellows Lodge, and was elected Grand Patriarch of the Odd Fellows Lodge of Oregon.

Version 1: Let’s continue north on Oregon Street for one block, where you can see the Odd Fellows Hall located at the northeast corner of Oregon and Main streets. Turn right onto Main Street and continue to the end of the block. Our next stop is the John Orth House at the corner of Main and Third. (beep beep)

Version 2: Jacksonville’s Odd Fellows Hall is located just one block north at the corner of Oregon and Main streets. And one block east on Main is the John Orth House.

Track #7

JOHN ORTH: In the late 1860s, I came to Jacksonville from my native Bavaria where I’d been trained as a butcher. Jacksonville needed a good one and they soon found out that I was one of the best.

Soon I was able to afford a wife, and I found an Irish fraulein, Helen Hill. We had 9 children over the years.

My butcher business was so successful that I built the large, 2-story brick commercial building on South Oregon Street which still bears my name. I used part of it for my butcher shop and rented out the rest.

In 1878, I started buying lots at the corner of 3rd and Main and designing a home for my growing family. It was finally finished in 1880—a fine 2- story Italian style villa.

But before I could build, I had to get rid of the wood frame house that was already there. Being a frugal German, I couldn’t see tearing it down – so I moved it—one block away to the corner of 3rd and Fir.

NARRATOR: Business was indeed good to the butcher John Orth. Not only did he build his large brick business and office building and his landmark home, he also purchased a 276 acre farm just east of Jacksonville.

He was active in the community as well, serving several years as a city councilor and a term as County Treasurer.

The Orth house remained in the family until the 1930’s.

Version 1: Turn north now onto 3rd Street and continue to the middle of the block. The brick building at 125 S. Third is the P.J. Ryan Hotel or Dwelling House. (beep beep)

Version 2: Half a block from here on Third Street is the P.J. Ryan Hotel or Dwelling House.

Track #8

NARRATOR: P.J. Ryan, a native of Tipperary, Ireland, arrived in Jacksonville around 1853 when he was 23 years old. He soon became one of the town’s earliest and longest term commercial property investors. Since fires had devastated the town a number of times, Ryan purchased or had built fire proof brick buildings, long before a City ordinance required it.

Mr. Ryan built this simple structure around 1865. It has had an amazing number of incarnations for such a small building. Originally, it was Mr. Ryan’s residence. By the late 1860’s it was a hotel… then a restaurant… then a doctor’s office and residence. The 1870’s saw it turn back into a hotel. In 1879, it was known as the Jacksonville Hotel, but by 1880, it had become a butcher shop, then an ice cream parlor.

After a few years of standing vacant, it was resurrected as a saloon. The double front doors suggest that the building may have accommodated two businesses simultaneously.

More recently, it was the residence of Robertson Collins. Collins is the individual who led the effort to prevent a proposed state highway from 7

taking out 11 of Jacksonville’s historical houses. He then led the organization that established the city’s National Historic Landmark status in the 1960s.

Version 1: Let’s stay on 3rd Street and continue north to the corner of 3rd and C. Our next stop will be the Love House. (beep beep)

Track #9

Version 1: The John Love house at 175 North 3rd Street was built around 1867, with the Classical Revival style moldings, porch columns and pilasters common in the mid 1800s.

Version 2: At the corner of 3rd and C streets is the John Love House. This romantic sounding structure was built around 1867, with the Classical Revival style moldings, porch columns and pilasters common in the mid 1800s.

NARRATOR: Mr. Love purchased this land in 1865 from James Cluggage, the man attributed with finding the first gold in this area, and starting Oregon’s gold rush. At one time, Mr. Cluggage owned most of Jacksonville.

John Love was a partner with John Bilger in a very successful business; the merchandising of tin and hardware.

The Love family didn’t have long to enjoy this house that John built. Within months, John died from tuberculosis, and his wife Sophie and their three children had to move. Eighteen months later, Sophie and one of their daughters succumbed to smallpox and died during the epidemic that took the lives of many in Jacksonville. Sophie’s mother, Mary Ann Harris Chambers, raised the remaining children.

Version 1: Her house is across the street at 310 North 3rd Street, the northeast corner of C and 3rd. (beep beep)

Version 2: Her house is just across the street.

Track #10

MARY ANN HARRIS: My first husband and I was farmers until the day he and our son was killed by Injuns. I figured the open country was no place for a woman and girl alone, so we moved into Jacksonville. A few years later, I married Mr. Aaron Chambers and we built this fine house. The land was calling though, so Aaron and I moved back out and started another farm.

My daughter Sophie married John Love what lived practically across the street. When John died, my Sophie and her young uns moved over here for a year until the smallpox took her and my granddaughter Maggie. Then not six months later, my husband Aaron died. It was a rough time….

But I took in the rest of my grandchil’en. And I took care of them, and they took care of me, and together we took care of the farm….

NARRATOR: Mary Ann Chambers died in 1882 at the age of 61. The house stayed in the Love family for many more years.

Next door at 240 3rd Street is the Mathew G. Kennedy house. (beep beep)

Track #11

NARRATOR: The Mathew G. Kennedy House (image), built around 1855, is Jacksonville’s oldest residential structure still in existence. Notice the stacked sandstone foundation without mortar. This type of foundation was once typical of very early Jacksonville buildings. The two front doors originally led into separate rooms, with the front porch serving as a hallway.

Kennedy was one of Jacksonville’s earliest pioneer residents and was appointed town constable at the youthful age of 24. After that, he was most likely the first elected Sheriff of Jackson County.

Kennedy also invested in Jacksonville real estate. Early on, the wooden buildings on the northern side of California Street between Oregon and 3rd were known as Kennedy’s Row. . But, Kennedy also had a bit of the wanderlust. In 1857 he left Jacksonville to build a hotel called the Metropolitan House Hotel in Yreka, and by 1863, he had moved on to San Francisco.

Version 1: Cattycornered across the street at 275 North 3rd (image) is the Applebaker Barn (image), our next stop. This is one of Jacksonville’s few remaining links to the town’s early agricultural economy. (beep beep)

Version 2: Cattycornered across the street is the Applebaker Barn. This is one of Jacksonville’s few remaining links to the town’s early agricultural economy. (beep beep)

Track #12

NARRATOR: Within ten years of gold being discovered in Daisy Creek, surface deposits of that precious metal were nearly depleted. Those miners who stayed on turned to agriculture. It may be hard to believe now, but for over 30 years, 9

Jacksonville was the leading agricultural and trade center and largest town in southern Oregon.

This barn was built in 1880 as a steam powered grist mill that supplied the locals with ground wheat, the “staff of life.” Within two years the mill ranked third in the state in flour production.

The mill was originally located a few blocks to the south, but in 1915, Joseph Applebaker (image) had the mill building dismantled, moved and reconstructed on this site, although the current building probably looks different from the original. For many years Applebaker ran his blacksmith business and later repaired wagons in the present barn structure.

Version 1: At the northeast corner of 3rd Street and D streets is the Lewis/Keegan House—105 East D Street. (beep beep)

Version 2: At the next corner—at 3rd Street and D streets—is the Lewis/Keegan House. (image)

Track #13

NARRATOR: Built by Minnie Lewis around 1908, this house is one of only four residences in Jacksonville with board and batten exterior sheathing. For much of its life it was occupied by the family of Chris Keegan, a long time Jacksonville saloon owner.

Version 1: Continuing east on D Street, you’ll come to the Kenny House at the corner of North 4th. (image) (beep beep)

Track #14

Version 1: The Kenny house, built around 1898, is one of the few remaining Queen Anne style homes in Jacksonville.

Version 2: At the corner of D and 4th streets is the Kenny House, (image) one of the few remaining Queen Anne style homes in Jacksonville.

NARRATOR: Look for the varied exterior wall textures, the projecting bay windows, the acanthus leaf brackets under the second floor overhang, and the recessed porch with its columns and balustrade.

For many years Thomas Kenny made and repaired saddles and harnesses. By the mid 1880’s, he had become an insurance agent, but by 1906 he had moved over to the hardware and grocery business. Either he never quite found his niche or he became another failed business statistic as Medford replaced Jacksonville as the regional business center. The house was acquired by the county in 1920 for unpaid taxes.

Across 4th Street from the Kenny House is St. Joseph’s Catholic Church. (image) St. Joseph’s, with its Gothic style pointed arched windows and door, was possibly the first Catholic parish church built in Southern Oregon. It has remained in continuous use since its completion in early 1859 and is the oldest Catholic Church still standing in this part of the state.

Version 1: Please continue east on D Street to the corner of North 5th. (beep beep)

Track #15

Version 1: On your left at the northwest corner of D and 5th is the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Version 2: On the northwest corner of D and 5th streets is the Methodist Episcopal Church (image).

NARRATOR: Built in 1854, this was the first church built in Jacksonville and is the oldest surviving wood-frame building in town. It is also the oldest existing church in Southern Oregon. Local folklore has it that the ladies of the town raised the money to build it by going from mining camp to mining camp and saloon to saloon. The church originally faced North 4th Street, but when 5th Street became the main route to Medford, the church fathers turned the whole building around!

On the southwest corner is the Magnolia Inn (image), built in the early 1900s as Mitchell’s Sanitarium, a sanitarium and health spa. This was part of the “Wellville” movement pioneered by the Kellogg brothers, creators of Kellogg’s Corn Flakes. The “Wellville” approach to medicine promoted holistic treatments and vegetarianism, and a typical stay at such a sanitarium would have included enemas and exercise.

Across North 5th Street from the Magnolia Inn is the historic Jackson County Courthouse. (image) This impressive Italianate style structure was completed in 1884, the same year the railroad bypassed Jacksonville. This was home to County government until 1927 when the County Seat was moved to Medford. Today, it is the Jacksonville Museum and the headquarters of the Southern Oregon Historical Society.

The smaller building you see off to its side used to be the county jail. Today, it is a ‘hands-on’ children’s museum.

Version 1: Turn south onto 5th Street and continue to the next block and the Karewski House at the corner of 5th and C. (beep beep)

Version 2: One block south at the corner of 5th and C streets is the Karewski House.

Track #16

GUSTAV KAREWSKI: I am Gustav Karewski, and this was my home. As a young man, I came from Prussia in 1853 in search of gold. But I soon found there was more gold in selling shovels than in using them. I opened my own dry goods store. I even ran a pack mule train from Yreka to bring in my merchandise—it was cheaper and arrived on time. Learning that flour was scarce and profitable, I bought the Rogue River Steam Flouring Mill. I kept that mill my whole life.

When farming became more important than mining, I changed too. “Karewski’s Agricultural Implements”—the only dealer in the Rogue Valley for big farm machinery—plows, graders, harvesting machines, and those new steam tractors.

NARRATOR: The recently widowed Johanna Levi first bought the 5th Street house in 1870. Karewski was a close friend of her husband and handled his estate. When she and Karewski married, he joined her there, making some nice additions to the home, including extending the porch and modifying the lower gabled roof into a broad hipped roof—a unique feature of the house.

Version 1: Please continue half a block to California Street and cross to the south side. The McCully House stands at the southwest corner of California and South 5th. Jane McCully will greet you there. (beep beep)

Version 2: At the southwest corner of California and South 5th you’ll find the elegant McCully House. John and Jane McCully were influential figures in the commercial and cultural development of Jacksonville.

Track #17

JANE MCCULLY: When my husband, Dr. John McCully, and I arrived in Jacksonville in 1852, we soon learned there was little demand for a doctor’s services. Miners were accustomed to enduring pain and discomfort. Although I had been educated as a teacher, there was no demand for those skills either. So I baked bread, cakes and pies and sold them for a dollar each. The miners, who lived mostly on beans and bacon, could not get enough of my baked goods.

The next few years saw an influx of settlers. John’s medical practice was finally in demand and we prospered along with the town. With that additional income, John began speculating in land. He bought part interest in a saloon and a dairy and then borrowed against his holdings to build the most costly structure in Jacksonville, the 2-story building that now houses the Odd Fellows hall.

With his election to the Territorial Legislature, John considered himself a man of stature. He decided we needed a grand new house worthy of his prominence. Although we were deeply in debt, a fact I was not aware of, he built this beautiful, Classic Revival house—at the time, the most elegant home in Jacksonville.

Unfortunately, John was in over his head. He was facing financial ruin, and his creditors were unforgiving. One night in 1860, under cover of darkness, John took the stage coach out of town—leaving me to deal with his creditors, three small children and almost $8,000 in debts!

I never saw John McCully again in my life….

NARRATOR: Jane McCully had to tap all of her resources. She wanted to start a school but lacked money for books and supplies. She leased the ground floor of this beautiful home to a couple who ran it as a boarding house, while she supplied their baked goods. That enabled her to scrape by until she could open her school in 1862. She taught English, piano, drawing and painting and was the only teacher a whole generation in these parts knew.

And over the years, she also paid off all the outstanding debt.

The McCully House stayed in the family until 1945. For the last few years, it has been home to a Bed & Breakfast Inn and fine restaurant.

Version 1: Turn west on California, and continue half a block to number 390, the De Roboam House. (beep beep)

Version 2: Half a block west on California Street is the De Roboam House.

Track #18

NARRATOR: The Jean St. Luc De Roboam House was constructed in 1893 and incorporated much of the Queen Anne style, so popular in that day.

The early history of Mr. DeRoboam varies. One account has it that he was the son of a wealthy family, but after offending his father at age 12, he had run off and joined the French Navy. He then sailed the world, fought in the Crimean War, and received a silver medal from Queen Victoria.

Another account states that he was reared on a farm in France and later became a government employee. Not quite as glamorous but probably closer to the truth.

After the death of his first wife in 1870, DeRoboam immigrated to the U.S. with his children and settled in Jacksonville. He soon married a Prussian widow, Henrietta Schmidling, who had been left quite well off by her late husband.

DeRoboam’s sister owned and ran the United States Hotel in downtown Jacksonville. When she died, Jean took it over and vastly renovated it, even putting in a skating rink. Unfortunately, he didn’t have the business instincts of his sister. Within a few years, the hotel was put on the auction block for unpaid mortgages.

Henrietta saved the day by making the highest bid to buy it back. She paid $4,325 in gold coin for the hotel.

She then decided she wanted her own residence and commissioned the home you see today, replacing a pioneer wood frame structure that had been built around 1855.

Version 1: Let’s continue east on California to the C.C. Beekman House at number 470. The Beekman Square cul de sac that you will pass en route was the original site of St. Mary’s School, a major Catholic academy that later moved to Medford. (beep beep)

Track #19

Version 1: The Beekman House is a 1 ½ story wood frame structure constructed between 1870 and 1876.

Version 2: At 470 East California is the C.C. Beekman House, a 1 ½ story wood frame structure constructed between 1870 and 1876.

NARRATOR: It’s a bit of a mixed bag architecturally speaking. The steep gables, dormer, and latticework porch trim are characteristics of the Gothic Revival Style. The pilaster corner boards, door sidelights and transom are elements of Classical Revival architecture.

Cornelius C. Beekman was one of Jacksonville’s earliest pioneer settlers and a long term resident of the town. Born in New York City, he sailed to San Francisco via the Isthmus of Panama in 1850, arriving in Jacksonville in 1853.

CC BEEKMAN: I came to Jacksonville as an express agent for Cram Rogers & Company. When they closed shop, I bought up their stable and corral and set up ‘Beekman’s Express’, transporting goods and gold between here and Yreka. I also purchased a large safe and offered to look after the miner’s gold.

That grew into the Beekman Bank, the 2nd oldest banking house in the Pacific Northwest. In the early days, virtually all the gold discovered in this district passed over my counter – about 4 millions dollars worth.

NARRATOR: Beekman invested his profits wisely—real estate, mining, and various other business interests. He was an influential figure in many local, state, civic and municipal undertakings as well. Beekman served on the school board, was mayor of Jacksonville for a term, was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, and was the Republican candidate for Governor of Oregon, losing by only 70 votes. For 15 years, he was a Regent for the University of Oregon. The Beekman Professorship of Northwest and Pacific History is the oldest endowed chair at the university.

Beekman married Julia Elizabeth Hoffman in 1861, and the couple had three children. Beekman’s daughter, Carrie, donated this house and all its possessions to the public in 1959 so that future generations could learn about their pioneer family. The house is currently a Living History Site and has been preserved intact as furnished in 1911. It is periodically open for docent led tours.

On the other side of Laurel Street is the home of Thomas G. Reames, who became Beekman’s partner in the banking industry and many of his other endeavors. (beep beep)

Track #20

NARRATOR: With the Beekman house, the Reames house, and the Muller home across the street, we are on Jacksonville’s pioneer equivalent of “Millionaires Row.” The men who built their fortunes in Jacksonville—and these fine homes—were all self-made.

Thomas Givings Reames (image) drove a wagon across the Oregon Trail when he was 13 and worked as a stevedore for the Hudson Bay Company at age 14. The lure of gold and land brought him to Jacksonville when he was 15.

Over the next few years, Reames served as deputy sheriff, ran a livery stable, and finally opened a mercantile business. By the time he was 28, 15

he was sufficiently prosperous to court and marry his wife Lucinda (image) and purchase the deed to this property.

Reames became a banking associate of his neighbor, C.C. Beekman. They acquired extensive land holdings and even lent money to the local government. Reames was also prominent in local, county and state politics, serving as Jacksonville mayor and city councilman for years, as postal inspector for five western states, and as a delegate to the National Democratic Convention. In 1878, he was appointed Brigadier General of the Oregon Militia, a title he thoroughly enjoyed.

The first house Reames built on this site was a simple one-story building which reportedly constitutes part of the first floor of this structure. But as Reames became more successful and his family grew, the house became bigger and bigger. Thomas and Lucinda eventually raised ten children in this house (image), which now exhibits many details characteristic of Queen Anne architecture, and is one of the larger homes in Jacksonville.

Ironically, after all of General Reames’ successes, he died at aged 61 due to complications from a cold!

Version 1: Please carefully cross to the other side of California Street and return west to number 465, the home of Max and Louisa Muller. (image) (beep beep)

Version 2: Across the street at 465 California is the home of Max and Louisa Muller. (image)

Track #21

NARRATOR: Max Muller was born to a Jewish family in Bavaria, Germany in 1836.

MAX MULLER: It was difficult for Jews living in Europe at that time. I was desperate for an opportunity, so when I was 15, I came to America to seek my fortune. My search led me westward to Jacksonville, Oregon.

It was 1855, and Jacksonville was still a gold rush town dominated by miners, traders, and backwoods pioneers. However, I saw the business opportunity and the town’s potential to grow into a thriving, respectable community.

I set about becoming established in both business and politics. And I succeeded. In addition to running a successful dry goods store, I became a proud member of the Red Men, and served as secretary of the Masonic lodge for almost 32 years. I also served as a city trustee, city treasurer, county treasurer, and Jackson county clerk. And I was Jacksonville’s first Postmaster, a position I held for 18 years.

NARRATOR: Muller became one of the most prominent and wealthy businessmen in town. He married his German wife, Louisa, in 1868 and they proceeded to have 6 children. In 1887 he built this fine house in the High Victorian Italianate Style for his growing family. Louisa loved the house, especially the fact that it had 2 parlors!

The Mullers lived here for 15 years until Max died of a stroke at age 66, and Louisa moved to California to help raise the grandchildren.

Version 1: Now let’s continue west on California to the corner of 6th Street and Jacksonville’s Historic Presbyterian Church (beep beep).

Version 2: West on California at the corner of 6th Street is Jacksonville’s Historic Presbyterian Church (image).

Track #22

NARRATOR: Although all of Jacksonville’s pioneer churches have elements of Victorian Gothic Architecture, the Historic Presbyterian Church is definitely the most striking example with its pointed arch windows and door openings, its soaring steeple, and the steep pitch of the roof. From 1855 through the turn of the century, many churches were built in the Gothic style due to the close association of this architecture with the Christian faith. The design itself was probably taken from one of the architectural pattern books that were widely circulated in the late 1800s.

Track #23

NARRATOR: Across the street at 375 E. California is the G.W. Cool house, a small cottage built in the ‘saltbox’ style more typical of New England. It was built in 1858 and has had a number of owners through the years.

When Mr. Cool—perhaps somewhat presumptuously—had the house built, at least seven different people claimed title to the land. That was resolved when James Cluggage, one of mule packers who discovered gold in this area, was granted the rights for nearly all the original townsites in Jacksonville.

In 1863, Cluggage deeded the parcel to banker C.C. Beekman, who lived here when he was first married and starting a family.

Version 1: Turn right onto 6th Street and we’ll pick up our tour in two blocks at the corner of 6th and D streets, an interesting little intersection. (beep beep).

Version 2: Two blocks north on 6th Street is an interesting little intersection. 17

Track #24

NARRATOR: The house at the southeast corner of 6th and D used to be the Sheriff’s house—conveniently located across the street from the county jail. It fell to the Sheriff’s wife to feed whatever citizens were enjoying “county hospitality.” Since our winters can get cold and wet, a resourceful Sheriff, somewhere down the line, had a tunnel dug from this home, under the street and into the jail, so his wife could supply the necessary meals with a minimum of hardship.

At the northeast corner of 6th and D is the Kahler Family House. The original house on this site was built in 1880 for Robert Kahler. His parents were one of the first pioneering families to settle in the Rogue River Valley. Three of the Kahler boys did quite well. Robert Kahler, a druggist, dispensed drugs, books and stationery from his building on California Street. George was a practicing surgeon and phsycian in Jacksonville. Charles Wesley Kahler, who built the current house, was a prominent Jacksonville attorney.

When Robert purchased this land in 1879 it contained a simple wood frame dwelling. However, when C.W. built the current home around 1910, he incorporated such popular Queen Anne features as the second story porch and the large porch gable, highlighted by fish scale shingles.

The house at the northwest corner of this intersection, and the one next to it, were built by Gustav Karewski as rental houses. In 1870, Jacksonville was booming and newcomers needed accommodations. Local entrepreneurs augmented their incomes by building or investing in rental properties—real estate speculation has been around for a long time!

Version 1: Let’s continue north now on 6th to where it dead ends at F Street. Turn right on F and then take an immediate left on to Blackstone Alley. Look for the Federal Style home at 540 Blackstone Alley, the John Bilger House. (beep beep)

Version 2: A couple of blocks north on Blackstone Alley is the John Bilger House.

Track #25

NARRATOR: The Bilger house, constructed around 1863, is probably the only home in Jacksonville built in the Federal Style with its rectangular floor plan and symmetrical design. See how the tall narrow second-story windows are set immediately below the frieze board, and how the front door is surrounded by sidelights and a transom.

Around 1856, John Love and John Bilger (image) were partners in one of Jacksonville’s earliest and most successful enterprises. Their store was called ‘Love & Bilger’ and sold tin plate and sheet iron to the public.

After Love died, Bilger expanded the merchandise to include all kinds of hardware and farming implements. It was quite the going concern— Bilger reported an annual income of $1,000 in 1868, making him the wealthiest man in town.

John Bilger married the German born Amanda Scheck in 1861, and they had eight children over the years. When Bilger died in the cholera epidemic of 1877, Amanda took over the hardware store. By the mid- 1880s she had expanded into manufacturing in partnership with a Mr. Maegly, and Bilger and Maegly became one of the leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements in Jacksonville.

Version 1: Let’s retrace our steps back to F Street, turn right on F, and continue to the corner of 5th. On your left, at 470 North 5th will be the B.F. Dowell House (image) (beep beep).

Version 2: Nearby on 5th Street is the B.F. Dowell House (image)

Track #26

NARRATOR: The Dowell house, with its low hipped roof and tall arched windows, is one of the earliest Italianate style houses built in Oregon. Constructed in 1861, it may have been the first home in Jacksonville to be built of brick. It was certainly one of the finest homes in the still young mining community.

Most homes of the period had wood burning stoves for heat, but this distinctive home has 4 fireplaces—one of black onyx and 3 of marble. The marble probably came from Mr. Dowell’s own marble quarry on Williams Creek. That same marble was also used for the porch steps and all the window sills.

The home was built for attorney Benjamin Franklin Dowell—named for his grandmother’s uncle, the great man himself.

B.F. DOWELL: I was lured west by the promise of gold, but the hard conditions soon robbed me of my health. I spent the next four years trading and packing supplies for the miners. By then there was a call for my University of Virginia law degree and I returned to the practice of law. Over the years I served as prosecuting attorney for Oregon’s 1st Judicial District and as U.S. District Attorney.

I found I liked swaying public opinion as much as I liked setting legal precedents, and for 14 years I owned the Oregon Sentinel newspaper. I am proud to say that the Sentinel was the first newspaper in the Pacific Northwest to support the abolition of slavery and the first to nominate Ulysses S. Grant for president!

Version 1: Please turn right at the corner of 5th and E streets and continue three blocks to North Oregon Street. At 455 we’ll find the TouVelle House, one of the better examples of Craftsman style homes in the Rogue Valley. (beep beep)

Version 2: Now we’ll cross over to North Oregon and jump forward half a century to the TouVelle House, one of the better examples of Craftsman style Homes in the Rogue Valley.

Track #27

NARRATOR: The first house to stand on this elevated knoll was a rude cabin built around 1855 by William Hoffman. That same year, Hoffman was elected Country Auditor under the Oregon Territory. When Oregon became a state in 1859, he became the first elected clerk of Jackson County.

With increased means, Hoffman tore down the cabin in 1866 and built a 1 ½ story frame cottage and an adjacent barn. The barn still stands, and the rear portion of the Hoffman house was incorporated into the present structure.

Frank TouVelle, who came to the Rogue Valley in 1905, purchased the Hoffman property in 1912. His wife, Elizabeth, was responsible for the design of the house you see today.

TouVelle was part of the early 20th Century “Orchard Boom” movement that launched the commercial pear and apple industries in the Rogue Valley. In later years, he donated 50 acres of his vast land holdings to the state as park land. This Rogue River recreation area now bears his name—TouVelle State Park.

While serving as County Judge of Jackson County, TouVelle successfully campaigned for road improvements, and in 1935, he was appointed State Highway Commissioner. He was directly responsible for the relocation and construction of highway 99 over the Siskiyou Mountains, as well as for the coast highway 101.

After Frank TouVelle died in 1955, the contents of the house were auctioned at an estate sale. Subsequent owners have returned the house to its former glory.

Another two blocks north on Oregon Street is our final stop—the Nunan House, the crown jewel of Jacksonville, and the last major house built in what had become a dying town. (beep beep)

Track #28

NARRATOR: The lovely Nunan House, built in 1892, was the last of three houses in Jacksonville based on a design by Tennessee architect George F. Barber. The plans were purchased directly from Barber’s “The Cottage Souvenir” catalog, hence its nickname, the “catalog house.” Despite rumors to the contrary, only the plans and the fancier woods were brought in by rail. Most of the materials and workmanship were local.

The Nunan House undoubtedly reflects the character and personality of its original owner, Jeremiah Nunan, an entrepreneur involved in general merchandising, farming, mining, and insurance businesses. He also served as a town Trustee, Recorder, and police judge.

Nunan was born in Ireland around 1843, immigrated to America, and then came west like so many others, settling in Jacksonville in the late 1860s. Here he opened a saddlery business in competition with Henry Judge. Nunan and Judge became friends, and in 1872, Nunan married Delia O’Grady, the younger sister of Judge’s wife. Nunan had this house built for Delia as a Christmas present.

DELIA NUNAN: We dearly loved out magnificent home. Jeremiah had insisted on the finest workmanship. Our staircase alone was made from 5 different types of wood, and our five mantelpieces were all hand carved. Jeremiah also had stained glass windows placed throughout the house.

The house has 16 rooms including 5 bedrooms. Jeremiah even made sure I had a sewing room which I put to good use. And would you believe that we had electricity installed in 1909? Why, we had barely gotten used to having electricity when Jeremiah had indoor plumbing installed! To be able to pull a switch and have electricity, let alone indoor facilities! My, such changes!

NARRATOR: This house is considered an excellent example of the Queen Anne style, which uses a variety of forms, textures, materials and colors.

The Nunan House has had various owners over the years, and only three of the estate’s original 11 acres remain intact. However, the house still retains its unabashed exuberance and remains symbolic of an earlier era in Jacksonville’s history of lusty gold mining and productive agricultural trade. 21

Track #29

Version 1: This concludes our tour of Jacksonville’s historic homes. However, you may enjoy viewing History for the 21st Century in the Nunan Square neighborhood across from the Nunan House. There you will see contemporary versions of Queen Anne, Victorian Gothic, Italianate, Classical Revival and Craftsman style homes adapted for today’s lifestyles.

The house at the far end of the square reflects the historic Nunan House. The home at the southeast corner of Nunan and Jackson Creek replicates many of the gingerbread elements found on Victorian Gothic style architecture.

When you are ready, please return your player to its original location. While you are in town, you may also want to enjoy one of the other walking tours being offered—the historic downtown, Jacksonville’s pioneer cemetery, or the Woodlands hiking trails.

These tours are made possible through the generosity of Travel Oregon, the Southern Oregon Historical Society, the Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce, the City of Jacksonville, and the Jackson County Cultural Coalition funded by the Oregon Cultural Trust, investing in Oregon’s arts, humanities, and heritage.