''You're Just One of the Group When You're Embedded'
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‘‘You’re just one of the group when you’re embedded’’: report from a mixed-method investigation of the research-embedded health librarian experience* Devon Greyson, MLIS; Soleil Surette, MLIS; Liz Dennett, MLIS; Trish Chatterley, MLIS See end of article for authors’ affiliations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.101.4.010 Objective: Embedded librarianship has received ‘‘belonging’’ to the research team, involvement in full much attention in recent years. A model of project lifecycles, and in-depth relationships with embeddedness rarely discussed to date is that of nonlibrarian colleagues. Despite widely expressed job research-embedded health librarians (REHLs). This satisfaction, many REHLs struggle with isolation from study explores the characteristics of Canadian REHLs library and information science peers and relative lack and the situations in which they are employed. of job security. Methods: The authors employed a sequential, mixed- Conclusions: REHLs differ from non-embedded method design. An online survey provided health librarians, as well as from other types of descriptive statistics about REHLs’ positions and embedded librarians. REHLs’ work also differs from work experiences. This informed a series of focus just a decade or two ago, prior to widespread Internet group interviews that expanded upon the survey. access to digital resources. Through constant comparison, we conducted qualitative descriptive analysis of the interviews. Implications: Given that research-embedded librarianship appears to be a distinct and growing Results: Based on twenty-nine survey responses and subset of health librarianship, libraries, master’s of four group interviews, we created a portrait of a library and information science programs, and ‘‘typical’’ REHL and discovered themes relevant to professional associations will need to respond to the REHL work. REHLs may identify more strongly as support and education needs of REHLs or risk losing researchers than as librarians, with corresponding them to the health research field. professional needs and rewards. REHLs value INTRODUCTION these major models as well as other areas with potential for embeddedness, such as public and Embedded librarianship, in which librarians leave the school libraries. Building on his previous report for library to provide highly tailored information services SLA, in which embedded librarians were defined as to user groups with whom they are affiliated, has ‘‘direct information service providers who provide attracted a significant amount of attention over recent specialized services to one or more groups within the years, with both the Medical Library Association organization’’ [2], Shumaker identifies three core (MLA) [1] and Special Libraries Association (SLA) [2] factors that he asserts define embedded librarianship: issuing reports on embedded models of librarianship. ongoing working relationships, knowledge of and Within the phenomenon, three primary models of commitment to the group’s goals, and highly valuable embeddedness have emerged: academic librarians and customized contributions to the work of the who are integrated into physical or online courses group in which the librarian is embedded. [3–10], special librarians who leave the centralized In health librarianship, the clinical informationist/ corporate library to collocate with users [2, 11, 12], ISIC model has been much discussed and studied since and medical librarians who serve as clinical informa- the Davidoff and Florance article in 2000 that estab- tionists [13–17] or information specialists in context lished the term ‘‘informationist’’ and sparked greater (ISICs) [15, 18, 19]. interest on the part of health systems in clinical Shumaker’s recent book on embedded librarianship embedded librarianship [13]. A 2006 multicenter [20] extensively reviews the history and evolution of MLA study defined an ISIC or informationist as ‘‘an individual who possesses advanced information seek- * Conference presentations related to this paper will be given at ing and appraisal skills and knowledge of the the 2013 Canadian Health Libraries Association/Association des information environment as well as advanced knowl- bibliothe´ques de la sante´ du Canada conference and the 2013 Evidence Based Library and Information Practice Conference. edge in a domain of healthcare/research and employs this expertise as a member of clinical research teams’’ This article has been approved for the Medical Library [1]. The emphasis on additional, often clinically Association’s Independent Reading Program ,http://www.mlanet oriented, post-master’s of library and information .org/education/irp/.. science (LIS) training is common, although not univer- sal, in the clinical informationist literature. Studies have Supplemental Appendix and Appendix B are available with followed up on clinical informationist initiatives [21, the online version of this journal. 22], noting the growth and evolution of the clinical J Med Lib Assoc 101(4) October 2013 287 Greyson et al. informationist specialization, as well as the importance management and services and provides tailored, intensive of both commitment from management and a high information services to a health research team with which level of informationist expertise. Qualitative explora- she or he is integrated. tions of clinically embedded librarians’ experiences [23, 24] have underscored and affirmed expert searching as The following were not, for the purposes of this core to informationists’ work, as well as the need for study, considered to be REHLs: academic liaison informationists to assume an insider-outsider role to librarians, clinical informationists, general hospital understand and add value to the clinical team. librarians, librarians with library management– A subset of embedded librarianship not much focused jobs, and self-employed information consul- discussed in the literature, yet noted in preliminary tants. However, REHLs may hold other non-embedded research and anecdotes as prominent and possibly positions concurrently with a research-embedded job. growing, especially in health, is that of librarians embedded in research groups or teams. Carlson and METHODS Neale’s exploration of ‘‘embedded research librari- ans’’—academic liaison librarians embedded within Aiming to generate a portrait of the characteristics research groups at their universities—identifies de- and employment situations of REHLs, we collected grees of embeddedness, ranging from individual data through: (1) an online, bilingual (French/ project-based integration to ongoing programmatic English) survey and (2) face-to-face and online focus integration [25]. Lorenzetti and Rutherford’s prelimi- group interviews with REHLs. The study was nary grounded theory study of information profes- approved by the ethical review boards of the sionals’ integration into health research teams explored University of Alberta and University of British facilitating and constraining factors experienced by Columbia. embedded information professionals [26]. Both of these early explorations of research-embedded librarianship Data collection emphasize the importance of relationship building, The REHL online survey was an immediate follow-up organizational support, and willingness to engage in to a more general survey of 191 Canadian health interdisciplinary work outside of one’s comfort zone. librarians conducted from March to April 2011. The authors suggest that there is an emerging Survey questions were based on themes and surveys group of embedded librarians, particularly prominent from previous literature on embedded librarianship in health disciplines, who do not fully conform to the (in particular, the Shumaker, Talley, and Miervaldis characteristics of either academic liaison librarians or clinically embedded informationists: research-embed- SLA report [2]) as well as attributes of REHL ded librarians. These research-embedded health li- experiences that we thought were important to brarians (REHLs) may have experiences that differ explore, capture, or benchmark. The survey was from those of more traditional and embedded health drafted in English, translated into French to ensure librarians in hospital or academic library settings. This accessibility across Canada, and piloted on a small paper proposes a definition of research-embedded group of health librarians who had formerly worked health librarianship and explores the research ques- as REHLs. The survey was administered via the tion: ‘‘What are the characteristics of research-embed- bilingual Canadian FluidSurveys online software over ded health librarians and of the situations in which a period of four weeks in March to April 2011. they are employed in Canada?’’ Survey participants were recruited via CANMED- To explore the phenomenon of research-embedded LIB (the primary email discussion list for Canadian health librarianship, our team of four current or health librarians) and various smaller Canadian email former REHLs conducted a bilingual, nationwide, discussion lists of interest to health librarians. All mixed-methods investigation that compared the Canadian health librarians and information specialists demographics of REHLs with other health librarians were invited to participate in the general survey, and explored the work and experiences of REHLs in which included questions about educational back- Canada. Our prior paper reported the comparative ground and career history, employment conditions, demographics of REHLs and non-REHLs, finding and some