Dynasty in Korea
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National Museum of Korea
National Museum of Korea 1. Prehistoric and Ancient History Gallery 1 2. Prehistoric and Ancient History Gallery 2 - 1 - Prehistoric and Ancient 1. The Paleolithic Age, the First Culture History Gallery 1 in History We have now arrived in the Paleolithic Room. During the Paleolithic Age, humans started to use fire, invented tools, and developed a culture. The first humans inhabited Korea from about 700,000 years ago. They were hunter-gatherers and led a nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place to find sufficient food and seeking shelter in caves or on the banks of rivers. The people of the Paleolithic Age initially used natural stones as tools, but gradually began to break and shape them to remove their efficiency. Large, clumsy tools were used at first, but over time the tools were refined and a variety of sharper and smaller tools were developed for different purposes. During the later period of the Paleolithic Age, the stone tools were used in conjunction with pieces of timber or horn. As stone working techniques became even more developed, it was possible to reproduce the same tool. - 2 - Prehistoric and Ancient 2. The Making of Chipped Stone Tools History Gallery 1 [Narration] These are stone tools from the Paleolithic Age. [Tourist] They’re tools? They look like normal stones to me. [Narration] They do, yes, but they really are chipped stone tools that Paleolithic people made and used for many different purposes. [Tourist] How did they chip the stones? [Narration] The simplest method they used was to smash one stone with another stone and hope for the best! Later on, they used stone hammers or horns to chip the stone in a more directed, controlled manner. -
Women's Life During the Chosŏn Dynasty
International Journal of Korean History(Vol.6, Dec.2004) 113 Women’s Life during the Chosŏn Dynasty Han Hee-sook* 1 Introduction The Chosŏn society was one in which the yangban (aristocracy) wielded tremendous power. The role of women in this society was influenced greatly by the yangban class’ attempts to establish a patriarchal family order and a Confucian-based society. For example, women were forced, in accordance with neo-Confucian ideology, to remain chaste before marriage and barred from remarrying once their husbands had passed away. As far as the marriage system was concerned, the Chosŏn era saw a move away from the old tradition of the man moving into his in-laws house following the wedding (男歸女家婚 namgwiyŏgahon), with the woman now expected to move in with her husband’s family following the marriage (親迎制度 ch΄inyŏng jedo). Moreover, wives were rigidly divided into two categories: legitimate wife (ch΄ŏ) and concubines (ch΄ŏp). This period also saw a change in the legal standing of women with regards to inheritance, as the system was altered from the practice of equal, from a gender standpoint, rights to inheritance, to one in which the eldest son became the sole inheritor. These neo-Confucianist inspired changes contributed to the strengthening of the patriarchal system during the Chosŏn era. As a result of these changes, Chosŏn women’s rights and activities became increasingly restricted. * Professor, Dept. of Korean History, Sookmyung Women’s University 114 Women’s Life during the Chosŏn Dynasty During the Chosŏn dynasty women fell into one of the following classifications: female members of the royal family such as the queen and the king’s concubines, members of the yangban class the wives of the landed gentry, commoners, the majority of which were engaged in agriculture, women in special professions such as palace women, entertainers, shamans and physicians, and women from the lowborn class (ch’ŏnin), which usually referred to the yangban’s female slaves. -
Dan-Gun Dan-Gun Is Named After the Holy Dan-Gun, the Legendary Founder of Korea in the Year of 2333 B.C
Dan-Gun Dan-Gun is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2333 B.C. The history of the Dan-Gun Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first kingdom of Korea, in present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the Korean Peninsula. He is said to be the grandson of the god of heaven, and to have founded the kingdom in 2333 BC. Although the term Dangun commonly refers to the founder, some believe it was a title used by all rulers of Gojoseon, and that Wanggeom was the proper name of the founder. Dangun’s ancestry begins with his grandfather Hwanin, the “Lord of Heaven” (a name which also appears in Indian Buddhist texts). Hwanin had a son Hwanung who yearned to live on the earth among the valleys and the mountains. Hwanin permitted Hwanung and 3000 followers to descend onto Baekdu Mountain, then called Taebaek Mountain, where Hwanung founded Sinsi (“City of God”). Along with his ministers of clouds, rain, and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught humans various arts, medicine, and agriculture. One day both a bear and a tiger came to Hwanung’s residence in prayer and asked to be transformed into humans. The god agreed to this gift but on the condition that they remain out of the sun for 100 days and eat only a sacred bunch of mug- worts and 20 garlic cloves. To this the animals agreed and followed his advice. The tiger was unable to keep up with the conditions, but the bear – a female called Ung- nyo – after only 21 days was transformed into a woman. -
2014 Nojin Kwak Korean History
Educator Workshop Korean History Aug.23.2014 Korea in context Korea in context Korea in context Korea in context Terrain • Heavily mountainous • Approximately only 20% of the land is arable • Long shoreline relative to land mass • Climate is temperate, with all four seasons with more extremes at the northern and southern ends Chronological Table Korea The West Roman Republic (753 – 27 BC) BC 1000 Gojoseon (2333 -108 BC) Roman Empire (27BC – 476 AD) Three Kingdoms: Silla(57 BC – 935) AD Birth of Christ Goguryeo (37 BC – 668) 100 Roman Empire (27BC – 476 AD) Baekje (18 BC - 660) Gaya (42-562) Unified Silla Kingdom (676-935) 600 Hegira (622) and beginning of Islamic era Balhae Kingdom (668-928) 900 Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) 1000 First Crusade (1096-1099) 1200 Magna Carta (1215) Marco Polo (1254-1324) Italian Renaissance (1330 – 1550) 1300 Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) The Hundred Years' War (1338-1453) Gutenberg's Press (1492) 1400 Columbus discovers America (1492) 1500 Martin Luther launches reform of the church (1517) 1600 The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) American Independence (1776) 1700 French Revolution (1789-1793) 1800 American Civil War (1861-1865) Annexation by Japan (1910) World War I (1914-1918) 1900 Establishment of the ROK (1948) World War II (1939-1945) Gojoseon (2333 -108 BC) 2333 BC: Gochoson (Old Choson) • Name means “ancient Joseon” • Divided into a number of separate tribes • Dependent on agriculture • The territory of Gojoseon was invaded by the Han Dynasty of China during the Gojoseon-Han War in 108 BC The Three Kingdoms(57 BC – 676) • Goguryeo : Territorially the largest and considered the most powerful of the kingdoms • Baekje : Began in the Han River basin (near present day Seoul) • Silla : Joined forces with the people of Goguryeo and Baekje to drive out Tang forces • United Silla(676- 935) & Balhae (698-926) • The United Silla: Promoted the development of culture and arts the popularity of Buddhism reached its peak • Balhae: Balhae was a mixed ethnic Korean and Mohe empire established in northern Korea after the fall of Goguryeo. -
Confucian Protestant Churches Crossing the Pacific: a Sociological Study of Pre-Christian Asian Influences on Korean Immigrant Churches in America
CONFUCIAN PROTESTANT CHURCHES CROSSING THE PACIFIC: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PRE-CHRISTIAN ASIAN INFLUENCES ON KOREAN IMMIGRANT CHURCHES IN AMERICA A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Byung Kwan Chae May 2014 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Terry Rey, Advisory Chair, Religion Dr. Sydney D. White, Religion Dr. Leonard Swidler, Religion Dr. Kimberly A. Goyette, External Member, Sociology © Copyright 2014 by Byung Kwan Chae All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation is a sociological exploration of Korean Protestant immigrant churches in the United States and the influence of Confucian traditions on them. Neo- Confucianism was accepted as the state ideology in Korea in the late fourteenth century, and its influences are still strong in Koreans’ expressions of thought and worldviews, and Korean immigrants in the United States are no exception. Confucian elements are observed not only in Korean Protestant churches in Korea but also Korean immigrant churches in the United States. Thus, it can be said that Korean immigrant churches have the characteristics of a transnational religious institution. Transnationally, Confucian characteristics affect Korean churches. Further, Confucian traditions are integral to a collective consciousness for Korean immigrants, and thus their relationships and manners, based on Confucian traditions and teachings, enable them to maintain and reinforce their social solidarity. Moreover, such Confucian teachings and cultural mores are inculcated in most Koreans’ habitus. As social agents, church members use symbolic capital, such as age and Confucian manners, to gain higher status in the church. In particular, age can be considered generational capital that determines and legitimizes church members’ positions. -
Karl Barth's Reception in Korea
KARL BARTH'S RECEPTION IN KOREA: FOCUSING ON ECCLESIOLOGY IN RELATION TO KOREAN CHRISTIAN THOUGHT YOUNG-GWAN KIM FACULTY OFRELIGIOUS STUDIES, McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL DECEMBER 2001 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COPYRIGHT BY YOUNG-GWAN KIM DECEMBER 2001 COPY NO. 1 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 canada canada Your file Vol... r6Mrenœ Our file Notre rëférenœ The author bas granted a non L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library ofCanada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies ofthis thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership ofthe L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son penmSSlOn. autorisation. 0-612-78706-0 Canada TABLE OFCONTENTS ABSTRACT -------- - --- - - - - - - - ---- - - - --- - - ----- - ----- - --- - - - 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - - - - --- - - - -- - - ----- - ------------------ VIl LIST OFABBREVIATIONS - - - ---- - -------------------- - --- - - --- IX GLOSSARY -- - ----------------------------------------- - --- X INTRODUCTION: THE RECEPTION OF KARL BARTH'S THEOLOGY IN KOREA - - - - - - - 1 Chapter 1. AN ACCOUNT OFTHE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIANITY IN KOREA AND THE ROLE OF CONFOCIANISM IN ITS RAPID GROWTH ------------ - ---- - - - - - - ----- - 8 A. -
The Influence of Shamanism on Korean Churches and How to Overcome It
Guillermin Library Liberty University Lynchburg, VA 24502 REFERENCE DO NOT CIRCULATE LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY THE INFLUENCE OF SHAMANISM ON KOREAN CHURCHES AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT A Thesis Project Submitted to Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF MINISTRY By Jin - Woo Lee Ll9F) Lynchburg, Virginia May, 2000 Copyright 2000 Jin Woo Lee All Rights Reserved 11 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY THESIS PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET GRADE MENTOR READER 111 ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF SHAMANISM ON KOREAN CHURCHES AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT Jin Woo Lee Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, 2000 Mentor: Dr. Frank J. Schmitt What problem do Korean churches have now? Korean churches have had serious growth problems since the 1990s'. Although Korean churches have grown rapidly with the economic growth of Korea, there have been many contributions and evil influences of shamanism, which lies deep in the minds of Korean people. Obviously, shamanism has made a contribution to growth of the Korean church since Christianity was introduced. Many churches and pastors have consented to or utilized such a tendency. However, this created serious problems. Shamanism is anti-Biblical. Shamanism brought about a theoretical combination, transmutation of religion and many mistakes in church life. A questionnaire was used to reveal; these facts. Ultimately, this thesis calls attention to shamanist elements in Korean churches and suggests how to eliminate them. Abstract length: 125 words IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Liberty University has become one of my almamaters. I have some good memories of going to the classrooms on the quiet snowy campus. There was also a great change in me while I was taking the courses. -
Our Lady of Victory National Shrine and Basilica
OUR LADY OF VICTORY NATIONAL SHRINE AND BASILICA 767 Ridge Road, Lackawanna, New York 14218 Phone: (716) 828-9444; FAX: (716) 828-9429 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ourladyofvictory.org Sunday, August 11, 2019 - Nineteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time PASTOR/RECTOR: Rev. Msgr. David G. LiPuma SCHOOL: IN RESIDENCE: Rev. Msgr. Paul J. E. Burkard 2760 South Park Avenue, Lackawanna, NY Mrs. Carolyn M. Kraus, Principal PAROCHIAL VICARS: Rev. Justin J. Steeg Phone: (716) 828-9434 Rev. Romulus Rosolowski, OFM Conv. E-mail: [email protected] DEACON: Deacon Michael V. Comerford Website: www.ourladyofvictoryelementary.org RECTORY OFFICE HOURS: Monday-Friday: 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. RELIGIOUS ED OFFICE: Saturday: 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. 2760 South Park Avenue, Lackawanna, NY Sunday: Closed Ms. Carmelann Ziccardi, Director Phone: (716) 828-9437 SUNDAY MASSES: E-mail: [email protected] Saturday Vigil: 4:30 p.m. Sunday: 8:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m. (Folk Mass), GIFT SHOP and MUSEUM: Noon (Choir), 4:30 p.m. Dianne Bosinski, Tours & Basilica Programs HOLY DAY MASSES: Please see bulletin (716) 828-9424/[email protected] Jerome Welsch, Jr., Gift Shop Manager WEEKDAY MASSES: 7:30 a.m., 12:10 p.m. (Mon.-Sat.) (716) 828-9433/[email protected] 8:15 a.m. (Friday when school is in session) SACRAMENT OF PENANCE: GIFT SHOP and MUSEUM HOURS; Saturday: 3:00-4:00 p.m. and 7:00-7:30 p.m. Daily 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Eve of Holy Day: 3:00-4:00 p.m. -
ESSWE Newsletter: I Hope the Member’S Book Showcase, As by Now Is Usual, Occupies More You Are All Keeping Safe and Healthy
The Newsletter of the ESSWE European Society for Summer 2020 the Study of Western Volume 11, Number 1 Esotericism Newsletter Words from the Editor – Chris Giudice Words from the Editor (p. 1) New Publications (p. 2) Scholar Interviews (p. 3) New Sub-Networks (p. 9) Conference Reports (p. 10) Upcoming Conferences (p. 12) Welcome to the summer issue of the ESSWE newsletter: I hope The member’s book showcase, as by now is usual, occupies more you are all keeping safe and healthy. In this issue, for obvious than one page, and it’s a pleasure to see the field of Western reasons, there will be no reviews of past conferences, but I have esotericism blossoming and making its presence felt in many balanced the lack of conference write-ups with more book reviews different fields, through the interdisciplinary approach of many and upcoming events, which I hope we will all be able to attend in authors. As to the scholar interviews, this time I wanted to 2021. The call for papers for the 8th ESSWE is out, and it will be highlight the work in the field by Zurich’s ETH: therefore wonderful to meet you all in Cork, where the wide-ranging theme Professor Andreas Kilcher and PhD scholar Chloë Sugden have of ‘Western esotericism and Creativity’ will surely be tackled in been kind enough to provide me with very interesting answers. many different ways. A special message by the president of Hope you are all enjoying your summer and that we will all be ESSWE can be found on page 2, along with all the new dates for able to reconvene in Cork in 10 months’ time! ♦ future ESSWE activities. -
Lunar New Year Macarthur, General Douglas
894 Lunar New Year The lunar New Year, known as 561, W6ndan, W6ni! or Cbongch '0, is one of the most important holidays in Korea. During this holiday, there are traffic jams throughout the country as people rush to see their family and relatives. On the morning of Lunar New Year, people don traditional dress (hanbok). Various foods and wine are prepared, and then set in front of an ancestral tablet. The table is meticulously arranged according to Confucian tradition; however, many families also have their own traditions governing details of the arrangement. In general, fish is put on the east, meat on the west, fruit in front, rice and soup behind and liquor on the front table. A ceremony is then held during which the male family members pay respect to their deceased ancestors up to the fourth generation by making three full bows. Family members also visit the graves of their deceased ancestors. On this holiday, after cutting the grass from around the grave, they make a simple offering and then bow three times. In addition to paying respect to the deceased, each family member is expected to make two formal bows to his or her elders. According to custom, the elders then give the person a gift of money, particularly if the person is a child. Special foods are prepared for this holiday. In particular, rice-cake soup is typically served instead ofrice. For this reason, the question 'How many bowls of rice-cake soup have you eaten?' is sometimes used to ask one's age. In North Korea and China, mandu (dumpling) soup is often eaten instead. -
Korea Between the United States and China: How Does Hedging Work? Park Jin 60 | Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies
59 Korea Between the United States and China: How Does Hedging Work? Park Jin 60 | Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies “We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies.” The words of the 19th- century British statesman Lord Palmerstone seem to resonate in 21st-century Asia. For example, China and the United States fought against each other during the Korean War, but now the two great powers are exploring a new style of constructive strategic partnership. Japan and Vietnam fought against the United States in the last century, but they too are now strong allies and major strategic partners of the United States. In this fast-changing region of explosive economic growth and constant power shifts, even the most traditional alliances are being tested while previously unlikely partnerships are being forged. Amid deepening uncertainty and ambiguity, states continue to struggle to answer that fundamental question of foreign policy: friend or foe? The same question was much easier to answer during the Cold War period; the world was divided into two blocs, and small and middle powers only had to choose between them. My friend’s friend was a friend, and my enemy’s friend was an enemy. After the bipolar world turned into a unipolar hegemony whether you chose to be a friend or a foe to the United States, the choice was still a binary one.1 Such reassuring simplicity has been fading away rapidly. With the projected rise of a new superpower in China and the perceived challenges to the U.S.-centric hub-and- spokes system in an age where economic interdependence has increased and power shift has occurred, especially in Asia, it requires a sophisticated diplomacy to adapt to the perceived shifts in geopolitical landscape and to optimize a policy mix for managing alliances and new partnerships. -
"By My Spirit"
"BY MY SPIRIT" BY THE REV. JONATHAN GOFORTH, D.D. MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, LTD. l..oNDON AND EDINBURGH Printed in Great Britain by Hunt, Barnard & Co., Ltd~, London and Aylesbury, PREFACE A MISSIONARY of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, Dr. Jonathan Goforth, has, for a long period of years, been stationed in Manchuria, China, and during his ministry there has been wonderfully used of God, not only in declaring the incomparable message of a Saviour's redeeming love, but also in the inauguration of Revival movements which have brought rich and abiding blessing upon the Church and its members. For a number of years p1essure has been brought to bear upon him to write an account of his Revival experiences in the hope that these might have a message for the whole Church of Christ and point the way to that spiritual quicken ing of which it is so much in need . But while realising the importance of making known to all the world the great things which the Lord has done for His people· in China, Dr. Goforth has felt that the preaching of the Gospel had first claim upon his time, and to that urgent task he devoted himself with a zeal and an energy that left no opportunity for other pursuits. Recently, 1'owever, a change of circumstances gave to him the opening for which he had been waiting. Laid aside from preaching for several months, and having his youngest son, Frederick, with him on a visit, he PREFACE dictated to him the substance of this volume, and thus at last the thrilling record of the mighty move ments of the Holy Spirit has been prepared for press.