Land Off Bath Road Leonard Stanley Gloucestershire

Land off Bath Road Leonard Stanley Gloucestershire

for Hunter Page Planning

CA Project: 5605

CA Report: 15743

October 2015 Land off Bath Road Leonard Stanley Gloucestershire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 5605 CA Report: 15743

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 5 October Mark Brett Cliff Internal Cliff 2015 Bateman review Bateman

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 3

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES...... 5

4. METHODOLOGY...... 5

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3) ...... 6

6. THE FINDS ...... 9

8. DISCUSSION...... 10

9. CA PROJECT TEAM...... 11

10. REFERENCES...... 12

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS...... 13 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 15 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM...... 16

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 3 Photograph and section: pond 503, looking west (2 x 1m scales) and ditch 903 (1:20)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Land off Bath Road Location: Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire NGR: ST 8017 0358 Type: Evaluation Date: 16-18 September 2015 Location of Archive: To be deposited with The Museum in the Park, Stroud Site Code: LEO 15

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in September 2015 on land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire. Ten trenches were excavated.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In September 2015 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Hunter Page Planning on land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: ST 8017 0358; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken, at the request of Charles Parry, Archaeologist, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), the archaeological advisor to Stroud District Council (SDC), to inform a forthcoming planning application for residential development.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2015) and approved by Mr Parry. The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English Heritage 2006).

The site 1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 3.4ha in extent, and comprises land within a single field to the north of Bath Road, Leonard Stanley. The site is bordered to the south by Bath Road itself, and to the east, west and north by field boundaries. The site is situated on a gentle north-facing slope which descends to the River Frome approximately 700m to the north, and lies between 35m and 45m AOD

1.4 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Blue Lias Formation and Charmouth Mudstone, laid down during the Jurassic and Triassic periods. No drift deposits are recorded within the site (BGS 2015). The natural substrate identified during the course of the current works varied between clay, silty clay and clay with gravel patches.

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The application area has been subject to a Heritage Desk-Based Assessment and geophysical survey (CA 2014 and GSB 2015 respectively). The assessment established that no archaeological heritage assets of the highest significance

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

(designated or nationally important) are currently recorded within the current site or its immediate proximity (CA 2014).

2.2 The assessment noted that substantial quantities of worked Mesolithic and Neolithic flint have previously been recorded during gravel extraction 500m to the north-west of the site. A large cropmark complex, indicative of a prehistoric settlement, has also been recorded 500m to the north-west of the site. Although no evidence of associated cropmarks was revealed extending into the proposed development site, the assessment did conclude that there was the potential for peripheral features associated with this settlement, such as field systems, to extend into the current site (ibid.).

2.3 Evidence of Romano-British occupation from the 3rd and 4th centuries, tentatively interpreted as a possible villa, was identified during archaeological excavations at The Priory Church, 350m to the south of the site. The church itself originated in the Saxon period before developing in the medieval period as an ecclesiastical centre (ibid.).

2.4 Leonard Stanley is recorded in the Domesday Book, and was a significant local centre. A market was granted to the town by Edward II, which was recorded as the only market within the Hundred. The ‘Seven Waters’, a complex of fishponds and dams to the west of Leonard Stanley, is of medieval date and lies 500m to the south-west of the site (ibid.). It has been suggested that a post-medieval, and possibly earlier, fulling mill was founded in, or in close proximity to, the site on the lowest pond of Seven Waters (Ortzen 1980, 11).

2.5 The proposed development site lies outside of the historic core of Leonard Stanley, and there is no evidence for any medieval settlement remains to lie within it. Rather, it may have formed part of the agricultural hinterland of the settlement during the medieval period (CA 2014).

2.6 The geophysical survey identified no anomalies of archaeological origin. Responses of uncertain origin were interpreted as probable drainage installations associated with the adjacent river, although they coincide with an enclosure shown on historic mapping before 1902. A former field boundary and a footpath were also detected, and a ridge and furrow agricultural regime identified. Some weak trends are likely to be of agricultural origin (GSB 2015)

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

3. AIM S AN D O B JEC T IVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014), the evaluation has been designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable SDC to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 10 trenches (Trenches 1-10), in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Originally the trenches were each to measure 40m in length, however, the presence of live overhead power lines necessitated the repositioning and/or the shortening of Trenches 1-3, 5, 6 and 9, with the approval of Mr Parry. Each trench measured 1.6m in width and was set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.2 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites, however, no deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

4.4 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner, the artefacts will be deposited with The Museum in the Park, Stroud, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

5.2 Archaeological features were identified within the majority of the trenches, with the exception of Trench 10, where no features or deposits were encountered, and Trenches 1 and 8 which contained only agricultural features, including furrows and land drains. Similar agricultural features were recorded within Trenches 4-9, predominately aligned approximately north-north-west/south-south-east, with the exception of Trench 1, where they lay on a west-north-west/east-south-east orientation.

Trench 2 (Fig. 2) 5.3 At the south-western end of the trench, the natural substrate was directly overlain by dumped building debris 202, containing 19th-century brick and tile, possibly utilised as a levelling deposit or hardstanding. This material extended for a distance of 15m through the trench and beyond the south-western limit of excavation. This deposit was directly overlain by topsoil.

Trench 3 (Fig. 2) 5.4 Ditch 303 broadly corresponded with a north-north-east/south-south-west aligned linear geophysical anomaly which represented one of a series identified along the western edge of the site. The ditch cut through subsoil layer 301 into natural substrate 302 and measured 5.4m wide and 1.45m deep. It had unsymmetrical sides, which sloped gradually to a flattish base, and contained slumped clay deposit 310 which was sealed by a series of six further deposits seemingly dumped into the ditch to intentionally backfill it. Pottery dating to the 18th century was recovered from fill 306, representing the fourth of these deposits.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.5 The uppermost fills of the ditch were cut by a ceramic land drain and the sequence was sealed by topsoil 300. No evidence was identified for the eastern-most, and broadly parallel, geophysical anomaly.

Trench 4 (Fig. 2) 5.6 The excavation of Trench 4 exposed the remains of a possible wall, 406, and a parallel ditch, 403. Both were aligned west-north-west/east-south-east and corresponded with a boundary depicted on the 1880 First Edition Ordnance Survey map and, as such, were recorded in plan only and not subject to hand excavation.

5.7 Ditch 403 was 2.1m wide and its uppermost fill, 404, comprised dark brown clayey silt containing wood inclusions and fragments of limestone, the latter evidently derived from wall 406, approximately 1.5m to the north. Possible wall 406 survived as limestone rubble in a clay matrix that may represent debris remaining from the robbing of the actual wall. Alternatively, the possibility that this represents a deliberate episode of backfilling within a further ditch cannot be discounted.

5.8 Both features were sealed directly by topsoil layer 400.

Trench 5 (Figs 2 & 3) 5.9 Trench 5 was targeted on the southern extent of a number of linear geophysical anomalies close to the western limit of the site. Excavation of the north-west/south- east arm of the trench revealed broad, shallow pond 503, which cut through the subsoil into the natural silty clay below. This feature measured approximately 10.5m in width and was at least 0.65m deep. It contained a series of three fills, including primary silting deposit 504, which measured a maximum of 0.2m in thickness. This material was overlain by a mixed deposit of dumped material, 505, comprising mainly stone and sand, which contained late 18th to 19th-century pottery. Deposit 505 was in turn sealed by thin layer 506 which appears to have derived from silting within the hollow formed by the settling of deposit 505 below.

5.10 Ditch 507, most probably a continuation of ditch 303 identified in Trench 3, was partially exposed at the north-western end of the north-west/south-east arm of the trench, where its western edge extended beyond the limit of excavation. As with pond 503, it cut through the subsoil into the natural substrate below. It was at least 3m wide and 0.6m deep, and contained at least two fills. The latest of these, deposit 509, contained late 18th to mid 19th-century pottery.

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.11 The geophysical anomaly targeted in the north-east/south-west arm of the trench correlated with a ceramic land drain. Evidence of north/south aligned furrows was revealed within the trench.

Trench 6 (Fig. 2) 5.12 Gully 603 was aligned north-north-east/south-south-west and correlated with the location of a linear geophysical anomaly. It cut the natural substrate and measured 0.65m in width and 0.25m in depth. It had an unsymmetrical profile, with moderately sloping sides and a rounded base, and contained a single fill, 604, presumed to derive from natural silting and slumping of the sides. This material contained no finds and was sealed by subsoil that was in turn overlain by topsoil.

Trench 7 (Fig. 2) 5.13 Although gully 703 appeared to be orientated north/south, its location corresponded well with a linear geophysical anomaly that lay parallel to gully 603 identified in Trench 6. Gully 703 cut the natural substrate and measured 0.65m wide and 0.2m deep. In common with gully 603, it had a slightly unsymmetrical profile with moderately sloping sides and a concave base. It contained silting deposit 704, from which no finds were recovered. The gully was sealed by subsoil that was in turn overlain by topsoil.

Trench 9 (Figs 2 & 4) 5.14 East/west aligned features 903 and 906 were exposed towards opposite ends of the trench. Ditch 903, close to the southern limit of the trench, survived to 1.05m wide and up to 0.4m deep. It had an irregular profile with a steep southern side and a more gradually sloping northern side. It contained two fills, both likely to have derived from different episodes of silting, from which medieval pottery dating to the 12th to 13th centuries was recovered.

5.15 Gully 906 corresponded broadly with the location of an east/west aligned linear geophysical anomaly and was 0.5m wide and 0.15m deep. It had a shallow irregular profile and was filled by silting deposit 907 from which no finds were recovered.

5.16 Both archaeological features within this trench were sealed by subsoil that was in turn overlain by topsoil.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material was hand-recovered from eight deposits: ditch fills and subsoil. The recovered material dates to the medieval and post-medieval/modern periods. Quantities of the artefact types are given in Appendix B. The pottery has been recorded according to sherd count/weight per fabric. Recording also included form/rim morphology and any evidence for use in the form of carbonised/other residues (although none was apparent). Where possible pottery fabric codes are equated to the type series established for Gloucester by Vince (unpublished).

Pottery: medieval 6.2 A total of 21 sherds (216g) of pottery of medieval date was recovered. The assemblage is moderately broken up, as evidenced by the average sherd weight of 10g. In terms of surface preservation and edge abrasion, condition is moderate to good, with some loss of glaze noted on the Minety ware.

6.3 Thirteen sherds, from five deposits, are in Cotswold oolitic limestone-tempered ware (TF41b). Included are sherds from vessels with ‘club’ rims from subsoil 501 and fill 905 of ditch 903. This type of pottery is commonly found in Gloucestershire, dating to the 11th to 13th centuries. Three bodysherds of North Wiltshire oolitic limestone- tempered ware (Minety ware) (TF44) were recorded in two deposits. One, from subsoil 501, features horizontal bands of combed decoration. All sherds are in the handmade variant of this pottery type and are, therefore, dateable to the mid 12th to 13th centuries. Five sherds in handmade, unglazed, sand-tempered fabrics (TF42) are likely to date to the 12th to 13th centuries.

Post-medieval/modern 6.4 Pottery from this date range totals four sherds (125g) from three deposits. The average sherd weight of 31g is suggestive of a low degree of fragmentation and condition is otherwise very good.

6.5 A bodysherd from fill 306 of ditch 303 in a white-firing fabric (STA), featuring red slip and black glaze, is most likely a product of the Staffordshire fabrics, dateable to the 18th century. A bodysherd in Transfer-printed refined whiteware (TF50), from fill 505 of pond 503, is of late 18th to 19th century date. From fill 509 within pond 503 are: a base sherd from a vessel in Creamware (TF69), which was manufactured during the 18th century; and a substantial, full-profile sherd from a small cup made in

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Pearlware (TF50). The transfer-printed design, in green, includes a sheep and is likely to have been intended for a child. This ware type dates to the late 18th to mid 19th centuries.

Ceramic building material 6.6 Four fragments of ceramic building material, in a poor to moderate condition, from fill 905 of ditch 903. Although too fragmentary for dating or further classification they were recovered in association with 12th to 13th-century pottery.

Worked stone 6.7 Subsoil 801 produced a fragment of sandstone, most likely used as roofing material and of medieval date.

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 The evaluation identified a number of archaeological features within the proposed development area, the majority of which evidently relate to the medieval and post- medieval/modern agricultural and possible industrial use of the site.

8.2 The fieldwork has also demonstrated the accuracy of the preceding geophysical survey, identifying the majority of the anomalies anticipated within the southern part of the site, with the exception of the postulated continuation of ditch 906 within Trench 8. Similarly, no archaeological features corresponding with the four linear anomalies targeted by Trenches 1, 2 and 10 were identified during by the evaluation. Conversely, the geophysical survey failed to identify ditch 903 within Trench 9, although the later does correlate with the projected alignment of a furrow and also with an area of ferrous disturbance.

8.3 The main complex of features identified by the geophysical survey along the western limit of the site indicate an elaborate pattern of water management features, including the large ditches and pond identified in Trenches 3 and 5. These are presumably associated with the lowest, northernmost of a series of seven medieval ponds and dams which extended northwards from St Leonard’s Priory to the south and from which the name of the local area, Seven Waters, is derived (GCC 2007). The lowest pond at Seven Waters is believed to have powered a fulling mill during the post-medieval period and possibly before (Ortzen 1980). The rubble

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

encountered within Trench 2, which corresponds with an area of ferrous or magnetic disturbance on the geophysical survey, may represent debris from this mill, of which no evidence above ground survives.

8.4 Evidently associated with the medieval use of the site was ditch 903 in Trench 9, however, insufficient evidence was recovered during the evaluation to indicate a function for the ditch.

8.5 Gullies 603, 703 and 906, located within the southern part of the site, were all of similar size and appear associated with a broadly co-axial alignment, possibly demarcating part of a field system. That these features were all sealed beneath the subsoil suggests that they are likely to pre-date the medieval/post-medieval ridge and furrow, however, in the absence of any dating evidence, what period they actually date to remains unproven.

8.6 The geophysical survey indicated that evidence for ridge and furrow cultivation extended throughout the majority of the site, on a broadly east/west alignment. Within the northern part of the site, the results from Trench 1 corroborate this evidence, however furrows extending on alignments varying from north/south to north-west/south-east within Trenches 4-9 suggest that the boundary extending through Trench 4 and depicted on the 1880 First Edition Ordnance Survey map may have been established along an earlier headland which separates the two alignments of furrows and that the east/west aligned anomalies identified by the geophysical survey may actually represent later, more superficial features, possibly associated with steam ploughing.

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Dan Sausins, assisted by Chris Watts and Sam Bateman. The report was written by Mark Brett and the finds report was written by Jacky Sommerville. The illustrations were prepared by Lucy Martin. The archive has been compiled by Mark Brett and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Cliff Bateman.

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

10. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 11 September 2015

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2014 Land at Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire. Heritage Desk-based Assessment. CA typescript report 14608

CA 2015 Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Watching Brief

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

GSB 2015 Land at Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire. Geophysical Survey Report G1528

GCC (Gloucestershire County Council) 2007 Gloucestershire Historic Towns Survey, Stroud District Archaeological Assessments: Leonard Stanley

Ortzen, A. 1980 The Village of Leonard Stanley

Vince, A. G. Guide to the Pottery of Gloucester. Unpublished type fabric series.

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill Context Description L (m) W (m) D (m) Spot-date No. No. of interpretation 1 100 Layer Topsoil Dark brow n clayey silt 0.2 1 101 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.15 1 101 Layer Natural Light yellow /blue clay N/K substrate 2 200 Layer Topsoil Dark brow n clayey silt 0.2 2 201 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.1 2 202 Layer Levelling/ Building rubble and stone >15.0 >1.6 dumping 2 203 Layer Natural Light yellow /blue clay N/K substrate 3 300 Layer Topsoil Mid yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.2 3 301 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.48 3 302 Layer Natural Brow nishred silty clay N/K substrate 3 303 Cut Ditch N/S aligned, moderately sloping 5.4 1.46 sides, flat base 3 304 Fill 303 Ditch fill Mid brow nish grey clayey silt 5.4 0.46 3 305 Fill 303 Ditch fill Mid grey clayey silt 3.34 0.05 3 306 Fill 303 Ditch fill Mid brow nish yellow silty clay 5.1 0.36 3 307 Fill 303 Ditch fill Mid bluish grey clayey silt 2.74 0.32 3 308 Fill 303 Ditch fill Light orangey yellow degraded 1.7 0.04 sandstone 3 309 Fill 303 Ditch fill Mid bluish grey silty clay 1.44 0.36 3 310 Fill 303 Ditch fill Mid bluish grey silty clay 1.88 0.26 4 400 Layer Topsoil Dark brow n clayey silt 0.3 4 401 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.25 4 402 Layer Natural Light yellow /blue clay N/K substrate 4 403 Cut Ditch E/W aligned, unexcavated >1.6 2.1 4 404 Fill 203 Ditch fill Dark brow nish black clayey silt 0.03 4 405 Cut Construction cut >1.6 2.2 0.03 4 406 Masonry Wall Angular limestone blocks w ith pale >1.6 2.1 clay inclusions 5 500 Layer Topsoil Mid yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.3 5 501 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.45 5 502 Layer Natural Brow nishred silty clay N/K substrate 5 503 Cut Pond Broad, shallow concave, gently to N/K 10.5 >0.65 moderately sloping sides 5 504 Fill 503 Pond fill Dark blackish grey silty clay <0.15 5 505 Fill 503 Pond fill Mid brow nish red silty clay <0.42 5 506 Fill 503 Pond fill Dark brow nish grey silty clay <0.1 5 507 Cut Ditch N/S aligned, moderately sloping >3.0 >0.6 sides, flat base 5 508 Fill 507 Ditch fill Light greyish brow n silty clay >0.3 5 509 Fill 507 Ditch fill Dark brow nish grey silty clay 0.3 6 600 Layer Topsoil Dark brow n clayey silt 0.21 6 601 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.3 6 602 Layer Natural Orangey yellow clay N/K substrate 6 603 Cut Gully NW/SE aligned, moderately 0.63 0.23 sloping sides, slightly rounded base 6 604 Fill 603 Gully fill Mid orangey grey silty clay 0.63 0.23 7 700 Layer Topsoil Light greyish brow n silty clay 0.26 7 701 Layer Subsoil Mid brow nish yellow silty clay 0.3 7 702 Layer Natural Light brow nish yellow clayey silt N/K substrate

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

7 703 Cut Gully N/S aligned, moderately sloping 0.64 0.22 sides, concave base 7 704 Fill 703 Gully fill Light brow nish yellow silty clay 0.64 0.22 8 800 Layer Topsoil Light greyish brow n silty clay 0.17 8 801 Layer Subsoil Mid brow nish yellow silty clay 0.22 8 802 Layer Natural Light brow nish yellow clayey silt N/K substrate 8 803 Cut Furrow NW/SE aligned, moderately 3m N/K sloping sides, concave base 8 804 Fill 803 Furrow fill Light greyish brow n silty clay N/K 9 900 Layer Topsoil Light greyish brow n silty clay 0.34 9 901 Layer Subsoil Mid brow nish yellow silty clay 0.19 9 902 Layer Natural Light brow nish yellow clay silt N/K substrate 9 903 Cut Ditch E/W aligned, moderately sloping 1.05 0.38 sides, concave base 9 904 Fill 903 Ditch fill Mid brow nish grey silty clay 0.48 0.11 9 905 Fill 903 Ditch fill Light greyish brow n silty clay 1.05 0.29 9 906 Cut Gully E/W aligned, moderately sloping 0.51 0.17 sides, concave base 9 907 Fill 906 Gully fill Light yellow ish brow n silty clay 0.51 0.17 10 1000 Layer Topsoil Dark brow n clayey silt 0.2 10 1001 Layer Deposit Gravel 0.05 10 1002 Layer Subsoil Light yellow ish brown clayey silt 0.2 10 1003 Layer Natural Greyish orange clay and gravel N/K substrate

14 © Cotswold Archaeology Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Table 1: Finds concordance Context Category Description Fabric Count Weight Spot-date Code (g) 306 Post-medieval pottery Staffordshire glazed ware STA 1 5 C18 501 Medieval pottery Cotswold oolitic limestone- TF41b 3 27 MC12-C13 tempered ware Medieval pottery Minety ware TF44 1 28 505 Post-medieval/ Transfer-printed refined TF50 1 11 LC18-C19 modern pottery whiteware 509 Post-medieval pottery Creamware TF69 1 9 LC18-MC19 Post-medieval pottery Transfer-printed Pearlware TF50 1 100 701 Medieval pottery Cotswold oolitic limestone- TF41b 5 47 C12-C13 tempered ware Medieval pottery Unglazed sand-tempered fabric TF42 4 20 801 Medieval pottery Cotswold oolitic limestone- TF41b 1 1 C11-C13 tempered ware Worked stone Roof tile 1 194 904 Medieval pottery Cotswold oolitic limestone- TF41b 1 5 C12-C13 tempered ware Medieval pottery Unglazed sand-tempered fabric TF42 1 11 905 Medieval pottery Cotswold oolitic limestone- TF41b 3 38 MC12-C13 tempered ware Medieval pottery Minety ware TF44 2 39 Ceramic building Fragment 4 14 material

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in September 2015 on land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire. Ten trenches were excavated.

The evaluation identified a number of archaeological features within the proposed development area. These included ditches and a pond associated with a post-medieval, and possibly earlier, fulling mill and a number of gullies possibly associated with a field system of unknown date. Project dates 16-18 September 2015 Project type Evaluation Previous work Heritage Desk-Based Assessment (CA 2014) Geophysical survey (GSB 2015)

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire Study area c. 3.44ha Site co-ordinates NGR ST 8017 0358

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Cliff Bateman Project Supervisor Mark Brett MONUMENT TYPE Mill pond, ridge and furrow, ditch SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content

Physical The Museum in the Park, Stroud Pottery, ceramic and stone building material Paper The Museum in the Park, Stroud Trench recording forms, context sheets, photographic register, Permatrace drawings Digital The Museum in the Park, Stroud Digital photographs BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2015 Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 15743

16 N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Cotswold Andover 01264 347630 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Gloucestershire Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

01km

FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2014 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 5605 DATE 13/10/2015 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY LG/LM REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY CB SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 380100 380200 N FB Trench 3a 203800

Path (um)

site boundary evaluation trench Trench 2 archaeological feature structure Trench 10 furrow Trench 3b deposit 201 modern

ditch 303 field drain

203700 Trench 1 exclusion zone for overhead power cables

Geophysics Key

wall 406 (GSB Prospection Ltd) Townsend Barn

WALL 1

ditch 403 Uncertain Origin Trench 4 Trench 3 manhole cover (discrete anomaly / trend)

Old field boundary

public footpath Ridge and furrow)

Trench 7 Ferrous / Magnetic Old Lawn 203600 Trench 5 disturbance) gully 703 inset ditch 507 Trench 6

gully 602

Trench 8 0 50m gully 906

Reproduced from the Ordnance Surve digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109.

pond 503 Trench 5 Trench 9

Andover 01264 347630 A Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 ditch 903 A w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk Bath Road e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE

203500 6 Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley

Shelter Gloucestershire

2 FIGURE TITLE 8 TCB Trench location plan showing 16 LB archaeological features and 39.5m geophysical survey results

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 5605 FIGURE NO. Tannery CHECKED BY CMB SCALE@A3 1:1250 DATE 13/10/2015 (inset 1:200) 2 P:\5605 Bath Road Leonard Stanley Glos EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\5605 Bath Road Leonard Stanley Glos EVAL Figure 02.dwg Leonard Stanley Glos EVAL Bath Road Leonard Stanley Glos EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\5605 P:\5605 Bath Road Pond 503, looking West (1m scales)

Section AA

NS 41.6m AOD topsoil 900

subsoil 901

905

904

ditch 903

0 1m

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land off Bath Road, Leonard Stanley Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Photograph & section

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 5605 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DB DATE 13/10/15 APPROVED BY CB SCALE@A4 1:20 3 17