GHANA STUDIES COUNCIL

Newsletter Number 14 Spring 2001

are hopeful that several of these contributions will become future articles for our journal, Ghana Studies. Chair's Remarks By David Owusu-Ansah I was also very pleased to see so many of us at the Women's Caucus-sponsored panel on I extend my thanks to all of our association Yaa Asantewaa. Whilhemana Donkor members who attended the 43rd annual ASA (KNUST at Kumase), Linda Day (Hunter meeting in Nashville TN. Special thanks to College), Jean Allman (Illinois at Urbana) Akosua Adomako-Ampofo of the University and Ivor Agyeman-Dua (Journalist) presented of Ghana) and Rebecca Laumann (University on this panel. (See an update on Ivor of Memphis) for helping with the several Agyeman-Duah’s report on the Yaa travel grant applications we sent out. The Asantewaa documentary in this issue of GSC African Studies Association Visiting Scholars Newsletter.) Fund contributed to bringing Professor Francis Agbodeka’s to participate in the GSC For the November 2001 ASA conference at panel. The Spencer Foundation and Ghana Houston, TX, Ghana Studies Council has Airways were also among our supporters. submitted two panels. "Of trees, travelers and Certainly, it was a delight to have the chiefs" will be a panel discussion of recent presence of a sizeable contingent of our scholarship on the history of the timber colleagues from Ghanaian universities. industry, the current state of the tourism Professors Akilagpa Sawyerr (former Vice industry and a discussion the state of Chancellor of the University of Ghana) and chieftaincy in Ghana. Dr. Irene Odotei Agbodeka (former Dean of the Faculty of (Director, Institute of African Studies at the Arts and Letters at Cape Coast), and Dr. University of Ghana), Dr. Ofori Ansa of Mensah Pra (Department of Sociology at the Howard University and Dr. Raymond University of Cape Coast) were contributors Dummet at Purdue University did contribute to the panel on the "State of Education in toward the organization of the panel. Our Ghana." Dr. Akosua Adomako-Ampofo second entry for the Houston conference will (Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of be a general overview type -- "Ghana at the African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon) beginning of the 21st century." I do thank was organizer and chair of the panel. The Baffour Takyi (University of Akron) for second sponsored panel by GSC was on doing much of the work that contributed to "Colonial Memories: History and Memory in getting the panel together. Ghana and Togo." Sandra Greene (Cornell University), Dennis Laumann (University of Finally, I take this opportunity to recognize Memphis), Lane Clark (Independent Dr. David Killingray (Goldsmith College at Filmmaker) and Emmanuel Akyeampong the University of London) for the years he (Harvard University) were presenters. We acted as our UK contact person. Dr. Paul © GSC Newsletter [14] 1 Nugent (History Department of University of Future issues will carry, among others, Edinburgh) is our new UK representative and articles by Joseph Adjaye on Akan Libations, he has already proven to be as efficient as Stefano Boni on the precolonial history of the David was in the past years. Sefwi Oman, and a collection of papers on the current state of education in Ghana, guest- Again, let me remind GSC members that I am edited by Akosua Adomako Ampofo. completing my fourth year as chair of our Editorial board member Amos Anyimadu is organization. Following the examples of the working on assembling a collection of papers two previous GSC presidents, I plan to resign analyzing Ghana's December 2000 national my position at the 2002 ASA. I have no elections. doubt that there will be an excellent replacement. The editorial board and I welcome the submission of articles on any subject, which Ghana Studies Update have Ghana as their focus. Detailed by Larry Yarak, Editor instructions regarding the preparation of manuscript submissions may be found at the I am pleased to report that we are making Ghana Studies web site. Briefly, authors good progress on getting our peer-reviewed should send three hard copies of their paper, journal on an appropriate publishing double-spaced throughout, including all schedule. As most of you know, volume 2 reference matter, by postal mail to the editor: was published in April of this year. A complete table of contents of that issue, as Larry W. Yarak well as instructions on obtaining a Department of History subscription, may be found at the journal's 4236 TAMU web site: College Station, TX 77843-4236 http://people.tamu.edu/~yarak/ghana_stud Electronic files should also be submitted, ies.html preferably sent as an email attachment to the editor at [email protected], prepared using [Note that the web address has recently either WordPerfect or MS Word word- changed. Please update your bookmark.] processing programs -- either Macintosh or Windows format is acceptable. Maps should Also at the Ghana Studies web site you will be submitted as camera-ready hard copy and find the table of contents for volume 3, a preferably also as Adobe Illustrator-format special collection of articles commemorating electronic files. Any questions about the the Yaa Asantewaa War, one hundred years preparation of manuscript submissions should after it was fought. Guest-edited by be directed to the editor. Emmanuel Akyeampon, the issue is complete and should be available to subscribers in the Finally, I want to thank again the numerous fall. Ghana scholars who have volunteered their time to report anonymously on the papers Volume 4 should be available by the end of submitted to the journal. They ensure the the year. It will include a fine set of four high quality of what we publish. papers assembled by Birgit Meyer and Paul Nugent on the theme of "Moral Discourses and Public Spaces in the Fourth Republic."

© GSC Newsletter [14] 2 noted that the funds are not accumulating interest. It was hoped, however, that the Minutes financial laws in the State of Illinois might Ghana Studies Council Meeting allow the GSC to open, after June 1, 2001, a 17 November 2000 different type of account than what has been Nashville, TN possible in Minnesota (where the funds are African Studies Association Annual currently being held). This might allow the Meeting GSC to obtain a better interest rate on the funds being held. Opening Some funds were used in the past to help with The Chairperson of the Ghana Studies the cataloguing of the CSO files at the Council, David Owusu-Ansah, opened the National Archives of Ghana. meeting at approximately 11:10 am. Monies are still available to help subsidize Chairman’s Remarks attendance at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association by Ghanaian The Chair welcomed those who were in graduate students studying in the U.S. To date attendance. Membership forms were there have been few applicants for this distributed for renewal of membership and a assistance. sheet was passed around for those who needed to update their e-mail addresses. It was also noted that the GSC would need a new Chairperson as David Owusu-Ansah’s Minutes of last year’s meeting were then term is coming to an end next year. He approved. advised that anyone who assumes the position should seek financial support from their Treasurer’s Report: department to cover paper and printing cost associated with the production of the Members were reminded that checks for newsletter since these costs if not subsidized membership for 2001 are still being accepted could quickly wipe out any surplus. and should be made out to the "University of Minnesota" until June 1, 2001. Thereafter Agenda Items/Announcements there is hope of opening an account in GSC’s name in Illinois. This will make it easy for 1. The Chair reviewed an item that appeared dues to be written out directly to GSC in the in the last issue of the newsletter. This future. item expressed concern about fees imposed by the University of Ghana The London account currently contains Office of the Dean for International £330.00. David Killingray also announced Programs on summer programs for that he would be resigning. Paul Nugent was overseas students. nominated to serve as the next treasurer, managing the London/Britain account. David Owusu-Ansah met with the Dean of International Programs last June (2000) It was reported (in the absence of the U. S. at Legon. The Dean, who has just read Treasurer) that GSC U.S. account currently the GSC Newsletter report of studies has a surplus, even though it was not possible abroad fee at the University, expressed to report the exact dollar amount. It was also concern about what he considered to be a © GSC Newsletter [14] 3 misinformation in the newsletter and set out to make the necessary correction. The GSC members were requested to send or Dean (whose letter was read aloud) take with them such materials and to indicated that the fees were imposed not deposit them with the NAG, which has set by himself, but rather by the University of aside a special room for such materials. Ghana Board of Trustees. He also indicated that no department at the 3. After the sheet with updated e-mail University of Ghana was authorized to addressed had circulated, it was suggested charge fees therefore the fees being that the e-mail addresses of the members imposed by the Dean’s Office were not should be published on the organization’s being demanded at the expense of fees web site only after receiving permission that would normally go to the departments from the individual members to do so. that host overseas students in summer programs. It was agreed that permission from individual members would be sought via Discussion followed. It was noted that the newsletter. The purpose for interest to the Institute of African Studies has always publish the membership list at the web operated its programs on its own, but it site is for quick identification of research was also observed that some departments interest areas. This is the alternative for at the University of Ghana did charge creating a database of research areas as their own fees. some members have requested.

It was suggested that perhaps the Ghana 4. Ideas were solicited for panels for the Studies Council might write to the Dean 2001 annual meeting of the ASA. The to ask that some arrangement be made following topics were suggested: with the relevant departments on the distribution of program fees. Concern a. Clothing and Dress (Jean Allman) was also expressed that the Ghana Studies b.Chieftancy, Governance and Council might not want to involve itself Development (Irene Odotei) as an organization in this matter. Faculty c. History of the Asante Kings (Larry at the ASA from the University of Ghana Yarak) mentioned that a new dean of d. Ghana at the Turn of the 21st Century International Programs has been (Baffour Takyi) appointed and advised that new lines of e. Contemporary Ghanaian Diaspora communication be opened for further (Kwasi Kwakye-Nuako) clarification on the issue. f. Ghana Chiefs and Queens in America/American Chiefs and Queens The decision was to table the matter for of Ghana (Joe Amoako) the time being. g.Ghanaian Literature (Kwawisi Tekpetey). 2. It was announced that the National Archives of Ghana (NAG) and the The deadline for submission to the Ghana regional archives would like to start a Studies Council Executive Committee is research library of reference materials February 1, 2001. GSC is allowed two (articles and books) that use the archival sponsored panels. Chair will select the materials located at NAG and its regional first two panels to be completed branches. (organizers must submit complete © GSC Newsletter [14] 4 abstracts to Chair no later than the a. Dorcas Coker Appiah and Kathy deadline). Cusack, eds., Violence Against Women and Children in Ghana. 5. The most recent issue of Ghana Studies (the volume for 1999) is currently in The book can also be obtained by press. The table of contents can be found contacting the following e-mail address: on the GSC web site. It was noted that [email protected] the thematic organization for this issues (which involved as well a guest editor) b. Fredericka Dodson and Wilhemina worked very well. Members will receive Donkoh, The Just King: Osei Kwme this issue later than usual, however, for Asibe Bonsu reasons that were out of the control of the editor. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 12:30pm. It was noted that the first volume of the Ghana Studies had been sent out even though some had yet to pay for it. How to GHANA STUDIES COUNCIL (GSC) let people know whether they have paid LAUNCHED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF or not will be addressed once the accounts GHANA (LEGON) have been received from the Managing Editor, David Henige. GSC member, Amos Anyimadu of the Department of Political Science at the Larry Yarak, Editor of Ghana Studies University of Ghana, and Takyiwaa Manuh, noted that to date the journal has included also GSC member and Deputy Director of the more articles on history than any other Institute of African Studies (Legon), were discipline. He encouraged non-historians instrumental in organizing a formal launching in particular to submit articles for of Ghana Studies Council last summer at publication. Legon. Amos reported of the Open Lecture that GSC (Legon) sponsored. Gareth Austin 6. Members expressed interest in addressing was in Ghana at the time and graciously some of the practical problems faced by agreed to make a presentation. Gareth has the educational institutions in Ghana. allowed us to reproduce his paper as part of Ideas included publishing regularly in the this year's Newsletter. On behalf of Ghana newsletter information about how best to Studies Council, I extend our appreciation to send books. Kwasi Kwakye-Nuako Amos and Takyiwaa for an excellent (Howard University) volunteered to representation of GSC International. For organize ideas about additional projects further information on the summer open (for example, how to make journals lecture, contact Amos Ayimadu: available to those who don’t have access [email protected]. Telephone: 024 379 024 , to them). Those interested can contact 510515: him at the Department of Religion at Howard. Under the distinguished auspices of His Excellency Dr. Peter Alexander Schweizer, 7. Two new books published in Ghana were Ambassador of Switzerland to Ghana and available in limited quantities for also author of Survivors on the Gold Coast: purchase at the annual meeting: The Basel Missionaries in Colonial Ghana,

© GSC Newsletter [14] 5 the Ghana Studies Council presents an Open entail for conflicts between and within local Lecture: communities and states, and the choices they present to successive generations, I hope that Speaker: Dr. David Dorward, Director, the following reflections can contribute to African Research Institute, La Trobe your discussions. University, Australia. My own work is at two different geographical Topic: Business in the Gold Coast: A Unique and, as a result, methodological levels. My Perspective on the Life and Times of an F. detailed primary-source research is on the and A. Swanzy Chief Agent. economic history of southern Ghana, especially Asante, in the 19th and 20th Paper for Seminar at African Security centuries. On the other hand, I have begun to Dialogue & Research, Paper read as part do more work at a survey and comparative of GSC Launching Activities at North level. In doing so I seek to place Ghana in a Legon, Ghana, 28 July 2000 broad West African and even Sub-Saharan framework. AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION AND CONFLICT IN GHANA: A This short position paper has five main HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON sections. The first is intended to establish the HUMAN SECURITY proposition that a historic transition is under by way, in Ghana and in Sub-Saharan Africa Gareth Austin, Department of Economic generally, from relative land abundance to History, London School of Economics relative land scarcity. The second highlights ([email protected]) the questions that this raises for human security. The third outlines three of the main NOTE: This paper is an informal one, ways in which communities and states have without full references, and was written in responded to land scarcities in African part while I have been on archival work history. The fourth considers the implications without full access to libraries. of these responses for promoting or avoiding violent conflict. The fifth sketches some Preface policy conclusions.

The aim of this paper is to offer an economic 1. Observation: the long-term (and history perspective on the proposition that currently far from complete) transition to increasing scarcity of cultivable land leads to land scarcity violent conflict between and within local communities, from fighting over village In the very long term, one of the most boundaries to large-scale civil war. fundamental transitions in Sub-Saharan history must be that from being a region But first let me say that it is a privilege and a generally characterised - in economic terms - pleasure both to be back at Legon and to be by a relative abundance of cultivable land in speaking at this impressive new center. Let relation to the co-operating factors of labour me also say that I am in no sense a security and capital to the opposite. For most expert. Rather, my perspective is that of an Sub-Saharan economies have been academic economic historian. In seeking to characterised historically by a surplus of land, identify patterns of long-term change in in the economic sense that, with the resource scarcities, the possible risks they technologies in use at any given time, © GSC Newsletter [14] 6 expansion of output has not been constrained (World Bank 1998: 325). This very day the by the supply of cultivable land (e.g. Hopkins newspapers are reporting the provisional 1973). There have long been exceptions in results of the latest census of Ghanaian various areas at particular periods, and a full population, which indicates that the growth analysis would incorporate complications rate here has slackened slightly to 2.5% a arising from seasonality and capital year, because fertility has dropped slightly formation. But as a generalisation, as John more than the continuing decline in mortality. Iliffe highlighted in his synthesis of African Despite the slackening, the overall trend is history, the proposition applies strongly until clearly towards a general scarcity of land in recently (Iliffe 1995). Ghana and probably in most of the continent at some point: probably before the middle of Land surpluses were reduced in some areas the twenty-first century. by the expansion of export agriculture during the twentieth century, while in others the It is important to add that it is not only the benefits of relatively-abundant land were quantity of land that matters, but also the denied to the majority populations by colonial quality: its specific potentials and limitations. or white-minority regimes which appropriated A vivid example is the fact that most of the land for European settlers. Outside the settler commercially valuable land in Ghana, at least colonies, notably in much of West Africa, a in the context of market demands as they major source of increasing pressure on natural were in the nineteenth and twentieth resources during the colonial period, and in centuries, is in the forest zone of the south some countries since, was the spread of rather than in the northern savanna. I examine export agriculture. But overall, the main this in detail in a book manuscript I am motor of growing pressure on land has been currently trying to complete. I think it is the rapid growth of population. In most of the useful to introduce here the concept of ‘forest region, population has been rising almost rent’. Its originator, the French economist continuously since the end of the world François Ruf, defined the term in the specific influenza pandemic of 1918 at the latest; and context of cocoa production: as the difference the process accelerated after 1945. in the cost of producing a given quantity of cocoa by planting ‘after forest clearance’ as Even now, it must be emphasized that the against ‘by replanting on fallow land or after transition is very far from complete. Large felling of the first plantation’, the difference parts of rural Africa, most spectacularly in being a function of diminution in these Sudan and in the Congo Democratic Republic ‘agronomic benefits’ (Ruf 1995: 6-7; see, are still ‘land surplus’ in the economic sense. further, Clarence-Smith and Ruf 1996). In the Even in a relatively densely populated area book manuscript I extend the term, defining heavily involved in farming for export and ‘broad forest rent’ as all the non-renewable domestic markets, southwestern Nigeria, productive assets provided by (in this case, as there are apparently still localities in which I was working on Asante) the Asante forest the supply of cultivable land is not a zone. This includes (as it happens) gold constraint on expansion of output (Akinola deposits and spontaneously-planted kola, 1995). Moreover, the growth of population in rubber and ‘timber’ trees (the ‘forest rent’ in the sub-region as a whole seems to have the latter three cases would be defined exactly begun to slacken from the 1980s onwards, as with cocoa). Over the last two centuries, and only partly because of the tragedy of and especially in the twentieth with cocoa and AIDS, though the growth rate of population massive population growth, much of this remains closer to 3% than to 2% per year ‘broad forest rent’ has been depleted, and the © GSC Newsletter [14] 7 process goes on. To be sure, fertility may be pressure on pastoral land (Guy 1980, Gump restored after it has been depleted: but at a 1989). If this argument is true, this case is cost. thus the ‘exception that proves the rule’ about the conflict-reducing character of land 2. Why the transition to land-scarcity abundance most of the time in most of pre- matters colonial Africa.

The possible importance of this transition can It is clear that growing pressure on land has be highlighted by observing that much of the been and is an important element in many historiography and comparative anthropology local disputes which have led to occasional on precolonial Africa seeks to relate some of episodes of violence over the last the widespread characteristics of the region’s quarter-century: ranging geographically from economic, social, cultural and political clashes between pastoral Maasai and arrangements to land abundance and labor sedentary Kikuyu settlers in Kenya to recent scarcity: from choice of technique in clashes in parts of Nigeria (e.g. Egwu 1998). agriculture, through diverging inheritance and Admittedly, Paul Richards has argued very social approval of mothers who give birth to strongly against the claim that the Liberian many children, to fiscal constraints on state and Sierra Leonean civil wars were the result formation - it was hard to extract a surplus of Malthusian pressure. As he puts it, ‘Both from the direct producers when they could countries face environmental problems but easily move on and out of the potential ruler’s not environmental crises’ (Richards 1996: control (a classic pair of references is Goody 115). This is a useful distinction, though one 1971, 1976). In particular, low population that is not always easy to make in practice, densities can be seen as conducive to a major given that ‘problems’ may be contributory conflict-reducing element in pre-colonial causes even when – as usual - they are not history: the welcome which existing holders sufficient. of land in Ghana and elsewhere tended to give newcomers (on condition that the latter In neo-Malthusian terms the extreme example recognized the prior and paramount claim of is Rwanda and Burundi where, it has been the former), and the relatively permeable argued, desperate and mounting definitions of many ethnic identities. over-crowding of agricultural land has contributed to the process of political Conversely, intensifying pressure on land is polarization on ethnic lines over the decades. often seen as not only transforming the Particularly significant as evidence of the economics of choice of agricultural technique salience of the land issue is Andre and in favor of more labor and/or capital-intensive Platteau’s finding that the victims of the 1994 techniques, aimed at raising output per unit Rwandan massacres included not only Tutsis area rather than output per unit of labor - but plus Hutu members of opposition political also as a major source of conflict within and parties, but also Hutu peasants killed between local communities. Even in apparently by fellow-Hutus from the same pre-colonial contexts there are occasional local community. In an admittedly small examples of this. In the literature on southeast sample, a third of these seem to have been Africa the period of intense warfare in killed because of resentments related to their southeast Africa in the early nineteenth possession of relatively large land-holdings century, during which the Zulu kingdom (Andre and Platteau 1998, pp. 39-41). More emerged, has been interpreted as at one level generally, it is extremely hard to avoid the - among several - a response to intense local conclusion that the extremity of the growing © GSC Newsletter [14] 8 pressure on land contributed to the escalation it. It is worth noting that during1938-46 the of violent conflict in the 1990s in both making or extension of cocoa farms was Rwanda and Burundi. actually banned in Asante, by the Ashanti Confederacy Council: though not because of But large-scale fighting or killing is far from soil exhaustion per se, but rather because of being the only kind of outcome from resource fear that there would not be enough land to conflicts. Let us consider some of the various grow the foodstuffs to feed the expanding ways in which communities and states have population. responded historically to resource stresses in the sub-region. A third way in which communities could respond to resource scarcity was by using the 3. Political (or political-economy) coercive power of the state to impose a responses to resource stresses monopoly for its own subjects. In a sense, the Asante kingdom did exactly this by the early One is peaceful migration. For example, the nineteenth century, in that it took control over late Marion Johnson suggested that many a very large proportion of the gold and kola towns in southern Ghana relocated at least resources of the Ghanaian forest zone. once during their pre-colonial history, often Outsiders were generally excluded from in response to a local degradation of the participation as principals in the enjoyment of environment such as the water supply having the ‘broad forest rent’. This principle was become polluted or the soil-fertility of the basically maintained during the colonial lands in convenient proximity to the town period, albeit by now within reduced becoming exhausted (Johnson 1981). boundaries, in that the colonial state supported the Asante chiefs (or most of them) A second is the development of a market in in preserving Asante ownership of the land. land use rights. I consider this issue at length Outsiders were now allowed to farm for in the book manuscript but don’t have time to themselves, but only at relatively high rents, pursue it in this presentation, except to make which few of those could afford: especially two points. One is that a political authority is those from the cash-poor north. The effect of usually required to enforce the property rights this monopoly was to increase the market concerned. Second, the state may or may not value of the ‘forest rent’ of the Asante do so, or may do so only to some extent. In environment. It helped to enable Asante Asante the colonial state defended individual farmers to acquire northern labor, while it cocoa farmers’ ownership of trees that they was initially impossible, and later hard, for had planted, and allowed them to mortgage northerners to access the Asante lands as farm and even sell them. It also allowed stools to owners in their own right. charge non-subjects rent (‘tribute’) on the produce of cocoa farms established on stool 4. Peaceful solutions or violent conflicts? land. But the colonial government firmly rejected attempts by various chiefs, early this Having identified three of the main kinds of century, to impose rent on their own subjects. communal or state response to scarcities of It is interesting to note that, in terms of cultivable land, whether in general or of neoclassical economics, it could be argued particularly valuable land, let us now reflect that this was a mistake: because it meant that on the potential for conflict. subjects could enjoy participation in the forest rent, thereby depleting the resource legacy for The peaceful migration or, in the case of future generations, without having to pay for towns, re-location, option clearly has clearly © GSC Newsletter [14] 9 become much more rare as land surpluses thereby reduce the risk and cost of land sales. have diminished. As land becomes more The extreme political sensitivities would valuable, by definition the opportunity cost make this enormously difficult: certainly no (the cost of the opportunity foregone) of land registration scheme imposed by a being generous with it rises. Land may still be government that is perceived as representing made accessible to non-citizens, but at only Tutsis or only Hutus would be stable in increased cost. Moreover, it has often become the long term - unless maintained by force. harder to be accepted as a citizen. For ethnic Yet, for what it is worth, my reading of the identities may themselves be redefined in Rwanda literature is that the case for land response to pressure on land. For example, titling there is not economic but political. For Stefano Boni argues that in Sefwi-Wiawso, in there are serious economic objections: the western region of Ghana, growing land namely that in Africa indigenous land tenure scarcity (from the spread of cocoa cultivation systems have proved generally to be efficient as well as population growth) led to profound in adapting to changing factor ratios; and that changes in communal identity during the in the specific case of Rwanda and Burundi twentieth century. Whereas previous the very small size of most of the plots means strangers were assimilated, including being that the transactions costs of the reform itself given land and junior political offices, from would exceed the efficiency gains in the short the 1950s they were defined as ‘strangers’ and even medium terms (Andre and Platteau (however long they had lived there, and even 1998; cf. Platteau 1996). But it could be if they claimed some Sefwi ancestry), argued that if there is ever to be a genuine and excluded from local office and made to pay durable peace settlement, property rights will for their lands. In 1986 the local government have to be an element in it: otherwise land authorities sent ‘Sefwi’ villagers to evict will recur as a divisive issue. Specifically, ‘strangers’, resulting in some local violence. such a settlement would need to guarantee Thus, according to Boni, rather than the fight that neither side got everything it asked for over land reflecting ancient ethnic divisions, and that each side got something. the growing value of land had prompted a redefinition of local ethnic identity to exclude As for resource monopolies, unequal access as many as possible of what were now to resources does not always lead to violent regarded as foreigners. In this case the central conflict. In the case of savanna-dwellers’ government intervened to resolve the issue by access to the ‘broad forest rent’ of southern legislating to facilitate land title registration Ghana, and specifically Asante, this may have and to remove land issues from the been partly because the monopoly (or at least jurisdiction of chiefs’ courts: giving the its effects) has been progressively eased stranger-farmers effective security of tenure during much of the twentieth century. (Boni 1999). Following the prohibition of domestic slavery in Asante in 1908, and with the adoption of Markets in land in some form have appeared cocoa cultivation (already under way, since in response to growing land scarcity in c.1900), there was a shift from people of various parts of Africa, including Rwanda: northern origin working as captive labor in though the sales there often seem to have Asante to working instead as free wage been made outside (indeed, against) the law laborers. It is interesting to note that the shift (Andre and Platteau 1998: 19-20). A from annual wage contracts to sharecropping controversial policy question is whether the (abusa) terms in the cocoa farm labor market state should proceed to register individual in Asante in the 1930s-40s was the result of plots, to enhance security of tenure and © GSC Newsletter [14] 10 increased bargaining power of northern labor on land is no substitute for country or even (Austin 1987). provincial-level assessments. Second, where land scarcity is already, or is fast becoming, a Thus northern laborers gradually increased reality there are some general implications for their share of the ‘broad forest rent’. economic policy. The aim of raising total Ironically, it is in not in Ghana but in C6te factor productivity is insufficient: it is crucial d’Ivoire, where the late President that this be done, as far as possible, through Houphoet-Boigny liberally encouraged labor intensive rather than labor-saving people from the north of the country and from technologies. Indeed, a capital-intensive Burkina Faso to come and farm for ‘green revolution’ could lead to even greater themselves in the cocoa and coffee belt, that concentration of population in the towns, the politics of migrant labor have become making urban employment the sole means of extremely sensitive politically. As far as I creating a productive basis for the social understand it, the issue is the status of the integration of most of the property-less. As it ‘adopted’Ivoirians, perhaps one-third of the happens the original ‘green revolution’ population, who entered the country methods, Asian or Mexican-style, were rarely (primarily from Burkina) to participate in, applied successfully south of the Sahara and contribute to, the economic expansion of apparently partly because they tended to be earlier decades. land-saving in what were still generally land-surplus areas. This obstacle to diffusion Finally, let us remember that the economic may be less serious in future: though there implications of a higher labor-land ratio do remains the problem that these technologies not have to be bad: on the contrary, Ester have tended to require relatively substantial Boserup’s celebrated claim that demographic capital inputs. Third, the need to raise pressure is the mother of higher total-factor off-farm income opportunities is ever more productivity (the ratio of output to the sum of urgent: partly because of the land transition factor inputs) is borne out in a Kenyan but also because of the existing widespread case-study (Tiffen and Mortimore 1994; urban underemployment. The provision of Tiffen 1995). regular employment or self-employment opportunities appears to have benefits in 5. Policy implications terms of increasing personal satisfaction and reducing the potential for social conflict that Let me sketch the main implications for go beyond the income effect. policy of the preceding discussion. When it comes to attempting negotiated settlements of Conclusion existing intractable impasses, as in Rwanda, it may well be necessary eventually for This talk has been an attempt to offer a governments to adopt policies that are sub- historical perspective on a long-term optimal economically, at least in the short transition in resource availability, which may term, in order to improve the chances of be of profound importance for human security long-term social and political cohesion. as well as for several other key aspects of social life in the sub-region. Overall, my On the problem of how to avoid or ameliorate position is that land scarcity is never a future conflicts, the following points should sufficient condition for violent conflict, but be made. First, land is not yet scarce that it is often an important contributory one. everywhere: an Africa-wide prescription Thus the argument here is not deterministic: about the implications of population pressure there are choices, but the devil is in the detail. © GSC Newsletter [14] 11 References Akinola, Olufemi (1995), ‘The State and Guy, Jeff (1980), ‘Ecological factors in the Integrated Rural Development in rise of Shaka and the Zulu kingdom’, in S. Southwestern Nigeria, c.1945-1992, with a Marks and A. Atmore (eds), Economy and case study of the Ekiti-Akoko Agricultural Society in Pre-Industrial South Africa Development Project, Ondo State’ (Ph.D. (London), 102-119. dissertation, London School of Economics). Hopkins, A. G. (1973), An Economic History Andre, Catherine, and Platteau, Jean-Philippe of West Africa (London). (1998), ‘Land relations under unbearable stress: Rwanda caught in the Malthusian Iliffe, John (1995), Africans: The History of a trap’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Continent (Cambridge). Organization 34:1, 1-47. Johnson, Marion (1981), ‘Elephants for want Austin, Gareth (1987), ‘The emergence of of towns’, in C. Fyfe and D. MacMaster capitalist relations of production in South (eds), African Historical Demography II Asante cocoa-farming, c.1916-33,’ Journal of (Edinburgh), 315-30. African History 28:2, 259-79. Platteau, Jean-Philippe (1996), ‘The Austin, Gareth (book manuscript), ‘Labour, evolutionary theory of land rights as applied Land and Capital in Asante: from slavery to to Sub-Saharan Africa: A critical assessment’, free labour in rural Ghana, 1807-1956’. Development and Change 27:1, 29-86.

Boni, Stefano (1999), ‘Hierarchy in Richards, Paul (1996), Fighting for the Rain Twentieth-Century Sefwi (Ghana)’ (D.Phil. Forest. War, Youth and Resources in Sierra dissertation, University of Oxford). See also Leone (International African Institute, James Boni’s journal articles. Currey, and Heinemann: London).

Clarence-Smith, William Gervase, and Ruf, Ruf, François (1995), ‘From forest rent to Francois (1996), ‘Introduction’, to Clarence - tree-capital: basic “laws” of cocoa supply’, in Smith (ed.), Cocoa Pioneer Fronts (London, Ruf and P. S. Siswoputranto (eds), Cocoa 1996). Cycles: the Economics of Cocoa Supply (Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge). Egwu, Samuel (1998), Structural Adjustment, Agrarian Change and Rural Ethnicity in Tiffen, Mary, and Mortimore, Michael Africa (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet: Uppsala). (1994), ‘Malthus controverted: the role of capital and technology in growth and Goody, Jack (1971), Technology, Tradition, environment recovery in Kenya’, World and the State in Africa (London). Development, 22: 7, 997-1010.

----- (1976), Production and Reproduction: A Tiffen, Mary (1995), ‘Population density, Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain economic growth and societies in transition: (Cambridge). Boserup reconsidered in a Kenyan case-study’, Development and Change, 26:1 Gump, James (1989), ‘Ecological change and (1995), 31-66. pre-Shakan state formation’, African Economic History 18 (1989), 57-71. © GSC Newsletter [14] 12 World Bank (1998), African Development Indicators (World Bank: Washington, DC). AN ACTIVE PARTNERSHIP THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST & KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY Professor S. T. Addo To GSC on Studies Information submitted to GSC by Dan Abroad at the University of Ghana, Legon Paracka (Assistant Director)

Dear Dr. Owusu-Ansah, The signing in March 1999 of the linkage RE – POLICY OF DEAN OF agreement between Kennesaw State INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION University and the University of Cape Coast PROGRAMMES, UNIVERSITY OF inaugurated comprehensive bilateral GHANA relationships between the two institutions, and multilateral relationships that have My attention has been drawn to deliberate included other institutions in West Africa and misinformation in your Newsletter No. 13 in the University System of Georgia. The pertaining to a so called imposition of a following description emphasizes three $2,000 fee by the Dean on all summer important aspects of this relationship: Grant programs conducted at the University. Activities, Study Abroad, and Faculty Exchange. I can confirm that the University of Ghana has imposed a fee of $2,000 on each summer Instructional Technology Training for program run in the University each year. Basic Education in Ghana Please note that no individual officer in any decently managed university imposes fees on This project is funded by the Association anybody. Boards and Committees administer Liaison Office for University Cooperation in our university. Development (ALO), and has been designated as a partnership activity under the Let me also draw your attention to the fact auspices of President Clinton's Education for that no unit or department in the university is Democracy and Development in Africa currently permitted to levy any charges on (EDDI). The $133,000.00 instructional anybody in respect of summer programs. All technology project brought eight Ghanaian summer programs are supposed to be educators to Georgia in November 2000 and managed or co-ordinated from this office. another eight will visit in 2001. For the The $2,000 fee charged by the university project, Kennesaw is the leading institution of excludes stipends paid to Ghanaian Faculty a consortium of seven university systems of hired as Guest Lecturers on all summer Georgia schools. The goals of this project are programs. as follows:

Kindly bring above information to the notice a) Provide instructional technology training of your members. to faculty and staff of the Faculty of Education, University of Cape Coast With kindest regards. (UCC) so that they become supertrainers. Sincerely Prof. S. T. Addo, Ph.D. b) Assist the supertrainers as they conduct Dean training sessions for their colleagues and students at UCC, and selected teachers currently serving in schools in Ghana. © GSC Newsletter [14] 13 summer programs in last year's newsletter. c) Establish an Instructional Technology Several summer studies organizers have also Training Center (ITTC) at UCC; Print conducted non-university affiliated summer manuals and guide books on instructional programs in Ghana. Furthermore, in addition technology and distribute these to schools to the various housing arrangements found in in Ghana. Ghana, it has come to my attention that the CIEE affiliated Student and Youth Travel The Instructional Technology Training for Organization (SYTO) has opened its youth Basic Education in Ghana Grant proposal hostel in Accra. In other words, the grew in part out of two earlier grants funded opportunities available for conducting by the "Global Partnerships Program" of the successful summer programs for students in Board of Regents of the University System of Ghana are increasing to meet the varying Georgia. The first was funded in 1999 and goals and objectives of universities and served to link a consortium of four higher program organizers. education institutions in Georgia with three higher education institutions in West Africa. It supported workshops that helped the F O R D F O U N D A T I O N: partner institutions assess needs and possible Special Initiative for Africa areas of collaboration. The second Global partnerships project facilitated further Ghana Studies Council member Akwasi collaboration and focused on the development Aidoo, Ford Foundation West African of educational curriculum among member Representative, has been made the institutions through faculty exchange in the organization's Director for Special Initiative respective Colleges of Education. for Africa. Akwasi's appointment takes effect on 1 November 2001. Study Abroad In the memo announcing the new position, The grant is only the latest proof that the Ford Foundation described the special Kennesaw States’ linkage with the University initiative as an organization-wide "effort to of Cape Coast (UCC) in Ghana is a highly support uniquely African continental productive one. This past summer Dr. responses to issues of peace and conflict, Adebayo led a group of fifteen students from identity and citizenship and regional across the University System of Georgia on a integration." The initiative, is expected to five-week study abroad program to UCC. begin with an "incubation phase" to be based The students not only learned about Ghana in New York during which time much but also learned much about themselves. attention would be applied to "planning, grantmaking and convening of key Editorial Comments: The Kennesaw institutions working in Africa." Ultimately, it experience at the University of Cape Coast is is anticipated that the initiative will become further evidence of the interests and an "independent African-based Foundation or willingness of academic institutions in Ghana Fund, which provides effective stewardship to support study abroad programs. For of resources generated by a lasting example, North Carolina Agricultural and endowment." Technical State University is visiting the University of Science and Technology in Those of us, who have known Akwasi Aidoo Kumase this summer. The Tamale Institute since the Cape Coast University days, are for Cross-Cultural studies also announced sure that he will do an excellent job. Please © GSC Newsletter [14] 14 join me to extend Ghana Studies Council's initiating a project -BOOKS TO BALME. best wishes to him and to the Ford During the first stage of this project we are Foundations. asking ALL GSC MEMBERS, particularly those resident outside Ghana, to please send any and all of the following to Balme Library: Dear Ghana Studies Council Members: copies of books you have published, offprints of articles, copies of theses and dissertations, A Call From the National Archives of extra copies of recent books (since 1985) of Ghana particular relevance to your discipline.

The National Archives of Ghana, now known As many of you know, there is an appalling as the Public Records and Archives shortage of recent literature at the Library, Administration Department, is in the process particularly in the social sciences and of creating a Research library at its humanities. If each of us takes the time to headquarters in Accra. The intent is to send what we can, we can make a big establish an interdisciplinary collection of difference collectively. So, please take a books, dissertations, theses and articles that moment to send your contributions to: reflect the kind of top-notch research undertaken by scholars at the archives. It will A. K. Martey provide visitors to the archives -- students, Acting Librarian scholars and others -- with easy access to Balme Library secondary research materials on site. University of Ghana Legon, GHANA You are encouraged to send copies of articles, monographs, theses, etc, which are the If you have any questions or concerns re: product of your work in the National mailing or shipping, please contact Jean Archives in Accra or in any of its regional Allman at [email protected]. For questions re: branches, to: the library’s holdings, please e-mail [email protected]. A.K. Mensah Chief Records Officer Archives Division YAA ASANTEWAA: THE MAKING OF PRAAD AN INTERNATIONAL TV PO Box 3056 DOCUMENTARY AN AUTO-REVIEW Accra, West Africa. by Ivor Agyeman-Duah

We thank you, in advance, for your support The Making the Yaa Asantewaa and generosity. Documentary raises two inquiries. The first is Signed: Jean Allman the excitement I felt about the project but more importantly, I was more overwhelmed by undetermined possibilities as I traveled ATTENTION ALL GSC MEMBERS: with a TV crew within Ghana and across the “BOOKS TO BALME LIBRARY” Indian Ocean to the Seychelles Islands. The other could be my research into this After our discussions at the last GSC meeting production and new findings or interpretation. regarding the critical state of Balme Library Since I do not know which is more important at the University of Ghana, the Council is then the other, I will talk about both. © GSC Newsletter [14] 15 Islands in early January 2000 in search of the Yaa Asantewaa, as the documentary is called, past and the discovery of the wooden stool is in two versions. The footages are of and kuduo, property of King Prempeh left interviews with experts on nineteenth century there. It is in the possession of a Seychollois Asante, scenes and historical monuments of Indian ancestry; there are footages of the within Asante, Elmina Castle and Seychelles house where King Prempeh lived; his Islands. descendants still living on the Island and the cemetery where some of them were buried as Part One is called “Asantemanso: Praises to well as interviews with Government officials. the Empire Builders.” It starts with some shots at Asantemanso, the sacred village The last part is an epilogue titled “Asante: where it is believed the Asantes first Today's Present is Tomorrow's Past.” It has descended from heaven by a golden chain. an interview with the Asantehene Otumfuo Thus, Asantemanso was an early settlement Osei Tutu II and a look at commerce, that played an important role in the economy, education and the future of Asante. development of Asante. It also examines the role of nineteenth century Asante women In this documentary, I employed the services such as Akyaawa Yikwan, royal of Akorase of distinguish scholars whose pioneering and Oheneba to Asantehene Osei Kwadwo work centered on nineteenth century Asante. whose important profile was first constructed Acknowledgement is given in the credit list. by Ivor Wilks. It also examines the geographical boundaries, political situation Yaa Asantewaa is an independent TV and how Nana Prempeh became Asantehene production. It had the technical support of after the civil war of the 1880s. Film Africa Limited and TV 3 in Accra and the Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation in Part Two, “Yaa Asantewaa: The Men Died at Victoria. the Battlefield,” is a detailed profile of Yaa Asantewaa from birth to death. It shows the After raising about one-tenth of the budget family house at Edweso, interviews with her from local companies and hotels in return for descendants, her actual role in the war and adverts in the documentary, I had to go into her later conversion to Christianity in the co-production with T.V.3 if the documentary Seychelles Islands. Here Prof. Adu Boahen was to come out at all. When I started guides us through a revealing and new working on this in July 1999, I thought I interpretation. could finish it for the centenary celebration in June 2000. Though I could not, the Part Three is titled “The Golden Stool: From companion book did and received favorable The Avernus We Rise.” In this, we are told reviews in the Ghana and Seychelles media. the stories of how four Asante chiefs committed matricide so that the Golden Stool One might ask did the production bring and the Kingdom would live. Bishop Peter different interpretation or finding than Akwasi Sarpong leads us and thinks the previously known? Yaa Asantewaa’s does not Golden Stool has the same significance as the have a popular appeal in the Seychelles Adam and Eve myth in the Bible or the Islands as King Prempeh. For me this is importance of the Ciboria in the Tabernacle. interesting. The centenary in Ghana was dominated with her achievements as war Part Four is “Seychelles: Bondage of Exile.” leader. About 95 percent of media coverage It covers a voyage I made to the Seychelles of activities reflected on her. Little was said © GSC Newsletter [14] 16 about Nana Agyeman Prempeh and the fact because of her old age, not much attention that his preference for exile was strategic and was given her. not fear. In the Seychelles archives, records show that Before the celebration in Kumasi, I was in when Prempeh left in 1924, he took the bones Seychelles and the story there was different. of the dead (including Yaa Asantewaa) to They were feverishly preparing for Kumasi. The bones were given to the families September -- the centenary of the landing of for re-burial. At the centenary celebration in Nana Prempeh on the Island in September Kumasi, there was the big question of Yaa 1900. I carried with me a letter and a gift Asantewaa`s bones. Some of these questions from Asantehene Osei Tutu II to President are what the documentary attempts to answer. Rene and plans were in progress for the Asantehene to visit the Islands last Please Note: September. The invitation from the The production of the Yaa Asantewaa Buckingham Palace blocked such a historic Documentary has been completed and has visit. premiered at the Public Affairs Section of the United States Embassy in Accra, Ghana. For Few people, apart from researchers, know of now, interested individuals and institutions Yaa Asantewaa in Seychelles. The name can purchase the package of five episodes Prempeh is much respected. I was staying at a plus the two companion books and the cost of hotel when the few remnants of Prempeh postage at $100.00. Please make checks visited and asked that I pack my baggage for payable to IVOR AGYEMAN-DUAH and their beautiful home. They do not know much send the request to P. O. Box CT 3903, about Yaa Asantewaa but everything about Cantoments, Accra, Ghana, West Africa. Prempeh. You can also contact Ivor Agyeman-Duah at his E-mail: [email protected] For me, the stories of Prempeh and Yaa Asantewaa is one but told in two different tales. Is it a question of historians not telling BOOK REVIEW us the whole story or the listeners judge and pick their own heroes? I do not know but I Review of Birgit Meyer’s Translating the know that not much popular history had been Devil: Religion and Modernity among the written about events from the 1880s to the Ewe in Ghana by Sandra E. Greene 1920s. In the course of the documentary, I did Cornell University a lot of research in villages and within the Kumasi metropolis with Prof. Adu Boahen to In this outstanding study of the encounter fill in basic inquiries for public between German Pietist missionaries and the enlightenment. Ewe-speaking peoples of Ghana, Birgit Meyer breaks new ground in the study of the One fact is, the British distorted the image of history of religion in Africa by focusing on the Asante prisoners before the prisoners got the extent to which “main-line” churches to the Islands. They were painted as savages (those that trace their roots to the religious and uncivilized. The people were made to institutions first established by missionary believe that the exile was only a break to groups) have been influenced not only by continual savagery. Presenting Yaa their particular missionary roots but also by Asantewaa as leader of a war or in the light of traditional religious beliefs. Until recently, heroism was to cancel the savage label. Also, most scholars interested in the linkages that © GSC Newsletter [14] 17 exist between indigenous Christianity and notes that the Pietists constituted a “traditional” religious beliefs have largely conservative movement in Germany that confined themselves to the study of favored a chiliastic outlook on life; this “independent” churches, those established by movement also emphasized sobriety, de- Africans as local alternatives to the emphasized ritual, and gave considerable missionary churches. Meyer explodes the importance to the notion that one should notion that “indigenization” has occurred focus on the inner self, individual choice, and almost exclusively in these independent the Biblical word as a powerful allegorical churches. She does so by focusing on the tool that could be used to combat the extent to which the “main-stream” influence of the Devil. It is this last point that Evangelical Presbyterian Church (E.P.C.) that then becomes the center of her analysis. For developed in the Ewe-speaking areas of according to Meyer, the German Pietist Ghana vernacularized their practice of missionaries who operated among the Ewe Christianity by giving much more placed considerable emphasis on portraying prominence than the missionaries would have Ewe beliefs and practice as the work of the wanted to the existence of the Devil. Her Devil. All involvement in traditional ritual goal, which she very ably achieves, is to activities was banned for members of the new prove that even within the “main-line” faith; and transgression of this ban could lead churches of Africa, Christianity is not simply to expulsion from the church for engaging in an extension of missionary influence, but is a devilish practices. Meyer argues that while “continuously developing product,” a form of many Ewe embraced for their own reasons modernity, deeply influenced by “traditional” Pietist Christianity and accepted the religious beliefs. importance of eschewing participation in non- Christian practices, those affiliated with the Meyer begins her study by examining the missionary church still managed to make historical and cultural background of the these imported doctrines their own. They Ewe-speaking peoples of Peki (who are the translated the concept of the Devil according principle focus of her research) and the to indigenous understandings about the power German missionary communities that of external spiritual forces to affect ones produced those who were later to work health, and in so doing, they gave much among the Ewe-speaking peoples of Ghana greater importance to the notion of the Devil and Togo. She documents the nature of Peki (as seen in a continued belief in witchcraft) gender relations and Peki’s political and than the missionaries would have preferred. economic culture before the missionaries made a substantial impact on these practices; In the last three and perhaps strongest she also examines the impact of British chapters, Meyer examines the emergence colonization on Peki’s economic culture and after the 1950s of tensions that had always how this culture influenced and was been present within the E.P.C. over how to influenced by missionary activity in the area. deal with the Devil. It was these tensions that Her examination of the German Pietists who eventually led to splits within the Church. On worked as evangelists among the Peki Ewe the one hand, many within the E.P.C. sought covers similar ground. Meyer does an to continue upholding the approach first excellent job, for example, of discussing the introduced by the German Pietist missionaries economic climate in the communities from and subsequently adapted to their own needs which many of the Pietist missionaries came, by the Ewe ministers who came to govern the and how this economic climate influenced church after World War One. This approach their approach to their religious faith. She mandated that while it was important to © GSC Newsletter [14] 18 acknowledge the existence of the Devil, Satan terms. The Devil was a metaphor for that should not become so important that church which could tempt one to engage in any members spent more time worrying about the number of bodily excesses: drunkenness, Devil than worshipping God. Others, lust, and greed. It was these excesses that however, believed that one had to address the caused illness, not the Devil per se. The Ewe, Devil as a concrete reality and that this should however, understood external spiritual forces be evident in how one worshipped God. It as real entities that were the direct cause of was not sufficient to attend worship service sickness and this, in turn, called for the and to lead a good life. One had to participate physical removal of the spiritual forces that “fully in body and spirit” in order to fill were afflicting the body. The concepts are oneself with God’s spirit so as to ward off similar, yet also quite different. Meyer notes danger, to escape evil temptations and to be that both the German Pietists and the Ewe able to exorcise evil from self and others. emphasized the power of the word. Yet there, Meyer documents the split that eventually too, differences existed. For the Pietists, the shook the Church because of differences in word’s power existed in its ability to doctrine and practice within the E.P.C., but illuminate through allegory. For the Ewe, the she also situates these developments within word had not just allegorical power but real, the larger societal context where the material power to transform and create. By increasing popularity of Pentecostal churches de-emphasizing the distinctions that existed forced the EPC to reassess how it handled between Ewe and Pietist notions about the beliefs about the Devil. power of the word and the existence of external spiritual forces, Meyer leaves the Meyer does an outstanding job in examining reader with the sense (despite her statements the historical origins of the Evangelical to the contrary) that Christian Ewe’s simply Presbyterian Church, the struggle of the Peki appropriated German Pietist notions about the Ewe to make the missionary legacy their own Devil and ran with them. How they made the and the tensions that emerged over how to concept of the Devil their own is rather make church doctrine and practices “modern” murky because the distinctions between the in the context of an ever-changing Ghana. two systems of thought are not given enough There are areas, however, where I believe her definition. This concern should not, however, analysis could have been a bit sharper. In her distract one from the fact that Meyer has discussion of “traditional” Ewe and German made a major contribution to the analysis of Pietist beliefs, Meyer emphasizes the religion in Africa. Her book is an outstanding similarities that existed between these two study that should be read by all who are systems. Both believed in the existence of interested in the history of religion in Africa, external spiritual forces (other than God); Ghanaian religious history and those both recognized them as a potential source of interested specifically in the Ewe. evil/sickness. Too little attention is given to the differences between these two systems, OBITUARY however. For the Pietists, this external GSC member and former professor of History spiritual force, the Devil, was more of a at the University of Ghana, Legon, Albert van mental construct than a physical reality. It Dantzig passed away after a long illness. We could influence one’s health but none of the have two excellent remembrances of missionaries who worked among the Ewe Professor van Dantzing posted at the GSC engaged in exorcism or faith healing because website. We thank GSC members Adam they saw the relationship between these Jones and Paul Jenkins for their warm illnesses and the Devil in primarily symbolic remembrance of Professor van Dantzig. © GSC Newsletter [14] 19 PUBLICATIONS provided an introduction), Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Press, 2001. Abdulai, Iddirisu, “British Colonial Response To Islamic Education: The Case Of The Axelrod Winsnes Selena, Ludewig Ferdinand Northern Territories Of The Gold Coast Romer: A reliable Account of the Coast of 1890-1940,” Journal of the Institute of Guinea (1760), translate and edited, The Education, University of Cape Coast, 2000. British Academy, Oxford University Press, 2000. Allman, Jean, The Cultural Landscape of the Tong Hills: A Photographic/Life History ____, "Caveat Lektor: Myths and fantasies in Exhibit. Upper East Regional Museum, Danish primary sources for Gold Coast Bolgatanga, 28 June-28, September 2000. history," Norsk Sjofartsmuseum Arbok, 1997, [Co-Organized with Ben Kankpeyeng, pp. 143-150. Director, UER Museum and John Parker, SOAS]. ____, "There is a house on Castle Drive; The story of Wulff Joseph Wulff," History in _____, “Rounding Up Spinsters: Unmarried Africa, 27 (2000), 443-448. Women and Gender Chaos in Colonial Asante,” In D. Hodgson, and C. McCurdy, ____, The Ship Fredensborg, co-trans with eds. “Wicked Women” and the Pat Shaw, Aschehoug, Oslo, 2000. Reconfiguration of Gender, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, Fall, 2001. (Revised and Getz, Trevor, "A 'Somewhat Firm Policy': reprinted version of 1996 JAH article.) The Role of the Gold Coast Judiciary in Implementing Slave Emancipation, 1874- _____, “I Will Not Eat Stone,” A Women’s 1900," Ghana Studies, 2 (1999), pp. 97-117. History of Colonial Asante, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Press, 2000. (With Victoria ____, "The Case for Africans: The Role of Tashjian.) Slaves and Masters in Emancipation on the Gold Coast, 1874-1900," Slavery and _____, “New Directions in the History of Abolition, 21, 1 (2000). Missions in Africa: Introduction.” Journal of Religious History, 23:1 (1999), 1-7. Gocking, Roger, Facing Two Ways: Ghana’s Coastal Communities Under Colonial Rule, _____, Be(com)ing Asante / Be-com)ing Lanham, Maryland: University Press of Akan: Thoughts on Gender, Identity and the America, 1999. Colonial Encounter.” In C. Lentz and P. Nugent (eds.) Ethnicity in Ghana: The _____, “A Chieftaincy Dispute and Ritual Limits of Invention London: Macmillan, Murder in Elmina, Ghana 1945-46,” Journal 2000, 97-118. of African History, 41 (2000), 197-219.

_____, “African Encounters with _____, “The Tribunal System in Ghana’s Missionaries,” Journal of Religious History Fourth Republic: An Experiment in Judicial 23:1 (1999). Special Issue: (Co-Edited and Reintegration,” African Affairs, 99, 394 Introduced with Derek Peterson.) (January, 2000), pp. 47-71.

_____, Our Days Dwindle: Memories of My Greene, Sandra, “Family Concerns: Gender Childhood Days in Asante (Edited and and Ethnicity in Pre-colonial West Africa,” © GSC Newsletter [14] 20 International Review of Social History, Cartographica, 35, 3-4 (1998), (published in Supplement No. 7 (1999). October, 1999), pp. 99-122.

_____, “In the Mix: Women and Ethnic Killigray, David, "Imagined martial Identities Among the Anlo Ewe,” Ethnicity in communities: recruiting for the military and Ghana, Edited by Paul Nugent and Carola police in colonial Ghana 1860-1960," in Lenz, Macmillan Press, 2000. Carole Lentz and Paul Nugent, eds., Ethnicity in Ghana: the limits of invention, Macmillan, _____, “Cultural Zones in the Era of the Basingstoke, 2000, pp. 119-136. Atlantic Slave Trade: Exploring the Yoruba Connection Among the Anlo-Ewe,” Identities ____, Guardians of Empires, ed. With David in the Shadow of Slavery, Edited by Paul Omissi, Manchester, UP, 2000. Lovejoy (London: Continuum, 2000). Konadu-Agyeman, Kwadwo, "Travel Patterns _____, “Symbols and Social Activism: An and Coping Strategies of Ghanaian Agenda for African Studies and the ASA for Immigrants in Toronto," Ghana Studies, 2 the 21st Century,” African Studies Review, 42, (1999), pp. 13-34. 2 (1999). ____, The political economy of housing and _____, “Flora Nwapa’s Efuru”: Teaching A urban development in Africa: Ghana's Gendered Text in Context,” African Novels in experience from colonial times to 1998, the Classroom, Edited by Margaret Jean Hay, Westpoint: Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2000. Lynne Reinner Press, 2000. Kotey, A.N. and Tsikata D., “Women, Land _____, “Gendered Politics, Power and Rights and Agriculture in Ghana: A Situation Culture in West Africa,” Review of Edna G. Report," in Kuenyehia, A (ed.), Women and Bay, Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics Law in West Africa. Situational Analysis of and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey, H- Some Key Issues Affecting Women, Net Reviews: Michigan State University, WALWA, Accra, 1998. Department of History, H- [email protected], March 31, 1999. Kraus, Jon, “Trade Unions and Democratization in Africa,” in Marion Doro, Heath, Carla W., “Negotiating Broadcasting ed., Africa Contemporary Record, 1989-90, Policy: Civil Society and Civil Discourse,” New York: Africana Publishing Company: Ghana Gazette, 61, 6 (December 1999), pp. 1996, pp. A59-A78. 511-521. _____, “The Impact of Structural Adjustment Hopkins, Daniel, “Danish Natural History Upon Employment and Trade Unions in and African Colonialism at the Close of the Ghana and Nigeria,” in Kurt Wohlmuth, ed., Eighteenth Century: Peter Thonning’s African Development Perspectives Yearbook, ‘scientific journey’ to the Guinea Coast, Vol. 4, Hamburg: Lit Verlag; US, Transaction 1799-1803,” Archives of Natural History, Publishers, 1996, pp. 169-191. Vol. 26, 3 (1999), pp. 369-418. _____, “The Ghanaian Independence _____, “Peter Thonning’s map of Danish Movement,” and “Kwame Nkrumah,” Jack Guinea and its use in colonial administration Goldstone, ed., The Encyclopedia of Political and Atlantic diplomacy, 1801-1890,” Revolutions, Washington, D.C.: © GSC Newsletter [14] 21 Congressional Quarterly Books, 1998, pp. 200-201, and 374-375. ____, "Women Farmers and Economic Change in Northern Ghana," Gender and Development Kraus, Jon, with Robert Charlick, et al., The 7, 3 (1999), pp. 39-49. Consolidation of Democratic Governance in Ghana, Washington D.C.: Associates in Rural Naylor R, and Van der Linde, "Building Development, 1994, report to U.S. AID. pp. Sustainable Peace: Conflict, Conciliation and 70-98. Civil Society in Northern Ghana," Oxfam Working Paper, 1999. Lentz, Carola, "Colonial Ethnography and Political reform: The Works of A. C. Duncan- Newell, Stephanie, Editor and typesetter, "Introduction," Images of African Women, Johnstone, R. S. Rattray, J. Eyre-Smith and J. Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University Guiness on Northern Ghana," Ghana Studies, of Stirling Occasional Papers No.3, pp. 1-7, 2 (1999), pp. 119-169. 1995.

La Fleur, James, trans., and ed., Pieter van ____, "Conflict and Transformation in Bessie der Broecke’s Journal of Voyages to Cape Head's, A Question of Power, Serowe: Village Verde, Guinea, and Angola, 1605-1612, of the Rain Wind and A Bewitched Crossroad," London: The Hakluyt Society, 2000. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 30, 2 (1995), pp. 65-83. Lawrence, Benjamin, “Most Obedient Servants: The Politics of Language in ____, "From the Brink of Oblivion: the German Colonial Togo,” Cahiers d’studes Anxious Masculinism in Nigerian Market Africaines, XL-159, 2000. pp. 489-525. Literatures," Research in African Literatures, 27, 3 (Fall, 1996), pp. 50-67. Manuh, Takyiwaa, "Introduction: Contemporary Ghanaian Migration," Ghana ____, Editor & typesetter, "Introduction," Studies, 2 (1999), pp. 5-11. Images of African and Caribbean Women, Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University ____, "'This Place is Not Ghana': Gender and of Stirling, Occasional Papers, No.4, 1996, pp. Rights Discourse Among Ghanaian Men and i-v. Women in Toronto," Ghana Studies, 2 (1999), 77-95. ____, “Representations of Women in Popular Fiction by Nigerian Men," The Journal of African Languages and Cultures, 9, 2 (1996), McCaskie, Thomas, "The Last Will and pp. 169-88. Testament of Kofi Sraha: A Note on Accumulation and Inheritance in Colonial ____, "Re-placing the Postcolonial Nation: Asante," Ghana Studies, 2 (1999), pp. 171-181. Narration, Nationalism and Satire in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's," The Autumn of the Meischer, Stephen F., and Leslie Ashbaugh, Patriarch', Links and Letters, 4 (1997), pp. "Been-To Visions: Transnational Linkages 39-51. Among A Ghanaian Dispersed Community in the Twentieth Century," Ghana Studies, 2 ____, Editor and “Introduction” and “Anatomy (1999), pp. 57-76. of Masculine Power: Three Perspectives on Marriage and Love in Nigerian Non-Fiction,” Naylor Rachel, "Ghana," Oxfam Publications, Writing African Women: Gender, Popular Oxford, 2000.

© GSC Newsletter [14] 22 Culture and Literature in West Africa, Zed International Institute, 7:3 (Spring/Summer Books, London, 1997. 2000), pp. 2-3, and 11.

____, “Making up their own Minds: Readers, Owusu-Ansah, David, "Ghana," entry in Interpretation and the Difference of View in Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, 2000. Ghanaian Popular Narratives,” Africa, 67, .3 (1997), pp. 389-405. Prah, Mansah, “Women and Girls’ Responses To Violence,” and “Outcomes of Women's’ ____, “Petrified Masculinities: Contemporary and Children's’ Responses,” Dorcas Coker Nigerian Popular Literatures by Men,” The Appial and Kathy Cusack, eds., Breaking Journal of Popular Culture, 30, 4 (1997), pp. The Silence and Challenging the Myths of 161-82. Violence Against Women and Children in Ghana, Accra: Gender Studies and Human ____, "Those Mean and Empty-Headed Men: the Shifting Representations of Wealth in Two Rights Documentation Center, 1999. Ghanaian Popular Novels," ARIEL, 29, 4 (1998), pp. 141-66 Radstake, Maud, Secrecy and Ambiguity: Home Care for People Living With HIV/AIDS ____, "Du marche de la litterature a la in Ghana, Leiden: African Studies Centre, 'litterature de marche'," Vivant univers, 442 2000. (1999), pp. 22- 26. Salm Steven J., "The circumference of two ____, “Redefining Mimicry: Quoting Worlds: History and Identity in the West Techniques and the Role of Readers in Locally Indies Writer," Paisaro, 2 (Spring 2000). Published Ghanaian Fiction,” Research in African Literatures, 31, 1 (2000), pp.32-49. ____, "Islam," "African Music," and "African Literature," in Toyin Falola, ed., African ____, “Popular Publishing in Nigeria and Societies and Cultures Before 1885, Durham: Ghana: Production Processes and Marketing Carolina Academic Press, 2000, pp. 107-128, Techniques in the Non-Textbook Sector,” The 265-284, and 285-302. Book Collector, 48 (spring 2000), pp.61-87. Schweizer, Peter A., Survivors on the Gold ____, Ghanaian Popular Fiction: 'Thrilling Coast: The Basel Missionaries in Colonial Discoveries in Conjugal Life' and Other Tales, Ghana, Accra, 2000. Oxford and Ohio: James Currey and Ohio University Press, 2000. Smith II, H. M. and A Yeboah, "A strategy for rural financial market reform: Applying ____, Co-editor of “Reading Africa” and “Introduction,” special issue of African the financial systems approach in Ghana," Research and Documentation, 83 (2000). Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 1, 3 (Spring 2000); www.subr.edu/africa Oheneba-Sakyi, Yaw, Female Autonomy, Family Decision-Making and Demographic Stockwell, Sara E., "Instilling the 'Sterling Behavior in Africa, The Edwin Mellen Press: Tradition': Decolonization and the Creation of Lewiston, NY, 1999. a Central Bank of Ghana," Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. Special Owusu, Maxwell, “Reluctant Refugees: Issue. Managing the Business of Empire. Liberians in Ghana,” The Journal of the Essays in Honour of David Fieldhouse, Peter

© GSC Newsletter [14] 23 Burroughs and A. J. Stockwell, eds., 25, 2 (1998), pp. 100-119. ____, Reciprociteit en zorg voor ouderen: Een antropologische vergelijking tussen ____, The Business of Decolonization: British Ghana en Nederland [Reciprocity and care of Business Strategies in the Gold Coast, Oxford the elderly: An anthropological comparison Historical Monographs, Oxford University between Ghana and the Netherlands]. Press, 2000. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie 29, 5 (1998), pp. 237-43. Takyi, Baffour K., "The African Diaspora: A Socio-Demographic Portrait of the Ghanaian ____, “Yebisa wo fie: Growing old and Migrant Community in the United States," building a house in the Akan culture of Ghana Studies, 2 (1999), pp. 35-56. Ghana,” Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 13, 4 (1998), pp. 333-359. Tashjian, Victoria B., "I Will Not Eat Stone," A Women's History of Colonial Asante, ____, “Opanyin: The ideal of elder in the Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. Akan culture of Ghana,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 32, 3 (1998), pp. 449-93. _____, "Nigeria: Women Building on the Past" in Women's Rights: A Global View, ____, “Het toilet van de oudere: Over respect, Lynn Walter, ed., Westport, CT: Greenwood intimiteit en vuil in Ghana [The old person’s Press, 2000. toilet: Respect, intimacy and dirt in Ghana,” Medische Antropologie, 11, 1 (1999), pp. 98- Tsikata, D., Lip Service and Peanuts: The 110. State and National Machinery for Women in Africa, Third World Network-Africa, Accra, van der Geest, Sjaak and Samuel Sarkodie, 2000. “The fake patient; A research Valsecchi, P, experiment in Ghana,” Social Science & ____, “Gender Equality and the State in Medicine, 47, 9 (1998), pp. 1373-1381. Ghana: Some Issues of Policy and Practice,” in Imam, A.M., Mama, A. and Sow, F. (eds.), Valsecchi, P., Calendar and the Annual Engendering African Social Sciences, Festival in Nzema: Notes on Time and CODESRIA Books, Dakar, 1997. History, Africa, (Isiao, Rome), 54, 4 (1999), pp. 489-513. van der Geest, Sjaak, The social and cultural basis of home care to elderly people in _____, “Groups, Politics, Trade and War in Ghana. In: Illness, Culture and Society, the Western Gold Coast,” (18th Century). Genova: Erga Edizioni, 1998, pp. 461-80. Nzema History Beyond “Ethnic History,” in P. Valsecchi and F. Viti (eds.), Mondes ____, Participant observation in demographic Akan/Akan Worlds, Paris: L’ Harmattan, research: Fieldwork experiences in a 1999, pp. 241-272. Ghanaian community. In: A.M. Basu & P. Aaby (eds), The methods and uses of Valsecchi, P., and F. Viti (eds.), Mondes anthropological demography, Liège: IUSSP, Akan/Akan Worlds, Paris: L’Harmattan, 1999. 1998, pp. 39-56.

____, Akan shit: Getting rid of dirt in Ghana. Anthropology Today, 14, 3 (1998), pp. 8-12. © GSC Newsletter [14] 24 DIRECTORY History: African economic and social history Li Anshan Inst. of African and Asian BELGIUM Casey Joanna Studies Department of Anthropology Peking University Arnaut Karel University of Toronto Beijing 100087 P.H. Rivers School of Toronto ON M5S 1A1 History: Political systems, rural Anthropology 416-978-4005 protest Museum Ethnography Anthropology/Archaeology: Use Eendrachtstraat 83 of indigenous resources, COTE D'IVOIRE 9000 Gent household Anthropology/Art History: economy Bini Kouakou Art and Material Culture Centre Universitaire de Bouake Mato Daniel Universite Nationale de Cote Department of Art d'Ivoire Tengan Alexis Bekyane University of Calgary 01 BP V 18 Bouake Social and Cultural Anthropology 2500 University Drive N.W. 63-45-60 fax: 63-59-84 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Calgary AL T2N 1N4 Anthropologie sociale and Tiensestraat 102 403-220-5251 fax: 403-289-7333 culturelle: Langage tambouriné B-3000 Leuven [email protected] dans les 016-325749 Fax: 016-329900 Art History: symbols, adinkra sociétés Akan de Côte d'Ivoire [email protected]. ac.be Ray Donald DENMARK African Studies/Anthropology: Department of Political Science Social and cultural aspects of University of Calgary Haaber Ihle Annette farming, rituals and African 2500 University Drive N.W. Center for African Studies knowledge of systems. Calgary AL T2N 1N4 University of Copehnagen 403-220-6482 DC1150K Denmark Political Science [email protected]

BENIN Severson Anne Department of Art FRANCE Adande Codjovi E. University of Calgary JosephUniversite Nationale du 2500 University Drive, NW Deffontaine Yann Benin Calgary AL T2N 1N4 Centre de Recherches Africaines B.P. 526 Cotonou Art History: Akan goldweights 4, rue Duris 229-33-42-39 Paris I - Pantheon Sorbonne Art History: Transborder 75020 Paris influences in art CHINA African history: Fante/European relationships, 17th-19th centuries CANADA Bodomo Adams B. Cape Coast/Efutu history University of Hong Kong Abaka Edmund Dept. of Linguistics Duchesne Véronique History Department Pokfulam Road Laboratoire d'ethnologie York University Hong Kong Universite Paris X 4700 Keele Street 852-2857-8285 fax: 852-2546- 3 rue Lavoisier North York ON M3J 1P3 4943 93500 Pantin 416-736-5865, fax: 416-736- [email protected] 40-71-17 [email protected] Linguistics: syntax and [email protected] semantics; northern Ghanaian

© GSC Newsletter [14] 25 Anthropology/Ethnology: Akan Freie Univerdsität Berlin Cultural Anthropology religion; Anyi society; Drosselweg 1-3 14195 Berlin Cultural studies and music, 49-30-838-6727; f: 49-30-838- media, oral music Gastellu Jean-Marc 6728 or 49-30-305-0340, f: 49- ORSTOM, 30-305-0342 GHANA Laboratoire d'Etudes Agraires [email protected] BP 5045 Ababio Ofosu-Mensah E. 34032 Montpellier Eichholzer, Erika University of Ghana 67-61-74-37 Institut fur Afrikanistik und R21 Akuafo Hall Economics: Time allocation in Anthiopostik Legon peasant economies Rothenbaumchaussee 67-69 History: mining activities and 20148 Hamburg, 49-40-42-838- environmental degradation in Hugon Anne 5677, Adansi 11 Rue de la Fidelite [email protected], District 75010 Paris Akan linguistics, Lexicography, 33-04-7682-6816 Language Planning. Abu Katie c/o Adam Abu [email protected] Forestry Department History: cultural change in 19th Jones Adam P.O. Box 54 century Ghana; conversion Institut für Afrikanistik Tamale Universität Leipzig Social Anthropology: family Perrot Claude-Hélène Augustusplatz 9 institutions, fertility, family Centre de Recherches Africaines D-04109 Leipzig planning, 9 rue Malher 0341-9737035 fax: 0341- domestic organization 75004 Paris 9737048 1-44783300 fax: 1-44783333 [email protected] Abdulai Iddirisu History and Anthropology: Anyi History Department of Social, Political and Eotile (Cote D'Ivoire); and Historical Studies, University precolonial Lentz Carola of Development Studies history Institut fur Historische P. O. Box 1350, Tamale Ethnologie 233-71-22078, 233-71-25558 Rivallain Josette Liebigstr. 41 f: 233-71-23156 Musée de l'Homme 61323 Frankfurt [email protected] Laboratoire d'Ethnologie 49-69-79822120 fax: 49-69- History: Development of Islamic Place du Trocadéro [email protected] education, Gagbon history, 75116 Paris frankfurt.de Africans in Dispersion. 33-1-66-0573-10 fax: 33-1-66- Anthropology: creation of 0573-66 ethnicities in NW Ghana Addo-Fening Robert Ethnoarchaeology: African Department of History traditional money; masks and Massing Andreas University of Ghana statues Richard-Wagner Str. 29 P.O. Box 12 Cologne Legon Riviere Thierry 0049-221-4704078 fax:0049- History: history of Akyem Centre de recherches africaines 6721-32287 Abuakwa up to 1943 Universite de Paris I Agric. Economics, Sociology: 9 rue Malher Rural and Agri. Development Adomako Ampofo Akosua 75004 Paris Institute of African Studies History of West Africa: Economy Schlottner Michael University of Ghana and Politics of the Ga People of Goethe University of Frankfurt Box 73 Accra SFB/FK 435 “Wissen” C2 Legon in the 16th-18th centuries Geothe University 233-21-500402 fax: 233-21- Postfach 11 19 32 [email protected] 60054 Frankfurt, Germany m.gh GERMANY 49-69-798-29067 Sociology: gender relations; 49—69-788-0193 social demography Cagler S. Ayse f: 49-69-798-29070 Institut für Ethnologie [email protected] Agyeman-Duah, Ivor

© GSC Newsletter [14] 26 Center for the Development of Archives and History: information about Akan culture People, P. O. Box 5601 Kumase government records, archival [email protected] finding aids Asante-Frempong Nana Wonoo Ventures Ltd. Akotia Pino Anquandah James R. P.O. Box 7894 Dept. of Library & Archival Department of Archaeology Accra Studies University of Ghana 233-21-229968 fax: 233-21- University of Ghana P.O. Box 3 234542 P.O. Box 60 Legon Business and Politics (Ghana, Legon 75381 Member of Parliament 500149 Archaeology/Ethnoarchaeology: Local government and rural Archaeology Historiography: Iron Age archaeology, material development legal records, private papers culture studies Baffour Agyeman-Duah Alemna Anaba A. Center for democracy and University of Ghana Ansah Edward Development, P. O. Box 404 Dept. of Library and Archival University of Ghana Legon-Ghana Studies P.O. Box 25 Mensah Sarbah [email protected] P.O. Box 60 Legon Hall Political Science: Government, 021-500149 Legon civil society, and issues of [email protected] [email protected] democracy Library and Information Science: History: social and economic documentation of oral literature history Baku D.E. Kofi Department of History Amanor Kojo Antwi Ibrahim Kwabena University of Ghana Development and Women's University for Development P.O. Box 12 Legon Studies Studies History: Gold Coast / Ghanaian Institute of African Studies P.O. Box 1350 coastal history; intellectual University of Ghana Tamale resistance Legon 071-22078 and responses to colonialism [email protected] Library and Information Science: user education, scholarly Bambangi Sagre Andoh A.S.Y. publishing University for Development Manhyia Palace Studies Kumasi Anyidoho Kofi Faculty of Integrated Devel. Andoh Ben Institute of African Studies Studies Academic and Student Affairs University of Ghana Navrongo Campus University of Science and P.O. Box 73 Navrongo Technology Legon Economics: trade, money and Kumasi banking 233-051-60137 Anyimadu Amos Kwame Department of Political Science Bediako Rev. Dr. Kwame Anim-Asante Joseph University of Ghana Akrofi-Christaller Memorial PRAAD P.O. Box 64 CentreP.O. Box 76 P.O. Box 3056 Legon Akropong-Akuapem Accra Political Science: the roots of +233-27-556718 221234 authoritarianism in Ghana; Archaeology: record management techniques of Bediako Nana Osei social mobilization across space Kumawu Traditional Council Aning Thomas Kwame and time P.O. Box 1 P.O Box 1990 Appiah E.M. Kumawu A/R Regional Archives of Ghana P.O. Box 829 051-20267 Kumasi Kumasi Kumawu State Secretary: Asante 051-22723 Oral tradition, Folklore: Asante history with special reference to Twi proverbs and folklore and Sekyere and Kumawu general

© GSC Newsletter [14] 27 Boadi Lawrence Linguistics: Akan phonology; Tamale Institute of Cross Department of Linguistics Akan dialects; Akan and related Cultural Studies University of Ghana languages P.O. Box 1012 Legon Tamale Linguistics and African Donkoh Wilhelmina 233 71 22914 233 71 22914 Languages: Akan linguistics, University of Science and [email protected] English Technology Dept. of General and Social Anthropology religious linguistics, Akan literature African institutions, ethnicity, indigenous Studies knowledge and Boahen Albert Adu Kumasi development. P.O. Box C1234 233 5160137 Cantonments [email protected] Kwami Atta Accra History: Asante history and College of Art History: history of Ghana culture Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Brempong Nana Arhin Duah Francis Boakye Technology P.O. Box 165 Ghana Museums and Monuments P.O. Box 101 Ofankor, Greater Accra Board Kumasi Social Anthropology P.O. Box 3343 233-51-60137 Accra [email protected] Brempong K. Owusu 221633-5 fax: Painting'; Printmaking Ghanaian Institute of African Studies Art; Ewe Art; painting; University of Ghana Fynn John Kofi printmaking P.O. Box 73 Department of History Legon University of Ghana Lange Kofi Ron P.O. Box 12 Catholic Church Chachu E. Nina Legon P.O. Box 9 The British Council History: the rise and Yendi Bank Road development of the Fante Oral Tradition Twi proverbs, P.O. Box 1996 peoples; the history of dilemma tales, folktales, Kumasi the Akan peoples of Ghana anansesem (233) 051-23462 fax:(233) 021- 26725 Gyima-Boadi, E. Lange Kofi Ron [email protected] Center for Democracy and Tamale Inst. of Cross m.gh Development, P. O. Box 404, Cultural Studies Library Science Legon-Ghana P.O. Box 1012 [email protected] Tamale Crossland Leonard Political science: government, 011 233 71 22914 Department of Archaeology civil society, issues of democracy 011 233 71 22836 University of Ghana [email protected] P.O. Box 3 Kasanga Kasim Linguistics Proverbs, folklore, Legon Inst. of Land Management language, University of Science and Tech. inculturation Dakubu Mary Esther Kropp Kumasi Language Centre 233-51-60454 Manuh Takyiwaa University of Ghana [email protected] Institute of African Studies P.O. Box 119 Land Management development University of Ghana, Legon Legon [email protected] [email protected] Keteku Nancy W. [email protected] Linguistics: literature, history, Educational Advisor anthropology USIS P.O. Box 2288 Nortey Ernest Boakye Accra Dept. of History Dolphyne Florence Abena 229179 229822 Box 12 University of Ghana Department of Linguistics [email protected] Legon University of Ghana [email protected] Legon Kirby Jon P.

© GSC Newsletter [14] 28 History economic and social Applied social sciences; history; evolution of Takoradi community development Quainoo Albert K. Harbour and its socio-economic Distance learning; community University for Development impact development Studies Dept. of Agronomy Nukunya Godwin Kwaku Owusu-Sarpong Albert P.O. Box 1350 University of Ghana Faculty of Social Sciences Tamale Department of Sociology Department of Languages 071-22078 P.O. Box 65 University of Science and Agriculture Farming systems Legon Technology, Kumasi and sustainable agriculture 233-21-500312 5351 ext. 238 anthropology family, French Literature; African Sawyerr Akilagpa population, Literature in French African Association of African gender, social organization literature and poetics, Blacks in Universities Diaspora, African history, Asante P. O. Box 5744 Cross-Cultural Studies history, Akanology Accra-North Tamale Institute 233-21-761-588, 233-21-401- P.O. Box 1012 Owusu-Sarpong Christine 461, f: 233-21-774-182 Tamale Faculty of Social Sciences [email protected] Ghana Department of Languages Law, Higher Education policy University of Science and and management, human Ofori-Boadu Gloria Technology development, negotiations P.O. Box 13039 Kumasi Accra 233-51-60182 233-51-60137 Seidu Al-Hassan 233-21-229875 [email protected] University for Development [email protected] Ethnolinguistics , Akan oral Studies Law women's rights and the tradition Economics and Entrepreneurial law Development Peprah Ernestina P.O. Box 1350 Opoku Kofi Asare Bureau of Integrated Tamale Institute of African Studies Development 0171-22078 University of Ghana University of Economics Tourism; rural P.O. Box 73 Science and Technology development and exchange rate Legon, Ghana Kumasi policies 233-51 60406 Oppong Christine 233-51-3137 Shinnie Peter L. P.O. Box 316 [email protected] P.O. Box 187 Legon sociology Women's Kumasi, Ghana Social anthropology organisations Gender, population, family Tagoe-Darko Eva systems Perbi Akosua Institute of Land Management Ghana Department of History and Development University of Legon UST Osam Kweku Legon Kumasi Linguistics Department History Indigenous slavery in 233-51-60454 University of Ghana Ghana; women in history [email protected] Legon Sociology; Demography Linguistics syntax/semantics Prah Mensah traditional health practices of Akan; discourse analysis University of Cape Coast Department of Sociology Tayman Kodwo F. S. Owen Wilfred Cape Coast Department of Chemistry Reston enterprises 233-42-32442/4 #215 University of Cape Coast P.O. Box 252 233-42-33942 233-42-32440 f: 233-42-32446 Techiman [email protected] (attn MPrah) [email protected] 0653-2141 Gender studies, popular culture, Organic chemistry, natural [email protected] sociology of education products

© GSC Newsletter [14] 29 History: Akan states History; International relations; Tsikata Dzodzi ITALY social history; urban elite in ISSER, University of Ghana coastal Gold Coast 18th-20th P. O. Box 74 Viti Fabio century; Dutch-Gold Coast Legon, Ghana Via Crete Senesi, 20 Relations 233-21-501182, 233-21-502003 53019 Castelnuovo f: 233-21-511188 University of Urbino Everts Natalie [email protected] Berardenga IGEER Social Science (sociology & 0577 298513 0577 298503 Leiden University social anthropology, rural Social Anthropology, Doelensteeg 16 livelihoods Ethnology Anthropology of 2300 RA Leiden West African precolonial The Netherlands Yankah Kwesi societies; political 071-272769 Institute of African Studies systems; precolonial trade and [email protected] University of Ghana local markets; ethnicity and History Euro-African population P.O. Box 73 identity around the Dutch trade Legon settlements of the Gold Coast, GHANA esp. Elmina

Yeboa-Dankwa Jonas Kornet Marlin Language Centre University of Rotterdam University Ghana JAPAN Stationssingel 97b P.O. Box 119 3033 HG Rotterdam Legon Tahara Noriko c/o YAGI The netherlands Folklore folktales of the 1-21-4 Akasakadai 0031.10.4661745 Akan and Guan Sakai City [email protected] 590-0144 Science of art and culture, Osaka material culture/arts ITALY 81-729-56-3181 81-729-56-6011 LaFleur James Biblioteca [email protected] Research School CNWS Instituto Italo-Africano Social anthropology/Medical University of Leiden via U. Aldrovandi, Sociology Personal narratives of P.O. Box 9515 16 life strategies 2300 RA 00197 Leiden Roma NETHERLANDS 071-5272171 0171 5272939 3216712 [email protected] ITALY Asa-Rijk van Dikj History Pre-colonial agricultural; African Studies Center Atlantic history Galli Silvano Leiden University NETHERLANDS Via Borghero, 4 P. O. Box 9555 16148, Genova 2300 RB Leiden, The Meyer Birgit 39-10-37-60-747 37-33-664 Netherlands Research Center on Religion and [email protected] 31-71-5273373, f:31-71-5273344 Society Littérature orale Contes, [email protected] University of Amsterdam, The proverbes, rites et Popular Culture Netherlands fêtes traditionnelles; travaux sur Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185 les Anyi-Bona de Côte d'Ivoire Doortmont Michel R. 1012 DK Amsterdam ITALY University of Groningen 31-20-5253620 31-20-5253615 Department of History [email protected] Valsecchi PierLuigi P.O. Box 716 Cultural Anthropology, religion; Via del Boschetto, 7 9700 AS colonial evangelism; regional 00184, Roma Groningen, NL cults; spirit possession; colonial 0039-722-329687, 0039-06- +31-50-363 7254, discourse 4744889 +31-50-3136848 [email protected] [email protected] Parren Marc P.E.

© GSC Newsletter [14] 30 Department of Environmental History Asafo companies Rebgasse 17 Sciences NORWAY 4132 Muttenz Wageningen Agricultural 41-61-268-8242 University Osei Tutu, John Kwadwo [email protected] P.O. Box 342 Nerman Kragsv 44-41 History social history of Krobo 6700 AH N-7050 Trondheim, Norway SWITZERLAND Wageningen [email protected] 31-317-402916 31-317-403542 47-73-88-84.96 Haenger Peter [email protected] Hebelstr. 138 forestry West and Central Simensen Jarle 4056 Basel African natural forest Department of History SWITZERLAND management, forest history. University of Trondheim UNIT NETHERLANDS 7055 Dragvoll Jenkins Paul 47-73-596453 47-73-596441 Basel Mission Archive THE LIBRARY [email protected] Missionsstrasse 21 Afrika-Studiecentrum History Gold Coast colonial CH-4003 Wassenaarseweg 52 history, local political Basel P.O. Box 9555 development; Akim 061 26 88 245 2300 RB Abuakwa 061 26 88 268 Leiden NORWAY History European sources 071 27-33-53 and African history; visual NETHERLANDS Winsnes Selena Axelrod sources and the history of Ghana Peder Jolsensvei 5 and van der Geest Sjaak N-2005 Raelingen Norway Cameroon Anthropological-Sociological 47-63-830253, f:47-63831049 Centre [email protected] University of Amsterdam History and Ethnography; UNITED KINGDOM Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185 Critical translations from Danish, 1012 DK Amsterdam Danish-Norwegian slave trade Ariga Fusao 020-5252621 31-20-525-3010 School of Oriental and African [email protected] Studies Cultural Anthropology SOUTH AFRICA Russell Square Health, Healthcare, old age, London missionaries, highlife, Ahnureng-Obeng Fred WC1H OXG pharmaceuticals Department of Political science History Post-war politics and Graduate school economic University of Wits development especially the NIGERIA Johannesburg, Nkrumah years, 1951-1966 [email protected] Aidoo Akwasi Austin Gareth Ford Foundation Hayford Patrick R.D. Department of Economic History Lagos, Ghana High Commission London School of Economics Nigeria (effective November 1 P.O. Box 12537 Houghton Street 2001, send all correspondence to Hatfield 0028 London, WC2A 2AE Ford Foundation Head Office in Pretoria Great Britain New York). 2712-342-5847/8 0207-955-7068, f: 0207-955- [email protected] 2712-342-5863 7730 [email protected] [email protected] NORWAY International Relations Ghana's Economic and social history, role in the West indigenous rural capitalism in Hernaes Per Africa sub-region southern Ghana, especially History Department Asante University of Trondheim N-7055 SWITZERLAND Baffour Kwabiah K. A. Dragvoll Formerly of University of St. [email protected] Arlt Veit Andrews, Scotland

© GSC Newsletter [14] 31 Now at: 57 Teignmouth Close Thornhaugh St. Russell Square photographs and photographers Clapman Common London of London, SW4 7BU WC1H 8AB Ghana, pre-1920; Kofi Nti, 0793-2067-074 or 0171-627- 0171-323-6118 'Prince of Asante' 1705 [email protected] Great Britain [email protected] Great Britain Social anthropology, la Gorgendière Louise Jeanine Development studies, rural Dennis Carolyne de development, agricultural Development and Project Department of Social innovations. Planning Centre Anthropology University of Bradford University of Edinburgh Adam Bailey Anne Bradford Ferguson Bldg, 1 Rosebery Rd Flat 1A BD7 1DP 0124 38363 01274 George Square London 385280 Edinburgh Scot. SW2 4DQ [email protected] EH8 9LL 0131-650-3932 0131- History Oral histories of the Sociology; Structural 650-3945 Atlantic Slave Trade Anthropology [email protected] Great Britain Structural Adjustment; Civil Social Anthropology Society Development, education, Asante Brydon Lynne Great Britain life histories, Centre of West African Studies migration, Asante, Women, University of Birmingham Destombes Jerome village-state relations, structural Edgebaston, Birmingham Dept. of Economic History adjustment B15 2TT 0121-414-5128 0121- London School of Economics GREAT BRITAIN 414-3228 Houghton St. [email protected] London Legge Karen Anthropology; Sociology cultural WC2A 2AE Department of Sociology and social change; gender; 0171-955-7730 University of Liverpool grassroots [email protected] P.O. Box 147 perceptions of adjustment Economic history Northern Liverpool GREAT Britain Ghana; nutrition, poverty, L69 3BX 051-794-3021 rural welfare and development Anthropology, Development Chisholm Alistair GREAT Britain Studies, Farming systems, social 20 Oval Mansions and economic change, effects of Kennington Oval Djaba Georgette structural adjustment on rural and London School of Oriental and African urban poor SE11 5SA Studies GREAT BRITAIN [email protected] Department of Law History Post War nationalism, 47-49-Russell Square McCaskie Thomas C. C.P.P London WCZ Centre of West African Studies Great Britain 0171-837-3347 Birmingham University [email protected] or Box 363 Birmingham Collier K. A. [email protected] B15 2TT 0121-414-5124 0121- CWAS, University of 414-3228 Birmingham, UK Killingray David [email protected] Top Floor Flat Department of Historical and History Asante culture and 37B St Margaret’s RD Cultural history Oxford OX2 6LD Studies GREAT BRITAIN 01865-469884/5, 07940-399861 Goldsmiths College [email protected] University of London McLeod Malcolm D. History, Ghana-Togo Border, London Hunterian Museum and Art History of de-colonization in SE14 6NW Gallery Ghana/Togo 0171 919 7398 University of Glasgow [email protected] University Avenue Crabtree, Janet Margaret History Military and policing in Glasgow Scot. SOAS 19-20th-century Ghana; G12 8QQ

© GSC Newsletter [14] 32 0141-339-8855 ext. 4285 0141- History of Accra; religion and London 307-8059 society in Taleland, Upper East WC1H 0XG [email protected] Region GREAT BRITAIN Anthropology Asante art, GREAT BRITAIN material culture, and history Stockwell Sarah E. Great Britain Quist Isaac F. King’s College, London International Baccalaureate Department of History Naylor, Rachel Organization London, WC2N 2CS MaGee College 25 Birchwood Gardens 020-7848-1042, 020-8368-1135 University of Ulster Whitchurch [email protected] School of Social and Community Cardiff CF14 1HZ, Wales U.K. History: De-colonization Sciences 44-2920 774-60, 44-2920-619490 (including the economic Derry, BT48 7JL [email protected] dimension of the transfer of Northern Ireland Education, language art, power in Ghana and British 028.71.375298, 028.70.353590 international education, literary colonial policy, aid, and colonial f: 028.71.375627 theory and curriculum service). [email protected] development Sociology and Social Tribe Michael Anthropology Rathbone Richard Development and Project Structural adjustment, rural School of Oriental and African Planning Center development, gender, NGOs, Studies University of Bradford ethnic conflict History Department Bradford Russell Square BD7 1DP 44-1274-383978 44- Newell Stephanie London 1274-385280 African Studies Centre WC1H OXG [email protected] University of Cambridge 171-323-6050 Development economics small- Free School Lane 171-436-3844 scale industry Cambridge CB2 3RQ [email protected] research 01223 339179, f: 01223-334396 History recent Ghanaian history Great Britain [email protected] GREAT BRITAIN West African Literature, West Wilks Ivor African popular literature, post- Roberts P.A. Cefn-y-Bryn colonial theory, African women’s Department of Sociology Cribyn writing, social history of reading Liverpool University Ceredigion, Wales, U.K. in Africa Liverpool SA48 7QH L69 3BX 051-794-2989 051- 44-1570-471202 Nugent Paul 708-6502 [email protected] University of Edinburgh Social Anthropology; History Asante; Islam and the Department of History Gender studies, gender relations Juula William Robertson Bldg and sexuality; agrarian Edinburgh transformations Wrangham Chjatchi Elizabeth EH8 9 JY GREAT BRITAIN School of Oriental and African 0131-650-3756 0131-650-3786 Studies [email protected] Serials Department Russell Square History of Ghana-Togo border; Edinburgh University Library London smuggling and George Square WC1H OXG parallel economies; ethnicity; Edinburgh Scotland History Ghanaian history contemporary politics EH8 9LJ 1900-1930 with special reference GREAT BRITAIN GREAT BRITAIN to W.W. I

Parker John Serials Department History Dept. The Library USA SOAS, Russell Sq. School of Oriental and African London WC1H Studies Abaka Edmund OXG 0171 323 6146 Thornhaugh Street, Russell University of Miami [email protected] Square Department of History

© GSC Newsletter [14] 33 P. O. Box 248107 659 West Owen Hall Coral Gables, FL 33124-4662 Agyenim-Boateng Kwame Michigan State University 305-284-3702, f: 305-284-3558 Department of Political Science East Lansing MI 48825- [email protected] West Virginia 1109 History: pre colonial and colonial Wesleyan andrews5student @msu.edu economic and social, Hausa P.O. Box 81 Art diaspora, kolanut production, Buckhannon WV 26201 304- History Zimbabwe slavery, Akan states and 473-8434 imperialism 304-472-2571 Arthur George Kojo [email protected] 120 Jenkins Hall Aborampha Osei-Mensah Political Science peace, Marshall University Department of Afro-American humanitarian intervention, 400 Hal Greer Blvd Studies human rights, African Huntington WV 25755-2440 Box 413 governance 304-696-2876, f: 304-696-2866 University of Wisconsin [email protected] Milwaukee WI Akyeampong Emmanuel 53201 Kwaku Barrington Leo 414-229-4155 History Department 56 Heatherwood Drive 414-229-4607 Harvard University Marlborough MA 01752 [email protected] Cambridge MA 508-481-7464 Sociology, Afro-American 02138 617-496-3684 617-496- [email protected] Studies 3425 Sociology: social change, African and [email protected] community studies, resettlement Afro-American families and History West Africa, social Akan family history history, political history, religious Berry Sara interaction; alcohol Dept. of History Addai Isaac Johns Hopkins University Lansing Community College Allman Jean Marie Baltimore MD 5500 Social Science Department of History 21218 410-516-7577 410-516- LCC Box 4010, Lansing MI University of Illinois 7586 48901 309 Gregory Hall, MC-466 History and Anthropology social, 517-483-1491, 517-272-7921 Urbana, IL 61801 economic and agrarian history Population and health 217-333-2297 development [email protected] Boateng Kwame History Asante, gender and Political Science Dept Adjaye Sophia A. colonialism, labor migration and P.O. Box 81 Department of English / ethnicity Buckhannon WV 26201 Communications 304-473-8434, 304-472-0064 California State University Amoako Joe f: 304-472-2571 Bakersfield CA 93311 805- Delaware State University [email protected] 664-2362 Department of English Political Science: African Linguistics Akan 1200 N. Dupont Highway democracy and Human Rights, phonology; Akan-English Dover DE 19901 political conflict and violence interaction; English linguistics; 302-857-6593, 302-697-6237 resolution, African governance ESL f: 302-857-6563 and the rule of law, International [email protected] organizations African Studies Center Linguistic, African linguistics 100 International Center and languages, Asante Bratton Angela Michigan State University chieftaincy in the diaspora Department of Anthropology East Lansing MI 48824 Indiana University Amoatin Y.B. Student Building 130 Aggrey Lanese Kwegyir 602 West 165 Street Apt. 24 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue 1905 California Ave. New York NY 10032 Bloomington, IN 47405-7100 Iowa City IA 52240 812-855-0870; 812-336-5898 319-335-0317 Andrews Charmagne [email protected] [email protected] Art Department socio/cultural anthropology

© GSC Newsletter [14] 34 Gender socialization, gender [email protected] Madison WI 53713 roles, identity, life history, 608-262-6277 folklore Cole Catherine M. [email protected] 1924-B Elise Way sociology Charismatic Brookins Graig Santa Barbara CA 93109 churches and North Carolina State University 805--965-5627 their role in development 2806 Hiiborough Street 805-893-7029 P. O. Box 7107 [email protected] Davis Paula Raleigh NC 27695-7107 Theatre; Performance Studies Population Studies and Training 919-515-7518, 919-271-0049 popular culture; literature; Center f: 919-515-1828 concern parties Brown University [email protected] P.O. Box 1916 Psychology Crane Coronel Providence RI 02912 Study Abroad Programs, Patricia 401-863-7284 diasporic travel of African Art Department 401-863-3351 American Students, traditional Colorado State University [email protected] religions, rites of passage, Fort Collins CO 80523 Anthropology and Demography community-based programs. 303-491-5495 women's work, labor Art History history, rural-urban connections Chachu Nina Aowin and Agni The British Council Deheer Andrew Bank Road Cruz Maria das Dores 1362 E 224th Street P. O. Box KS 1996 Department of Anthropology Bronx, NY 10466 Kumase SUNY, Binghamton [email protected] 233-(0)51-23462, 233-(0)51- P.O. Box 6000 23585, F:233-(0)51-26725 Binghamton NY 13902- DeCorse Christopher [email protected] 6000 Department of Anthropology h [email protected] 209 Maxwell Hall Librarianship, documentation on.edu Syracuse University Archaeology Ceramics and Syracuse NY 13244-1200 Chouin Gerard Ethnoarchaeology 315-443-4647 440 Slocum Heights, Apt 5 315-443-4860 Syracuse, NY 13210 Daddieh Cyril [email protected] 315-442-7297 Political Science Dept Archaeology Culture contact; [email protected] Providence College ethnohistory; History, archaeology, 301 Howley Hall materials analysis anthropology, pre-colonial Providence RI 02928 coastal Ghana, French travel 401-865-2907, 401-943-9123 Dillard Mary accounts in West Africa, social f: 401-865-1222 1557 S. Fairfax Ave. history [email protected] Los Angeles CA 90019 Higher education reform; foreign [email protected] Clark Gracia policy and political economy of History: West Africa Anthropology Dept. Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire Examinations Council, Education Indiana University in West Africa since 1945; Trans- Student Building Danso-Boafo Kwaku Atlantic Slave Trade; Girls' Bloomington, IN 47405 International Affairs and education in Nigeria and Ghana 812-855-3866 Development 812-855-4358 Clark Dodoo Francis [email protected] Atlanta University Vanderbilt University Anthropology market traders, James P. Brawley Dr. Box 1811-B Kumasi, women, economic Atlanta GA 30314 Department of Sociology history, sap 404-880-6662 Nashville TN 37235 404-880-6676 615-322-7545 Coe Cati f: 615-322-7505 Department of Folklife Darkwah Akosua K. [email protected] University of Pennsylvania 2442 Fiedler Lane Apt. 2

© GSC Newsletter [14] 35 Demography and Sociology: Women’s organizations in the History: Akyem Abuakwa; gender, power and reproductive transition to democracy witchcraft decision-making Feinberg Harvey M. Greene Sandra E. Dogbe Esi Department of History Department of History University of Louisville Southern Connecticut State Cornell University 437 Strickler Hall University 450 McGraw Hall Department of Pan African New Haven CT 06515 Ithaca NY 14850 Studies 203-392-5608 607-255-4124 Louisville KY 40292 203-392-5670 607-255-0469 502-852-5505, f: 502-852-5954 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] History Dutch influences in History, Social history, ethnicity, Literature, gender and cultural Ghana during the 18th and 19th gender; religion; social and studies, popular culture (film, centuries especially at Elmina cultural clothing and popular narratives). geography Firmin-Sellers Kathryn Dumett Raymond Department of Political Science Haight Bruce Department of History 210 Woodburn Hall Department of History Purdue University Indiana University Western Michigan University University Hall Bloomington IN 47405 Kalamazoo MI 49008- West Lafayette IN 47907 812-855-1644 5020 765-494-4153 812-855-2027 616-387-5361 History Economic history of [email protected] 616-342-9914 Ghana; gold mining; domestic land tenure, customary law [email protected] trade and agriculture; labor History Gonja history, especially history; Getz Trevor R political, Islam, and slavery and the slave trade University of New Orleans Gonja/Asante Department of History relations Dwamena Dakwa Kwame Lakefront Campus Indiana University New Orleans, LA 70148 Hasty Jennifer 1654 S. Curry Pike History: slavery and Pacific Lutheran University Bloomington, IN 47403 emancipation, slave trade, Department of Anthropology 812-825-3145 Akyem, Salagah, chiefly Tacoma WA 98447-0003 [email protected] officeholders 253-535-8307, f: 253-535-8305 Education Psychology, effective [email protected] teaching and improving leaner- Gilbert Michelle Cultural anthropology, political centered instructions in primary Box 135 culture, news media and distance education Guilford CT 06437 Anthropology: religion, art, local Heath Carla W. Ehrlich Martha politics, Akuapem Randolph-Macon Woman's Department of Art and Design College Southern Illinois University Gocking Roger Dept. of Communication Edwardsville IL 62026-1764 Mercy College Lynchburg, VA 25403 618-692-3183 Dobbs Ferry NY 10522 804-947-8500 618-692-3096 914-674-7420 [email protected] [email protected] History Ghanaian colonial history Communication, African Art History Akan/Asante royal with emphasis on law and media policy (especially arts. political institutions broadcasting), the influence of NGOs in establishing, Fallon Katy Gray Natasha maintaining, directing media Indiana University Lawrence University institutions Apt F at 907 S Maxwell Terrace History Department Bloomington IN 47401 Main Hall Henige David 812-855-1341, 812-331-0224 Appleton WI 54911 Memorial Library [email protected] 920-832-7223, 920-997-9406 University of Wisconsin [email protected] 728 State Street

© GSC Newsletter [14] 36 Madison WI 53706 [email protected] 608-262-6397 608-265-2754 Kea Ray History/Anthropology [email protected] Department of History Ghana, Togo, oral history, History Historiography, University of California, colonialism, Cuba genealogy, oral tradition, Riverside historical demography Riverside CA 92521 Laumann, Rebecca Center for International programs Herlin Susan J. King Noel and Services College of Arts and Sciences 470 Browns Valley Road 405 University Center University of Louisville Corralitos, CA 95076 Memphis, TN 38155-6278 Louisville KY 40292 408-724-8336, f: 408724-1412 901-678-3651, f: 901-678-4949 502-852-6817 512-852-0770 History of Religion, Comparative [email protected] [email protected] Religion. International education and History Dagbon related services. Korang Kwaku Larbi Holsoe Svend E 816 Oakland Ave, # 208 Lawrance Benjamin 108 Landsdowne Court Urbana IL 61802 Stanford University Landsdowne PA 19050 217-333-3979 Department of History [email protected] [email protected] Stanford CA 94305-2024 English/African Studies: African 650-497-1097 Hopkins Daniel P. and Ghanaian writing; post- [email protected] Dept. of Geosciences colonial cultural studies. History, Togoland mandates. 5100 Rockhill Road Ewe, Human Rights, LGB issues Kansas City MO 64110 Kotey Paul 816-822-0274 433 Grinter Hall Locke David 816-235-5535 University of Florida Tufts University [email protected] P. O. Box 115560 Department of Music Geography: Danish tropical Gainesville, FL 32611 20 Prof Row colonies; southeast Ghana [email protected] Medford MA 02155 617-627-3564, f:617-627-3967 Hughes Margaret W. Kraus Paul [email protected] 234 Union St. #3 Political Science Department Ethnomusicology, documentation Pittsburgh PA 15201 State University of New York at of traditional performing arts and 412-731-0595 Fredonia, culture [email protected] Fredonia, NY 14063 Anthropology economics, 716-366-8033 Mahama Sulemama markets, gender, [email protected] Penn State University SAP Political Science: political 1111 Sowens Street economy, democratization, trade State College, PA 16801 Indiana University Libraries unions and civil society, [email protected] Serials Department / 1AED9729 structural adjustment Bloomington IN 47405-1801 Maier Donna Kwakye-Nuako Kwasi Department of History Jones Peter Howard University University of Northern Iowa University of Illinois School of Divinity Cedar Falls, IA 50614 913 University Hall 1400 Shepherd Street NE 319-273-2338, 319-234-3950 601 S. Morgan Street Washington DC 20017 [email protected] Chicago, IL 60607-7109 202-806-0618, 703-619-9815 History, pre-colonial and [email protected] Religion: religion and politics in economic Sub-Saharan Africa Jones-Nelson Alice Manu Franklin Center for African Studies Laumann Dennis Morgan State University University of Florida Department of History Scholl of Business 427 Grinter Hall University of Memphis Department of Business Gainesville Fl 32611 Memphis, TN 38152-3450 Administration [email protected] 901-678-2520, f: 901-678-2720 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane

© GSC Newsletter [14] 37 Baltimore. MD 21251 301-570-1102 443-885-3357, f: 410-319-4034 Obeng Samuel [email protected] [email protected] Linguistic Department k_osei99yahoo.com Business, economics Indiana University African Studies, structural Bloomington IN 47405 adjustment and development McCall Daniel [email protected] 7 Wigglesworth Street Osei Mensah Michael Boston, MA 02120 Obeng Pashington 902 Whitehall Court History, Anthropology, Art 68 Beechwood Road Chester Springs, PA 19425 History, emergence of the Akan Wellesley MA 02181 610-594-0222 kingdoms 781-235-7424, f: 781-235-9838 [email protected] [email protected] media, Melrose Claudia Anthropology: images of Dance program Africana people in popular Osei Tutu Brempong 4217 Humanities culture; religions and cultures of Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin- Africa and diaspora Africans. Syracuse University Madison 209 Maxwell Hall (suite) Madison, WI 53706 Ofori-Ansa Kwaku Syracuse NY 13244-1090 F: 608-265-3841 2211 Amherst Road 315-443-2200, 315-475-5829, f: [email protected]. Hyarrsville MD 20783 315-443-4860 edu 301-422-1821, f: 301-422-0130 [email protected] Modern dance, Ghanaian [email protected] Anthropology, tourism traditional and modern dance development, public policy, forms in context Ofori-Boadi, Gloria cultural resource management, Georgetown Law material culture Miescher Stephan Law Center History Department 600 NJ Avenue # 334 Owusu-Francis University of California Washington DC 20001 University of Minnesota Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Department of Geography 805-893-7676, f: 805-893-8795 Oheneba-Sakyi, Yaw 414 Social Sciences [email protected] 44 Pierrepont Ave Minneapolis, MN 55455 history: 19th and 20th century New York State University at 612-626-252 social history, gender, Potsdam, NY 13676-2294 [email protected] masculinity 315-267-2563, 315-265-0336 Geography, third world f: 315-267-2743 developments, population issues Mikell Gwendolyn [email protected] Department of Sociology Sociology and African Studies, Owusu Maxwell Georgetown University Social demography of the University of Michigan Washington DC 20057 African family, Race/ethnic 1054 LSA Building 202-687-4306, f: 202-687-7084 relations Ann Arbor MI 48109-1382 313-764-9398 Newman Kofi Okrah Grace Anthropology, socio-political and 28-B Westgate Circle University of Michigan economic transformation, legal Akron OH 44313 508 W. Stadium Blvd systems, refugee studies [email protected] Ann Arbor MI 48103 Urban studies, environmental 734-669-8337 Owusu-Ansah Anthony planning, tourism, GIS [email protected] 225 Carriage Hill Drive Performance, Initiation rituals, Athens, OH 45701 Nyaggah Mougo gender, urbanization, Athens, OH 45701 California State University at globalization, health, small-scale [email protected] Fullerton, Box 1563 development projects Placentia CA 92871 Owusu-Ansah David 714-773-3474 Osei-Akom Kwaku Department of History [email protected] Howard University James Madison University History, Ghana, Kenya and South 4622 Weston Place Harrisonburg, VA 22807 Africa. Olney MD 20832 540-568-6132/6743

© GSC Newsletter [14] 38 f: 540-568-6556 History: mixed-race communities peace keeping, leadership History, Islamic (religious in West Africa (especially analysis, biography conversion, education, medicine) Ghana) Sarfah J. A. Panford Kwamena Reed Ann Department of Africana Studies African/American Studies Indiana University SUNY/Albany Department 605 S. Fess #3 1408 Washington Avenue Northeastern University Bloomington, IN 47401 Albany NY 12222 132 Nightingale Hall 812-331-0790 518-442-4725, f: 518-442-2569 Boston MA 02115 [email protected] [email protected] Political Science, trade unions, Anthropology, Economic political party, structural anthropology, gender and Schildkrout Enid adjustment development, impact of structural Department of Anthropology adjustment American Museum of Natural Pellow Dehorah History Stracuse University Roach Penelope Central Park West and 79th Street Anthropology Department Marymount College New York NY 10024 209 Maxwell Hall International Studies 212-769-5432, 212-362-0491, f: Syracuse, NY 13244 Tarrytown NY 10591-3796 212-769-5334 315-443-4216, f: 315-443-4860 914-631-3200 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Anthropology, Islamic history of Anthropology, gender, ethnicity, interdisciplinary/soc/anthro, Kumase social organization of space, postcolonial societies, cultural zongo identity Scott Jennifer 67 Hansen Place 15A Penningroth Dylan Ross Doran Brooklyn NY 11217 Department of History Fowler Museum of Cultural 718-596-9499 University of Virginia History [email protected] Randall Hall University of California Anthropology Charlottesville VA 22903 P. O. Box 951549 860-704-0260 Los Angeles CA 90095-1549 Settergren Amy [email protected] 310-825-4259, f: 310-206-7007 Northwestern University History, slavery, kinship, [email protected] 1906 Arggle property law -- North America African Art History, West Africa Chicago, IL 60640 and West Africa, especially 19th leadership and military arts 773-784-7405 century [email protected] Salm Steven J History, Asante, gender, marriage Pool Jeremy University of Texas, Austin 542 D Goldsboro Road NE 2624 S. Berry Drive Shumway Manelski Atlanta GA 30307 Appleton WI 54915 Emory University [email protected] 011.528.390.6966 (Mexico) 2303 Briarcliff Gable Circle 920.739.8649 Atlanta GA 30329 Posnansky Merrick [email protected] 404-325-1852 5107 Robio Avenue History: 20th century West [email protected] Encino CA 91436-1124 African urban, youth and popular History: 17th-18th century Fante 818-986-1381, f: 818-986-2014 culture and neighbors [email protected] Archeology; cultural Sanders Jim Silverman Raymond A conservation, West African Department of State Art Department historical archeology INR/RES, Rm 6841 Kresge Art Center 2201 “C” Street NW Michigan State University Ray Carina Washington DC 20520 East Lansing MI 48823 210 Stewart Ave # 3 202-736-4661, 202-256-0117, 517-353-9114, 517-336-9230,, f: Ithaca NY 14850 f: 202-736-4851 517-432-3938 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

© GSC Newsletter [14] 39 Art History, Dyula/Akan Library Science, visual arts, Department of Anthropology interface, Islam in Asante, Tano bibliography SUNY, Binghamton shrine P. O. Box 6000 Stoeltje Beverly Binghamton NY 13902-6000 Smith III Harlan M Indiana University [email protected] .edu Division of Finance and Folklore Institute Archeology: Akan state Economics Bloomington IN 47405 development, traditional Marshall University 812-855-8014 economies Huntington, WV 25755 [email protected] 303-696-3233 (office) Anthropology/folklore: Asante Wilson Louis 304-697-0689 (home) queenmothers, customary law Department of Afro-American f: 304-696-3662 Studies [email protected] Stoner John Smith College Economic, Structural adjustment, 4931 Highland Ave Northhampton MA 01063 rural/informal credit markets, Bethel Park PA 15102 413-585-3573 informal sector 412-854-3728 History [email protected] Sobiesuo Andrew M History: American/African labor Yarak Larry Department of Spanish and Department of History Italian Takyi Baffour K Texas A & M University College of Charleston University of Akron College Station TX 77843 Charleston, SC 29414 Sociology Department 979-845-1736, 979-696-1268, f: 803-953-5713 Olin Hall 979-862-4314 f: 803-953-6342 Akron OH 44325-1905 [email protected] [email protected] 330-972-6887, 330-966-8307, f: History: 19th and 20th Century 330-9725377 social history Soppelsa Robert [email protected] Department of Art and Theatre Sociology and social Young Paulette Arts demography, international Columbia University Washburn University of Topeka migration, health and illness 485 Central Park West # 1-B Topeka KS 66621 behavior New York, NY 10025 913-231-1010 ext 1639 212-854-4633; f: 913-231-1089 Tashjian Victoria B f: 212-854-4639 Art History: terracottas of the Department of History Anthropology/Art History: Cloth, Akan in Cote d’Ivoire; Akan St. Norbert College women’s issues, contemporary figural arts 100 Grant Street art De Pere WI 54115 Stahl Ann B 920-403-3540, 920-338-0498 Department of Anthropology f: 920-403-4086 ZIMBABWE State University of New York at [email protected] Binghamton History: social and economic Ninsin Kwame Vestal Parkway East change in rural Asante; Asante AAPS Binghamton NY 13902-6000 legal institutions P. O. Box MP1100 607-777-2209 Mount Pleasant f: 607-777-2377 Tetteh Kofi A Harare [email protected]. Department of Economics 263-4-739023, 263-4-339750 edu University of San Francisco f: 263-4-730403 Anthropology: ethno-archeology, 2130 Fulton Street [email protected] ceramic late Stone Age San Francisco CA 94117 Political Science: 415-422-6784, 510-525-8802, f: democratization, elections, Stanley Janet 415-422-5784 globalization. 1791 Lanier Pl, NW, Apt 23 [email protected] Washington DC 20009-2138 Economics: Economic 202-357-4600 development f: 202-357-4879 [email protected] Vivian Brain C

© GSC Newsletter [14] 40 GHANA STUDIES COUNCIL Annual QUESTIONNAIRE

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If you wish to pay in US$, please make check payable to the "Ghana Studies Council" and send check and your questionnaire to: Dr. David Owusu-Ansah, Department of History, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807, USA. All dues-exempt members should use this address. If you wish to pay in £ sterling (or the equivalent in a negotiable currency) please make checks payable to the "Ghana Studies Council" and send with your questionnaire to: Dr. Paul Nugent, University of Edinburgh, Department of History, William Robertson Bldg, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JY.

© GSC Newsletter [14] 41 Ghana Studies Council Database

At the annual meeting at the ASA at Nashville, it was suggested that Ghana Studies Council developed a database of members for our website. The advantage is that research information from GSC members will become easily accessible and of course we will not be obliged to include the large “Directory” in each of our Newsletters. While most of the GSC members at the ASA found the idea of a database to be useful, we still cannot include your information online without your formal written permission. Please complete this permission form and return it to me. Thank you!

My address: Department of History, James Madison University, MSC 2001, Harrisonburg, VA 22807.

___ I do allow Ghana Studies Council to include my research information in the proposed association database.

__ I do not want my research information to be included in the proposed Ghana Studies Council database.

______Print Name Signature Date

© GSC Newsletter [14] 42