Secam Decoder
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Console Comparison
CONSOLE COMPARISON CURRENT INTEGRITY Cybex 50L Console C Console X Console Discover ST Cybex 70T Discover SE3 Discover SE3HD SCREEN 21" 1080p Touch Screen (Tread) 19" 720p Touch Screen (Tread) 21" 1080p Touch Screen (Tread) Display LED LED LED 7" Touch LCD 16" 1080p Touch Screen (Tread, Bikes and Arcs) 16" 1080p Touch Screen (Non-Tread) 16" 720p Touch Screen (Non-Tread) 16" 1080p Touch Screen (Non-Tread) Navigation Membrane buttons Membrane Buttons Membrane Buttons Touch, Tactile Buttons Touch Screen Touch Screen Touch Screen Touch Screen Languages 9 Universal Universal 19 24 24 24 24 Speed, Distance, Distance Climbed, Average Pace, Average Speed, Speed, Incline, Heart Rate (current, average, max), Pace, Elapsed Speed, Incline, Heart Rate (current, average, max), Pace, Elapsed Speed, Incline, Heart Rate (current, average, max), Pace, Elapsed Speed, Incline, Heart Rate (current, average, max), Pace, Elapsed Speed, Incline, Heart Rate, Elapsed Time, Pace, Distance, Distance Display Readouts - Treadmills Speed, Time, Distance, HR, Calories, Incline, Pace Speed, Time, Distance, HR, Calories, Incline Total Cal Burned, Average METs, Average Watts, Average HR, Max Time, Time Remaining, Time in Zone, Time of Day, Distance, Distance Time, Time Remaining, Time in Zone, Time of Day, Distance, Distance Time, Time Remaining, Time in Zone, Time of Day, Distance, Distance Time, Time Remaining, Time in Zone, Time of Day, Distance, Distance Climbed, Calories, Calories/HR HR Climbed, Distance Remaining, Calories, Calories/HR Climbed, Distance Remaining, -
BA(Prog)III Yr 11/04/2020
BA(prog)III yr 11/04/2020 Analog Video • In an analog system, the output of the charge-coupled device (CCD) is processed by the camera into three channels of color information and synchronization pulses (sync) and the signals are recorded onto magnetic tape. • There are several video standards for managing analog CCD output, each dealing with the amount of separation between the components—the more separation of the color information, the higher the quality of the image (and the more expensive the equipment). • If each channel of color information is transmitted as aseparate signal on its own conductor, the signal output is called component (separate red, green, and blue channels), which is the preferred method for higher-quality and professional video work. • Lower in quality is the signal that makes up Separate Video (S-Video), using two channels that carry luminance and chrominance information. The least separation (and thus the lowest quality for a video signal) is composite, when all the signalsare mixed together and carried on a single cable as a composite of the three color channels and the sync signal. • The composite signal yields less-precise color definition, which cannot be manipulated or color-corrected as much as S-Video or component signals. • The analog video and audio signals are written to tape by a spinning recording head that changes the local magnetic properties of the tape’s surface in a series of long diagonal stripes. • Because the head is canted or tilted at a slight angle compared with the path of the tape, it follows a helical (spiral) path, which is called helical scan recording. -
NTE15039 Integrated Circuit VHS/VCR Chroma Signal Proessor for NTSC/PAL/SECAM Systems
NTE15039 Integrated Circuit VHS/VCR Chroma Signal Proessor for NTSC/PAL/SECAM Systems Description: The NTE15039 is a multifunctional IC in a 24–Lead DIP type package that contains VHS VCT chroma signal processing circuitry. Since the package is small and a minimum number of external compo- nents are required, the NTE15039 occupies much less space on the PC board thus facilitating VCR design. The chroma section is made adjustment–free (except REC chroma level) thus streamlining the manufacture of VCRs Features: D Designed for NTSC/PAL/MESECAM Systems D Adjustment–Free Chroma Section (Except REC Chroma Level) D Few External Components Required D LPF Usable for REC/PB D Multifunctional: 2fSC Generator for CCD Drive Function to Select APC Loop Input Signal Passed/Not Passed Through Comb Filter 3rd Lock Protector of VXO Absolute Maximum Ratings: (TA = +25°C unless otherwise specified) Maximum Supply Voltage, VCCmax. 7V Allowable Power Dissipation (TA ≤ +65°C), PDmax. 850mW Operating Temperature Range, Topg . –10° to +65°C Storage Temperature Range, Tstg . –40° to +125°C Recommended Operating Conditions: (TA = +25°C unless otherwise specified) Recommended Supply Voltage, VCC . 5V Operating Voltage Range, VCCop. 4.8 to 5.5V Electrical Characteristics: (TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit REC Current Dissipation ICC(R) 49 62 75 mA REC Output Level VO(R) 75 110 145 mVP–P REC ACC Characteristics ∆VO(R) Input ± 6dB –0.5 ±0.1 +0.5 dB Electrical Characteristics (Cont’d): (TA = +25°C, VCC -
ATSC: Digital Television Update
ATSC: Digital Television Update Robert Graves Advanced Television Systems Committee ITU Interregional Seminar on the Transition from SECAM to Digital TV Broadcasting Kiev, Ukraine November 13, 2000 Advanced Television Systems Committee q Technical Standards for Digital Television (DTV) q DTV Implementation Activities q Membership Organization -- International – Open to all organizations with a related interest – Broad, cross-industry participation • Broadcasters, cable, satellite, computer, movie & telecom service providers • Consumer electronics, computer & professional equipment companies q Over 200 Members – Growing A2 Options for DTV Business Models q HDTV (one or two programs) q HDTV + SDTV (e.g., weather, news, alternative program) q Multiple programs of SDTV q Data services – Program-related or not – Interactive or one-way q Combinations of HDTV, SDTV, data services q Programs or data to mobile receivers? – Severe trade-off against deliverable bit rate q Broadcast to TVs, PCs, or convergence products q Free-to-air vs. pay services q Impact of potential government requirements – Minimum HDTV requirements? G2 DTV CHANNEL ASSIGNMENTS IN THE U.S. (VHF and UHF) Spectrum Efficiency CURRENT NTSC CHANNEL DISTRIBUTION 2-4 5-6 7 - 13 14 - 36 38 - 69 18 12 42 138 192 = DTV CHANNEL ALLOCATION - END OF TRANSITION CORE DTV SPECTRUM 2-4 5-6 7 - 13 14 - 36 38 - 51 52 – 69 (recovered) 18 12 42 138 84 = 294 MHz 108 MHz RECOVERED Progress in DTV Deployment qCurrent requirement: – 120 Stations – 30 Metropolitan Areas 10010101001101001110110 qActual -
Amateur Extra License Class
Amateur Extra License Class 1 Amateur Extra Class Chapter 8 Radio Modes and Equipment 2 1 Modulation Systems FCC Emission Designations and Terms • Specified by ITU. • Either 3 or 7 characters long. • If 3 characters: • 1st Character = The type of modulation of the main carrier. • 2nd Character = The nature of the signal(s) modulating the main carrier. • 3rd Character = The type of information to be transmitted. • If 7 characters, add a 4-character bandwidth designator in front of the 3-character designator. 3 Modulation Systems FCC Emission Designations and Terms • Type of Modulation. N Unmodulated Carrier A Amplitude Modulation R Single Sideband Reduced Carrier J Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier C Vestigial Sideband F Frequency Modulation G Phase Modulation P, K, L, M, Q, V, W, X Various Types of Pulse Modulation 4 2 Modulation Systems FCC Emission Designations and Terms • Type of Modulating Signal. 0 No modulating signal 1 A single channel containing quantized or digital information without the use of a modulating sub-carrier 2 A single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a modulating sub-carrier 3 A single channel containing analog information 7 Two or more channels containing quantized or digital information 8 Two or more channels containing analog information X Cases not otherwise covered 5 Modulation Systems FCC Emission Designations and Terms • Type of Transmitted Information. N No information transmitted A Telegraphy - for aural reception B Telegraphy - for automatic reception C Facsimile D Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand E Telephony (including sound broadcasting) F Television (video) W Combination of the above X Cases not otherwise covered 6 3 Modulation Systems FCC Emission Designations and Terms • 3-character designator examples: • A1A = CW. -
Improved Television Systems: NTSC and Beyond
• Improved Television Systems: NTSC and Beyond By William F. Schreiber After a discussion ofthe limits to received image quality in NTSC and a excellent results. Demonstrations review of various proposals for improvement, it is concluded that the have been made showing good motion current system is capable ofsignificant increase in spatial and temporal rendition with very few frames per resolution. and that most of these improvements can be made in a second,2 elimination of interline flick er by up-conversion, 3 and improved compatible manner. Newly designed systems,for the sake ofmaximum separation of luminance and chromi utilization of channel capacity. should use many of the techniques nance by means of comb tilters. ~ proposedfor improving NTSC. such as high-rate cameras and displays, No doubt the most important ele but should use the component. rather than composite, technique for ment in creating interest in this sub color multiplexing. A preference is expressed for noncompatible new ject was the demonstration of the Jap systems, both for increased design flexibility and on the basis oflikely anese high-definition television consumer behaL'ior. Some sample systems are described that achieve system in 1981, a development that very high quality in the present 6-MHz channels, full "HDTV" at the took more than ten years.5 Orches CCIR rate of 216 Mbits/sec, or "better-than-35mm" at about 500 trated by NHK, with contributions Mbits/sec. Possibilities for even higher efficiency using motion compen from many Japanese companies, im sation are described. ages have been produced that are comparable to 35mm theater quality. -
Basics of Video
Basics of Video Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 [email protected] Video Basics 1 Outline • Color perception and specification (review on your own) • Video capture and disppy(lay (review on your own ) • Analog raster video • Analog TV systems • Digital video Yao Wang, 2013 Video Basics 2 Analog Video • Video raster • Progressive vs. interlaced raster • Analog TV systems Yao Wang, 2013 Video Basics 3 Raster Scan • Real-world scene is a continuous 3-DsignalD signal (temporal, horizontal, vertical) • Analog video is stored in the raster format – Sampling in time: consecutive sets of frames • To render motion properly, >=30 frame/s is needed – Sampling in vertical direction: a frame is represented by a set of scan lines • Number of lines depends on maximum vertical frequency and viewingg, distance, 525 lines in the NTSC s ystem – Video-raster = 1-D signal consisting of scan lines from successive frames Yao Wang, 2013 Video Basics 4 Progressive and Interlaced Scans Progressive Frame Interlaced Frame Horizontal retrace Field 1 Field 2 Vertical retrace Interlaced scan is developed to provide a trade-off between temporal and vertical resolution, for a given, fixed data rate (number of line/sec). Yao Wang, 2013 Video Basics 5 Waveform and Spectrum of an Interlaced Raster Horizontal retrace Vertical retrace Vertical retrace for first field from first to second field from second to third field Blanking level Black level Ӈ Ӈ Th White level Tl T T ⌬t 2 ⌬ t (a) Խ⌿( f )Խ f 0 fl 2fl 3fl fmax (b) Yao Wang, 2013 Video Basics 6 Color -
AVA 22D Data Sheet
DATA SHEET AVA 22d AUDIO / VIDEO ALIGNMENT DELAY SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY STORE LINK BYPASS MEMORY MODE CHANNEL 1 BYPASS MEMORY MODE CHANNEL 2 1-10 dBV 2 -10 dBV AB AB -8 -8 -4 -12 -4 -12 NTSC NTSC AVA 22d 0 -16 0 -16 FIELDS FIELDS AUDIO / VIDEO ALIGNMENT +4 -20 +4 -20 6.5 6.5 DELAY dBu dBu CH 2 RECALL PAL RECALL PAL COPIES EDIT SECAM EDIT SECAM SIGNAL CLIP SIGNAL CLIP CH 1 FRAMES FRAMES General Description The Rane AVA 22d is a fully balanced two Input, two Out- without risk of changing them. Internal jumpers are available to put Audio / Video Alignment Delay providing a range of 0.0 to enable or disable Bypass while in Front Panel Lockout mode. The 9.5 NTSC or PAL/SECAM frames on each Output. 24-bit audio default setting of these jumpers disables Bypass in Front Panel converters provide excellent sound quality. Lockout mode. Each Output has two nonvolatile Memories (no batteries Independent bypass relays provide a fail safe, hard-wired required), A and B, for easy access to previously stored Delay bypass in case of power loss. values. Remote Recall screw terminals on the rear accept external The AVA 22d is a unity gain device with Sensitivity controls configuration switches, permitting independent remote recall of to provide proper internal levels for the audio converters. If the the Memories. input signal is nominally +4 dBu, set the Sensitivity control fully The AVA 22d features XLR Inputs and Outputs, and is counter clockwise (+4 dBu). For those unable to touch a cable CE certified for emissions. -
Adv7177/Adv7178
Integrated Digital CCIR-601 to PAL/NTSC Video Encoder ADV7177/ADV7178 FEATURES ITU-R BT601/656 YCrCb to PAL/NTSC video encoder Color-signal control/burst-signal control High quality, 9-bit video DACs Interlaced/noninterlaced operation Integral nonlinearity <1 LSB at 9 bits Complete on-chip video timing generator NTSC-M, PAL-M/N, PAL-B/D/G/H/I OSD support (ADV7177 only) Single 27 MHz crystal/clock required (±2 oversampling) Programmable multimode master/slave operation 75 dB video SNR Macrovision AntiTaping Rev. 7.01 (ADV7178 only)1 32-bit direct digital synthesizer for color subcarrier Closed captioning support Multistandard video output support: On-board voltage reference Composite (CVBS) 2-wire serial MPU interface (I2C®-compatible) Component S-video (Y/C) Single-supply 5 V or 3 V operation Component YUV or RGB Small 44-lead MQFP package Video input data port supports: CCIR-656 4:2:2 8-bit parallel input format Synchronous 27 MHz/13.5 MHz clock output 4:2:2 16-bit parallel input format Full video output drive or low signal drive capability APPLICATIONS 34.7 mA max into 37.5 Ω (doubly terminated 75 R) MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video, DVD, digital satellite, 5 mA min with external buffers cable systems (set-top boxes/IRDs), digital TVs, Programmable simultaneous composite and S-VHS CD video/karaoke, video games, PC video/multimedia (VHS) Y/C or RGB (SCART)/YUV video outputs Programmable luma filters (low-pass/notch/extended) 1 The Macrovision anticopy process is licensed for noncommercial home use Programmable VBI (vertical blanking interval) only, which is its sole intended use in the device. -
AD8188/AD8189 350 Mhz Single-Supply (5 V)
350 MHz Single-Supply (5 V) Triple 2:1 Multiplexers AD8188/AD8189 FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Fully buffered inputs and outputs IN0A 1 24 VCC Fast channel-to-channel switching: 4 ns DGND 2 LOGIC 23 OE Single-supply operation (5 V) IN1A 3 22 SEL A/B V 4 SELECT 21 V High speed REF ENABLE CC 350 MHz bandwidth (−3 dB) @ 200 mV p-p IN2A 5 0 20 OUT0 300 MHz bandwidth (−3 dB) @ 2 V p-p VCC 6 19 VEE Slew rate: 1000 V/μs VEE 7 1 18 OUT1 Fast settling time: 7 ns to 0.1% IN2B 8 17 VCC V 9 2 16 OUT2 Low current: 19 mA/20 mA EE IN1B 10 15 VEE Excellent video specifications: load resistor (RL) = 150 Ω VEE 11 14 DVCC Differential gain error: 0.05% IN0B 12 AD8188/AD8189 13 VCC Differential phase error: 0.05° 06239-001 Low glitch Figure 1. All hostile crosstalk −84 dB @ 5 MHz −52 dB @ 100 MHz High off isolation: −95 dB @ 5 MHz Low cost Fast, high impedance disable feature for connecting multiple outputs Logic-shifted outputs APPLICATIONS Switching RGB in LCD and plasma displays RGB video switchers and routers GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8188 (G = 1) and AD8189 (G = 2) are high speed, 4.0 6.0 single-supply, triple 2-to-1 multiplexers. They offer −3 dB small 3.5 5.5 signal bandwidth of 350 MHz and −3 dB large signal bandwidth 3.0 5.0 of 300 MHz, along with a slew rate in excess of 1000 V/μs. -
Rec. 709 Color Space
Standards, HDR, and Colorspace Alan C. Brawn Principal, Brawn Consulting Introduction • Lets begin with a true/false question: Are high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) the next big things in displays? • If you answered “true”, then you get a gold star! • The concept of HDR has been around for years, but this technology (combined with advances in content) is now available at the reseller of your choice. • Halfway through 2017, all major display manufacturers started bringing out both midrange and high-end displays that have high dynamic range capabilities. • Just as importantly, HDR content is becoming more common, with UHD Blu-Ray and streaming services like Netflix. • Are these technologies worth the market hype? • Lets spend the next hour or so and find out. Broadcast Standards Evolution of Broadcast - NTSC • The first NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) broadcast standard was developed in 1941, and had no provision for color. • In 1953, a second NTSC standard was adopted, which allowed for color television broadcasting. This was designed to be compatible with existing black-and-white receivers. • NTSC was the first widely adopted broadcast color system and remained dominant until the early 2000s, when it started to be replaced with different digital standards such as ATSC. Evolution of Broadcast - ATSC 1.0 • Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standards are a set of broadcast standards for digital television transmission over the air (OTA), replacing the analog NTSC standard. • The ATSC standards were developed in the early 1990s by the Grand Alliance, a consortium of electronics and telecommunications companies assembled to develop a specification for what is now known as HDTV. -
Options of Enhanced Secam Tv Transmission System
Gofaizen O.V. (UKRAINE, UNIIRT) OPTIONS OF ENHANCED SECAM TV TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Introduction The questions of transition from analogue to digital TV in countries, using analogue TV SECAM transmission system are discussed in this report with consideration of its enhancement in accor- dance with conception of EQTV systems. The transition period is characterized with that in its beginning infrastructure and park of TV sets are analogue. At the beginning of transition period TV broadcasting is mainly analogue, and a number of digital TV sets is minimal, and apparently for a long time analogue and digital TV will co-exist. Simultaneously with implementation of digital TV analogue TV has to be supported and enhanced [1]. The issues of compatibility of new digital and old analogue TV are extremely important, and here the main consideration is attended to them. 1 The position of analogue enhanced quality television in the period of transition to digi- tal television We have to take into consideration that the main event of the present in television is the transition to digital TV. Nevertheless, this transition may continue in some countries for long time enough. All this depends on many factors – relationship between the cost of digital sets (tuners, set top boxes) and of analog ones, real term for change from analog to digital infrastructure and the affordablence of this change, purchasing power of viewers community, presence and condition of used equipment. It is quite possible, that in some coun- tries this transition would come in a quite short time, in others this transition would continue for decades.