Land Adjacent to Baylis Court School, Granville Avenue, Slough, Berkshire

Land adjacent to Baylis Court School, Granville Avenue, Slough, Berkshire

An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

For Catalyst Housing Group Ltd

by Heather Hopkins

Thames Valley Archaeological

Services Ltd

Site Code GAS08/113

October 2008 Summary

Site name: Land adjacent to Baylis Court School, Granville Avenue, Slough, Berkshire

Grid reference: SU 9660 8170

Site activity: Desk-based assessment

Project manager: Steve Ford

Site supervisor: Heather Hopkins

Site code: GAS08/113

Area of site: c. 0.3ha

Summary of results: The site is located in an area of relatively low archaeological potential and it is therefore unlikely that anything of archaeological significance would be present. However, as the site is relatively undisturbed any archaeological deposits, if present, would be preserved. Therefore it is recommended that a watching brief is the best course action, to be undertaken during any ground disturbing works.

This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder

Report edited/checked by: Jennifer Lowe9 29.10.08 Steve Preston9 29.10.08

Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk

Land adjacent to Baylis Court School, Granville Avenue, Slough An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

by Heather Hopkins

Report 08/113 Introduction

This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of a plot of land adjacent to Baylis Court

School, Granville Avenue, Slough, Berkshire located at SU 9660 8170 (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr John Stevens of Thomas Vale Construction, Foundation House, Paddock Road, Caversham, Reading,

Berkshire, RG4 5BY on behalf of Catalyst Housing Group Ltd and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area.

Planning consent (appln no. P/14395/000) has been granted by Slough Borough Council for the construction of twelve terrace houses on the site and one detached house, with parking. The consent is subject to a condition (13) relating to archaeology, requiring a phased programme of archaeological work, beginning with a desk-based assessment, in order to mitigate the effects of the development on any archaeological remains that may be present. If this initial investigation suggests further mitigation is warranted, ‘preservation by record’ may be achieved by an additional phase of works.

Site description, location and geology

The site is located in the Manor Park area of northern Slough, north of Baylis Court School and to the rear of 1–

18 Granville Avenue. The site currently consists of level land, covered with concrete slabs. The development area is centred on SU 9660 8170. The site is located on Langley Silt (silt and clay, commonly referred to as

‘brickearth’) overlying Lambeth group Upnor and Reading Formations of the Palaeocene (silty clay, with beds of sand; gravel at base) (BGS 2005). It is at a height of approximately 30m above Ordnance Datum. The site area is approximately 0.3ha.

Planning background and development proposals

Planning permission has been granted for the development of the site for residential use. Eleven two storey terraced houses will be constructed, eight of three bedrooms, two of four bedrooms and one (detached) of five

bedrooms. Twenty-two car-parking spaces will be provided. The remaining land will be landscaped. Access will continue to be by the entrance from Granville Road to the north-east of the site.

Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16 1990) provides guidance relating to archaeology within the planning process. It points out that where a desk-based assessment has shown that there is a strong possibility of significant archaeological deposits in a development area it is reasonable to provide more detailed information from a field evaluation so that an appropriate strategy to mitigate the effects of development on archaeology can be devised:

Paragraph 21 states:

‘Where early discussions with local planning authorities or the developer’s own research indicate

that important archaeological remains may exist, it is reasonable for the planning authority to

request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried

out...’

Should the presence of archaeological deposits be confirmed further guidance is provided. Archaeology and

Planning stresses preservation in situ of archaeological deposits as a first consideration as in paragraphs 8 and

18.

Paragraph 8 states:

‘...Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their

settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their

physical preservation...’

Paragraph 18 states:

‘The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in

determining planning applications whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled...’

However, for archaeological deposits that are not of such significance it is appropriate for them to be ‘preserved by record’ (i.e., fully excavated and recorded by a competent archaeological contractor) prior to their destruction or damage.

Paragraph 25 states:

‘Where planning authorities decide that the physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains

is not justified in the circumstances of the development and that development resulting in the

destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, it would be entirely reasonable for the

planning authority to satisfy itself ... that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory

provision for the excavation and recording of remains.’

The planning policies regarding archaeology in Slough Borough Local Plan were not saved when the replacement plan was adopted in November 2007. According to Slough Borough Council, replacement policies are in the process of being drafted. In the meantime they continue to use the ‘unsaved’ local plan and national guidance. The unsaved local plan policies state:

Policy EN16: Setting of a Listed Building Any development which would adversely affect the setting of a listed building will not be permitted.

Policy EN18: Historic Parks and Gardens Planning permission will not be granted for development which would have an adverse effect on the historic character, appearance or setting of any part of a historic park or garden…

‘POLICY EN19 - Protection of Archaeological Sites ‘There is a presumption in favour of the preservation of the integrity of all scheduled ancient monuments and other archaeological remains of importance and their setting. Development will not be permitted if it fails to preserve the archaeological value and interest of the archaeological remains or their setting.’

‘POLICY EN20 - Archaeological Remains ‘In areas with archaeological potential, a prospective developer will be required to carry out an archaeological field evaluation before any decision is taken on a planning application.

‘Where archaeological remains will be affected by a development, conditions will be imposed to preserve the remains in situ. Where preservation is not required, appropriate arrangements will be required by condition for the excavation and recording of archaeological sites prior to the commencement of development.’

The site is not within a Conservation Area, or a Registered Park or Garden, does not contain or abut any Listed

Building, and is not in a position to affect the settings of any of these.

Methodology

The assessment of the site was carried out by the examination of pre-existing information from a number of sources recommended by the Institute of Field Archaeologists paper ‘Standards in British Archaeology’ covering desk-based studies. These sources include historic and modern maps, both the Berkshire Historic Buildings, Sites

and Monuments Record and Buckinghamshire Historic Environment Record, geological maps and any relevant publications or reports.

Archaeological background

General background

The site lies within eastern Berkshire (previously south Buckinghamshire), an area not previously noted for its wealth or density of archaeological deposits (Ford 1987) though it is only a little way west of the Colne Valley which is, by contrast, regarded as archaeologically rich. An important exception to this perceived lack of archaeology, however, must be made for the Palaeolithic period, for which the area is quite prolific (Wymer

1968, 239–42; Wymer 1999, map 7). Despite the extensive ground disturbance which took place during the construction of modern Slough, this did not lead to the discovery of many archaeological sites or finds, unlike other towns in the area. As for many locations though, an absence of evidence is not evidence of absence and recently large scale excavations on the south-west margins of Slough have revealed a wealth of prehistoric,

Roman and Medieval deposits (Ford et al. 2003) while work on the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton flood relief channel, and the Eton College rowing lake has added substantially to the number of known sites (Foreman et al.

2002). More recent fieldwork on the north-eastern margins of Slough (Wexham) and over the administrative boundary in south Buckinghamshire, has revealed further prehistoric, Roman and Saxon activity (Ford in prep. a and b).

Prior to the development of the railway Slough was a small village. The railways fuelled the development of the town as it became a railway junction and Slough grew to house the railway workers (VCH 1925).

Berkshire Sites and Monuments Record

A search was made on the Berkshire Historic Buildings Sites and Monuments Record (HBSMR) on 14th

October 2008 and on the Buckinghamshire Historic Environment Record (HER) on 23rd October 2008 for a radius of 1km around the proposal site. This revealed 31 entries within the search radius (including some duplicates). These are summarized as Appendix 1 and their locations are plotted on Figure 1.

Prehistoric A number of prehistoric finds have been made, mainly during gravel extraction or residential development within Slough. A Palaeolithic Mid-Acheulian pointed hand axe was discovered at a distance to the north-west of the site [Fig. 1: 1]. A surprisingly large number of Palaeolithic implements [2, 5] and 77 less diagnostic flint

flakes [5] have been discovered on the Long Readings Lane Estate, also to the north-west. Three Palaeolithic and one Neolithic hand axe have been found in the general area of Slough, their precise location being uncertain [3].

The gravel pit at Baker’s Farm in Lynch Hill is regarded as one of the key sites for the period in the region

(Wymer 1999, 61), as it has revealed 28 tools recorded within Berkshire [4] and hundreds of tools recorded in

Buckinghamshire [6]. Roe (1968) lists some 387 Lower Palaeolithic hand axes, besides some later material. The

Lynch Hill terrace gravels, indeed, are commonly very rich in Palaeolithic artefacts wherever they have been investigated.

For later prehistory, The Barrow in Stoke Park, to the north of the site, is believed to be of Late Neolithic or early Bronze Age date and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument [7]. A Bronze Age cremation was discovered in an urn in the barrow at the start of the 20th century.

Roman A single coin of Victorinus, dating to the 3rd century (AD269–71), discovered at Milton Road to the north of the site [8], is the only record of Roman activity in the area.

Saxon No entries relate to this period.

Medieval Stoke Poges Park was imparked in 1331. It was presumably used as a deer park from that date until it was landscaped by Lancelot (Capability) Brown [9].

Post Medieval Stoke Poges Park was landscaped by Capability Brown during the 18th century [9]. The building that has been occupied by Stoke Park Golf Club since 1908 is the original mansion of Stoke Park, built c.1789-1797 [9]. It is

Grade I listed. The Park itself is a Grade II listed registered Park. Baylis House, to the south of the site is Grade I listed [10]. It is of c. 1695 origin and has various associated walls, outbuildings and garden features of 18th century origin that are Grade II listed. Mill Croft Field is named after one or two windmills, which feature on historic maps but which have now been moved to other counties [11]. The Barn at Farnham Court, at some distance from the site, dates to the 18th century and is Grade II listed [12]. A former extraction pit located on

Stoke Poges Golf Course is shown on a 1930s Ordnance Survey map [13].

Modern, undated, negative Although there was the possibility of Palaeolithic remains being encountered at 33 Crofthill Road [14], following two watching briefs, no archaeology was encountered and it was discovered that the gravels had been truncated on at least part of the site, although it was not possible to monitor the whole site. A light anti-aircraft

battery at the magnesium casting works is recorded on a document of 1940 [15]. Buckinghamshire HER holds general information on Farnham Royal Parish and Stoke Poges Parish [16,17].

Scheduled Ancient Monuments

The Bronze Age Barrow in Stoke Park is Scheduled Ancient Monument 19049. It is either a bowl barrow or round barrow, with associated ring ditch (now not visible). A late Bronze Age Cinerary urn was found associated with the Barrow. It is 400m to the south of Stoke Park house and is located in Stoke Park, itself a Registered

Park or Garden. It is located at some distance from the site with part of the Manor Park estate between the site and the Barrow.

Cartographic and documentary sources

Historically, Slough was in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Stoke, and until its growth during the 19th century, was in the Parish of Upton. Slough is not mentioned in Domesday Book (AD1086). Slough, meaning

‘slough or miry place’ is first mentioned in AD1195. It is from the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) sloh (Mills 1998;

Cameron 1996). Under Henry III (1216–72) Osbert de Slo and William de Slo appear on a list of men of Upton

(VCH 3, 1925:301). The next mention of Slough is in the construction of Eton College. It is stated that the three million bricks used were manufactured from the clayfields of Slough and fired in the kilns there that were specifically set up for this purpose in 1441 by Henry VI (Ballance 1983; VCH 3, 1925:268).

Prior to the 19th century Slough was not noted as a settlement in its own right, instead it was farmland situated in the Parish of Upton. Slough grew rapidly in the 19th century with the growth of industries in

Buckinghamshire and the growth of the railways. Slough had developed in importance since the construction of the railway line in 1838. There had been competition between Great Western and South Western railways for who would succeed in completing a railway line that would run through Windsor. Great Western won by first running a route (and junction) through Slough (Ballance 1983). Originally the construction of a station at Slough was prohibited by Windsor and Eton College, but that did not prohibit the trains actually stopping at Slough so eventually a station was built (VCH 1925, 301). The most important industry in Slough was the brickfields, which were the most important in Buckinghamshire. Slough was also noted for its coach and carriage building industries, the Slough based companies exporting abroad. The oldest plant nurseries in Buckinghamshire, the

“Royal Nurseries” founded in 1774, were at Slough. The growth of Slough may be seen in the Parish records: in

1831 Upton Parish had a population of 1502, by 1861 this had grown to 4688 and by 1901 this reached 11, 453.

Slough became a locally important centre. Following the joining of Parishes into Unions in 1836, the central workhouse was built at Slough in 1844 following the joining of eighteen neighbouring local Parishes. What remains of this building was incorporated into Upton Hospital (Ballance 1983).

Slough’s development was both rapid and recent. This means that its historic features date predominantly to the 19th or 20th centuries and are industrial in nature.

A range of Ordnance Survey and other historical maps of the area were consulted at Berkshire Record

Office in order to ascertain what activity had been taking place throughout the site’s later history and whether this may have affected any possible archaeological deposits within the proposal area (see Appendix 2).

The earliest map available of the area is Saxton’s map of Buckinghamshire of 1574 (Fig. 2). Slough is not present on this map, although the settlements that form parts of Slough in the modern era, such as Wexham and

Upton are shown and from these it is possible to discern the rough location of the site. The maps of

Buckinghamshire by Speed in 1610, Bleau in 1645 and Blome in 1672 do not shown any further detail (not illustrated). The first depiction of Slough is on Rocque’s map of Buckinghamshire of 1752 where Slough is shown as a small settlement called Slow (Fig. 3). It is shown to be a small collection of buildings at a cross-roads and is a smaller settlement in size than Upton to the south. The whole area from there north to Stoke Park is noted as being Stoke Park. The site is in open fields at this time. Jefferys’s map of 1770 does not name Slough, although the buildings that make up Slough and the road pattern are shown (Fig. 4). At this point Slough was still a farming settlement of limited importance. There is no detail for the area of the site.

The first depiction of Slough, called Slough, is on the preliminary Ordnance Survey map of 1816 (Fig. 5).

Slough is shown to have grown since 1770 but is still smaller in size than Upton to the south and Salt Hill shown to the west. The detail is such that the Herschel Telescope, sited at Slough, is shown to the south. Bryant’s map of Buckinghamshire of 1825 shows Slough, Slough Farm and a nursery gardens while Upton has ceased to be shown (not illustrated).

The First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1897 shows the expansion of Slough during the Victorian era (Fig.

6). The railway junction is shown. Slough has expanded to the north west of the railway line. Upton is shown to have been engulfed. Slough farm is no longer present. The precise location of the site cannot be defined but it is still within open country. The Ordnance Survey of 1920 shows that although there has been infilling between the major roads, Slough does not appear to have expanded greatly since the survey of 1897 (Fig. 7). The area of the

site is discernible as the major roads are the same then as they are today. Stoke Park and Baylis house are clearly marked. The site is undeveloped fields. The original plans for the Manor Park estate show that development took place during the 1930s and 1940s. Development of Granville Avenue had certainly started before 1934.

An Ordnance Survey map of 1938 shows that Granville Avenue had been entirely developed to its current layout (Fig. 8). The site was part of school grounds, the school building having been constructed at the southern end of the field in which it was situated. Nothing of note had changed between this and the Ordnance Survey of

1955, although the later available map shows the area to a greater degree of detail (Fig. 9). The Ordnance Survey of 1975 shows that the current school building in the north of the school field has been constructed. The site is now clearly visible (Fig. 10). The Ordnance Survey indicates no major changes between 1975 and the present day (Fig. 1).

Geotechnical test pits

A borehole and window samples were undertaken at the site in March 2008 (SSL 2008). The location and results of these are shown in Appendix 3. Such samples can only cover a small area of the site, but give an indication of the ground beneath the site. The borehole revealed that the area of the site tested was of made ground extending to a depth of 0.8m. Beyond this was a depth of 6m of gravel interpreted as belonging to the Lynch Hill terrace, beyond which was clay (Reading beds). This suggests there may be local isolated pockets of the Lynch Hill terrace in place of the Langley Silts. The borehole ended at a depth of 10.17m. The window samples were of a lesser depth. These revealed made ground to a depth of 0.2 – 0.3m, except for Window Sample 4 which showed made ground to a depth of 0.6m. In Window Samples 1-3 gravel was mixed into the made ground and the natural ground below this was clay (probably Langley silt) over gravel. Window Sample 1 terminated at 2m, Window

Sample 2 at 1.2m and Window Sample 3 at 1.5m. Window Sample 4 showed differing geology: The made ground was mixed with sand, possible made ground continued beneath it mixed with gravel, below this was sand and then gravel, terminating at 1.6m depth.

Listed buildings

Baylis House, dating to c. 1695, is a Grade I listed building to the south of the site. The forecourt walls, pavilions and service block are of 18th century origin and are also Grade I listed. An 18th century coach house, stable block (now called Godolphin Court), adjoining walls, gates and gatepiers all associated with Baylis House are

Grade II listed. The development of Slough engulfed Baylis House and part of the Manor Park estate now lies between this and the site.

Stoke Park Golf Club now occupies the original mansion building associated with Stoke Park. The park was landscaped by Lancelot (Capability) Brown so that the mansion building was surrounded by parks and gardens. The mansion was built in c. 1789-1797 and is Grade I listed. Stoke Park and the mansion are both at a distance to the north of the site. Part of the Manor Park estate is between the mansion building and the site.

The Barn at Farnham Court is Grade II listed. It is at a considerable distance from the site.

Each of the listed buildings is at a distance from the site. The residential development of Slough lies between each listed building and the site so there is no line of sight to each building. This means that development of the site is unlikely to have any impact on any of the listed buildings.

Registered Parks and Gardens; Registered Battlefields

Stoke Park is to the north of the site. It was imparked in 1331 and presumably used as a deer park between then and the landscaping of Stoke Park by Brown. The mansion house was built at this time and the park was landscaped to surround the house. The Park is a Grade II listed Registered Park or Garden.

Historic Hedgerows

There are no hedgerows, historic or otherwise, on the site.

Aerial Photographs

The site areas lies within an urban area which has been developed since before the advent of aerial photography.

No photographic collections have therefore been consulted.

Discussion

In considering the archaeological potential of the study area, various factors must be taken into account, including previously recorded archaeological sites, previous land-use and disturbance and future land-use including the proposed development.

The site is surrounded by the residential development of the Manor Park estate. Any listed buildings in the vicinity of the site are at a distance and out of line of sight, so development of the site would not impact upon the listed buildings. The Registered Park or Garden of Stoke Park is also at a distance and out of line of sight.

A significant number of Palaeolithic implements have been found in the vicinity of the site during the development of the Manor Park estate and through extraction work, although none were within the immediate vicinity of the site. All are from the Lynch Hill gravels. The site is mapped as on Langley Silts over Upnor and

Reading formations, and although the borehole log suggests that there may be isolated pockets of Lynch Hill gravels in the area, it is possible this is simply a mis-identification of the geology. On balance, it is unlikely that further Palaeolithic finds would be made on the site. The site does not appear to be on truncated land, although the window samples offer an indication of a shallow depth of made ground in places. The site does appear to be on levelled ground. The site itself appears to be relatively undisturbed, so it is possible that while it is unlikely that anything of archaeological significance would be discovered, it is likely that any archaeology that could be present will have been preserved.

In this case it is recommended that a watching brief be undertaken during the groundworks associated with the new structures. This would need to be carried out by a competent archaeological contractor and would need to conform to a scheme approved by the archaeological adviser to the Slough Borough Council. It would involve the monitoring of groundwork activities such as topsoil/overburden removal and trenches dug for foundations, services and soakaways.

References

Ballance, S, 1983, A town called Eton, Eton BGS, 2005, British Geological Survey, Sheet 255, 1:50,000 Solid and drift edition, Keyworth Cameron, K, 1996, English Place Names, Batsford, London Ford, S, 1987, East Berkshire Archaeological Survey, Berkshire County Council Dept Highways and Planning Occas Pap 1, Reading Ford, S and Pine, J, 2003, ‘Neolithic ring ditches and Roman landscape features at Horton (1989 to 1996)’, in S Preston (ed), Prehistoric, Roman and Saxon Sites in Eastern Berkshire: Excavations 1989–97, Thames Valley Archaeol Monogr 2, 13–86 Ford, S, in prep a, ‘Excavation of a Roman settlement at All Souls Farm, Wexham, Buckinghamshire’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services rep 04/109b, Reading Ford, S, in prep b, ‘Excavation of a Late Bronze Age enclosure, Roman ditch and middle Saxon occupation site at Wexham Road East, Wexham, Slough’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services rep 07/55b, Reading Foreman, S, Hiller, J and Petts, D, 2002, Gathering the people, settling the land; the archaeology of a Middle Thames Landscape, Oxford Archaeology Thames Valley Landscapes Monogr 14, Oxford Mills, A D, 1998, Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford PPG16, 1990, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 16, Archaeology and Planning, HMSO Roe, D A, 1968, Gazetteer of British Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Sites, CBA Res rep 8, London

SSL, 2008, ‘Interpretative report on Ground Investigation at Granville Avenue, Slough,’ Structural Soils Ltd rep 721152, Bedminster VCH, 1925, Victoria Country History, Buckinghamshire, London, iii Wymer, J, 1968, Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain, London Wymer, J J, 1999, The Lower Palaeolithic occupation of Britain, Salisbury

APPENDIX 1: Sites and Monuments Records within a 1km search radius of the development site

No SMR Ref Grid Ref (SU) Type Period Comment 1 00334- MSL807 SU 956 822 Find Palaeolithic Mid-Acheulian pointed hand axe. 2 00336 - MSL807 SU 957 825 Finds Palaeolithic 11 Palaeolithic Implements

3 00340- MSL808 SU 96 81 Find Palaeolithic 3 Hand axes, one Neolithic axe, general area of 00333- MSL807 Neolithic Slough. 4 00328 SU 958 822 Finds: Palaeolithic 28 Palaeolithic tools from Baker's Farm (gravel) Pit. 5 MRM16119 SU 956 825 Finds: Palaeolithic 9 Lower Palaeolithic implements, 77 flakes Long Readings Lane, Farnham Royal, Slough 6 01599 SU 9595 8197 Find spot Palaeolithic Hundreds of flint tools recovered from Baker's Farm 01599.01 gravel pit. Worked until c1939. Key site. 01599.02 01599.03 01599.04 7 00316- MSL383 SU 97024 82222 Barrow Late Neolithic/ Scheduled Monument - 19049. Bowl barrow in 01630 SU 97030 82220 Cremation Early Bronze Age Stoke Park Playing Field. Includes cremation in urn. 01630.01 8 00332- MSL806 SU 967 822 Find Roman Coin of Victorinus (AD269–71), 11 Milton Road 02119 SU 9674 8221 9 01601.00.001 SU 97000 82600 Park Medieval Stoke Poges Park. Deer Park? from 1331, 12324 SU 97000 82652 Listed Building Post Medieval landscaped by Capability Brown. Now golf course. 12324.01 SU 9709 8269 Registered Park/ Stoke Park Golf Club Building. Mansion of Stoke Garden Park, built c1789-1797. Golf Club from 1908. Grade I. Listed Building Stoke Park, 18th century origin, by Capability Brown. Registered Park or Garden (II) - GD1313. 10 DRM1870 SU 96947 80868 Listed Building Post medieval Baylis House including forecourt walls and DRM1900 SU 96941 80905 pavilions, c1695 origin, Grade I listed. Also: DRM1878 SU 96972 80892 Coach house and adjoining outbuilding Grade II . DRM1903 SU 96972 80918 Mid 18th century , Former Service Block. Grade I DRM1879 SU 97062 80877 listed. Mid 17th century. Godolphin Court (Former DRM1898 SU 96888 80898 stable block). Grade I. Various Adjoining walls, DRM1889 SU 97032 80918 gateways, gate-piers. Grade II listed. Early 17th to DRM1880 SU 96926 80797 18th centuries. DRM1890 SU 97010 80830 11 04305 SU 96100 82500 Monument Post medieval Mill Croft Field, 1 or 2 windmills. Farnham Royal. 1 windmill on 1831 map, “2 sisters” at Salt Hill. 12 12229 SU 96248 82632 Listed Building Post Medieval Barn at Farnham Court. Grade II Listed Building (II) - 44054. C18 or earlier. 13 08968 SU 96797 82523 Text Post Medieval Stoke Poges Golf Course, site of former extraction pit. Shown on 1930s OS map. 14 ESL12 SU 95821 82156 Watching Brief Negative Watching Brief, 33 Croft Hill Road. No ESL20 SU 95820 82174 archaeology. 19th/ 20th century truncation. ESL28 SU 95826 82151 15 06491- MSL154 SU 96149 80858 Documentary Modern Magnesium Casting Works, Slough. Light Anti Aircraft artillery site. Document of 21 May 1940. 16 02663 SU 962 845 Documentary Medieval Background information on Farnham Royal parish. Post Medieval Formerly included Salt Hill. Charter 13th century. 17 02770 SU 9796 8394 Documentary Undated Background information, Stoke Poges parish

APPENDIX 2: Historic and modern maps consulted

1574 Christopher Saxton’s map of Buckinghamshire (Fig. 2) 1610 John Speed’s map of Buckinghamshire 1645 Johannes Bleau’s map of Buckinghamshire 1672 John Blome’s map of Buckinghamshire 1752 John Rocque’s map of Buckinghamshire (Fig. 3) 1770 Jeffreys map of Buckingshire (Fig. 4) 1816 Preliminary Ordnance Survey (Fig. 5) 1825 Bryant’s map of Buckinghamshire 1897 First Edition Ordnance Survey (Fig. 6) 1920 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 7) 1938 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 8) 1955 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 9) 1975 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 10) 2005 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 1)

APPENDIX 3: Geotechnical data

20 Site

83000

12 9 17

5 2 13 11

1 4 7 14 8

82000 6

Site

81000 3

15 10

SU96000 97000 GAS 08/113 Granville Avenue, Slough, Berkshire, 2008 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 1. The location of the site within Slough and within Berkshire

Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Explorer 172 at 1:12500 Ordnance Survey Licence 100025880 Approximate location of Site

GAS 08/113