DOCSLIB.ORG

The Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations Part 1 Chapter 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations Part 1 Chapter 1 The Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations Part 1 Chapter 1: Naval and Naval Support Vessels 2013 The Naval Systems Division of the Norwegian Defence Logistics Organisation hereby settles the Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations for use within the Norwegian Armed Forces. Haakonsvern, 01.07.2013 Morten Jacobsen (by authority) Rear Admiral Head of Naval Systems Division The Royal Norwegian Navy The Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations 2013 Pt.1 Ch.1: Naval and Naval Support Vessels Page 2 The Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations Part 1 Chapter 1: Naval and Naval Support Vessels This booklet mainly includes the Royal Norwegian Navy’s supplementary requirements and regulations to the January 2013 edition of the DNV Rules for Ships and High Speed, Lightcraft and Naval Surface Craft Pt.5 Ch.14. The foundation of NRAR, as well as details about the relation between the rules within this booklet, the other parts of NRAR, and other rules and regulations, can be found in NRAR Pt.0. CONTENTS Section 1 General Regulations...................................................................................8 Section 2 Arrangements...........................................................................................13 Section 3 Design Loads ...........................................................................................21 Section 4 Structural Strength ...................................................................................32 Section 5 Stability, Watertight and Weathertight Integrity .....................................60 Section 6 Piping Systems.........................................................................................69 Section 7 Machinery, Propulsion and Positioning.................................................121 Section 8 Electric Power Generation and Transfer................................................137 Section 9 Control and Monitoring .........................................................................172 Section 10 Fire Safety..............................................................................................205 Section 11 Fire Safety Requirements for FRP Naval Vessels .................................220 Section 12 Safe Evacuation of Personnel ................................................................227 Section 13 Radiation Hazards..................................................................................234 Section 14 Electromagnetic Compatibility ..............................................................237 Section 15 Storage Rooms for Explosives...............................................................254 The Royal Norwegian Navy The Royal Norwegian Navy Standard Requirements and Regulations 2013 Pt.1 Ch.1: Contents Page 3 E Accidental Loads .........................................................30 Contents E 100 Local damage ................................................................30 E 200 Global damage...............................................................31 SECTION 1 GENERAL REGULATIONS............8 SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL STRENGTH......... 32 A Introduction................................................................... 8 A 100 Purpose............................................................................ 8 A General requirements .................................................32 A 200 The examination system for naval surface vessels......... 8 A 100 Structural strength .........................................................32 A 300 International codes and regulations ................................ 9 A 200 Plan and particulars .......................................................42 A 300 Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and B Examination Principles ................................................ 9 Inspection Principles ......................................................................42 B 100 Application...................................................................... 9 B 200 Class notations ................................................................ 9 B Structural Arrangement.............................................43 C Definitions.................................................................... 10 B 100 Main structure ...............................................................43 B 200 Bulkheads......................................................................45 C 100 Terms ............................................................................ 10 B 300 Mast for support of sensors and sensor’s systems ........46 D Classification of Newbuildings................................... 11 C Local Strength .............................................................46 D 100 Risk and vulnerability analysis..................................... 11 C 100 Minimum thickness.......................................................46 D 200 General requirements for documentation ..................... 11 C 200 Local structure...............................................................46 D 300 Classification basis ....................................................... 11 C 300 Damage of local structure .............................................46 D 400 Yard qualification ......................................................... 12 C 400 Acceptance criteria – damaged condition .....................46 D 500 Working relations ......................................................... 12 D 600 Certification of components and equipment................. 12 D Global Strength ...........................................................46 D 700 Confidentiality .............................................................. 12 D 100 General ..........................................................................46 D 800 Area identification ........................................................ 12 D 200 Direct calculations (for HS, LC and NSC) ...................47 D 300 Intact condition..............................................................47 E Deviations from the Rules.......................................... 12 D 400 Damaged condition .......................................................47 E 100 General.......................................................................... 12 E Weld Connections........................................................48 SECTION 2 ARRANGEMENTS..........................13 E 100 Application of fillet welds.............................................48 A Deck Arrangements .................................................... 13 E 200 Qualification of welding procedures and welders ........48 E 300 Fabrication and welding requirements..........................49 A 100 Deck definitions............................................................ 13 E 400 Production welding .......................................................52 A 200 Rescue area ................................................................... 13 E 500 Welding of stainless steel..............................................53 A 300 Guard-rails and handholds............................................ 13 E 600 Post weld heat treatment ...............................................53 B Watertight and gas tight compartments................... 14 E 700 Grinding.........................................................................54 B 10 Watertight and gas tight bulkheads, decks and E 800 Production tests .............................................................54 compartments. General. ................................................................. 14 E 900 Dimensional control and tolerance requirements .........54 B 100 Main Watertight bulkheads........................................... 14 E 1000 Non-destructive testing and inspection ...................55 B 200 Main Watertight bulkheads (for HS, LC ans NSC)...... 15 F Buckling (for HS, LC and NSC) ................................58 B 300 Collision bulkhead (for HS, LC and NSC)................... 16 F 100 General (for HS, LC and NSC).....................................58 B 400 Watertight bulkheads .................................................... 16 B 500 Gas tight bulkheads....................................................... 16 G Direct Strength Calculations......................................58 B 600 Watertight and gas tight decks...................................... 17 G 100 Modelling of hull structure (for HS, LC and NSC) ......58 B 700 Watertight compartments.............................................. 17 G 200 Modelling of hull structure............................................59 B 800 Gas tight compartments ................................................ 18 H Hull structure design, Aluminium alloy....................59 C Zones ............................................................................ 18 C 100 General principles......................................................... 18 I Hull structure design, Fibre composite and sandwich C 200 Fire control zones.......................................................... 18 constructions .................................................................................59 C 300 Damage control zones................................................... 18 SECTION 5 STABILITY, WATERTIGHT AND C 400 Gas tight division.......................................................... 18 WEATHERTIGHT INTEGRITY................................ 60 C 500 Hazardous areas ............................................................ 19 D Accommodation .........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary Report
    Issued November 2019 REPORT Marine 2019/08 SUMMARY OF THE PART ONE REPORT ON THE COLLISION ON 8 NOVEMBER 2018 BETWEEN THE FRIGATE HNOMS HELGE INGSTAD AND THE OIL TANKER SOLA TS OUTSIDE THE STURE TERMINAL IN THE HJELTEFJORD IN HORDALAND COUNTY AIBN and DAIBN has compiled this report for the sole purpose of improving safety at sea. The object of a safety investigation is to clarify the sequence of events and root cause factors, study matters of significance for the prevention of maritime accidents and improvement of safety at sea, and to publish a report with eventually safety recommendations. The Board shall not apportion any blame or liability. Use of this report for any other purpose than for improvements of the safety at sea shall be avoided. Accident Investigation Board Norway • P.O. Box 213, N-2001 Lillestrøm, Norway • Phone: + 47 63 89 63 00 • Fax: + 47 63 89 63 01 www.aibn.no • [email protected] This is a summary of the AIBN’s part one report following the accident. The AIBN refers to the full text in the part one report for an accurate description and details of the sequence of events, factual information and the analysis of the accident up until the time when the collision occurred. Only the official part one report describes the AIBN’s investigation and the findings completely. The report is available on www.aibn.no. This report has been translated into English and published by the Accident Investigation Board Norway (AIBN) to facilitate access by international readers. As accurate as the translation might be, the original Norwegian text takes precedence as the report of reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Applications of Full-Scale Ship Hull Health
    UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED Development and Applications of Full-Scale Ship Hull Health Monitoring Systems for the Royal Norwegian Navy Hans Erling Torkildsen1, Åslaug Grøvlen1, Atle Skaugen1, Gunnar Wang1, Alf Egil Jensen2, Karianne Pran3 & Geir Sagvolden3 1Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O.Box 25, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway 2 FiReCo AS, Mosseveien 39B, N-1610 Fredrikstad, Norway 3 Light Structures AS, Hasleveien 38, N-0571 Oslo, Norway Email: [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] SUMMARY FFI has through a number of projects been engaged in the development of ship hull structural health monitoring (SHHM) systems for the Norwegian Navy. Important goals are to increase safety, reduce damage and improve the operational utilization of the ship within the design limits, and reduce cost by condition based maintenance. The development of a practical SHHM system is based on the utilization of modern fiber optic sensor technology, detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the ship hull, and a modular, scaleable signal processing and data storage computer system. The system gives real-time information on both the global wave load on the hull and the local load in a number of selected critical areas. An Extended SHHM (ESHHM) includes monitoring and recording of the ship motion and operating parameters in order to get a complete picture of the parameters influencing the hull load. Detailed characterization of the sea state is obtained by means of a wave radar and a microwave altimeter mounted in the bow which measure the meeting wave profile.
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater Acoustic Noise Measurement of Vessels
    CASE STUDY THE ROYAL NORWEGIAN NAVY UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC NOISE MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS A vessel’s acoustic signature provides recognition to friends and enemies alike. The acoustic range at Heggernes in Norway measures all types of NATO naval vessels, and is one of only a few in the world. New and refitted vessels are measured to NATO standards, to identify changes and deviations from specified noise levels. Reliability and accuracy are essential for their hydrophones and customized software. Surface vessel Buoy CHALLENGE Characterize the acoustic signature of NATO submarines and surface ships in operation Measurement Buoy building Communication boxes Sea level SOLUTION Hydrophone Durable underwater acoustic ranging system including hydrophones, analysis equipment and customized software Seabed RESULTS Anchor Hydrophone • Vessels characterized and compared to design specifications with unquestionable data accuracy Submarine • Minimal hydrophone recalibration requirements Anchor BRÜEL & KJÆR CASE STUDY – UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC NOISE MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS 01 The control building for the underwa- ter acoustic range at Heggernes. The radar system has a range of 25 nm. BACKGROUND erlands is the Naval Electronics and Optics the principle guidelines for operation of the Early in the 1990s, the navies of Germany, Establishment (MEOB). The Wehrtechnische station. Norway and The Netherlands entered into a Dienststelle für Schiffe und Mainewaffen cooperation agreement to establish an under- (WTD71) is responsible for German testing. ACOUSTIC RANGING water acoustic range. Several locations Separate computers, with removable hard The purpose of acoustic ranging is to measure were considered according to a number of disks, are used by each country. Postprocess- the noise generated by vessels at various criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Sheet
    TACTICALL NAVY REFERENCES Internal Communication External Communication TactiCall gives you complete control and fast access to all net- TactiCall is a perfect match for Task- or coalition force operations, works on board your vessel. Be it Functional Nets including teleph- including other military arms. SOF teams, air force, marine detach- ony, public address, entertainment systems and the like or Fighting ments and even civil and NGO agencies can be important players Nets handling alarms, broadcasts and orders, weapon teams or in the operation. More often than not, this setup includes a multi- mission control. tude of different frequency bands, networks and radio equipment. TactiCall will integrate all these into one simple and easy to use TactiCall is highly flexible and scalable, it is platform independent solution that permits everybody to reach each other regardless of and will integrate seamlessly into your combat management sys- equipment and technology used. tem of choice. In other words TactiCall lets you control all internal communication on board your vessel and with features such as TactiCall will allow key features for modern day operations like red/ record and playback helps you log and later analyze your commu- black separation, multi-level security operations, global public ad- nication flows. dress and allowing government or task force commanders to com- municate directly with whoever needs to be addressed in a given situation - facilitating a much smoother and more rapid “Statement of No Objections” chain. Contact Porten
    [Show full text]
  • English in the Armed Forces Grammar, Rules and Tips for Public Texts in the Norwegian Armed Forces
    English in the Armed Forces Grammar, rules and tips for public texts in the Norwegian Armed Forces English in the Armed Forces In this publication you will find grammar, rules and tips for written English in the Norwegian Armed Forces. These recommendations apply to all public texts in the Armed Forces – including publications, letters, presentations, folders, CVs, biographies, social media and videos. The Norwegian Armed Forces Media Centre, November 2020 Table of contents 1. Main principles page 3 2. Numbers and dates page 4 3. Capitalisation page 5 4. Singular or plural? page 6 5. Signs and punctuations page 7 6. Military vocabulary pages 8–9 2 1. Main principles Our written language is standard, modern British English. As a general rule, the first spelling on the Oxford Dictionaries website should be followed. An exception to this rule is the spelling of '-iz-' words (see below). This written English conforms to the standard used by large institutions like the BBC and the European Union. British English Examples: programme (not program) centre (not center) harbour (not harbor – except fixed names like Pearl Harbor) neighbour (not neighbor) defence (not defense) mobile phone (not cell phone) aircraft, aeroplane (not airplane) tonnes (not tons) metres (not meter – except parking meter, etc.) kilograms (not kilogrammes) -is- / -iz- spelling Both spellings are correct, but use the -is- spelling for the sake of consistency in our texts. This is also in accordance with the EU and the BBC. Examples: organisation (not organization – except fixed names: North Atlantic Treaty Organization) globalisation (not globalization) to organise (not to organize) to recognise (not to recognize) to analyse (not to analyze) Resources: Oxford Dictionaries: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/ EU Spelling Conventions: http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-4100000.htm 3 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Utilising Local Capacities
    CENTRE FOR MILITARY STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Utilising Local Capacities Maritime Emergency Response across the Arctic Andreas Østhagen February 2017 Denne rapport er en del af Center for Militære Studiers forskningsbaserede myndighedsbe- tjening for Forsvarsministeriet og de politiske partier bag forsvarsforliget. Formålet med rapporten er at studere og analysere de forskellige måder, hvorpå landene i Arktis benytter sig af lokale kapaciteter i forbindelse med maritim sikkerhed og beredskab i Arktis. Dette muliggør en vurdering af, hvordan beredskabsniveauet i nordlige farvande kan øges yderligere, samt hvilke spørgsmål som burde undersøges af fremtidige studier. Center for Militære Studier er et forskningscenter på Institut for Statskundskab på Københavns Universitet. På centret forskes der i sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitik samt militær strategi. Forskningen danner grundlag for forskningsbaseret myndighedsbetjening af Forsvarsministeriet og de politiske partier bag forsvarsforliget. Denne rapport er et analysearbejde baseret på forskningsmæssig metode. Rapportens konklusioner er ikke et udtryk for holdninger hos den danske regering, det danske forsvar eller andre myndigheder. Læs mere om centret og dets aktiviteter på: http://cms.polsci.ku.dk/. Forfatter: Ph.d.-stipendiat Andreas Østhagen, Senior Fellow at The Arctic Institute. ISBN: 978-87-7393-796-9 i This report is a part of Centre for Military Studies’ policy research services for the Ministry of Defence and the political parties to the Defence Agreement. The purpose of the report is to examine and analyse the different ways Arctic countries are utilising local capacities when managing emergency situations in the maritime Arctic. This enables an evaluation of how the level of preparedness can be further enhanced in northern waters, as well as what questions should be examined by future studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Helge Ingstad’ and the Oil Tanker Sola Ts Outside the Sture Terminal in the Hjeltefjord in Hordaland County on 8 November 2018
    Issued April 2021 REPORT Marine 2021/05 PART TWO REPORT ON THE COLLISION BETWEEN THE FRIGATE HNOMS ‘HELGE INGSTAD’ AND THE OIL TANKER SOLA TS OUTSIDE THE STURE TERMINAL IN THE HJELTEFJORD IN HORDALAND COUNTY ON 8 NOVEMBER 2018 Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority • P.O. Box 213, N-2001 Lillestrøm • Phone.:+47 63 89 63 00 • nsia.no • [email protected] NSIA has compiled this report for the sole purpose of improving safety at sea. The object of a safety investigation is to clarify the sequence of events and root cause factors, study matters of significance for the prevention of maritime accidents and improvement of safety at sea, and to publish a report with eventually safety recommendations. The Board shall not apportion any blame or liability. Use of this report for any other purpose than for improvements of the safety at sea shall be avoided. This report has been translated into English and published by the Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority (NSIA) to facilitate access by international readers. As accurate as the translation might be, the original Norwegian text takes precedence as the report of reference Photo (front page) of HNoMS ‘Helge Ingstad’: A. Ligaarden, Norwegian Armed Forces Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority Page 2 Table of content SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION TO INVESTIGATION REPORT PART 2 ........................................................... 8 1. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings
    U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons International Seapower Symposium Events 9-2016 Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/iss Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S., "Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium: Report of the Proceedings" (2016). International Seapower Symposium. 7. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/iss/7 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Events at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Seapower Symposium by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPORT OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS TWENTY-SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM Report of the Proceedings TWENTY-SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM Report of the Proceedings 20–23 September 2016 Edited by John B. Hattendorf Ernest J. King Professor Emeritus of Maritime History U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Newport, Rhode Island 2017 Attended by naval and coast guard representatives from 106 nations, the International Seapower Symposium provides live translations of the proceedings for all visitors. Editor’s Note Every attempt has been made by this editor to record a clear and accurate record of the Twenty-Second International Seapower Symposium. Through the use of speak- ing notes, transcripts, seminar notes, and tape recordings of the speakers or, when necessary, simultaneous translations, the opinions and views of the participating maritime leaders are recorded in this printed text.
    [Show full text]
  • Norwegian Defence 2006 Contents
    Norwegian Defence 2006 Contents Norwegian security and defence policy 3 NATO 5 Division of responsibility for defence in Norway 7 The Ministry of Defence 8 Personnel and education 9 The Armed Forces’ military organisation 10 National Service 11 The concept of total defence 12 Civil protection 13 Operations abroad 14 The Armed Forces in Norway 15 The Royal Norwegian Army 16 The Royal Norwegian Navy 17 The Royal Norwegian Airforce 18 The Home Guard 19 Non-governmental organisations 20 Addresses 22 Ranks and insignia 23 Norwegian security and defence policy The framework parameters against which Norway’s security • to uphold Norwegian sovereignty, policy is formulated are changing. The decade that has Norwegian rights and interests, and elapsed since the end of the Cold War can be regarded as a protect Norwegian freedom of action in the face of political, military and other transitional phase, which has now passed. kinds of pressure; • to defend together with our Allies Norway and NATO against assault and attack; Security Policy Objectives • to protect society against assault and A comprehensive and quantifiably attack, by state and non-state actors. real threat has been replaced by uncertainty and unpredictability. The same Defence policy objectives applies to Norway’s neighbouring areas The contribution made by Norway’s defence where the inherent strategic importance of organisation to the achievement of the national the northern region, and the need to security policy objectives set out above, will administer and safeguard natural resources depend on its ability to meet its more specific extending over vast sea areas, are key factors defence policy objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Responses to Climate Change: Ready for Take-Off
    Ready for take-off? Military responses to climate change Louise van Schaik Dick Zandee Tobias von Lossow Brigitte Dekker Zola van der Maas Ahmad Halima Ready for take-off? Military responses to climate change Louise van Schaik Dick Zandee Tobias von Lossow Brigitte Dekker Zola van der Maas Ahmad Halima Clingendael Report March 2020 March 2020 Cover photo: © The National Guard / Flickr Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the authors Louise van Schaik is Head of Unit EU & Global Affairs at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ in The Hague. She also coordinates Clingendael research in the field of climate change and sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • Building on Strength Proposals for US-Norwegian Cooperation on the Operational and Tactical Level
    C O N C E P T P A P E R S E R I E S 2/2 0 1 9 Building on Strength Proposals for US-Norwegian Cooperation on the Operational and Tactical Level Ståle Ulriksen and Åse Gilje Østensens This paper suggests that the existing practice of deploying United States Marine Core (USMC) units from Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway (MCPP-N) facilities in Trøndelag to other parts of Norway during crisis and war needs to be rethought. The operational- and tactical-level threats in this area are changing rapidly, and there is a high level of risk inherent in existing practice. We propose a concept based on the use of parts of the Norwegian offshore fleet for both operational and tactical transport and supply of the USMC. REVITALIZING TRANSATLANTIC MARITIME SECURITY The research project “Revitalizing Transatlantic Maritime Security: Filling Capability Gaps with the Norwegian Commercial Shipping Sector” intends to bring forward creative ideas on how to fill logistical gaps by leveraging private -public partnerships with merchant fleet operators. The project is a collaboration between Center for New American Security, Norwegian Institiute of International Affairs and the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy. The project is funded by a research grant provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. Norwegian Defence University College Royal Norwegian Naval Academy Concept Paper Series 2 1/2019 To Norway, the US Marine Corps Prepositioning from the Norwegian merchant navy and offshore Program in Norway (MCPP-N) represents an industry. There are several reasons for this. Our important manifestation of the nation’s alliance point of departure is that it is necessary to plan for with the US.
    [Show full text]
  • European Naval Power in the Post–Cold War Era Jeremy Stöhs
    Naval War College Review Volume 71 Article 4 Number 3 Summer 2018 Into the Abyss?: European Naval Power in the Post–Cold War Era Jeremy Stöhs Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Stöhs, Jeremy (2018) "Into the Abyss?: European Naval Power in the Post–Cold War Era," Naval War College Review: Vol. 71 : No. 3 , Article 4. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol71/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stöhs: Into the Abyss?: European Naval Power in the Post–Cold War Era INTO THE ABYSS? European Naval Power in the Post–Cold War Era Jeremy Stöhs ince the end of the Cold War, European sea power—particularly its naval element—has undergone drastic change�1 The dissolution of the Soviet Union Snot only heralded a period of Western unilateralism but also put an end to previ- ous levels of military investment� In fact, once the perceived threat that Soviet forces posed had disappeared, many Western governments believed that the era of great-power rivalry and major-power wars finally had come to an end�2 Rather than necessitating preparation for war, the security environment now ostensibly allowed states to allocate their funds to other areas, such as housing, education, and health
    [Show full text]