Implementing Road and Congestion Pricing- Lessons from Singapore
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Technologies That Enable Congestion Pricing a Primer Quality Assurance Statement
Technologies That Enable Congestion Pricing A PRIMER Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. Contents The Primer Series and the Purpose of This Volume 2 Congestion-Pricing Options 4 Functional Processes for Tolling and Congestion Charging 6 Primary Tolling and Pricing-System Components 7 Paper-Based Systems 7 Manual-Toll Facilities 8 Image-Based Tolling/Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) Technology 9 DSRC Free-Flow Toll Using Transponders and Gantries 9 VPS Technologies 11 Cellular Telephone and Pico-Cell Systems 12 Combination Systems 13 Sub-System Technologies 14 Informing and Providing Standardized Signs and Lane Markings 14 Vehicle-Occupancy Detection Technologies 15 Vehicle-Identification and Classification Systems 15 Telecommunications: Roadside and Centralized Control Equipment 16 Automation of Operations 17 Payment Systems for Pre- and Post-Payment of Tolls and Charges 17 Secondary Enforcement 18 System Reliability and Accuracy of DSRC Systems 18 OBU Distribution Facilities 19 ITS Integration 19 Acronym List/Glossary 20 References 23 The Primer Series and the Purpose of This Volume States and local jurisdictions are increasingly dis- About This Primer Series cussing congestion pricing as a strategy for improv- The Congestion Pricing Primer Series is part of FHWA’s outreach efforts ing transportation system performance. In fact, to introduce the various aspects of congestion pricing to decision-makers many transportation experts believe that conges- and transportation professionals in the United States. -
Pricing out Congestion
RESEARCH NOTE PRICING OUT CONGESTION Experiences from abroad Patrick Carvalho*† 28 January 2020 I will begin with the proposition that in no other major area are pricing practices so irrational, so out of date, and so conducive to waste as in urban transportation. — William S. Vickrey (1963)1 Summary As part of The New Zealand Initiative’s transport research series, this study focuses on the international experiences around congestion pricing, i.e. the use of road charges encouraging motorists to avoid traveling at peak times in busy routes. More than just a driving nuisance, congestion constitutes a serious global economic problem. By some estimates, congestion costs the world as much as a trillion dollars every year. In response, cities across the globe are turning to decades of scientific research and empirical support in the use of congestion charges to manage road overuse. From the first congestion charging implementation in Singapore in 1975 to London, Stockholm and Dubai in the 2000s to the expected 2021 New York City launch, myriad road pricing schemes are successfully harnessing the power of markets to fix road overcrowding – and providing valuable lessons along the way. In short, congestion charging works. The experiences of these international cities can be an excellent blueprint for New Zealand to learn from and tailor a road pricing scheme that is just right for us. By analysing the international experience on congestion pricing, this research note provides further insights towards a more rational, updated and un-wasteful urban transport system. When the price is right, a proven solution to chronic road congestion is ours for the taking. -
Urban Elements Advanced Studies in Urban Design
Research Collection Edited Volume Urban Elements Advanced Studies in Urban Design Author(s): Fun, Siew Leng; Christiaanse, Kees; Cairns, Stephen; Richthofen, Aurel von; Leyk, Dietmar; Knecht, Katja; Miao, Yufan; König, Reinhard Publication Date: 2018 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000270354 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library URBAN ELEMENTS EDITOR Aurel von Richthofen Future Cities Laboratory Urban Redevelopment Authority URBAN ELEMENTS URBAN ELEMENTS ADVANCED STUDIES IN URBAN DESIGN EDITOR Aurel von Richthofen Future Urban Redevelopment Cities Laboratory Authority Content Building Competencies 7 Siew Leng Fun Rethinking Design Education 10 Kees Christiaanse Element, System and Milieu 12 Stephen Cairns Introduction to Advanced Studies in Urban Design 14 Stephen Cairns, Aurel von Richthofen, Dietmar Leyk U R B A N A N A L Y S I S 19 Parametric Urban Design Tools 67 Aurel von Richthofen, Katja Knecht, Yufan Miao, Reinhard König U R B A N E L E M E N T S 89 Test-Bedding Urban Design 147 Aurel von Richthofen Course Programme 165 Stephen Cairns, Aurel von Richthofen, Dietmar Leyk Lecture slides 183 Teaching Team 202 Contributors 205 5 Content Building Competencies Siew Leng Fun What is the role of architects in the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)? With their architectural training, they are in a good stead to carry out Urban Design work in the URA. We place a lot of emphasis on urban design to shape our city into a distinctive, dynamic and delightful place that is people-centric. -
Bto) Flats in May 2015 Exercise
ANNEX A1 INFORMATION ON BUILD-TO-ORDER (BTO) FLATS IN MAY 2015 EXERCISE CLEMENTI CREST Clementi Crest is located along Clementi Avenue 3 at the Clementi Town Centre. It has 385 flats comprising 229 units of 4-room and 156 units of 5-room flats. A childcare centre will be provided in this development. 2 Residents of Clementi Crest will be served by the Clementi MRT station and numerous public bus services at the Clementi bus interchange. They will be served by a wide range of facilities in the Clementi Town Centre such as Clementi Mall, a polyclinic as well as many retail shops and eating places. For leisure and recreation, the residents can visit the Clementi Community Centre, Clementi Sports Hall, Clementi Swimming Complex, Clementi Stadium, etc. 3 The schools within Clementi include Clementi Primary School, Pei Tong Primary School, Nan Hua Primary School, Nan Hua High School, Singapore Polytechnic and National University of Singapore. The Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) is a short drive away providing connectivity to the rest of Singapore. 1 2 EASTLINK I @ CANBERRA and EASTLINK II @ CANBERRA 4 Two BTO projects in Sembawang Town are offered for sale. EastLink I @ Canberra and EastLink II @ Canberra are located along Canberra Link and across the road from the upcoming Canberra MRT station. Both projects are located near Sungei Simpang Kiri. The details are set out in Table A1(1). Table A1(1): EastLink I @ Canberra and EastLink II @ Canberra No. of Units Project Facilities 2-room 3-room 4-room Total EastLink I @ Canberra 229 139 232 600 Neighbourhood Centre (NC) comprising supermarket, food court, restaurants/ F&B kiosks, shops and enrichment centres. -
Singapore's Experience with Road User Charges
Singapore’s Experience with Road User Charges Session 4 Presentation, ITF-OECD Expert Workshop on “International Best Practices to Promote Eco-Friendly Cars” 25 – 26 January 2021 Walter Theseira Singapore University of Social Sciences [email protected] Singapore’s Electronic Road Pricing System Vehicle Growth and Vehicle Use Restraint Policy in Singapore, 1965 - 2019 2000 200 1800 180 1600 160 1995: Road Pricing 2023: Global 1400 Scheme Navigation Satellite 140 System Road Pricing 1200 1990: Vehicle Quota 1998: Electronic 120 Scheme Road Pricing 1000 1975: Area Licensing 100 Scheme 800 80 Vehicle in Thousands Vehicle 600 60 Vehicles per 1000 Population 1000 per Vehicles 400 40 200 20 0 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Total Vehicles Private Passenger Cars Vehicles per Thousand Pop. Private Passenger Cars per Thousand Pop. Notes: Vehicle count adjusted downward in 1973 due to computerisation of vehicle registry; private passenger car breakdown not readily available for 1995-2004 Overview of Vehicle Restraint Policy Development • 1965 – 1975: Public transport underfunded, disorganized; Road infrastructure inadequate. Policy for restructuring bus services, road expansion, economic development. • 1975 – 1995: Area Licensing Scheme + Road Pricing Scheme introduced to address growing car ownership, rapid economic growth, causing high congestion in CBD. Car ownership curbed through high taxes and fees. Mass Rapid Transit metro developed in 1980s. • 1990: Vehicle Quota Scheme introduced. Vehicle ownership requires license, obtained by auction from available quota. Road user charges argued necessary to balance expansion of vehicle ownership – carrot-and-stick policy approach. • 1998: Electronic Road Pricing introduced. Shift towards greater reliance on vehicle use restraint (road user charges), allowing expansion of vehicle ownership and reduction in fixed vehicle taxes. -
Reducing Urban Road Transportation Externalities: Road Pricing in Theory and in Practice Downloaded from Alex Anas* and Robin Lindseyy
66 Symposium: Transportation and the Environment Reducing Urban Road Transportation Externalities: Road Pricing in Theory and in Practice Downloaded from Alex Anas* and Robin Lindseyy Introduction http://reep.oxfordjournals.org/ Urban road transportation causes several major negative externalities. First, the costs of green- house gas emissions from motorized private and public vehicles are borne globally. Second, other air pollutants and noise from urban road transportation affect road users and others locally. Third, while the costs of congestion (time delays and extra fuel consumption), accidents, and infrastructure damage are largely borne by motorists collectively, there is still an externality because individual motorists increase these costs for other motorists. Because of these exter- nalities, motorists do not bear the full social marginal costs of driving and they drive too much. Urban road transportation causes several other externalities as well, including water pollu- at Technical Services - Serials on October 6, 2016 tion, vibrations, and visual intrusion. Roads also create a barrier to bicyclists and pedestrians. Moreover, when parking is underpriced, the time spent searching for parking, excessive use of land for parking, the contribution to the urban heat island effect, and problems of drainage can besignificantinurbanareas(Shoup2005).Inaddition,fuelconsumptioncanimposecostsatthe national level due to monopsony power in the world oil market and energy insecurity, although by most estimates the average costs are small (Bickel et al. 2006; Delucchi and McCubbin 2009). Many policy instruments can be used to control road transportation externalities, but all have their limitations. In the United States, vehicle emissions standards and ceilings on regional air quality have helped reduce emissions per vehicle kilometer. -
Preliminary Pricing Supplement
IMPORTANT NOTICE NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES OR TO U.S. PERSONS IMPORTANT: You must read the following disclaimer before continuing. The following disclaimer applies to the attached preliminary pricing supplement. You are advised to read this disclaimer carefully before accessing, reading or making any other use of the attached preliminary pricing supplement. In accessing the attached preliminary pricing supplement, you agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions, including any modifications to them from time to time, each time you receive any information from us as a result of such access. Confirmation of Your Representation: In order to be eligible to view the attached preliminary pricing supplement or make an investment decision with respect to the securities, investors must not be a U.S. person (within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act (as defined below)). The attached preliminary pricing supplement is being sent at your request and by accepting the e-mail and accessing the attached preliminary pricing supplement, you shall be deemed to have represented to us (1) that you are not resident in the United States (“U.S.”) nor a U.S. person, as defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) nor are you acting on behalf of a U.S. person, the electronic mail address that you gave us and to which this email has been delivered is not located in the U.S. and, to the extent you purchase the securities described in the attached preliminary pricing supplement, you will be doing so pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act, and (2) that you consent to delivery of the attached preliminary pricing supplement and any amendments or supplements thereto by electronic transmission. -
The Effects of Road Pricing on Driver Behavior and Air Pollution
The effects of road pricing on driver behavior andair pollution Matthew Gibson, Maria Carnovale To cite this version: Matthew Gibson, Maria Carnovale. The effects of road pricing on driver behavior and air pollution. Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, 2015, 89, pp.62-73. 10.1016/j.jue.2015.06.005. hal-01589743 HAL Id: hal-01589743 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01589743 Submitted on 19 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The eects of road pricing on driver behavior and air pollution Matthew Gibsona,∗, Maria Carnovaleb aDepartment of Economics, Williams College, Schapiro Hall, 24 Hopkins Hall Dr., Williamstown MA 01267 bCERTeT, Università Bocconi and Duke University, Duke Box 90239, Durham, NC 27708 Abstract Exploiting the natural experiment created by an unanticipated court injunction, we evaluate driver responses to road pricing. We nd evidence of intertemporal substitution toward unpriced times and spatial substitution toward unpriced roads. The eect on trac volume varies with public transit availability. Net of these responses, Milan's pricing policy reduces air pollution substantially, generating large welfare gains. In addition, we use long-run policy changes to estimate price elasticities. -
Citibank Enters Landmark Partnership with EZ-Link This Partnership Offers a Seamless Automatic Top-Up Solution Benefitting All Companies Operating Locally
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C) 22 September 2015 Citibank Enters Landmark Partnership With EZ-Link This Partnership Offers A Seamless Automatic Top-up Solution Benefitting All Companies Operating Locally Singapore – Citibank Singapore today announced that it has entered into a landmark partnership with EZ-Link Pte Ltd (EZ-Link) to offer a seamless automatic top-up solution for the payment of Electronic Parking System (EPS) parking fees and Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) gantry fees for its Commercial Card customers. Citibank is the first bank in Singapore to collaborate with EZ-Link on this business-to-business (B2B) offering, called EZ-Reload Corporate Service, that aims to redefine the way in which companies manage their corporate fleet. Companies will be able to link their ez-link cards issued by EZ-Link to the EZ-Reload Corporate Service using their Citibank Commercial Card account, which will be automatically topped up whenever they fall short of the stored value for payment. Such payment solution offers greater convenience, cost-savings and ease to the companies in managing their corporate fleet. Up to 1,000 ez-link cards can be linked to a Citibank Commercial Card account, presenting companies with an effective yet secure way to manage their fleet of vehicles. Companies will also have the flexibility of choosing between an amount of S$20, S$30 or S$40 for each top- up. The administrative fees for the top-ups will be waived starting from 1 November 2015. Mr. Han Kwee Juan, Chief Executive Officer, Citibank Singapore, said: “We are very pleased to be the first and only bank in Singapore to partner EZ-Link to offer this simple yet highly effective B2B solution to our Commercial Card customers. -
Contactless Smart Card Schemes in the Asia Pacific Region
Contactless Smart Card Schemes in the Asia Pacific Region © Asia Pacific Smart Card Association, 2002 The information in this document was accurate when published in August 2002. Asia Pacific Smart Card Association 12A Thomson Commercial Bldg 8 Thomson Road Hong Kong Phone : +852 25919481 Fax: +852 28349748 Email: [email protected] Contactless Smart Card Schemes in the Asia Pacific Region TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................3 TAIPEI’S EASYCARD .................................................................................................6 SINGAPORE’S EZLINK ................................................................................................7 HONG KONG’S OCTOPUS ............................................................................................9 MALAYSIA’S TOUCH’N GO ........................................................................................ 11 KOREA’S METROPOLITAN AFC SCHEME FOR SEOUL ....................................................... 13 KOREA’s MYbi CARD................................................................................................ 15 CHINA’S SHENZHEN TONG CARD................................................................................ 20 CHINA’S SHANGHAI PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CARD ..................................................... 21 JAPAN’S SUICA CARD.............................................................................................. 23 JAPAN’S EDY CARD................................................................................................ -
The Efficacy of Congestion Pricing
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga UTC Scholar Student Research, Creative Works, and Honors Theses Publications 5-2016 The efficacy of congestion pricing Zachary J. Ridder University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.utc.edu/honors-theses Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Ridder, Zachary J., "The efficacy of congestion pricing" (2016). Honors Theses. This Theses is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research, Creative Works, and Publications at UTC Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UTC Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Efficacy of Congestion Pricing By Zack Ridder Departmental Honors Thesis The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Economics Department Project Direction: Dr. Leila Pratt Examination Date: 3/30/16 Examination Committee: Dr. Leila Pratt Dr. Bruce Hutchinson Dr. James Guilfoyle Dr. David Giles The Efficacy of Congestion Pricing By Zack Ridder 1 I. Introduction As the number of vehicles continues to climb road congestion will become a more prominent feature of urban centers and will likely worsen over time. This thesis will show that the most simple and effective way to combat congestion is the implementation of road pricing schemes in and around major metropolitan areas. For the most part the benefits of such a system outweigh the potential costs. These tolling systems force commuters to internalize the marginal social cost of driving, as opposed to only paying the average social cost and incurring a deadweight loss. This paper will first provide a review of the literature, tracing the theoretical development of congestion pricing from its early roots to modern studies. -
198 Bus Time Schedule & Line Route
198 bus time schedule & line map 198 Boon Lay Int View In Website Mode The 198 bus line (Boon Lay Int) has 2 routes. For regular weekdays, their operation hours are: (1) Boon Lay Int: 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM (2) Bt Merah Int: 5:30 AM - 11:44 PM Use the Moovit App to ƒnd the closest 198 bus station near you and ƒnd out when is the next 198 bus arriving. Direction: Boon Lay Int 198 bus Time Schedule 44 stops Boon Lay Int Route Timetable: VIEW LINE SCHEDULE Sunday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM Monday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM Bt Merah Ctrl - Bt Merah Int (10009) 3591 Bukit Merah Central, Singapore Tuesday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM Bt Merah Ctrl - Blk 1003 (10659) Wednesday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM 1003 Jalan Bukit Merah, Singapore Thursday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM Jln Bt Merah - Opp Bt Merah Sec Sch (10101) Friday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM Jln Bt Merah - Opp Blk 28 (10111) Saturday 5:30 AM - 11:33 PM 16 Jalan Kilang, Singapore Jln Bt Merah - Opp Blk 2 (10131) 4545 Jalan Bukit Merah, Singapore 198 bus Info Queensway - Aft Queenstown Npc Hq (11021) Direction: Boon Lay Int Stops: 44 Queensway - Opp Queen's Cl (11031) Trip Duration: 77 min Line Summary: Bt Merah Ctrl - Bt Merah Int (10009), Queensway - Aft C'Wealth Dr (11041) Bt Merah Ctrl - Blk 1003 (10659), Jln Bt Merah - Opp Queensway, Singapore Bt Merah Sec Sch (10101), Jln Bt Merah - Opp Blk 28 (10111), Jln Bt Merah - Opp Blk 2 (10131), Queensway - Opp Queenstown Polyclinic (11051) Queensway - Aft Queenstown Npc Hq (11021), 300 Tanglin Halt Road, Singapore Queensway - Opp Queen's Cl (11031), Queensway - Aft C'Wealth Dr (11041), Queensway