Multivariate Discriminant Function Analysis of Camelid Astragali
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Stable Isotopes, Hypsodonty, and the Paleodiet of Hemiauchenia (Mammalia: Camelidae): a Morphological Specialization Creating Ecological Generalization
Paleobiology, 29(2), 2003, pp. 230±242 Stable isotopes, hypsodonty, and the paleodiet of Hemiauchenia (Mammalia: Camelidae): a morphological specialization creating ecological generalization Robert S. Feranec Abstract.ÐMorphological adaptations may indicate increased specialization (narrowing of ecolog- ical niche) or expansion of the suite of lifestyles available to an organism (increasing niche breadth). Hypsodonty in mammals generally has been interpreted as a specialization into a grazing niche from a browsing niche. Here I examine the feeding strategy of the extinct hypsodont camel Hem- iauchenia through an analysis of stable carbon isotope values from its tooth enamel, which was used to clarify its feeding strategy and to resolve con¯icting interpretations of dental versus muzzle attributes. The paleodiet of Hemiauchenia is then used to test whether hypsodonty correlates to graz- ing within fossil Lamini. This study focuses on fossils from Florida, which is geographically ideal because unlike other regions of the country almost all extant plants on which animals browse use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. In contrast, most of the grasses and sedges utilized by grazers use the C4 photosynthetic pathway. If Hemiauchenia was an obligate grazer, the stable carbon isotope values of tooth enamel should re¯ect primarily a diet of C4 grass and sedge (.21.3½). If Hem- iauchenia was mainly a browser, the isotopic value should be considerably more negative re¯ecting 13 ingestion primarily of C3 browse (,27.9½). The mean d C values for Hemiauchenia during each time interval average more negative than 28.0½, indicating a dominantly C3 browse diet, and there is no evidence for abandonment of the browsing niche from the Hemphillian through the Ran- cholabrean North American Land Mammal Ages. -
Growth Rate and Duration of Growth in the Adult Canine of Smilodon Gracilis, and Inferences on Diet Through Stable Isotope Analysis
Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist. (2005) 45(4): 369-377 369 GROWTH RATE AND DURATION OF GROWTH IN THE ADULT CANINE OF SMILODON GRACILIS, AND INFERENCES ON DIET THROUGH STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS Robert S. Feranec1,2 Trophic structure and interconnectedness have important implications for diversity and stability in ecosystems. While it is generally difficult to determine trophic structure and the specific prey of predators in ancient ecosystems, analysis of stable δ13 δ18 isotope ratios in tooth enamel can be used to exclude taxa from a predator’s diet. This study analyzes Cv-pdb and Ov-pdb values in a canine of Smilodon gracilis to understand tooth growth and the preferred prey of this species. Oxygen isotope results show a 5 mm/month growth rate and a duration of growth estimated to be 16 months long. The carbon isotope results suggest δ13 consumption of animals that depended only on C3 plants. Due to overlap in Cv-pdb values, it appears that Hemiauchenia and Platygonus may have been included in the diet of this individual of S. gracilis, while Equus and Mammuthus were probably δ13 excluded. Also, the mean Cv-pdb values of S. gracilis were more negative than the prey, which may indicate prey captured in a closed environment, or consumption of species present at Leisey 1A but not yet analyzed isotopically. This study shows that determining trophic relationships and interconnectedness within ancient ecosystems is possible. Key Words: Smilodon; tooth development; diet; stable isotopes; enamel INTRODUCTION common carnivore found at the LSP 1A locality was the Trophic interconnectedness has important implications saber-toothed felid Smilodon gracilis (Berta 1995). -
Guidebook Contains Preliminary Findings of a Number of Concurrent Projects Being Worked on by the Trip Leaders
TH FRIENDS OF THE PLEISTOCENE, ROCKY MOUNTAIN-CELL, 45 FIELD CONFERENCE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE ALBUQUERQUE BASIN OCTOBER 12-14, 2001 SEAN D. CONNELL New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources-Albuquerque Office, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2808 Central Ave. SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 DAVID W. LOVE New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 JOHN D. SORRELL Tribal Hydrologist, Pueblo of Isleta, P.O. Box 1270, Isleta, NM 87022 J. BRUCE J. HARRISON Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 Open-File Report 454C and D Initial Release: October 11, 2001 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 NMBGMR OFR454 C & D INTRODUCTION This field-guide accompanies the 45th annual Rocky Mountain Cell of the Friends of the Pleistocene (FOP), held at Isleta Lakes, New Mexico. The Friends of the Pleistocene is an informal gathering of Quaternary geologists, geomorphologists, and pedologists who meet annually in the field. The field guide has been separated into two parts. Part C (open-file report 454C) contains the three-days of road logs and stop descriptions. Part D (open-file report 454D) contains a collection of mini-papers relevant to field-trip stops. This field guide is a companion to open-file report 454A and 454B, which accompanied a field trip for the annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain/South Central Section of the Geological Society of America, held in Albuquerque in late April. -
18-Prothero Et Al (Massacre).P65
Lucas et al., eds., 2008, Neogene Mammals. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 44. 239 MAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MASSACRE LAKE BEDS (LATE HEMINGFORDIAN, EARLY MIOCENE), NORTHWEST NEVADA, AND THE AGE OF THE “PROBOSCIDEAN DATUM” IN NORTH AMERICA DONALD R. PROTHERO1, EDWARD BYRD DAVIS2 AND SAMANTHA S.B. HOPKINS2 1 Department of Geology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041; 2 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 Abstract—The “Proboscidean Datum” was proposed by Tedford et al. (1987) and Woodburne and Swisher (1995) as a marker of the late Barstovian (middle Miocene, about 14.5 Ma) in North America. Subsequently, a number of pre-late Barstovian proboscidean fossils have been reported, casting doubt on the validity of the Proboscidean Datum. The oldest of these is from the late Hemingfordian Massacre Lake local fauna of northwest Nevada, which produced a single proboscidean tooth fragment. Magnetic stratigraphy was conducted on these beds, which yielded a stable remanence held mainly in magnetite that was entirely reversed in polarity. Based on the 40Ar/39Ar date of 16.474 ±0.035 Ma at the top of the section, we correlate the Massacre Lake beds with earliest Chron C5Cr (16.4-17.3 Ma). In addition, a number of other early Barstovian magnetostratigraphic sections with Proboscidea are reviewed, and quite a few yield fossils that date between 15.8 and 16.2 Ma. Our analysis of faunal data suggests that these early occurrences are simply the first places colonized by the immigrating proboscideans and not marked by a unique ecological or taphonomic history. -
Vertebrate Fauna from the Black Mesa Quarry, Chamita Formation, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Gary S
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/56 Late Hemphillian (Late Miocene) vertebrate fauna from the Black Mesa Quarry, Chamita Formation, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Gary S. Morgan, Daniel J. Koning, and Spencer G. Lucas, 2005, pp. 408-415 in: Geology of the Chama Basin, Lucas, Spencer G.; Zeigler, Kate E.; Lueth, Virgil W.; Owen, Donald E.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 56th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 456 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2005 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. -
Middle Miocene Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Central Great Plains from Stable Carbon Isotopes in Large Mammals Willow H
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Sciences 7-2017 Middle Miocene Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Central Great Plains from Stable Carbon Isotopes in Large Mammals Willow H. Nguy University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss Part of the Geology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Nguy, Willow H., "Middle Miocene Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Central Great Plains from Stable Carbon Isotopes in Large Mammals" (2017). Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 91. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss/91 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MIDDLE MIOCENE PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS FROM STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES IN LARGE MAMMALS by Willow H. Nguy A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor Ross Secord Lincoln, Nebraska July, 2017 MIDDLE MIOCENE PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS FROM STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES IN LARGE MAMMALS Willow H. Nguy, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2017 Advisor: Ross Secord Middle Miocene (18-12 Mya) mammalian faunas of the North American Great Plains contained a much higher diversity of apparent browsers than any modern biome. -
Prospects for Rewilding with Camelids
Journal of Arid Environments 130 (2016) 54e61 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv Prospects for rewilding with camelids Meredith Root-Bernstein a, b, *, Jens-Christian Svenning a a Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark b Institute for Ecology and Biodiversity, Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: The wild camelids wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus), guanaco (Lama guanicoe), and vicuna~ (Vicugna Received 12 August 2015 vicugna) as well as their domestic relatives llama (Lama glama), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), dromedary Received in revised form (Camelus dromedarius) and domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) may be good candidates for 20 November 2015 rewilding, either as proxy species for extinct camelids or other herbivores, or as reintroductions to their Accepted 23 March 2016 former ranges. Camels were among the first species recommended for Pleistocene rewilding. Camelids have been abundant and widely distributed since the mid-Cenozoic and were among the first species recommended for Pleistocene rewilding. They show a range of adaptations to dry and marginal habitats, keywords: Camelids and have been found in deserts, grasslands and savannas throughout paleohistory. Camelids have also Camel developed close relationships with pastoralist and farming cultures wherever they occur. We review the Guanaco evolutionary and paleoecological history of extinct and extant camelids, and then discuss their potential Llama ecological roles within rewilding projects for deserts, grasslands and savannas. The functional ecosystem Rewilding ecology of camelids has not been well researched, and we highlight functions that camelids are likely to Vicuna~ have, but which require further study. -
Annotated List of the Fishes of Nevada
14 June 1984 PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 97(1), 1984, pp. 103-118 ANNOTATED LIST OF THE FISHES OF NEVADA James E. Deacon and Jack E. Williams Abstract.-160 native and introduced fishes referable to 108 species, 56 genera, and 19 families are recorded for Nevada. The increasing proportion of introduced fishes continues to burden the native ichthyofauna. The first list of all fishes known from Nevada by La Rivers and Trelease (1952) eventually culminated in La Rivers' Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada, published in 1962. Over the past twenty years, a number of changes have occurred in the fish fauna of the state. These include additions through "official" actions as well as by "unofficial" means. Some taxa have become extinct and many have become much less abundant (Deacon 1979, Deacon et al. 1979). Numerous changes have also occurred in our understanding of probable taxonomic relationships of the fishes. The increased number of subspecies recognized since the 1962 list reflects a better understanding of distribution and geographic variation of the ichthyo- fauna. Our purpose is to produce a checklist that includes all taxa known from the state within historical times. The list includes all fishes native to Nevada and those that have been introduced into the state, whether or not they have become established. Our checklist reflects current understanding of the fauna and high- lights those areas where additional work is needed. Including subspecies, we record 160 fishes in the present fauna of Nevada referable to 108 species, 56 genera, and 19 families. We recognize 67 subspecies referable to 15 species. -
Morton County, Kansas Michael Anthony Calvello Fort Hays State University
Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Master's Theses Graduate School Summer 2011 Mammalian Fauna From The ulF lerton Gravel Pit (Ogallala Group, Late Miocene), Morton County, Kansas Michael Anthony Calvello Fort Hays State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Calvello, Michael Anthony, "Mammalian Fauna From The ulF lerton Gravel Pit (Ogallala Group, Late Miocene), Morton County, Kansas" (2011). Master's Theses. 135. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/135 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. - MAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM THE FULLERTON GRAVEL PIT (OGALLALA GROUP, LATE MIOCENE), MORTON COUNTY, KANSAS being A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the Fort Hays State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Michael Anthony Calvello B.A., State University of New York at Geneseo Date Z !J ~4r u I( Approved----c-~------------- Chair, Graduate Council Graduate Committee Approval The Graduate Committee of Michael A. Calvello hereby approves his thesis as meeting partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science. Approved: )<--+-- ----+-G~IJCommittee Meilnber Approved: ~J, iii,,~ Committee Member 11 ABSTRACT The Fullerton Gravel Pit, Morton County, Kansas is one of many sites in western Kansas at which the Ogallala Group crops out. The Ogallala Group was deposited primarily by streams flowing from the Rocky Mountains. Evidence of water transport is observable at the Fullerton Gravel Pit through the presence of allochthonous clasts, cross-bedding, pebble alignment, and fossil breakage and subsequent rounding. -
Southern Exposures
Searching for the Pliocene: Southern Exposures Robert E. Reynolds, editor California State University Desert Studies Center The 2012 Desert Research Symposium April 2012 Table of contents Searching for the Pliocene: Field trip guide to the southern exposures Field trip day 1 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Robert E. Reynolds, editor Field trip day 2 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 George T. Jefferson, David Lynch, L. K. Murray, and R. E. Reynolds Basin thickness variations at the junction of the Eastern California Shear Zone and the San Bernardino Mountains, California: how thick could the Pliocene section be? ��������������������������������������������������������������� 31 Victoria Langenheim, Tammy L. Surko, Phillip A. Armstrong, Jonathan C. Matti The morphology and anatomy of a Miocene long-runout landslide, Old Dad Mountain, California: implications for rock avalanche mechanics �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 Kim M. Bishop The discovery of the California Blue Mine ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 Rick Kennedy Geomorphic evolution of the Morongo Valley, California ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 Frank Jordan, Jr. New records -
The Flaxville Gravel and ·Its Relation to Other Terrace Gravels of the Northern Great Plains
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary . -UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Professional Paper 108-J THE FLAXVILLE GRAVEL AND ·ITS RELATION TO OTHER TERRACE GRAVELS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS BY ARTHUR J. COLLIER AND W. T. THOM, JR. Published January 26,1918 Shorter contributions to general geology, 1917 ( Paates 179-184 ) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 i, '!· CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ............... ~ ... ~ ........... , ........... .......... ~ ......................... ~ .... -.----- 179 Flaxville gravel ......................................................................· .. ............ ·.... 179 Late Pliocene or early Pleistocene gravel. ..................................... ..... .. .................• - 182 Late Pleistocene and Recent erosion and deposition ........................ ..... ............ ~ ............ 182 Oligocene beds in Cypress Hilla .................... .' ................. ........................ .......... 183 Summary ....•......................... ················· · ·· · ·········.···············"···················· 183 ILLUSTRA 'fl ONS. Page. PLATE LXII. Map of northeastern Montana and adjacent parts of Canada, showing the distribution of erosion levels and gravel horizons................................................................ 180 J,XIII. A, Surface of the Flaxville plateau, northeastern Montana; B, Outcrop of cemented Flaxville gravel in escarpment ·of plateau northwest of Opheim, Mont.; C; Escarpment of the Flaxville plateau, northeastern -
Giant Camels from the Cenozoic of North America SERIES PUBLICATIONS of the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Giant Camels from the Cenozoic of North America SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the H^arine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that refXJrt the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the worid. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover.