Klimaanalyse Für Die Stadtplanung Climate Analysis for Urban Planning Proceedings of a Japanese German Meeting Karlsruhe, September 22-23, 1994
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Technik und Umwelt Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA 5579 Klimaanalyse für die Stadtplanung Climate Analysis for Urban Planning Proceedings of a Japanese German Meeting Karlsruhe, September 22-23, 1994 K. Höschele, M. Moriyama, H. Zimmer mann (Eds.) Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung April1995 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Technik und Umwelt Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA 5579 Klimaanalyse für die Stadtplanung Climate Analysis for Urban Planning Proceedings of a Japanese-German Meeting Karlsruhe, September 22-23, 1994 K. Höschele, M. Moriyama, H. Zimmermann (Eds.) Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Universität Karlsruhe Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe 1995 Als Manuskript gedruckt Für diesen Bericht behalten wir uns alle Rechte vor Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe ISSN 0947-8620 "Klimaanalyse für die Stadtplanung" - A small Japanese-German Meeting - TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... 1 SPECIAL LECTURES: "Klimaanalyse für die Stadtplanung" in various regions Urban Planning in the upper Rhine Valley- The Importallee ofClimatic Aspects .................. 3 K. Höschele The Climatic Analyses in the Ruhr Area ................................................................................ 9 P. Stock Urban Climate and Urban Planning - The Example of Stuttgart - ....................................... 13 J. Baumüller and U. Reuter Numerical Simulation of the Energy Budget in Urban Areas ................................................ 17 F. Fiedler PRESENTATIONS Evaluation ofVentilation Rate in Built-up Area using the Convective Transfer Coe:fficient .. 25 K. Narita, Y. Nonomura and A. Ogasa Field Study on Thermal Environments in some Types of Urban Blocks ................................ 31 A. Y oshida, M. Moriyama and H. Miyazaki Potentials and Limits of a Satellite-based Urban Climatology ................................................ * E.Parlow The Variation ofMean Flow and Turbulence over a Small Escarpment ............................... 37 S. Erneis A Predictive Model ofUrban Climate for the Land Utilization ............................................. 43 Y. Ashie and Y. Kodama One- and Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Atmosphere in an Urban Area ............ 47 J. Tsutsumi, T. Katayama and M. Oguro Urban Boundary Layer- A Case Study -............................................................................. 53 H. Zinunermann The Ecological City Subcomrnittee under the Architectural Institute of Japan, and its Study .......................................... 61 H. Yoda Urban Climate and City Planning - Some Examples in Freiburg i. Brsg .............................. 65 H. Goßmann, S. Ernst, H-P. Thamm Contributions of Sea Breeze and Natural Coverings to Air Temperature Distribution in a Seaside City ................................................... 71 T. Katayama, A. Ishii, T. Hayashi and J. Tsutsumi Waste Heat from Space Cooling Systems - Do the Cooling Systems for Buildings Promote the Urban Heat-Island? - ............ 77 M. Mizuno, S. Kametani and Y. Shimoda * papernot available Kobe Ecological Architecture Started - The Outline ofProject and Awaiting Salutions- .................................................. 83 T. Nakashima Planning and Field Measurements ofHeating and Cooling System utilizing Natural Energy for K Plaza Building ......................................................... 87 S. Horikawa Survey of Outdoor Air Temperature Distribution on the Site of Exposition .......................... 93 Y. Shimoda and M. Mizuno Vertical Temperature and Humidity Profiles in Osaka City and Its Effect on Air-conditioning Load .................................................................. 99 H. Y oshida and I. Y amamoto Heat Flux above the Roof of a Building by Turbulent Measurements ................................. 105 T. Hashimoto, Y. Nakamura and Y. Nakamura Urban Precipitation Patterns in the Rhine-Ruhr-Area (Germany) ....................................... 111 M. Schütz Urban Warking Day/Weekend Variations ofClimatic Elements with Focus on Heavy Summer Rains ..................................................................... 115 F. Fezer Difference of Urban Effects of Climate in Kyoto City between a Weekday and a Holiday .. 119 Y. Nakamura, T. Hashimoto and Y. Nakamura Field Study on Green Canopy as Urban Cool-spot.. ........................................................... 125 H. Miyazaki, M. Moriyama and A. Yoshida A Simple Prediction Model of Air Temperature on the Inside of Street Canyon and Green Canopy ................................................. 131 M. Moriyama, T. Kaneko and T. Seko City Planning and Urban Climate- the Example ofKamiohoka, Yokohama City- ............. 137 H. Watanabe Preliminary Climatic Study of the Karlsruhe Area, Part I: UBIKLIM, a Tool for Climatologically-Related Planning in Urban Environment...143 A. Grätz and G. Jendritzky Preliminary Climatic Study ofthe Karlsruhe Area, Part II: Wind Field and Drainage Flow ............................................................................. 149 G. Schädler List ofParticipants ........................................................................................................... 153 - 1 - PREFACE For nearly ten years lively contacts have been maintained between the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at the Kobe University, Japan, and the Institut für Meteorologie und Klima forschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Universität Karlsruhe (IMK). The idea of organizing a scientific meeting under the heading "Klimaanalyse für die Stadtplanung" with an increased atten dance bad been conceived in that cooperation by Dr. Moriyama during bis 10 months stay at the IMK. The meeting took place in Karlsruhe on September 22 and 23, 1994. About 40 participants, among them 18 from Japan, attended the event which bad been organized by Prof. K. Höschele, IMK, Dr. M. Moriyama, Kobe, with assistance by H. Zimmermann, IMK, and H. Miyazaki, Sanda, Hyogo. There have been remarkable developments in climate analysis in recent years. They make evident that this topic commands particular interest, both in the research sector and in practical planning. Considering the general increase in environmental consciousness, it is required to a growing extent to take into account the specific climatic conditions of the region or of the site in planning towns, Settlements or individual buildings. The climate and the conditions of life aredifferent in Japanandin Central Europe; but the growing number of similar environmental problems and the development of similar scientific tools to analyse and to tackle these problems, are promising preconditions for a Japanese-German cooperation. Several participants of this meeting bad already attended preceding conferences and symposia: "Climate-Building-Housing", Karlsruhe University, 1986, "Urban Climate, Planning and Building", Kyoto, 1989, "Planning Applications of Urban and Building Climatology", Berlin, 1991 and CUTEST'92, Tohwa University, Fukuoka. Now they used the opportunity oftbis meeting to report on the current state oftheir studies and to present new results. The issues of "Klimaanalyse für die Stadtplanung" have been presented in 14 papers and 14 po sters. The afternoon of the first day of the meeting was devoted to four detailed review papers, the second day to shorter presentations and poster discussions. The individual topics were related to: • Measurements in the urban boundary layer. • Means of satellite assisted remote sensing in urban climatology. • Numerical simulations of atmospheric processes in urban and rural areas. • Methods of classifying the climatic conditions in towns. • Influences of the mesoclimate on urban planning. • Legal requirements concerning urban planning. • Energy exchange between buildings and their environment. • Impacts of urban settlements on the distribution of precipitation. • Practical implementation of climatological knowledge in urban planning. With the publication of all available papers and posters presented at the meeting we intend to address a larger community and to give incentives to do research work, apply knowledge of climato logy, and promote communication at an international level. We are gratefully appreciating the cooperation by the authors. -2- Further we would like to thank all individuals and institutions for their support and for the contri butions to the success of this meeting, in particular: Universität Karlsruhe- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Study Group "City Climate of Osaka", supported by the Building Research Institute, Japanese Ministry of Construction, Study Group "Ecological City"/Committee ofthe Architectural Institute of Japan. Karlsruhe, October 1994 K. Höschele M. Moriyama H. Zimmermann - 3- URBAN PLANNING IN THE UPPER RHINE VALLEY THE IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATIC ASPECTS Karl Höschele Institut fiir Meteorologie und Klimaforschung Universität Karlsruhe/F orschungszentrum Karlsruhe ABSTRACT The upper Rhine Valley from Basle in the South to Strasbourg, Karlsruhe and Mannheim in the northem part belongs to three countries, Switzerland, France and Germany. Scientists of these countries are collaborating within a Regional Climate Program (REKLIP) in a thorough climatic study of this geographical unit. The structure of the valley, forming a flat trench or "Graben", roughly in a South-North direction,