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The the Roadable Aircraft Story

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The the Roadable Aircraft Story www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org Table of Contents What Next, Slide/s Part Description Flying Cars? 1N/ATitle 2 N/A Table of Contents 3~53 1 The Holy Grail 54~101 2 Learning to Fly The 102~155 3 The Challenge 156~194 4 Two Types Roadable 195~317 5 One Way or Another 318~427 6 Between the Wars Aircraft 428~456 7 The War Years 457~572 8 Post-War Story 573~636 9 Back to the Future 1 637~750 10 Next Generation 2 Part 1 Exceeding the Grasp The Holy Grail 3 4 “Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp, or what’s a heaven f?for? Robert Browning, Poet Above: caption: “The Cars of Tomorrow - 1958 Pontiac” Left: a “Flying Auto,” as featured on the 5 cover of Mechanics and Handi- 6 craft magazine, January 1937 © J.M. Syken 1 www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org Above: for decades, people have dreamed of flying cars. This con- ceptual design appeared in a ca. 1950s issue of Popular Mechanics The Future That Never Was magazine Left: cover of the Dec. 1947 issue of the French magazine Sciences et Techniques Pour Tous featur- ing GM’s “RocAtomic” Hovercar: “Powered by atomic energy, this vehicle has no wheels and floats a few centimeters above the road.” Designers of flying cars borrowed freely from this image; from 7 the giant nacelles and tail 8 fins to the bubble canopy. Tekhnika Molodezhi (“Tech- nology for the Youth”) is a Russian monthly science ma- gazine that’s been published since 1933. Like its U.S. and French counterparts (i.e Pop- ular Mechanics and Le Petite Journal) the magazine is fam- ous for its spectacular cov- ers, often depicting scenes from an imagined future. At left, the Soviet flying car - 1960 style. 9 10 Above: caption: “Flying car, according to Soviet designers, 1967” Left: caption: “MAI Russian flying car concept line-up from 1955” 11 12 © J.M. Syken 2 www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org Above, a futuristic gas station for flying cars and at left, the flying car culture of the future – from the book Sentinel, by futurist Syd Mead 13 14 15 16 17 18 © J.M. Syken 3 www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org Above: caption: “The Sky Commuter (ca. 1990).” Developed by Boeing in the 1980s, for just $71,500 you could own the Sky Commuter concept car. Powered by a gas-turbine engine linked to helicopter-like driveshafts, the Sky Commuter was to be an alternative to the plane-strapped-to-car designs of the previous decades. Boeing spent $6 million developing the concept, but it never went into 19 20 production. “Here we are, less than a month until the turn of the millennium, and what I want to know is, what happened to the flying cars? We’re about to become Americans of the 21st century. People have been predicting what we'd be like for more than 100 years, and our accoutrements don’t entirely live up to expectations…Our failure to produce flying cars seems like a particular betrayal since it was so central to our image.” Gail Collins, Journalist (December 1999) 21 22 Above L&R: present-day (2015) “Hovercar” concepts (by Donvitoart) Trial and Error Above: “The March of Progress” (as it appeared in a 1952 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine) 23 24 © J.M. Syken 4 www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org Above L&R: caption: “The M400 Skycar.” The Skycar VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) is termed a “flying car,” this despite the fact that it’s not intended for road travel. It is the life’sworkofinventorPaul Moller - a Canadian engineer and university professor, Moller is the creator of the “Supertrapp” In 2003, the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)filed exhaust popular with motorcyclists. His Skycar has short a civil fraud action against Moller International for selling wings and uses four turbine engines (for both lift and unregistered shares of stock directly to the public via the propulsion) and is expected to have a cruising speed of 275 internet, raising approximately $5.1 million from more than mph and a top speed of 375 mph. A full-size model test flight 500 investors nationwide. A $50K fine was imposed on the first took place in 1967 (a demonstration flight sched- 25 fledgling company for “making unsubstantiated 26 uled for October 2011 was cancelled). claims” about the Skycar. Flying Ferrari 27 28 “It’s an idea that’s never really taken off, despite featuring in countless books and films. But the flying car could become a reality in two years, claim its makers. Called the Autovolantor, it is being marketed as the perfect way for the rich and famous to avoid traffic jams, simply by taking to the skies. Its creators say it will cost £500,000 and allow drivers to reach speeds of 100 mph on the ground and 150 mph in the air. Designer Bruce Calkins says the car, based on the £200,000 Ferrari 599 GTB, will be powered by eight fans mounted in its fuselage. He said: ‘On the ground these fans push the vehicle around with a firm but not-too-powerful thrust of deflected air. Once in the air the vehicle maneuvers like a helicopter, tilting nose down to move forward, rolling right or left for changes in direction. While maximum altitude could be much higher, the energy to obtain altitudes above 5,000 feet would be significant so we expect it to stay below that height.’ Mr. Calkins said the car will run on a hybrid fuel and electric system to power the thrusters, creating as much as 800 horsepower. He believes it will be able to travel for 75 miles by air or 150 miles by ground before it needs refueling. As yet, the design is in its infancy and only a tiny scale model exists…” Daily Mail, November 3rd 2008 29 30 © J.M. Syken 5 www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org “…Mr. Calkins added: ‘At first we were very skeptical that we could adapt a ground-vehicle with our tech- nologies and make it work. But the model allowed us to verify quickly that it could in fact be done.’ The ambitious project was launched at aircraft designers Moller Int’l. in the U.S. after the company received a request to design the vehicle from a wealthy businessman who found the commute from the center of Moscow to his country home would often be delayed by congestion. For decades Dr. Paul Moller, the company’s fou- nder and president, has dreamt of achieving a workable combination of ground and air transport. But despite the backing of a wealthy investor, he has yet to produce any practical real- 31 world drive-and-fly vehicles…” 32 Daily Mail, November 3rd 2008 “…Dr. Moller concedes it may require a few tweaks to the Highway Code before the Autovolantor is allowed to hit the high street, saying: ‘It seems that it might be practical in some parts of the world, but in our view a roadable aircraft, rather than a flying car, is still more practical for the greatest number of people. The Autovolantor is technically possible, but flying it in many cities is not going to be politically acceptable until it has been deployed successfully in other roles and environments. Practical or not, it excites the imagination to think about being able to rise vertically out of a traffic jam and just go.’” Daily Mail, November 3rd 2008 Left: caption: “The ‘Autovolantor’ used a specially designed hybrid fuel and “This new millennium sucks! It’s exactly the same as the old millennium! electric system and could reach altitudes of up to 5,000-feet” You know why? No flying cars!” Right: caption: “Creator Moller hopes the car could be available in just two 33 Lewis Black, Comedian (ca. 2001) 34 years, but the asking price of £500,000 could put a few off” Above:inventorPaul Moller poses with his prototype flying car fleet Flying cars have made their presence known in popular culture since the 19th Century. In the 20th Century, they were particularly prominent in science fiction films. For example, the 1977 sci-fi classic Star Wars features a “Land- speeder,” which hovers just above the ground. “Air-speeders” can be seen in all three Star Wars sequels, from 1999’s The Phantom Menace onward. They’re featured prominently in Attack of the Clones, where an early chase At the Movies sequence involves flying cars. In 2005’s Revenge of the Sith, the char- acter Bail Organa rides a retro-futuristic vehicle that, apart from its impressive flying abilities, resembles a 1950s-style automobile. A “Spinner” is the generic term for the fictional flying cars used in Blade Runner (1982). Set in a futur- istic Los Angeles of 2019, a spinner can be driven as a car and/or take-off vert- 35 ically, hover and cruise using 36 jet propulsion. © J.M. Syken 6 www.PDHcenter.com www.PDHonline.org In the film, Spinners are used extensively by the police to patrol and survey the population. The vehicle was conceived and designed by Syd Mead, who described the Spinner as an “aerodyne” - a vehicle which directs air downward to create lift (press kits for Blade Runner stated that the spinner was propelled by three engines: conventional internal combustion, jet and anti-gravity). Mead’s conceptual drawings were transformed into twenty-five working vehicles by automobile custom- izer Gene Winfield. A Spinner is on permanent exhibit at the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame in Seattle, WA.
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