Selected Timelines of Computer Animation and Visual Effects
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Selected Timelines of Computer Animation and Visual Effects This handout contains a selection Visual Effects Movies of computer animation and effects timelines and milestones between 1970 and 2002. Animated 2D/3D Feature Movies Each of the categories is color-coded. The live action feature movies with computer-generated visual effects appear in green. Independent Shorts Winners of the AMPAS award for visual effects are marked with an asterisk, the runners-up are listed right next to it. In magenta are animated feature movies, most of which include three-dimen- sional computer animation. Independent productions and short computer animations are in blue boxes. (Four additional categories that can be found in the book are not For additional information visit: included here: Video and Computer Games, Computer Technology www.artof3d.com and Industry Events, Related Technologies and Events, and Television Programs.) The Art of 3D Computer Animation and Effects SELECTIONS FROM KERLOW’S “THE ART OF 3D COMPUTER ANIMATION AND EFFECTS” WWW.ARTOF©3 D2004.COM Isaac• ALL Kerlow RIGHTS RESERVED 1970s Timeline of Computer Animation and Visual Effects Page 2 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 Categories Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: (No AMPAS Visual Visual Effects Movies: Tora! Tora! Tora! * Bedknobs and The Poseidon Effects Award given Earthquake * VFX Movies Patton Broomsticks * Adventure * this year). (only nominee) Other Movies w/VFX: When Dinosaurs (only nominee) Visual Effects Movies: Other Movies w/VFX: Animated Features Airport Ruled the Earth The Exorcist Chinatown Heavy Traffic by Ralph Independent Shorts M*A*S*H Other Movies w/VFX: Westworld The Towering Inferno Silent Running Bakshi Young Frankenstein The Savage Planet by Fritz the Cat by Ralph René Laloux Hunger by Peter Bakshi Foldes, National Film Warner Bros. and Board of Canada. Animated Faces, by Hanna-Barbera’s Fred I. Parke at Charlotte’s Web University of Utah 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: The Hindenburg * King Kong * Star Wars * Superman * Alien * (only nominee) and Logan’s Run * Close Encounters of (only nominee) The Black Hole Other Movies w/VFX: (dual award) the Third Kind Other Movies w/VFX: Moonraker / 1941 Jaws Other Movies w/VFX: Capricorn One Star Trek–The Motion Airport ‘77 Picture The Spy Who Loved The Lord of the Rings Other Movies w/VFX: Me by Ralph Bakshi Apocalypse Now Voyager animated Galaxy Express 999, simulations of space animé by Rintaro and exploration by Jim Kon Ichikawa Blinn at Jet Propulsion Hayao Miyazaki’s The Lab. Castle of Cagliostro. SELECTIONS FROM KERLOW’S “THE ART OF 3D COMPUTER ANIMATION AND EFFECTS” WWW.ARTOF3D.COM • ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Early 1980s Timeline of Computer Animation and Visual Effects Page 3 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Categories Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: The Empire Strikes Raiders of the Lost E.T. the Extra- Return of the Jedi * Indiana Jones and the VFX Movies Back * Ark * Terrestrial * (only nominee) Temple of Doom * (only nominee) Dragonslayer Blade Runner Octopussy Ghostbusters Animated Features Other Movies w/VFX: Other Movies w/VFX: Poltergeist 2010 Escape from New York An American Werewolf Other Movies w/VFX: Fire and Ice by Ralph Independent Shorts Nausicaä of the Valley Battle Beyond the in London Firefox Bakshi. of the Wind by Hayao Stars Clash of the Titans Star Trek II–The Growth: Mysterious Miyazaki. Xanadu Looker Wrath of Kahn Galaxy, the first in a TRON series of semi-abstract Bio-Sensor created at The Empire Strikes Looker, becomes first animations by artist- Osaka University and Back takes “effects film featuring the first TRON is first live programmer Yoichiro Toyo Links, is an early movies” to a new level virtual actor, “Cindy,” action film with over Kawaguchi. example of modeling of complexity and made from simulated 20 minutes of 3D with blobby surfaces accomplishment. body scans of actress computer animation. and figure locomotion. Paul Grimault’s Le roi Susan Dey. ILM’s Genesis Effect Still Life Etude, an et l’oiseaux (The King The Secret of Nimh, created for Star Trek early simulation of and Mr. Bird). by Bluth Productions II, is the first all com- light, fog, rain, and puter-animated visual Vol Libre, animation American Pop by skies created at effects movie shot. of fractal landscapes Ralph Bakshi Hiroshima University. by Loren Carpenter Jim Henson creates Trailer for The Works, The Dark Crystal with an unfinished New puppetry, stop motion York Institute of and animatronics. Technology movie. Le maitres du temps by René Laloux Non-Edge Cloud and Smoke Simulations by Geoffrey Gardner at Grumman Data Systems Carla’s Island by Nelson Max at the Lawrence Livermore National Lab SELECTIONS FROM KERLOW’S “THE ART OF 3D COMPUTER ANIMATION AND EFFECTS” WWW.ARTOF3D.COM • ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Late 1980s Timeline of Computer Animation and Visual Effects Page 4 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Categories Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Cocoon * Aliens * Innerspace * Who Framed Roger The Abyss * VFX Movies Return to Oz Little Shop of Horrors Predator Rabbit * The Adventures of Young Sherlock Other VFX Movies: Die Hard Baron Munchausen Animated Features Akira by Katsuhiro Holmes Flight of the Navigator Willow Back to the Future Otomo popularizes Other VFX Movies: Part II Independent Shorts animé, feature-length Who Framed Roger The Last Starfighter In Disney’s The Great Other VFX Movies: sci-fi Japanese anima- Rabbit breaks new Back to the Future Mouse Detective the Indiana Jones and the tion, with international ground by combining moving gears in the Last Crusade The Last Starfighter audiences. live actors with ani- chase sequence are Field of Dreams created with a Cray created with 3D com- mated characters. Stanley and Stella: Ghostbusters II supercomputer at puter animation. Many cars in Disney’s Digital Productions, Breaking the Ice by The Abyss includes Oliver & Company are first live action feature Laputa: Castle in the Symbolics Graphics first convincing 3D 3D CGI models. film with realistic com- Sky by H. Miyazaki and Whitney Demo character animation. Productions, early puter animation. An American Tail by My Neighbor Totoro flock animation The Little Mermaid is Don Bluth by Hayao Miyazaki The Black Cauldron, Disney’s last film to Red's Dream by Pixar first Disney animated Jim Henson’s Labyrinth Stop motion, puppetry use traditional ink and and live action in Jan paint, CG closing shot. feature film to use 3D Baloon Guy by Chris CG technology John Lasseter’s Luxo Svankmajer’s Alice Jr. nominated in Wedge at Ohio State Kiki’s Delivery Service Brilliance commercial AMPAS Animated University The Land Before Time by Hayao Miyazaki by Don Bluth opens in Japan. by Abel and Associates Short Films category. Rendezvous in features sexy female Montreal by Nadia Graveyard of the All Dogs Go to robot with convincing The still image Road to Point Reyes redefines Magnenant Thalmann Fireflies by animé Heaven by Don Bluth realistic motion. and team. director Isao Takahata realism by compositing Knickknack by Pixar, Growth III by Yoichiro graftals and fractals to Pixar’s Tin Toy by Don’t Touch Me by Kawaguchi portray a landscape. John Lasseter and Kleiser-Walczak, early Tony de Peltrie by Visitor on a Foggy William Reeves wins motion capture char- Pierre Lachapelle and Night by the CG AMPAS award. acter animation team. Research Group at Technological Threat Preview of NYIT’s The Hiroshima University by William Kroyer and Works, The Little Brian Jennings Death by Matt Elson at Symbolics, Eurythmy Locomotion, a Pacific by Susan Amkraut and Data Images short, Michael Girard early example of 3D squash-and-stretch. The Sky, simulations of light and skies at Hiroshima University. SELECTIONS FROM KERLOW’S “THE ART OF 3D COMPUTER ANIMATION AND EFFECTS” WWW.ARTOF3D.COM • ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Early 1990s Timeline of Computer Animation and Visual Effects Page 5 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Categories Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Visual Effects Movies: Total Recall * Terminator II: Death Becomes Her * Jurassic Park * Forrest Gump * VFX Movies (only nominee) Judgment Day * Aliens 3 Cliffhanger The Mask Other VFX Movies: Backdraft Batman Returns The Nightmare Before True Lies Animated Features Back to the Future III Hook Other VFX Movies: Christmas Other VFX Movies: Die Hard 2: Die Harder Other VFX Movies: The Flintstones Independent Shorts Other VFX Movies: Bram Stoker’s Dracula Dick Tracy Star Trek VI The Lawnmower Man The Fugitive Speed Ghost The wildebeest stam- The Hunt for Red Terminator II is the Early 1990s defined by Jurassic Park sets new October first mainstream block- succesful revival of live standards for realism, pede in Disney’s The buster movie with action feature movies inverse kinematics and Lion King is a tour de Disney’s The Rescuers multiple morphing with visual effects. digital compositing. force in the integration Down Under, first of traditional with 3D effects and simulated Tim Burton’s The Disney animated fea- natural human motion. Aladdin is Disney’s first computer animation. ture film done entirely use of fully computer- Nightmare Before with the first version The animated camera animated character and Christmas takes stop Jan Svankmajer’s Faust of the CAPS System in Disney’s Beauty and 3D organic surfaces. motion to new heights Thumbelina by Don The Beast travels in and becomes a classic. Bluth Hanna-Barbera’s 3D space; first animat- Porco Rosso by Hayao Jetsons: The Movie Miyazaki Computer animation ed film nominated for Listerine Arrows TV includes computer-ani- for Babylon 5 TV AMPAS Best Picture. commercial by Pixar mated vehicles and Kroyer Films’ hand- series is produced with drawn environments.