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23 De Febrero De 2021 ANTE EL HONORABLE TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL ESTABLECIDO AL AMPARO DEL CAPÍTULO XI DEL TRATADO DE LIBRE COMERCIO DE AMÉRICA DEL NORTE (TLCAN) ODYSSEY MARINE EXPLORATION, INC. (DEMANDANTE) C. ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS (DEMANDADA) (CASO CIADI No. UNCT/20/1) MEMORIAL DE CONTESTACIÓN POR LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS: Orlando Pérez Gárate Director General de Consultoría Jurídica de Comercio Internacional Secretaría de Economía ASISTIDO POR: Secretaría de Economía Laura Mejía Hernández Alan Bonfiglio Ríos Antonio Nava Gómez Francisco Diego Pacheco Román Rafael Alejandro Augusto Arteaga Farfán Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP Stephan E. Becker David Stute Tereposky & De Rose Greg Tereposky Alejandro Barragán 23 de febrero de 2021 Índice Glosario .......................................................................................................................................... ix I. INTRODUCCIÓN ...............................................................................................................1 II. HECHOS..............................................................................................................................4 A. Las actividades de Odyssey .....................................................................................5 1. Las subsidiarias de Odyssey ........................................................................8 2. AHMSA, el Sr. Ancira y los socios comerciales de Odyssey en el proyecto Don Diego ............................................................................9 3. Financiamiento adquirido para el proyecto Don Diego .............................13 a. El financiamiento de Mako Resources ..........................................14 b. El financiamiento de Monaco Financial LLC ................................14 c. El financiamiento de AHMSA MINOSA ......................................15 d. El financiamiento de Epsilon Acquisitions LLC ...........................16 e. El financiamiento de Poplar Drumcliffe ........................................16 B. La industria minera para la extracción de mineral de fosfato ................................17 C. El proyecto Don Diego ..........................................................................................19 D. El Golfo de Ulloa ...................................................................................................23 E. La pesca en el Golfo de Ulloa ................................................................................27 F. La regulación de la minería en México ..................................................................29 1. La concesión minera conforme al sistema jurídico mexicano ...................31 2. Las concesiones mineras de ExO ...............................................................32 G. El derecho soberano de México para regular el medio ambiente y su margen de apreciación para hacerlo ..................................................................35 1. Leyes federales y la participación concurrente de autoridades federales, estatales y municipales en materia ambiental ............................36 2. Reglamentos y Normas Oficiales Mexicanas en materia ambiental ....................................................................................................38 3. Las autoridades nacionales en materia ambiental ......................................39 4. Los tratados internacionales celebrados por México en materia ambiental ....................................................................................................40 a. Derecho humano al medio ambiente..............................................40 b. Compromisos internacionales adoptados por México ........................................................................................................41 i 5. Los principios rectores de la legislación ambiental internacinoalmente reconocidos .................................................................42 a. Principio de Prevención .................................................................42 b. Principio Precautorio .....................................................................42 H. La autorización en materia de impacto ambiental .................................................42 1. La solicitud de autorización en materia de impacto ambiental y la MIA .....................................................................................................43 2. El procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental .............................44 a. Solicitud de opiniones técnicas ......................................................44 b. Consulta pública.............................................................................45 c. Resolución sobre la evaluación de impacto ambiental ........................................................................................................45 I. El procedimiento de responsabilidad de servidores públicos ................................47 1. Estructura jerárquica de la SEMARNAT ..................................................47 2. La DGIRA y la toma de decisiones para emitir las Autorizaciones de Impacto Ambiental.......................................................49 3. Procedimiento ante el Órgano Interno de Control .....................................52 a. El a denunciar cualquier irregularidad ...................................................................54 b. Los con el contenido de las resoluciones firmadas y rubricadas .....................................................................59 4. Investigaciones en contra del .......................................60 5. La renuncia de los ...........................64 J. La Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental presentada por ExO en 2014........................................................................................................................66 1. Las opiniones técnicas sobre la MIA 2014 ................................................66 2. La denuncia popular en contra del Proyecto ..............................................72 3. La consulta pública de 2014 ......................................................................73 4. Las preocupaciones de la DGIRA..............................................................75 5. La información adicional de ExO y el retiro de la MIA 2014 ...................78 6. Las reuniones entre ExO y SEMARNAT ..................................................80 ii K. La Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental presentada por ExO en 2015........................................................................................................................82 1. La consulta pública de 2015 ......................................................................84 2. Las opiniones técnicas sobre la MIA 2015 ................................................85 a. Las preocupaciones de la CONANP ..............................................86 b. Las preocupaciones de ONGs ........................................................88 c. Las preocupaciones de universidades y centros científicos .......................................................................................89 d. Las preocupaciones de autoridades nacionales ..............................91 e. Las preocupaciones de habitantes y pescadores de Comundú ........................................................................................93 f. Las preocupaciones de organismos internacionales ......................94 3. Las preocupaciones de la DGIRA sobre la MIA 2015 ..............................95 4. La información adicional presentada por ExO sobre la MIA 2015............................................................................................................97 5. Las reuniones entre ExO y SEMARNAT ..................................................98 L. La Resolución de la DGIRA de 2016 ..................................................................100 1. La DGIRA contó con elementos suficientes para determinar que la MIA 2015 no podía ser autorizada ................................................100 2. Es falso que el Secretario Pacchiano haya instruido que la MIA 2015 fuera negada ....................................................................................108 3. Los “proyectos” de resolución de la DGIRA carecen de valor jurídico .....................................................................................................108 4. El Director General de la DGIRA fue el responsable final de la resolución de 2016 ...............................................................................111 M. La Resolución del 7 de abril de 2016 y las impugnaciones de ExO ....................113 1. El Recurso de Revisión 74/2016 ..............................................................113 2. El Juicio de Nulidad: Sentencia del TFJA del 21 de marzo de 2018..........................................................................................................115 3. Alcance y sentido de la decisión del TFJA: es falso que a la DGIRA se le haya ordenado emitir una resolución favorable para ExO ..................................................................................................116 4. La DGIRA dio cumplimiento a lo ordenado por el TFJA .......................118 iii N. La Resolución de la DGIRA de 2018 y el procedimiento administrativo iniciado y aún pendiente ante el TFJA.........................................118 1. .................................................................................124 2. El TFJA constató que la DGIRA cumplió con su sentencia (Resolución al recurso de queja) ..............................................................125
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