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2014, numero 46 Spagna contemporanea EDIZIONI DELL’ORSO ISTITUTO DI STUDI STORICI GAETANO SALVEMINI 2014, anno XXIII n. 46 Spagna contemporanea EDIZIONI DELL’ORSO ISTITUTO DI STUDI STORICI GAETANO SALVEMINI Indice Saggi e ricerche Silvia Gregorio Sáinz El obispo de Santander en la prensa británica en 1808: un segui- miento inusual 7 Francisco Carantoña Álvarez 1820, una revolución mediterránea. El impacto en España de los acontecimientos de Portugal, Italia y Grecia 21 Marco Cipolloni Rendita, neutralità e propaganda: il contributo spagnolo all’im- magine cinematografica internazionale della Grande guerra 41 Xavier Iturralde José María de Semprún Gurrea, católico y republicano 127 Francesc Vilanova i Vila-Abadal ¿Colaboracionistas catalanes? Antifranquismo y franquismo en la Cataluña de posguerra (1939-1947) 145 Rassegne e note Rafael Serrano García Historia de las historias de España. A propósito del volumen XII de la Historia de España 173 Alfonso Botti Derechas nacionalistas e Iglesia en la Europa católica de entre- guerras: el caso francés, italiano, español y portugués desde una perspectiva comparada 185 Per Annibale Vasile 209 Recensioni Una nuova protagonista della Grande guerra (Marcella Aglietti) 211 Intellettuali spagnoli e Grande guerra: quando furono sconfitti anche i sostenitori dei vincitori (Alfonso Botti) 213 Quando la storiografia può cambiare la memoria collettiva: considera- zioni su «l’altra Chiesa» tra Seconda Repubblica e Guerra civile spa- gnola (Mireno Berrettini) 217 Por una historia social del anticlericalismo (Ramiro Trullén Floría) 219 La percepción del franquismo más allá de adhesiones y condenas (Juan Antonio Santana González) 222 Los excombatientes de la Guerra civil y el fascismo español (Francisco Morente) 225 Antimodernos y nacionalcatólicos: la Universidad franquista a debate (Alejandro Pérez-Olivares) 229 Reflexiones sobre la cuestión moral del franquismo (Javier Muñoz Soro) 233 La historicidad de la democracia y el largo camino hacia la ciudadanía en España (Pau López Clavel) 237 La questione catalana secondo Xavier Vidal-Folch (Steven Forti) 243 La Transición televisada (Iris Pasqual Gutiérrez, Darío Diez Miguel) 245 Schede I. Generali F.J. Ramón Solans, «La Virgen del Pilar dice...»: usos políticos y nacio- nales de un culto mariano en la España contemporánea (F. Naldi) 249 II. Fino al ’98 S. Forner Muñoz, Canalejas. Un Liberal reformista (G. Demarchi) 250 III. 1898-1931 M. Unamuno, L’agonia dell’Europa. Scritti sulla Grande guerra (L. Quaranta) 252 IV. 1931-1939 H. Purcell, Ph. Smith, The last English Revolutionary. Tom Wintringham, 1898-1949 (M. Puppini) 253 V. 1939-1975 A. Camps, Italia en la prensa periódica durante el franquismo (V. Peña); A. Blas Minguez Anaya, Los campos de Argelés, St. Cyprien y Barcarés. 1939-1942. Arena, viento, frio, hambre, sudor, soledad y muerte de los re- publicanos españoles en las playas del sur de Francia (M. Puppini); F. Leira Castiñeira, La consolidación social del franquismo. La influencia de la guerra en los «soldados de Franco» (P. Mera-Costas); S. Cayuela, Por la grandeza de la patria. La biopolítica en la España de Franco (C.H. Burgos) 255 VI. Dal 1975 J. Cercas, El impostor (F. Bertolini) 264 Abstracts (a cura di M. Aglietti ed E. Errico) 267 Hanno collaborato 275 Notizia redazionale “Spagna contemporanea” adotta ufficialmente il sistema di valutazione scientifica degli ar- ticoli che le vengono sottoposti, conosciuto internazionalmente come peer-reviewing. Ciò si- gnifica che tutti i testi che ci vengono proposti per un’eventuale pubblicazione nella sezione Saggi e ricerche verranno inviati in lettura “cieca” — ossia senza indicarne l’Autrice/Autore — a due specialisti della materia (referees), uno esterno alla cerchia dei collaboratori e uno interno. Entro sessanta giorni, l’Autrice/Autore verrà informato dal Coordinatore della Redazione sul parere emesso dagli esperti, e sulle eventuali modifiche al testo da questi richieste. In caso di pubblicazione, con gli Abstracts compariranno i nomi degli esperti che hanno espresso parere favorevole. In caso di parere negativo, l’Autrice/Autore sarà informato della motivazione che ha portato al rifiuto, senza venire a conoscenza dei nomi dei referees. I testi vanno redatti secondo le norme editoriali pubblicate sul sito www.spagnacontemporanea.it. “Spagna contemporanea” è segnalata sistematicamente nei sotto elencati registri di catalo- gazione: Bibliografia storica nazionale, Catalogo italiano dei periodici/Ancp, Dialnet, Essper, Google Scholar, Historical Abstracts. Noticia de la redacción “Spagna contemporanea” adopta oficialmente el sistema de valoración científica de los ar- tículos recibidos para su publicación, conocido internacionalmente como peer-reviewing. Por lo tanto, todos los textos propuestos para la sección Saggi e ricerche serán enviados para una “lectura ciega” — es decir, sin indicar el Autor/Autora — a dos especialistas de la materia (re- ferees), uno externo al grupo de colaboradores de la revista y otro interno. En un plazo de sesenta días, el Autor/Autora será informado por el Coordinador de la Re- dacción sobre el juicio de los evaluadores y sus eventuales propuestas de modificación del texto. Si el artículo es publicado, junto con los Abstracts aparecerán los nombres de los expertos que han emitido su informe favorable. En caso de juicio negativo, el Autor/Autora será informado so- bre los motivos que han llevado al rechazo, manteniéndose anónima la identidad de los referees. La redaccion de los textos tiene que ajustarse a las normas de editing que se encuentran en www.spagnacontemporanea.it. “Spagna contemporanea” es recogida sistemáticamente en los siguientes repertorios y bases de datos bibliográficas: Bibliografia storica nazionale, Catalogo italiano dei periodici/Ancp, Dialnet, Essper, Google Scholar, Historical Abstracts. Editorial notice “Spagna contemporanea” implements the scientific evaluation system of the received articles internationally known as peer-reviewing. This means that all the texts we receive for publication in the Saggi e ricerche section will be sent for blind review — i.e. without indicating their Author — to two experts (referees), one belonging to our Editorial board, the other being an outsider. When the sixty-days term expires, the Author will be informed by the Editorial Board Co- ordinator of the experts’ evaluation and, if so required, of any proposed changes. In case of pub- lication, the names of the experts who approved the article will appear on the Abstracts. In case of negative evaluation, the Author will be informed of the reason for the rejection, but not of the names of the referees. Papers should be prepared in accordance with editorial guidelines posted on the website www.spagnacontemporanea.it. “Spagna contemporanea” is covered by the following abstracting/indexing services: Biblio- grafia storica nazionale, Catalogo italiano dei periodici/Ancp, Dialnet, Essper, Google Scholar, Historical Abstracts. Saggi e ricerche EL OBISPO DE SANTANDER EN LA PRENSA BRITANICA EN 1808: UN SEGUIMIENTO INUSUAL Silvia Gregorio Sáinz 1. Planteamiento general En la primavera de 1808, los sucesivos levantamientos que se produje- ron en la península ibérica contra la invasión napoleónica tuvieron un gran impacto en Gran Bretaña. La euforia generalizada por la causa española y la necesidad del gobierno de conseguir el favor de la opinión pública para sus operaciones en el exterior llevó a la prensa británica a incluir en sus números secciones especiales donde se publicaba toda la información rela- cionada con España a la que las redacciones tenían acceso, desde copias traducidas al inglés de gacetas españolas y de proclamas de las Juntas pro- vinciales, hasta cartas oficiales y privadas, entre otros documentos. Gra- cias a la exhaustividad y el esfuerzo de una gran parte de los periódicos británicos por mantener informados a sus lectores acerca del conflicto pe- ninsular, ha sido posible localizar en los mismos numerosas referencias al territorio de la actual comunidad de Cantabria en el periodo señalado y, en consecuencia, a la persona de la que dependió la suerte de esa provincia en los primeros momentos de la insurrección, el obispo Rafael Tomás Me- néndez de Luarca. Estas referencias poseen un enorme interés para el estudio de la guerra de la Independencia en el territorio cántabro y, en consecuencia, este artí- culo se propone el análisis crítico de las mismas con el objetivo de profun- dizar en la imagen que del obispo de Santander y de su papel en los prime- ros meses del conflicto circulaba en el país aliado. “Spagna contemporanea”, 2014, n. 46, pp. 7-20 Silvia Gregorio Sáinz 2. Breve reseña biográfica del obispo de Santander Rafael Tomás Ménendez de Luarca (1743-1819)1, tercer obispo de la diócesis de Santander (1784), fue uno de los más entusiastas representan- tes del sector conservador y de la ideología reaccionaria de la Iglesia espa- ñola. Su defensa de la religión y de los valores tradicionales de la España del siglo XVI se intensificó tras la toma de la Bastilla en 1789, cuando a los males internos que, a su juicio, acechaban a la religión (entre ellos, la relajación de las costumbres) se unieron las ideas de la Revolución, cuyo contagio intentó impedir sin éxito en Santander por las negativas conse- cuencias que, en su opinión, ello tendría para la religión y la monarquía2. Estas predicciones se materializaron en 1807 con la progresiva entrada de tropas francesas en la península. Esta particular cruzada contra Francia, a la que consideraba origen de todos los males, le llevó a implicarse activamente en los acontecimientos en que España se vio inmersa a partir de 1808 y, en concreto, a ofrecer su apoyo incondicional a los santanderinos que el día 26 de mayo tomaron las armas contra Napoleón3. Un amplio sector del episcopado español se ali- 1. Véase, para un estudio detallado de la actuación de Rafael Tomás Menéndez de Luar- ca durante la guerra de la Independencia, S. Gregorio Sáinz, La figura del Obispo Rafael Tomás Menéndez de Luarca en Santander y su relación con Gran Bretaña durante la Guerra de la Independencia (1808-1814), Trabajo fin de Máster (inédito), Universidad de Oviedo, 2012.
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    CLASS AGAINST CLASS THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE THIRD PERIOD, 1927-1932. By Matthew Worley, BA. Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, August 1998. C TEXT BOUND INTO THE SPINE Acknowledgments This thesis would not have beenpossible without the guidance, encouragementand advice of my supervisorChris Wrigley. Professor Wrigley's encyclopaedicknowledge and ever expanding library madethis project a joy to complete.Closer to home, the loving support and patient encouragementof Louise Aikman kept me focusedand inspired whenever the pressuresof study appearedtoo much to bear. Thanks are also due to Chris, Pete and Simon (for a lifetime's friendship), Scott King (for welcome distractions),Dominic and Andrea (for help and camaraderie), Pete and Kath (for holidays), John (for Manchester),my family (for everything) and Toby Wolfe. ii Contents Abstract iv Abbreviations A Introduction: The Communist Party of Great Britain I in the Third Period Chapter One: A Party in Transition 15 Chapter Two: Towards the Third Period 45 Chapter Three: The New Line 82 Chapter Four: The Party in Crisis 113 Chapter Five: Isolation and Reappraisal 165 Chapter Six: A Communist Culture 206 Chapter Seven: Crisis and Reorganisation 236 Conclusion: The Third Period Reassessed 277 Bibliography 281 iii Abstract This thesis provides an analysisof communismin Britain between 1927 and 1932.In theseyears, the CommunistParty of Great Britain (CPGB) embarkedupon a'new period' of political struggle around the concept of class against class.The increasingly draconianmeasures of the Labour Party and trade union bureaucracybetween 1924 and 1927 significantly restricted the scopeof communist influence within the mainstreamlabour As movement.
  • Say That We Saw Spain Die: British and American Women Writers and the Spanish Civil War Laura A. Hartmann Thesis Submitted to Th

    Say That We Saw Spain Die: British and American Women Writers and the Spanish Civil War Laura A. Hartmann Thesis Submitted to Th

    Say That We Saw Spain Die: British and American Women Writers and the Spanish Civil War Laura A. Hartmann Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In English Thomas M.Gardner, Chair Katrina M. Powell Nicholas Ganson April 23, 2008 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Spanish Civil War, women, writers Copyright 2008, Laura Hartmann Say That We Saw Spain Die: British and American Women Writers and the Spanish Civil War Laura A. Hartmann (ABSTRACT) All of the writers who went to Spain during the Spanish Civil War had to cope with the differentness of Spain, with the fact that it was a foreign experience. How they handled that foreign experience, whether or not they found an entry point where they could cross the border between being an outsider to being an insider, why some writers were able to cross over and others halted: these are aspects of the outside/inside duality that this paper will bring to the surface in some of the writing of the period. The focus will be on the following women writers: Florence Farmborough, Helen Nicholson, Martha Gellhorn, Josephine Herbst, Frances Davis, Valentine Ackland and Sylvia Townsend Warner. This paper will argue that these women writers, although they came to Spain with different purposes – because they identified with Republican ideology, or to warn their home countries of the dangers of Red Spain, or to spur their home countries into action – shared a common struggle in attempting to become insiders to the war in Spain, and succeeded in varying and revealing degrees.