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Gaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS) Environmental Change Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Material Flow Analysis in the long and short term – Gaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS) Simas Dunauskas Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits ISRN: LIU-TEMAM/MPSSD-A--15/001--SE Linköpings Universitet Environmental Change Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Material Flow Analysis in the long and short term – Gaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS) Simas Dunauskas Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits Supervisors: Wisdom Kanda, Joakim Krook, Mattias Lindahl 2014 Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/. Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/her own use and to use it unchanged for non- commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional upon the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its www home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/. © Simas Dunauskas Acknowledgement For the last 6 months I have met so many people who have helped me to make this thesis work a reality. I feel an inner wish to acknowledge them all. I truly share my humble gratitude to all, because without you and your contribution this work would not have been so interesting and successful. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Linköping University and especially to the people from the Department of Management and Engineering. To Associate Professor Joakim Krook for offering to work on this project and his valuable comments and insights while I was preparing for the trip to Botswana. To Wisdom Kanda, who was devoting his free time to guide me through the thesis work and was always there to help. To Mattias Lindahl for valuable comments on how to improve the thesis and support. My extended gratitude goes to the VafabMiljö team and especially to Sandra Lindblom, who helped me with practical issues, was patient with my work progress and was always there to guide me through the GTARS project. A special thanks goes to Gaborone City Council. Notably to Ivan Makati and Phillimon O. Mataela for their willingness to help me with organizing meetings with relevant officers, their hospitality, also for transport arrangements. My warm regards and sincere gratitude goes to IIkka and Mari Nurmia from Kagisano Innovations for their hospitality and invaluable insights they shared with me. I would also like to forward special thanks to: Phillimon Odirile from University of Botswana, Gamodubu landfill manager Kumbulani Hobona, Odirile Monare from Cleaning Wizards, Marion Simon from Leaf Environmental Solutions, Chris Simon from Skip Hire, Moatlhodi Sebabole, Lokwalo C. Manyothwane, Amanda Gaokgethelwe, Emil Andersson and all the others who were not mentioned, but contributed to this work. Thank you beyond measure. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Thesis background ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Overall objective and project goal ............................................................................. 4 1.3 Aim of the thesis ........................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Research questions ..................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Botswana and Gaborone ............................................................................................ 5 1.6 Waste management in Gaborone ............................................................................... 7 1.7 Thesis outline ............................................................................................................. 8 2 Theoretical background ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Material flow analysis ................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Future waste modelling .............................................................................................. 9 2.3 Environmental impacts of waste ending at landfill ................................................. 11 2.3.1 Plastic waste .............................................................................................. 11 2.3.2 Glass .......................................................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Paper and cardboard .................................................................................. 12 2.3.4 Metals ........................................................................................................ 12 2.4 A “Zero Waste” concept .......................................................................................... 13 3 Method .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Methods used for data collection ............................................................................. 15 3.1.1 Method used for the first research question............................................... 15 3.1.2 Method used for the second research question .......................................... 16 3.1.3 Method used for the third research question ............................................. 16 3.1.4 Method used for the fourth research question ........................................... 16 3.2 Methods used for data analysis ................................................................................ 16 3.2.1 Method used for waste quantities analysis ................................................ 17 3.2.2 Method used for waste composition analysis ............................................ 17 3.2.3 Method used for identifying main waste generators ................................. 17 3.2.4 Method used for future waste projection ................................................... 18 3.2.5 Method used for analyzing recycling in Gaborone ................................... 18 4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Waste quantities ....................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 Waste generation rate analysis using collected data from Department of Waste Management and Pollution Control ...................... 19 4.1.2 Waste generation rate analysis using data input from Japanese feasibility study ......................................................................................... 21 4.1.3 Waste generation rate analysis using academic article data ..................... 21 4.1.4 Waste generation rate analysis using data from Linköping University master student thesis ................................................................ 21 4.1.5 Analysis of the officially treated waste flows at the Gamodubu landfill ........................................................................................................ 22 4.1.6 Daily treated waste flow analysis relying on Gamodubu logbook data ............................................................................................................ 23 4.1.7 Waste flows in recycling industry in Gaborone ........................................ 24 4.1.8 Choosing the most realistic waste generation rate (tons/day) ................... 25 4.2 Illegal dumping .......................................................................................................
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