Reports on Completed Research for 2018
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Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia Were Not the Descendants of Yan Huang
E-Leader Brno 2019 Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia were not the Descendants of Yan Huang Soleilmavis Liu, Activist Peacepink, Yantai, Shandong, China Many Chinese people claimed that they are descendants of Yan Huang, while claiming that they are descendants of Hua Xia. (Yan refers to Yan Di, Huang refers to Huang Di and Xia refers to the Xia Dynasty). Are these true or false? We will find out from Shanhaijing ’s records and modern archaeological discoveries. Abstract Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas ) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Yan Di, Huang Di, Zhuan Xu, Di Jun and Shao Hao. These were not only the names of groups, but also the names of individuals, who were regarded by many groups as common male ancestors. These groups first lived in the Pamirs Plateau, soon gathered in the north of the Tibetan Plateau and west of the Qinghai Lake and learned from each other advanced sciences and technologies, later spread out to other places of China and built their unique ancient cultures during the Neolithic Age. The Yan Di’s offspring spread out to the west of the Taklamakan Desert;The Huang Di’s offspring spread out to the north of the Chishui River, Tianshan Mountains and further northern and northeastern areas;The Di Jun’s and Shao Hao’s offspring spread out to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where the Di Jun’s offspring lived in the west of the Shao Hao’s territories, which were near the sea or in the Shandong Peninsula.Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed the authenticity of Shanhaijing ’s records. -
Adaptation and Invention During the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China
Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation D'Alpoim Guedes, Jade. 2013. Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11002762 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China A dissertation presented by Jade D’Alpoim Guedes to The Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Anthropology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts March 2013 © 2013 – Jade D‘Alpoim Guedes All rights reserved Professor Rowan Flad (Advisor) Jade D’Alpoim Guedes Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China Abstract The spread of an agricultural lifestyle played a crucial role in the development of social complexity and in defining trajectories of human history. This dissertation presents the results of research into how agricultural strategies were modified during the spread of agriculture into Southwest China. By incorporating advances from the fields of plant biology and ecological niche modeling into archaeological research, this dissertation addresses how humans adapted their agricultural strategies or invented appropriate technologies to deal with the challenges presented by the myriad of ecological niches in southwest China. -
Collective Identity in the Andean Community: an Institutional Account*
Collective Identity in the Andean Community: An Institutional Account* Identidad colectiva en la comunidad andina: una aproximación institucional Germán Camilo Prieto** Recibido: 15/05/2015 Aprobado: 14/07/2015 Disponible en línea: 30/11/2015 Abstract Resumen This article assesses the ways in which regional Este artículo evalúa la forma en que las institu- institutions, understood as norms and institu- ciones regionales, entendidas como las normas y tional bodies, contribute to the formation of los órganos institucionales, contribuyen a la for- collective identity in the Andean Community mación de identidad colectiva en la Comunidad (AC). Departing from the previous existence Andina (CAN). Partiendo de la existencia previa of an Andean identity, grounded on historical de una identidad andina, basada en elementos and cultural issues, the paper takes three case históricos y culturales, el artículo toma tres studies to show the terms in which regional estudios de caso para mostrar los términos en institutions contribute to the formation of three que las instituciones regionales contribuyen a la dimensions of collective identity in the AC. formación de tres dimensiones de la identidad Namely, these are the cultural, ideological, and colectiva en la CAN, a saber: la dimensión cul- inter-group dimensions. The paper shows that tural, la ideológica y la intergrupal. Este trabajo although the ideas held about an Andean collec- muestra que aunque las ideas de una identidad tive identity by state representatives and Andean colectiva Andina que tienen los funcionarios doi:10.11144/Javeriana.papo20-2.ciac * Artículo de investigación. The present article is based on a paper presented at the XXII IPSA World Congress, Madrid 2012, at the Panel “Theorising the Role of Identity in the Unfolding of Regionalism: Comparative Perspectives”. -
Politics and Poverty in the Andean Region
Politics and Poverty in the Andean Region Policy Summary: Key Findings and Recommendations Politics and Poverty in the Andean Region Policy Summary: Key Findings and Recommendations Programme developed by International IDEA and Asociación Civil Transparencia Politics and Poverty in the Andean Region Policy Summary: Key Findings and Recommendations Co-editors Gustavo Guerra-García Kristen Sample Javier Alarcón Cervera Vanessa Cartaya José Luis Exeni Pedro Francke Haydée García Velásquez Claudia Giménez Francisco Herrero Carlos Meléndez Guerrero Gabriele Merz Gabriel Murillo Luís Javier Orjuela Michel Rowland García Alfredo Sarmiento Gómez Politics and Poverty in the Andean Region Policy Summary: Key Findings and Recommendations International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2008 Asociación Civil Transparencia 2008 International IDEA and Asociación Civil Transparencia publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA and Asociación Civil Transparencia, its Board or its Council members. AAAAAA Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: International IDEA aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa SE 103 34 Stockholm aaaaaaaiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Sweden aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa International -
The Role of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the Global Energy Scenario
XLVII Meeting of Ministers | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 6 December | 2017 The Role of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the Global Energy Scenario Panel of High Authorities Dr Sun Xiansheng Secretary General, IEF Riyadh Overview • Global trends and transformations • Observations on Latin America and the Caribbean • Key mile stones going forward Fossil share remains at 57% and 79% to 2040 in IEA and OPEC outlooks World Primary Energy Fuel Shares in 2014 and Outlook for 2040 Transition involves deep transformations IEA and IRENAIEA and OPEC Scenarios World Primary break Energy Shares.with andmain joint IRENAtrends-IEA Perspectives for the Energy Transition 1% 1% 4% 6% 12% 5% 6% 7% 16% 21% 100% 10% 10% 9% 2% 11% 10% 11% 2% 3% 12% 90% 3% 3% 3% 16% 3% 18% 80% 5% 5% 5% 4% 6% 21% 21% 22% 7% 7% 24% 8% 27% 4% 70% 24% 26% 31% 31% 25% 11% 5% 60% 28% 27% 26% 13% 22% 26% 50% 25% 14% 20% 40% 22% Fossil Fossil 29% 28% 27% 18% 17% 30% 23% 24% 22% 21% 12% Fossil 20% 13% 10% 9% 10% 0% IEA OPEC IEA CPS IEA NPS IEA 450 OPEC Ref OPEC A OPEC B IEA/IRENA IEA/IRENA 2014 2040 2050 Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Biomass Other renewables IEF Comparative Analysis Sources: IEF-Resources for the Future Introductory Paper for the Sixth IEA-IEF-OPEC Symposium on Energy Outlooks February 2016, OECD/IEA and IRENA 2017 Perspectives for the Energy Transition (66% 20Celsius Scenario), OECD/IEA WEO 2016. OPEC WOO 2016 South America is a green power house already Non-fossil shares are well above 50% in key regions Installed Power Capacity by Energy Source 100% 9% 11% 8% 90% 19% 80% 42% 51% 70% 47% 42% 60% 68% 44% 50% 40% 3% 23% 41% 30% 41% 20% 38% 27% 9% 23% 10% 8% 9% 6% 0% 3% 4% Andean States Caribbean Central America Southern Cone Brazil Mexico Coal Oil and Diesel Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Wind Other renewables Non-Fossil Share IEF Analysis of Inter-American Development Bank Data, (2016) Balza, Lenin. -
Tracing Population Movements in Ancient East Asia Through the Linguistics and Archaeology of Textile Production
Evolutionary Human Sciences (2020), 2, e5, page 1 of 20 doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.4 REVIEW Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production Sarah Nelson1, Irina Zhushchikhovskaya2, Tao Li3,4, Mark Hudson3 and Martine Robbeets3* 1Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA, 2Laboratory of Medieval Archaeology, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of Peoples of Far East, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 3Eurasia3angle Research group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany and 4Department of Archaeology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Archaeolinguistics, a field which combines language reconstruction and archaeology as a source of infor- mation on human prehistory, has much to offer to deepen our understanding of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in Northeast Asia. So far, integrated comparative analyses of words and tools for textile production are completely lacking for the Northeast Asian Neolithic and Bronze Age. To remedy this situation, here we integrate linguistic and archaeological evidence of textile production, with the aim of shedding light on ancient population movements in Northeast China, the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan. We show that the transition to more sophisticated textile technology in these regions can be associated not only with the adoption of millet agriculture but also with the spread of the languages of the so-called ‘Transeurasian’ family. In this way, our research provides indirect support for the Language/Farming Dispersal Hypothesis, which posits that language expansion from the Neolithic onwards was often associated with agricultural colonization. -
Early “Neolithics” of China: Variation and Evolutionary Implications
Boise State University ScholarWorks Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of Anthropology Summer 2017 Early “Neolithics” of China: Variation and Evolutionary Implications Shengqian Chen Renmin University of China Pei-Lin Yu Boise State University This document was originally published by University of Chicago Press in Journal of Anthropological Research. Copyright restrictions may apply. doi: 10.1086/692104 Early “Neolithics” of China: Variation and Evolutionary Implications SHENGQIAN CHEN, School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872 PEI-LIN YU, Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. Email: [email protected] The growth and significance of scientific research into the origins of agriculture in China calls for fresh examination at scales large enough to facilitate explanation of cultural evolutionary processes. The Paleolithic to Neolithic transition (PNT) is not yet well-understood because most archaeo- logical research on early agriculture cites data from the more conspicuous and common early Neo- lithic sites. In this, the first of two papers, we synthesize a broad range of early Neolithic archae- ological data, including diagnostic artifacts, settlement patterns, site structure, and biological remains, to consider agriculture as a system-level adaptive phenomenon. Although farming by this period was already well-established in much of North China and the middle Yangtze River basin, echoes of the foraging past can be found in the persistence of hunting-related artifacts in North China’s Loess Plateau and aquatic-based intensification and vegeculture in South China. Our analysis of the growing body of Chinese data and projections using Binford’s hunting and gathering database indicate that agriculture was differentially developed, adopted, or resisted by foragers according to measurable, predictable initial conditions of habitat that influenced diet breadth. -
CHAPTER 4 EARLY SOCIETIES in the AMERICAS and OCEANIA 69 G 11/ F of M C \I C O ' C Hi Ch~N B A
n early September of the year 683 C. E., a Maya man named Chan Bahlum grasped a sharp obsidian knife and cut three deep slits into the skin of his penis. He insert ed into each slit a strip of paper made from beaten tree bark so as to encourage a continuing flow of blood. His younger brother Kan Xu I performed a similar rite, and other members of his family also drew blood from their own bodies. The bloodletting observances of September 683 c.E. were political and religious rituals, acts of deep piety performed as Chan Bahlum presided over funeral services for his recently deceased father, Pacal, king of the Maya city of Palenque in the Yu catan peninsula. The Maya believed that the shedding of royal blood was essential to the world's survival. Thus, as Chan Bahlum prepared to succeed his father as king of Palenque, he let his blood flow copiously. Throughout Mesoamerica, Maya and other peoples performed similar rituals for a millennium and more. Maya rulers and their family members regularly spilled their own blood. Men commonly drew blood from the penis, like Chan Bahlum, and women often drew from the tongue. Both sexes occasionally drew blood also from the earlobes, lips, or cheeks, and they sometimes increased the flow by pulling long, thick cords through their wounds. According to Maya priests, the gods had shed their own blood to water the earth and nourish crops of maize, and they expected human beings to honor them by imitating their sacrifice. By spilling human blood the Maya hoped to please the gods and ensure that life-giving waters would bring bountiful harvests to their fields. -
Introduction Chapter 1
Notes Introduction 1. In this book, unless otherwise indicated, the word anthropology will be used as a short cut to designate sociocultural anthropology. Chapter 1 1. Pre-publication drafts of the 1991 article that sections of this chapter are based upon capitalized "Savage" when this term referred to the abstract category, rather than to a specific and historical subject or group of individuals. That distinction was obvious in Trouillot 1991; in this volume capitalization of the term will be used for clarity. 2. For reasons of space, I cannot retrace here all the connections between re cent debates in philosophy and literary theory and recent critiques of anthropology. Our readings are too parochial anyway-to the point that any major thinker needs to be translated into the discipline by an insider. Anthropology has much more to learn from other disci plines, notably history, literary criticism, and philosophy, than the reflexivist inter preters assume. There are blanks to be filled by the reader with proper use of the bibliographical references. 3. Other reasons aside, long-term fieldwork in the so-called Third World, after the initial dissertation, is becoming more difficult and less rewarding for a majority of anthropol ogists. Unfortunately, issues such as the increased competition for funds to do fieldwork abroad or the growing proportion of two-career families within and outside of academe only make good conversation. Practitioners tend to dismiss them in written (and there fore "serious") assessments of trends in the discipline. The sociology of our practice is perceived as taboo, but see Wolf (1969), whose early appeal for such a sociology fell on deaf ears, and Rabinow (1991). -
Transition from Foraging to Farming in Northeast China
TRANSITION FROM FORAGING TO FARMING IN NORTHEAST CHINA VOLUME ONE (TEXT) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION TO THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By (Peter) Wei Ming JIA Department of Archaeology The University of Sydney 27 April 2005 PREFACE This study was carried out in Department of Archaeology, the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, the University of Sydney from March 2000 to August 2004. A portion of this study has been published elsewhere or presented in international conference: (i) Jia, Weiming, et al., 2003. Preliminary report of field observation in northeast China. In: Institute of Russian Far East eds. Proceeding of “Century to Century” Conference of Archaeology in East Pacific, 2003. Vladivostok, Russia: Institute of Russian Far East, 247-251. (ii) Jia, Weiming, 2003. The problem of the term “Neolithic” in the archaeology of northeast China. Conference. In: Institute of Russian Far East eds. Proceeding of “Century to Century” Conference of Archaeology in East Pacific, 2003. Vladivostok, Russia: Institute of Russian Far East, 252-254. (iii) Jia, Weiming, 2002. The method of settlement pattern research. Wenwu, 8. (iv) Jia, Weiming, 2001. The origin of agriculture and the Neolithic periods in northeast China. Beifangwenwu, 3. (v) Jia, Weiming, 2004. The study of environmental reconstruction and its application. Third International Congress, Society for East Asian Archaeology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. June 16-19, 2004. DECLARATION I declare that all work in this thesis is the result of my own research and all references to the work of other researchers have been acknowledged. This thesis has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other degree. -
Docudlenting 12,000 Years of Coastal Occupation on the Osdlore Littoral, Peru
227 DocuDlenting 12,000 Years of Coastal Occupation on the OSDlore Littoral, Peru Susan D. deFrance University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Nicci Grayson !(aren Wise Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Los Angeles, California The history of coastal settlement in Peru beginning ca. 12)000 years ago provides insight into maritime adaptations and regional specialization. we document the Late Paleoindian to Archaic occupational history along the Osmore River coastalplain near 110 with 95 radiocarbon dates from eight sites. Site distribution suggests that settlement shifted linearly along the coast)possibly in relation to the productivity of coastal springs. Marine ftods) raw materials) and freshwater were sufficient to sustain coastalftragers ftr over 12 millennia. Despite climatic changes at the end of the Pleistocene and during the Middle Holocene) we ftund no evidenceftr a hiatus in coastal occupation) in contrast toparts of highland north- ern Chile and areas of coastal Peru ftr the same time period. Coastal abandonment was a localized phenomenon rather than one that occurred acrossvast areas of the South Central Andean littoral. Our finds suggest that regional adaptation to specifichabitats began with initial colonization and endured through time. Introduction southern Peru. This region was not a center of civilization in preceramic or subsequent times, but the seaboard was One of the world's richest marine habitats stretching colonized in the Late Pleistocene and has a long archaeo- along the desert littoral of the Central Andes contributed logical record. The Central Andean coast is adjacent to one significantly to the early florescence of prepottery civiliza- of the richest marine habitats in the world. -
Andean Community of Nations
5(*,21$/675$7(*<$1'($1&20081,7<2)1$7,216 1 $FURQ\PV1 ACT Amazonian Cooperation Treaty AEC Project for the establishment of an common external tariff for the Andean States AIS Andean Integration System (comprises all the Andean regional institutions) ALADI Latin American Integration Association (Member States of Mercosur, the Andean Pact and Mexico, Chile and Cuba) ALALC Latin American Free Trade Association, replaced by ALADI in 1980 ALA Reg. Council Regulation (EEC) No 443/92 of 25 February 1992 on technical and financial and economic cooperation with the countries of Asia and Latin America ALFA Latin American Academic Training Programme ALINVEST Latin American investment programme for the promotion of relations between SMEs @LIS Latin American Information Society Programme APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (21 members)2 APIR Project for the acceleration of the regional integration process ARIP Andean Regional Indicative Programme ATPA Andean Trade Preference Act CACM Central American Common Market: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Honduras CAF Andean Development Corporation CALIDAD Andean regional project on quality standards CAN Andean Community of Nations: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela + AIS CAPI Andean regional project for the production of agricultural and industrial studies CARICOM3 Caribbean Community DAC Development Assistance Committee of the OECD DC Developing country DFI Direct foreign investment DG Directorate-General DIPECHO ECHO Disaster Preparedness Programme EC European Community ECHO