~ongrcssionai - 1Rrcord United States of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 79th CONGRESS,. SECOND SESSION
S. 1363. An act to reimburse certain Navy PETITIONS AND MEMORIAL SENATE and Marine Corps personnel and former Navy Petitions, etc., were laid before the and Marine Corps personnel for personal Senate, or presented, and referred as FRIDAY, APRIL 26, 1946 property lost or destroyed as the result of water damage occurring at certain naval flnd indicated: United States Senate, such States and to prevent further clouding S. 2118. A bill to provide for the payment Washington, D. C. o! such titles; without amendment (Rept. of a bonus of 30 cents per bushel on wheat DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: The General.Federa No. 1260). produced and sold between January 1, 1945, tion of Women's Clubs, an organization of FL9SSIE I. FLETCHER and April 18, 1946; to the Committee on 2,500,000 homemakers, is on record for ,"con Agricult_ure and Forestry. tinued Federal legislation for equitable wage Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, from By Mr. MURDOCK; ceilings and price control on basic· com the Committee To Audit and Control the S. 2119. A bill creating a commission on modities such as food, shelter, and clothing Contingent Expenses of the Senate, I ask Federal contributions to States and local gov- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4129 ernments by reas·on of Feder~! ownership. of M)DRESS BY JOHN S. KNIGHT ON .OcCA A sudden wide end to the controls would real property; to the Committee on Public SION OF HIS ACCEPTANCE OF THE POOR let prices get out of band, undo all the ef :uinds and Surveys. RICHARD CLUB AWARD forts of the past 4' years, and send the Nation ADDITIONAL AMOUNT FOR HEARINGS skating into a ruinous inflation. [Mr. TAFT asked and obtained leave to But if price ceilings are removed, won't BEFORE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN have printed in the RECORD an address de prices go up? RELATIONS livered by John S. Knight on the occasion Sure. Very few people would try to deny of his acceptance of the Poor Richard Club this. But how high up? No one knows ex Mr. HATCH (for Mr. CONNALLY) sub award, which appears in the Appendix.] mitted the following resolution be printed in the RECORD, rence puts his finger, as I see it, on the that the compilation be printed as a as follows: · great lack in OPA. This lack of ap Senate document. propriate action-failing to see the need The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there THE NATION TOD&Y of providing equitable prices for goods objection? The Chair hears none, and (By James Marlow) into which increased labor and material it is so ordered. WASHINGTON.-The House vote on OPA costs have gone-has caused many peo would knock price controls into a cocked hat. ple to interpret the initials OPA as MERGER OR UNIFICATION-ADDRESS BY (This won't become a fact unless the Sen meaning "Other People's Agony." SENATOR ROBERTSON ate agrees with the House action and the President approves.) On anvther occasion I have· said that [Mr. WHERRY asked and obtained leave to OPA would have to go. or change its have printed in the RECORD a radio address But why does the House want to get rid entitled .. Merger or Unilicatinn," delivered by of price controls so fast, since the adminis methods of administration. This same tration wanted: a strong OPA continued an thought is .brought out by David Law Senator RoBERTSON on April 25, 1946, which other year? appears in the Appendix. I rence under the sub~. itle in his editorial, Here are some of the arguments offered by Reconstruct the OPA. I qudte his lan ADDRESS BY GENERAL EISENHOWER TO those who want an end to price controls guage: AMERICAN NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS' quickly: 1. The wartime rise of costs. and the OP A The infie%ibility of the OPA, however, is ASSOCIATION lid on prices have squeezed. pr0fits until it's no argument against continuation of neces [Mr. CAPPER asked and obtained leave to tough or impossible to do business. sary controls. If the machinery is ineffi have printed in the RECORD an address de 2. There's a huge demand for goods of all cient, pressure to make it efficient should livered by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, kinds, but the supply of those things is not be exerted. If radicals are in charge of Chief of Staff, at the annual meeting of the great enough to meet the demand. OPA administrative tasks, then conservatives American Newspaper Publishers' Association 3. The supply is being held down because should be found to replace them. Indeed, in New York City on April 25, 1S46, which manufacturers can't produce and still make a where the screws must be applied to indus appears in the Appendix.} profit because of OPA ceilings. try, it is better that men in whom industry 4. If the ceilings were taken off, business . has confidence shall apply them. Conserva REVIEW BY ELMER DAVIS OF THE BOOK could make a profit which would encourage tives usually can do better wi1Jl. radical ONE WORLD OR NONE production. ideas than the radicals can themselves, if [Mr. LA FOLLETTE asked and obtained . 5. With production soaring, supplies would assured, of course, that the end result is to soar and supply wuuld come closer to meet promote the free enterprise system and not leave to have printed in the RECORD a review some form of socialism. by Elmer Davis of the book One World or ing demand. None, published in the March 30 issue of The Government's side of the story is this: Because of my general criticism on the Saturday Review of Literature, which many occasions of OPA, I want it strictly appears in the Appendix. 1 It has tried to keep living costs and prices in hand for 4 years. It is lifting_price con understood that I have found many com SENATOR McKELLAR CHAMPION OF TVA trols wherever it can, to prevent hardship on petent and efficient men connected EDITORIAL FROM THE TRUTH AND business or because there's danger of prices therewith, and have received fine coop HERALD .in a certain field going· haywire. eration. However, let me repeat, if we It wants to continue this gradua~ easing are to extend OPA, it will be necessary [Mr. McKELLAR asked and obtained leave of controls so that the Nation can finally · to have printed in the RECORD an editorial get into full peacetime production without that we change the· policy makers-the entitled "Senator McK~LLAR Champion of much increase. in living col)ts. . . men in high places, those at the head of TVA," published in the Truth and Herald, of '!'4e Government has fought the idea of divisions-because they have become Winchester, Tenn., on April 17, 1946, which - a Widespread lifting of controls on these frozen in their concepts. Let me read appears in the Appendix.) - grounds: ·a letter that came to my desk today. I 4130 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 26 cannot vouch for the correctness of the sought-after surplus goods. But they will Inevitably, veterans frequently will be dis have the satisfaction of knowing that air appomted in their efforts to acquire much-· statistics, but it confirms absolutely· such set-aside goods are going to veterans sought-after surplus goods. But they will what has been said heretofore, that. the · like themselves. have the satisfaction of· knowing that all way that OPA has been operating has· such set-aside goods are going to veterans interfered with production. .This let-. _ In other words, Mr. President, some like themselves. ter comes from a small businessman, who veterans at, least will get the much Sincerely yours, says: needed surplus goods they have so long I E. B. GREGORY, My present plea concerns small-business tried to obtain. Administrator. needs of eliminating cost-absorption squeeze Mr. President, I ask unanimous con by OPA. Please let us roll up our produc sent that the letter, together with the VETERANS' CERTIFICATION FORM tion sleeves and give America the goods and list of critical items, be printed in the The list of critical items for exclusive dis services it needs. Thirty-four percent of RECORD as a part of my remarks. posal to veter.ans is as follows: vital productive small business enterprises CLASSIFICATION have been unable to put new products on There being no objection, the letter the market. Forty-four percent have had to and list were ordered to be printed in the Automotive vehicles: Passenger cars stop marketing certain products. Forty RECORD, as follows: (used) , passenger cars ( riew) . percent are being forced to curtail or elim APRIL 26, 1946. Trucks: Jeeps, all trucks 2¥2 tons or less. inate specific products, and 36 percent are Hon. BURNET R. MAYBANK, Motorcycles, scooters. confronted with shut-downs. Why OPA and United States Senate, Trailers: Bomb trucks, all trailers. its dismal failure to set ceiling prices which Washington, D. C. Tractors: D4 and R4 Caterpillar, 36-45 DB return the cost of production? . DEAR SENATOR MAYBANK: The War Assets horsepower or equal; D7 Caterpillar, 61-90 Administration is preparing to carry out the DB horsepower or equal; DB Caterpillar, 91- In his letter, he calls for drastic re amended provisions of the Surplus Property 140 DB horsepower or equal; TD9 Interna forms in OPA. Act as soon as they become law. • tional, 36-45 DB horsepower or equal; TD14 Mr. President, what caused me to make All required changes in procedures are in International, 46-60 DB horsepower or equal; these remarks today was the correspond process of being worked out. Arrangements TD6 International, 46-60 DB horsepower or ence that has been pouring into my office havl:l been made fully to inform the veteran equal. . as a result -of OPA fear propaganda. of his new opportunities through national Construction, mining, and excavating ma Certainly in the extension of OFA there advertising and all other available means. chinery: Tractor-type scrapers; air com While the contemplated improvements in pressors; batching plants; crushing and should .be cut the appropriation which the veterans' buying position will-to a cer screening plants; ditching machines; cranes, has been utilized by OPA for this fear tain extent--divert goods to them from other shovels, and draglines. propaganda. Several weeks ago I in priority channels, the law itself cannot, of Agricultural machinery: Land levelers, quired of the Attorney General as to course, increase available supplies of sur plows. whether or not OPA was violating the plus goods in heavy demand. For that reason Medical, surgical, and dental apparatus and statute by its fear-propaganda methods, the effect of the changes on the actual fiow . equipment: Major operating tables, operat -in seeking to infiuence Congress. The of surplus goods to veterans necessarily will ing lamps,. field x:.ray units, diathermy ma Attorney · General ruled that, in view be limited, as it has been in the ·past, by what chines, dental units, dental chairs, dental we have available in surplus of the items cabinets. of the appropriation made for ·"infor veterans desire to purchase. Typewriters. mation purposes," there was no violation It would be unfortunate indeed if the of the criminal statute: YOUNG DEMOCRATS' HEAD IN WISCONSIN veteran should misunderstand this. The BOLTS PARTY-ARTICLE FROM NEW · We are informed that in the various language of the law itself and the committee departments of government there are reports supporting it make it clear that the YORK HERALD TRIBUNE 18,000 full-time publicity experts and Congress had not the remotest intention of Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I hold 11,000 more part time. That is costing holding out to him a prospect of getting any,. in my hand an article from the New York thing and everything he wants out of surplus. Herald Tribune of April 24, headed a great deal of money, but that is not The War Assets Administration is taking the worst part of it. What happens is every opportunity to impress upon the vet "Young Democrats' head in Wisconsin ·just what has taken place since the eran the inescapable fact that there is not. bolts party, joining Republicans; he calls House passed the OPA bill. The sub ·now and never will be enough goods in sur it no longer liberal." He· says-and I am ordinate departments attempt to become plus to meet his every need. It is important, now quoting from the Herald Tribune the policy makers. Congress, under the too, that the veteran understand that it is that the reason he is departing from the Constitution, is the policy maker. I am not. the intent of the Congress to set the Democratic Party is "that the young Government up in retail business. The War suggesting that a special committee be -Assets Administration is hopeful that an Democrats group was burdened with appointed to investigate this whole pub understanding press and public will help members who supported Russia instead licity set-up. in Government. Compared dispel any such misapprehension. of America." He says he is going to join with more than .3,000,000 Government Your own long concern with the veterans' the Republican Party because the Demo employees, of course, 38,000 is not a great interest in surplus property has made you cratic Party now stands for Government number, and, undoubtedly a good many familiar with the types of surplus goods in tyranny, is increasingly dominated by of them should be retained, but I believe heaviest demand. You are aware that vet the leftists, and "had failed Poland, Iran, that many of them could be dispensed eran demand has been largely concentrated and other small nationsL" in a few items which I have listed for con with, espeCially that part of the publicity gressional committees studying the matter, Mr. President, I think it is rather sig group in the OPA which seeks to infiu That list, changed only in minor detail, com nificant when we see the young men of ence legislation. prises the items which will be set aside for the Nation leaving the Democratic Party CRITICAL ITEMS FOR EXCLUSIVE DIS sale exclusively to veterans for either personal giving it up completely as hopeless, and POSAL TO VETERANS---LETI'ER AND or business use. coming .over to our Republican Party. It STATEMENT FROM WAR ASSETS ADMIN Certifications already made of veterans as gives us hope for the future of the Na- ISTRA'i'ION eligible to purchase under the original act . tion, and gives us as Republicans particu will remain valid. In sales of set-aside items, lar pleasure that the young men of our Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, I have these applications will be serviced in direct today received a letter from Gen. E. B. _proportion to new applications for the same country are moving in our direction. Gregory, Administrator of the War items. New certification will be required if I ask unanimous consent that the ar Assets Administration, with which he the applicant desires some item on the list ticle may be printed at this point in the for which he has not previously been certi RECORD. :Q.as sent me a list of critical items for fied, or for personal use. exclusive disposal to veterans, which in There being no objection, the article . For personal-use buyers at set-aside sales was otdered to be printed in the RECORD, cludes automotive vehicles, trucks, mo the certification procedure will be simple. torcycles, scooters, trailers, tractors, The applicant will need to fill out only one . as follows: - construction, mining and excavating ma (blue) form, a copy of which is attached. YOUNG DEMOCRATS' HEAD IN WISCONSIN BOLTS chinery, agricultural machinery, medi Set-aside sales under the new order will be PARTY-JOINING REPUBLICANS; HE CALLS IT NO cal, surgical, and dental apparatus and held in the several regions as soon as neces LONGER LmERAL equipment, and typewriters. sary arrangements, including provision for MILWAUKEE, April 23.--Chester J. Michalak proper notices, can be made. Applications to resigned today as president of the Young I wish to read the last paragraph of buy other than set-aside goods for business Democrats of Wisconsin and announced he the letter. It is as follows: use, under the second general priority which was joining the Republican Party. Inevitably, veterans frequently will be dis supersedes the preference, wlll continue He declared that the Democratic Party appointed in their efforts to acquire much.. :under existing procedure. had departed from its role as a party of the 1946 -·- CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-_-SENATE 413l people and instead now stood for govern· Massachusetts [Mr. WALSH] are detained States Senators seeking reelection in the ment control of the people . . on public business. year 1946. In a statement, Mr. Michalak called upon "all liberal-minded young Democrats to join The Senator from Texas [Mr. CONNAL· The plan and effort to smear this great the Republican Party as the party· that now LYJ is absent on official business, attend-· body of United States Senators was con really stands for government by the people," ing the Paris meeting of the Council of ceived many months ago, because large and asserted that the Democratic Party no Foreign Ministers as an adviser to the sums of money· were spent in sending longer was a truly liberal party but was losing Secretary of State. photographers and making photographs out to leftists. Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from· in all the 33 States where these 33 Sena He charged that the Democratic-Party had Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], the Senator from_ tors are making their campaigns for re failed Poland, Iran, and other small nations Nebraska [Mr. BuTLER], the Senator and that the young Democrats group was election this year. I had two delega burdened with members who supp!Jrted Rus from Kentucky CMr. STANFILL], and the tions from Life in my State. Some of sia instead of America. Senator from North Dakota [Mr. YoUNG] them enjoyed the hospitality of my home Mr, Michalak, insurance representative and are absent by leave of the Senate. and ate my grub. incoMe-tax consultant, was elected president The Senator from Maine [Mr. BREW-· Whether the Luce family and Life of the young Democrats in January 1944. STERJ, the Senator from Delaware [Mr. magazine are communistic or not---I am PROPOSED LOAN TO GREAT BRITAIN BucK], the Senator from Indiana [Mr. not now making the charge that they CAPEHART], and the Senator from Ore are-the article I am now discussing cer The Senate resumed consideration of gon CMr. MoRSE] are necessarily absent. tainly has the communistic pattern, for the joint resolution Mississippi [Mr. have a 20-minute speech I wish to make not think, Mr. President, that it is re BILBO] is entitled-to the ftoor. on the pending joint resolution. I won markable and rather strange that Life Mr. Bn.BO. I suggest the absence of a der if the Senator from Mississippi can take only one-third of the Senators quorum. would be good enough to yield to me at and smear them and try to destroy 23 of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The this time. the 33? If Life is not communistic, the clerk will call the roll. Mr. BILBO. I am very sorry, but I Communist Party. should send old man The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the have some comments which will take Luce, o:.· the magazine Life, a fat check following Sen~tors answered to their about 20 minutes, answering the maga for good services rendered, for what they names: zine known as Life. When I have fin have done. Austin Hart Pepper ished that nasty job. I shall be glad to Mr. President, I now want to read the Ball Hatch Radcliffe yield to the Senator from Tennessee. introductory remarks of this unsigned Bankhead Hawkes Reed Mr. McKELLAR. Will the Senator's Barkley Hayden Revercomb article in Life: Bilbo Hickenlooper Robertson remarks be long? Senators face election. Bridges Hill Russell Mr. BILBO. They will take about 20 An estimation of their intelligence and Briggs Johnston, S. C. Saltonstall minutes. Brooks Knowland Shipstead capacity. Bushfield La Follette Smith Mr. McKELLAR. I thank the Senator Capper Langer Stewart very much. Mark those two words-"intelligence" Carville McCarran Taft Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, I may say and "capacity." Cordon McClellan Taylor This year 35 seats in the Senate will be up Donnell McKellar Thomas, Okla. that several of my colleagues have asked Downey Magnuson Thomas, Utah that I yield. so they may be recognized. I for election. Because the Senate is the Na Eastland Mayba;nk Tobey always try to be courteous, and I shall be tion's most important legislative body, where Ellender Mead Tunnell a single vote can sometimes be decisive, the Ferguson Millikin Tydings glad to yield, but I desire to finish this successful conduct of an intelligent domestic Fulbright Mitchell Wheeler job while it is on my mind. Then I shall and foreign policy in the next ~ew years will Gerry Moore Wherry yield. depend to a large extent on the caliber of the Green Murdock Wiley Mr. President, on March 11, 1946, the men who will occupy those seats. Guffey Murray Willis Gurney O'Daniel Wilson husband of the so-called glamour girl of Connecticut, CLARE BOOTHE LUCE, WhO Now, that is very fine. I agree with Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sen is the owner and publisher of the Negro that. ator from North Carolina [Mr. BAILEY] social-equality weekly called Life, and Of the 35 men there now, two (HART, of and the Senator from Virginia [Mr. also the publisher of a similar magazine Connecticut, and ANDREWS, of F'lorida) have GLASS] are absent because of illness. announced their decisions not t o run. Most ·called Time, displayed a sensational ar- of the remaining 33 will be candidates, at The Senator from Georgia [Mr. - ticle in Life entitled "Senators Face least in the primaries or party conventions, GEORGE], ·the Senator from Idaho [Mr. Election," and subheaded by the words to succeed themselves. The first convention GossETT], and the Senator from Louisi "An estimation of their intelligence and will be held March 13 in North Dakota. ana [Mr. OVERTON] are absent by leave . capacity." Mark those last three words. Now, listen, Senators: of the Senate. This article in this leftist, or commu To help the American people consider The Senator from Florida [Mr. AN nistically pink, colored mongrel maga whether they can improve on their Senators, DREWS], the Senator from Virginia [Mr. zine is not credited to any writer or Life asked a panel of top-ranking Washing BYRD], the Senator from Illinois [Mr. author, strange to say. This fact is very ton correspondents- LucAs] , and the Senator from Connecti significant. It necessarily means that cut [Mr. McMAHON] are necessarily ab the article must be chargeable to the Get that, please- sent. owner, publisher, staff, and editors, in of varying political beliefs for their opinions The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. cluding the political wheelhorse of the of the intelligence and capacity of these 33 CHAVEZ], the Senator from North Caro outfit, CLARE BOOTHE LUCE. Senators. lina [Mr. HoEY], the Senator from Ohio The consensus of opinion among the The main object and the announced [Mr. HuFFMAN], the Senator from Colo inner circles in the Washington political purpose of the magazine article is to rado [Mr. JOHNSON], the Senator from whirligig is that Connecticut's Republi give the people of this country some in West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE], the Sena can darling, sometimes called the glam formation about the intelligence and ca tor from Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND], the our girl, and more properly called fickle pacity of these 33 men. Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. MYERS], and capricious CLARE of the Nutmeg in addition, Life asked reporters, business the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. State, was the master mind behind this associates, and friends in the home States O'MAHONEY], the Senator from New York political and libelous scandal blast :for impressions of the Senators, based not [Mr. WAGNER]~ and the Senator from against the great majority of the United on the Senators' political stands but sol~ly 4132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26. on their fitness for such a responsible job. on that panel. Up to this good hour I Senate, because I know that something The opinion quoted at the end of each pic have had no taker of my $100 reward, must. be . done for him, and I am trying ture caption is based on their views. nor have my colleagues been able to lo to do _somethiiJ.g. Mr. President, there has not been pub cate any of the members pf this panel But not even Senator BILBO has had the lished in the American press a more mis-. among the newspaper correspondents in impudence to quote Scripture as witness. leading, deceptive, and artistically stated· Washington. Of course, that does not Why? Well, let us quote from Scripture for lie in the recollection of any living Amer include the Life and Time outfit. They him. It has been said, "If any man say 'I all belong to the same gang. I have·con love God' and hateth his brother, he is a ican. Senators will note in this intro 'uar:" · ductory statement that Life pretends to sulted the newspaper reporters of my want to help the American people to con State, and so far have found no one -who That is a cute way.t9 call me a liar. sider whether they can improve on their knew anything about. the preparation of Against this supre·me charge, Senator Senators. To do this they say that they the article which appeared in the March . BILBo must find himself defenseless,-now and asked a panel-and now Senators know 11 issue of Life. That is why I say it is etel7nally. Let us try, as best ·we can, to what. a panel is-of top-ranking Wash-. the greatest lie in the history of the stay out of that dreadful docket with' him, American press. · for unhappily all of us have, to some extent, ington correspondents-there they are failed our brothers. in the galleries above UaughterJ---of In checking over the write-ups under varying political beliefs for their opin each of the 33 pictures, I find that of ·the To show . that I am no en·emy to the ions of the intelligence and capacity of 33 Senators seeking reelection 12 are Re Negro, let me say that I believe· in giving these 33 Senators. publicans and 21 are Democrats. · Papa him an economic opportunity. I be And in addition-mark you this and Mama Luce, in a half-way man lieve in giving him what he is entitled to. Life says they asked reporters, business ner, 0. K.'d or gave a passing grade to I have before· me a column from the associates, and friends in the home only. 10 of the 33. In other words, if Jackson (Miss.) Daily· News, telling the States of the Senators for impr.essions this pair of Negro lovers had their way story of my distinguished opponent, Ross of the Senators based not on the Sena about 'it they would defeat. 22 of my col Collins. Many Senators know him. He tors' political stands but solely on the leagues-and myself-when we stand for spends part of his speech in denouncing Senators' fitness for the job. In-other reelection this year. They need not be BILBO, because I happen to be chairman words, they are telling the American worried. about defeating me. It is true of the Senate Committee on the District people that "We went into the respective that I have four opponents, but l have of'Columbia, and my committee handled States of these 33 Senators and we con- · no opposition. the confirmation of the nomination of suited their associates, their friends, and It is indeed remarkable, but. of the 10 Marshall Shepard as Recorder of Deeds the reporters in those States." Then who made the grade in Life, in the opin in the ·District of Columbia. Collins is Life audaciously quoted an opinion fol ion of Papa. Luce; and fickle, capricious charging that I am the man who had lowing each Senator's picture, an opin . Clare, 6 are Republicans, · representing him· appointed; that I persuaded ·Presi ion which was supposed to be based on 60 percent· of those 0. K.'d, and only 4 dent Roosevelt' to appoint him; and that the views of these correspondents, busi are Democrats-4 lone ·Democrats out I went to my colleagues on that com ness associates, and friends. of 21 Democrats to be reelected, or about ·mittee and secured a favorable ·report oil . When I first read :.this introductory 13 percent of the-whole. To state it an:.. his nomination.. He claims that I am statement, I knew at once that the other way, 60 percent of the Republicans responsible for him. He says that I tried Luces were getting ready to perpetrate are given a passing· grade, but only 13 to have his salary raised after I got him upon the American people and the Amer percent of the Democrats are given the in, and that I obtained a Mississippi Ne- ican voters a collection of lies and views · green light, out of the 33. Even Morti gro girl to act as his secretary. ' and misrepresentations to suit the deep mer Snerd, in Edgar B~rgen's Charlie My colleagues know that that is a laid plans and purposes of the Luce McCarthy show, would understand from lie out of the. whole cloth. The Senator · hi"erarchy, Papa Luce and Mama Luce. these percentages that fickle and ca from Pennsylvania [Mr. GuFF~Y] and [Laughter.] pricious Clare and Papa Luce are seek Bob Hannegan are the t:nen who per· · To· make sure that I was right-.:.now ing to wreck the Democratic Party and ·suaded . President Roosevelt to- appoint get this-to make sure that I was right, leadership. the Reverend Marshall · Shepard, of 30 days ago today I issued a statement In this connection, I wish to make soine Pennsylvania, to this job. The office of to the press to prove that the whole remarks about Mrs. LucE .which may not Recorder of 'needs has been a Negro job miserable scheme and concoction in the be considered exactly complimentary, · since 1881. Frederick Douglass · started article was prepared for political pur but I am justified in making. them. .I the roll, and all these years that office poses and further to perpetrate the plans wish to read what the lady had to say has been considered a part of the pa of this Negro social · equality outfit. about me. I do not know why she picked tronage in the city of Washington be' The reason -I call it ·a ·Negro social equal me out. I do not understand it. 1 pick longing to the Negro nice. Only tw.o ity outfit is because in a very recent up one newspaper which says, "BILBO is Presidents in all that time have dared to issue of the ·same magazine there are of no force; he has -no influence;· he vary from that rule or understanding. displayed some mulatto and mongrel amounts to nothing. He is but sounding The rule is that no matter whether he be American's outstanding in .the Negro brass and a tinkling cymbal." a Democrat or a Republican, a Negro world, and the magazine specially Then I pick up another newspaper shall have that job. ' played up the theatrical production, and learn that certain interests are But when this appointment was made How Deep Are the Roots, and insulted .threatening to send $1,000,000 to Missis- by President Roosevelt I was in the Mayo the entire South by showing the picture . sippi to defeat me. If I am so unimpor brothers' hospital, on the flat of my back, of a Negro soldier who had returned from tant and·inconsequential, why spend $1,- having had ah · ope·ration. I · was con the war and had gone td one of the 000,000 to defeat me? Just let me die. fined to the hospital for nearly a month, plantations of ·the South, and the daugh I can do no harm, according to their after which I went home to convalesce. ter of a southern farmer or planter on view. During that time this nomination was re her knees begging this worthless Negro The Republican Party management, ferred to my committee; My secretary soldier to marry her. incidentally or accidentally, invited Mrs. wrote to me or telegraphed to me-l have As announced in my statement to the LucE to make a speech. at the Abraham forgotten which~inquiring whether it press, for 30 days I have had a standing Lincoln dinner on t:he 7th of February. would be all right to poll t:):le committee; reward of $100 to be given to one or In that speech she made this statement: that the Senator from Pennsylvania more newspaper reporters or correspond The Bilbos ·of our Congress evoke· many [Mr. GUFFEY] and Senator WALSH of ents in Washington who would admit and secular authorities and political and eco New Jersey wanted it . done; that my prove that he was a member of the panel nomic principles for their intolerant attack friends wanted it aone; and that the ad as announced by Life. That offer has on the Negro. · ministration wanted it done. I replied been standing for 30 days. Many of my I have not been attacking the Negro. stating that it would be all right to poll colleagues have also tried .to discover I have never attacked the Negro. I have the committee, and the committee was some Washington correspondent who been the Negro's best friend; and some polled, not by me, because I did not know was called in by 'the Luces' publication times I think that I am about the best anything about it. The ·committee was Life to help prepare this _article and serye friend the Negro has on the floor of the polled, and the nomination was favor- CONGRE-SSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4133' ably reported ·by Senator WALSH of New she was trying to ·say? Do you know The Members of the Senate who are Jersey. The nomination was confirmed what all of them are trying to say when not up for reeleCtion this year may feel after some debate on the fioor of the they talk about my prejudice and my comfortable and relieved that theY were Senate. ' It was done in the open, but I bigotry against the Negro race? They not held up to public scorn and condem h~ci nothing to do · with it. I was not ,say that because I believe in segregation. nation as some of us were by . the Luce here. I was a sick man, in the hospital I believe in the protection of the Negro family and Life, but I should li_ke to and at home. race and the protection of the white race, make 1this observation: Their time is The other night a Negro in Washing as well. I do not believe in ·social equality coming. [Laughter.] I will be sitting ton telephoned to me and stated that he with the Negro. I do not believe in the around here in the Senate listening to had just contributed $100 to defeat me in mongrelization of the Negro race and the what they say about some of my col· Mississippi. He said that he was a mem white race. As Dr. Linton said the other leagues 2 years from now when they ber of the police force. I tried to get him day at Columbia University, if the pres come up for reelection. to make it $200. I said, "My friends are ent process of mongrelization between I shall let my colleagues who have been organized down there, and r€ady to re the whites and blacks in this country attacked answer for themselves, but I ceive all the money you send. We will continues at the present rate, in nine · cannot let the attacks on myself go un take it, wash it, and use it in the cam generations we will all be yellow; there answered. It will be noted that notwith paign for votes for BILBO. That is the will be no whites or blacks. standing the introduction to this article ticket.'' I made a proposition to him, If I were to say that I was in favor of in which it was said that Life wanted to that if I were defeated I would refund social equality with the Negro I would help the American people improve .on to him every cent that he had sent to be a hero with Life and with the Luces. their Senators, and that it would give a Mississippi, provided, that if I were I have got to say that I believe in social review of the intelligence and capacity elected he would resign ·and get out of equality with the Negro before they·wm of the Senators-note that-yet when Washington, which he will not likely do even admit that I am a Democrat. They they .reached my name in their dirty, if I a:rn reelected, which I shall be. say that is democracy. Mr. President, contemptible article they said nary a . Le.t me say to my enemies-the minori it is not democracy; it is suicide. They word about my intelligence or capacity. tie~ of New York, New Jersey, and Penn are attempting to destroy their own race. They proceeded at once to make dirty, sylvania-that when they send their Mrs. LucE was· not satisfied with the scandalous references, repeating lies that money to Mississippi to help Ross Collins speech she made at the banquet in Wash my political enemies used against me 25 they 'are helping ·a man who is trying to ington, and afterward she made a or 30 years ago. But I am still here. They ride into office on the basis of prejudice speech over the radio, over Station made dirty and unfair references about against the Negro race. I was the first WWDC. Mr. President, you should have matters which had been threshed out on man elected to th~ office of Governor of listened to what this good lady said about every stump in Mississippi and about M~ssissippi since the Civil War without me. . I never bothered her, I never said which the people of Mississippi had ever mentioning the race question. ·anything about her, I never got in her passed judgment by electing me lieu: Nary a word did t say about it. The Ne way. She said: tenant governor, and twice governor gl.·o churches held' prayer meetings in the Come, courage, Mr. Talmadge, remember and twice United States Senator; and interest of my election, because I was not your Revolutionary ancestors, please. Both now they are ready to elect me again, to doing as others had done, namely, riding their blood and their spirit is in you, and you serve a third term as Senator, on the the Negro's coattails into office. z · daren't be afraid of what might be said by second day of July. Those were elections As Governor of the State for 8 years I one lone, ridiculous, and anachronistic, in which 200,000 or 300,000 people par saw that the Negro got justice. I did not flannel-mouthed racial. supremist like Sen ticipated, not the little ha.ndful that some hesitate to pardon him when soine white ator BILBO . . newspapers talk about. They w.ere men man put up a jop on him. I had the Well, Mr. President, I never knew be and women who are educated, cultured, "guts" to pardon him. While I was Gov fore that I was anachronistic; I never refined, and who are qualified . to vote. ernor I pardoned more than 5,000 per• Mr. President, I am sure you understand knew before that I was flannel-mouthed; that in Mississippi we do not let anyone sons. Of course not all · of them were but I know that 'I believe in the white Negroes. And I helped in their educa vote unless he is qualified . . The other day race. If you want to call that white in New York I told a friend of mine, "I tional program, all of which the Negroes supremacY, all right; and if you do not of Mississippi know; and if my reelection have· almost reached the point where I think that you, as a white man, are any am in favor of a law which will provide were left to -the-vote -of-the-Negroes of better than a Negro, I agree with you; Mississippi, I know I would be reelected, that no man or woman in the United unless the Chicago Defender and the in fact, I do not think you are as good. States shall be permited to vote unless he Pittsburgh Courier were circulated and I thiDk Mrs. LucE should no longer be or she can read and speak the English Sidney Hillman and the CIO organized called the glamour girl, although "Web language." Mr. President, what do those them and voted them like sheep. · ster's New Superior Dictionary" gives us who cannot read or speak Englisn know This morning I picked up a copy of the the following definition of "glamour": about American principles, American ·washington Post and saw a dispatch from "Glamour is a charm on the eyes, caus ideals, and our great dual constitutional Atlantic City, in which the head of the ing them to see things different from scheme of Government? They know CIO is quoted as saying that "a possible what they are in reality." [Laughter.] nothing about it. They are voted like result of the CIO's organizing drive in the With that definition I am willing to sheep-in blocks. · South might be the elimination from call her "the glamour girl of Connecti Today our country is flooded with all public life of Senator BILBo.'' Well, Mr. cut." the refugees and rabble of war-torn President, I will meet them: when they Mr. President, she is capricious, she Europe. Recently I was informed by one is fickle. She q'!lit her husband, she quit · of the immigration officers that today come. there are between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 Mrs. LucE had· something else to say ·the· DAR, she quit the church of her childhood, she has quit politics. The men and women in this country illegally. about me in that speech: When I come back here after July 2 I The personal prejudices of such men as dear old girl from Connecticut just will shall see whether we can do something ·Senator BILBO are not only a spiritual blot Qn not stand. about getting rid of thein. and deporting our civilization, they are an economic drain Mr. President, it is not my purpose at · them. They are contaminating. on the purse of tlle whole Nation. The mon this time to review the mean, dirty, - Mr. President, the article in Life said umental size of the national debt requ!les subtle, libelous attacks mad'e on my col ·that every able-'bodied man and woman in that "Bilbo has been sent to jail." Yes, the United States must produce to his fullest leagues in this scandal sheet. I think I have-but it was not for any crime or capacity, if we are ever to free ourselves of the most severe attack was made on my for any charge involving moral turpitude. that staggering burden. In the face of such good friend the Senator from Tennessee. I went to jail on an order of a political a necessity, the personal hatreds of the BIL Some of the statements made about my judge on contempt charges because I Bos are too expensive for the Nation to 1\fford good colleagues . are so vile, vicious, and would not tell and would not violate my any longer. We can ~o longer pay for such · unthinkable that I am sure every Mem sacred obligation as an attorney at law. Democratic juvenile delinquencies. ber of this body, regarqless. of his party I have been elected three times, once as Well, Mr. President, I did not know I affiliation, resented . those infamous governor · and twice as United States was a delinquent ~et. Do you know what attacks. Senator, since that episode. The people 4134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL ·26 of Mississippi know that I will do to trust That resolution may be found on page cial equality with the Negroes. Why, because I will go to jail before·! will tell. 31 of the Mississippi Senate Journal~ fickle and capricious Clare is so. strong Mr. President, John Bunyan went to regular session of 1914, proceedings of in her negrophile tastes, inclinations, and jail. John Milton wrote Paradise Lost January 7, 1914. preferences that she will pass up all the in jail. The Apostle Paul went to jail. Mr. President, Life did not print that white millinery shops in Washington and Tom Paine wrote the Age of Reason in resolution. Life was not looking for it. seek out a Negro joint to buy a hat, and jail. Jefferson Davis went to jail. Later, at the close of my term as lieu then while wearing her new Easter bon ''Skinny" Wainwright went to jail. tenant governor, one of my worst ene net, have her picture made with the While I am not making any comparisons, mies on the :floor of the Senate, whose Negro proprietor of the shop. many of the great men of history-men name was Greaves, submitted the fol It is not necessary to mention Life's whose life· services blessed the human lowing resolution: reference to my 1 ~ply to an insulting race-were sent to jail, not for crimes, Whereas the Mississippi Senate was con letter which I received from the little girl but for principles. vened on the 6th day of January 1914 and in New York. That has been explained a Life says that I was discredi~ed as a have been in constant session for 85 .days, thousand times and in a thousand differ complainant in a bribery scandal, and and this being the day set by both houses for ent ways. But I might say in passing that final adjournment, and the senate keenly voted by my colleagues as unfit to sit appreciating the splendid, magnificent, and practically all the splendid Italian citi with honest and upright men in a legis unsurpassed service which has been rendered zens of iny State are strong for BILBo, lative body. This episode to which Life by the emcfent officers and employees of this and most of them think I was r; ght when refers took place 36 years ago, when a body, we extend to· our beloved lieutenant I wrote the Brooklyn girl. . handful of my political enemies passed governor our heartfelt appreciation for the To cap the climax, Life quotes one of a resolution because I had exposed fraud manly, upright, fair, and courageous manner my colleagues in a statement that he and corruption in a senatorial election. in which he has presided over this body. We made in a letter by request for publica Life did not tell its readers that, as a unhesitatingly say that he hafii made one of the most efficient, fearless, and capable lieu" tion.· The rules of the Senate prohibit result of that unrighteous attack, I beat tenant gover:iwrs that the State of Mississippi me from answering my colic J.gue's state the field in the election for lieutenant has ever had. Absolutely dealing fair and ment' at this time. However, I will give governor the next year in the first pri impartially with all persons and questions him attention through the same medi mary; and a newly elected State senate coming before him as the presiding omcer um-the press~through which he made proceeded to .repudiate the attack which of this bGdy. . his attack on me and I will do it in due had been made. Mr. President, here is .Resolved, second, That guided by the fact time and ancient form. Watch the a copy of the resolution denouncing and that a man's neighbors know him best, tested papers. His name is TAFT. by the unanimous vote of the box near where repudiating that unrighteous attack he was born and reared, and the almost en.;. The opinion of the Luce family is that which had been made by a handful of tire vote of the county in which he resides~ BILBO is the worst man in the Senate. I my pelitical enemies. Life did not say and also by the courteous and able manner in should be proud of this classification for ·anything about it. Life did not, in fact, .which he has discharged the duties of presi they did put rile at -the head of the class . say a word about it. Mr. President, dent of this senate, we have no hesitance in I should feel fortunate because they did listen to this: giving expression to our confidence in the not say I was weak, ineffective, and had integrity; patriotism, and honesty of purpose. no force nor fury.· Whereas the message of Lt. Gov. THEODORE of Lieutenant Governor BILBO, and we take G. BILBo to this body on yesterday was this occasion to commend him as worthy and I sometimes swell with importance and couched in language that cannot in any deserving of the confidence and esteem of aU secretry think that I must be doing good manner be offensive to any fair-minded and good citizens· of this Commonwealth. for my country and for my people-must conservative citizen, exhibiting, as we' be be getting results-when the rumor 'COn• lieve, the right spirit in urging harmony and Senator Greaves, of Mississippi, sub tinues to go around that certain minor stressing the necessity of concentrating our mitted the resolution and, upon his mo · efforts in securing beneficial legislation so ities and pressure groups of the North devoutly to be wished for by all patriotic ·uon, it was agreed to. It may be found .are planning to send a million dollars to Mississippians: Therefore be it · ·in the--Mississippi Senate Journal, regu- ,my State to defeat me this summer. I Resolved by the Senate of Mississippi, That lar session, 1914, at page 1486, proceed . know that if I did not amount to any · this body is in sympathy and accord with the ings of March 28, 19i4. .,thing. and was, not standing in the way · patriotic ideas set forth in the address of its Life would have their readers believe . of some people and some things, they esteemed presiding officer. that the secret of my popularity in Mis would not care how .long I stayed in the Mr. President, I wish now to read the sissippi with the people is. playing· on ·Senate. · following resolution which was intro ;their prejudices about Wall Street, Ne-_ Life may think I am "bad!' now, but duced by Senator Bailey, of Mississippi, groes, and the North. A bigger lie than when I am reelected in July and map out and, upon his motion, adopted by the · this statement has never been published. my plans for good government for the Mississippi Senate: In this statement Life has exceeded the next 6 years, they will think that r was records made by Walter Winchell and Wh~reas the message of Lt. Gov. THEODORE an angel before but a devil now. [Laugh G. BILBO to· this body on yesterday was . Drew Pearson for lying. And that is bad ter.] · couched in language that cannot in ariy . enough. [Laughter.] Life has not been alone in the vicious manner be offensive to any fair-minded and Mr. President, I am the first man since smear campaign waged against me be conservative citizen, eJU1ibiting, as we be the Civil War to be elected Governor of cause of my racial views and my con lieve, the right spirit in urging .harmony and my State without ever having mentioned stressing the necessity of concentrating our victions about our dual system of con efforts in securing beneficial legislation so . the name of Negro or nigger. The Negro stitutional government, and the Amer devoutly to be wished for by all patriotic churches in many parts of the State held ican way of life. Even in the. city of M:ssissippians: Therefore be it · prayer meetings for my election because New York, six daily newspapers have Resolved by the Senate of Mississippi, That I made no mention of the race question joined in the chase, and here they are: thia body is in sympathy and accord with the . in my campaign speeches, and they re . The Post, the. News, the People's Voice, . patriotic ideas set forth in the address of its joiced when I was elected. The Negroes the Amsterdam News, PM, an1 the Daily esteemed presiding officer. in Mississippi are my friends, and I am Worker. Resolved, second, That guided by the fact that a man's neighbors know him best, tested a friend to Negroes everywhere. They One of these New York newspapers by the unanimous vote of the box near where are entitled to fair treatment and eco went down to Mississippi and hired a he was born and reared, and the almost en nomic opportunities, but I believe in little Negro social equality renegade from tire vote of the county in which he resides, white supremacy and I am against racial Louisiana to write a series of lying ar and also by the courteous and able manner in social equality between the two races. ticles denouncing BILBO. which he has discharged the duties of presi I am not in favor of either the mongreli The Post-Dispatch of St. Louis, Mo., dent of this senate, we have no hesitance in zation of the Negro race nor of my own giving expression to our confidence in the joined the pack of dirty hounds. integrity, patriotism, and honesty of purpose white race. Herein lies the sec.ret of the Communistically inclined newspapers of Lieutenant Governor BILBO, and we take opposition which I have received from of Chicago and other cities, ·and mon this occasion to commend him as worthy and both Time and Life magazines which are grelized papers of Los Angeles, Calif., deserving of the confidence and esteem of all owned and operated by Papa Luce and fell in line to crucify BILBO with their good citizens of this Commonwealth. fickle Clare. They are in · favor of so- lying smear. Why even in the "city of 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4135 brotherly love"-dear old Philadel lowing testimonial was inspired and pre During this session, Senator BILBo led the phia-the Republican Inquirer, of Moe pared because ot and in answer to this fight to establish the great teac~ers' college Annenberg fame, and the Jewish-owned, smear campaign against our senior at Hattiesburg, which is today known as the Senator: Mississippi Southern College; creation of a New Deal Philadelphia Record gathered consolidated school system in Mississippi; · their mud buckets and tried to bespatter THE SENIOR SENATOR FROM MISSISSIPPI, THEODORE G. BILBO and the establishment of agricultural high the name BILBO in the minds of their schools at whicll time very large areas of the readers, thinking that the good people of For more than three decades now, the State did not have high.:school facilities. Philadelphia would never have the op career of Senator THEODORE G. BILBO has The now-famous secret caucus of 1910 also been interwoven with the history of Mis occurre-d during his second session of the portunity to know the truth about :ijiLBo. sissippi and the South. His present position The Philadelphia Record. was ·so hell legislature. At the conclusion of this caucus of responsibility and service is in keeping which lasted 57 days and nights the legisla bent in prosecuting the communistically With his 38 years of progressive pub ture chose Hon. Leroy Percy as United States conceived campaign to destroy BILBO be lic life, during which time his record Senator over former Gov. James K. Varda cause of his views that the editor, of service to his people is unexcelled in the man. When the caucus closed, Senator BILBO "Stinking" David Stern, sent his politi history of this State. took the stump and carried to the people of cal writer, "Skunky" O'Neil, to Missis The son of pioneer Mississippians, Senator Mississippi the story of what bad happened sippi where, for weeks, he crawled in the BILBo was born on the 13th day of October behind the closed doors. Heo exposed men and 1877 at Juniper Grove, 5- miles south events to the light of truth, and his speeches, gutters and sewers of Mississippi's politi of Poplarville, in Pearl River County, Miss. fortified with undisputable facts, rocked Mis cal slums, and then published a series of As a boy working on his father's farm, be sissippi politically. This first State-wide scandalous and libelous lies and concoc had dreams of life in politics. ~e loved the tour gained for him the reputation of being tions that had been conceived and per farm, but he knew that his first ambition the best public speaker and most forceful petrated by my political enemies 30 years was to serve in public office. orator in Mississippi-a title which he has ago. He then had the audacity to reduce He entered the Poplarville High School at held throughout the years. them to pamphlet form, mail them to the age of 15 in the third grade. In It was in these speeches 35 years ago that each Member of this body, and ask my the next 4 years he made the 10 grades the so-called bribery incident was thor and finished the high-school course. From oughly expounded before the voters of Mis colleagues to read his foul, filthy, lying 1897 to 1900, be attended the University of sissippi. We mention this happening be production. Nashville, Peabody College, where he re cause certain northern Negro and radical The decent people of Mississippi have ceived his literary education. While study newspapers have played this incident up as justly been aroused and are sorely re ing at Nashville, he worked as a "news butch" a part of their current smear campaign sentful of this Nation-wide smear cam on a railroad and ran a laundry age-ncy to against the senior Senator from Mississippi. paign against their senior Senator BILBO, help with the expenses of his education. In these recent attacks on Senator BILBO the because they know me as I am. and as I Returning from college in the spring of 1910 incident has been twisted, the facts ig 1900, Senator BILBO taught school for 5 nored, manufactured, and a false and errone have lived and served. In answer to years. From 1905 to 1907, be studied at the ous story concocted. this smear campaign they have pre University of Michigan and Vanderbilt. Re Those making the smear attacks have pared and signed-500 strong-a. brief turning to Poplarville from Vanderbilt in failed to mention that the only part played biographical testimonial about Senator 1907, he announced as a candidate for the by Senator BILBO was an honest and suc BILBO, his life, his struggles, his services, State senate. In that race he was elected cessful effort to expose those persons offering and what he has meant to them as a over strong opposition by an overwhelming and paying bribes and that everything con citizen and a public official. vote, carrying all five o.f the counties in nected with the incident was done with the Two hundred thousand would have his district. From tl}en on be made an out advice and consent of some of Senator BILBo's standing public record, the high points of friends, one of them being a judge of the signed this testimonial had they been which are as follows: circuit court. given an opportunity so to do. The 1907: Elected to State senate. Largely as a record for the meritorious serv signers of this testimonial came from 1908-12: Served in the Senate of the Mis ice rendered the State in correction with the all parts of Mississippi and from all sissippi State Legislature. secret caucus and the so-called bribery inci walks of life, from the pulpit to the 1908: Opened law office in Poplarville- dent, Senator BILBo was honored by the streets. . practiced law while serving in the State voters of Mississippi the next year by elect I shall ask to have this' testimonial senate. · ing him as Lieutenant Governor; and 4 years printed in the RECORD as a part of my 1910: Spoke throughout the State exposing later, because of his outstanding record and the secret caucus of 1910. progressive platform, the people elected him remarks. Anyone can read it in less 1911: Elected Lieutenant Governor. Governor. than 30 minutes, and if Senators want 1912-16: Served as Lieutenant Governor ·It was on the 18th day of January 1916, that to know the truth about the senior Sen practiced law. THEODORE G. BILBo was inaugurated for the ator from Mississippi when they read it 1915: Elected Governor. first time as Mississippi's chief executive. they will understand as they never did 1916-20: Served as Mississippi's World . During the first Bilbo administration, before why the people of Mississippi have War I Governor. there was more worth-while and beneficial honored me more than any other man 1920-28: Practiced law. legislation passed for the interest and wel in the history of my State. Mississippi 1927: Elected Governor the second time. fare of the average people of the State than 1928-32: Served as Governor. in any previous 4-year period. The follow was admitted to the. Union in 1817, or 1932-33: Practiced law. ing are the major accomplishments of the 129 years ago, and I have received· more 1933: Accepted position with Department first Bilbo administration: honors at the hands of my State than of Agriculture in Washington. 1. The erection of the Charity Hospital at any other man living or dead. I ask 1934: Elected to the United States Senate. Laurel. permission to make this testimonial a 1935: Served first term in the Senate. 2. The Tubercular Sanatoriti.m at Magee, part of my remarks in the RECORD. 1940: Reelected to the United States Sen- which is one of the finest hospitals for the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ate. treatment of tuberculosis in the United 1941 to present: United States Senate. States, was established. objection, it is so ordered. From the first day of his public career until The testimonial is as follows: · 3. The establishment of the industrial now, Senator BILBO has always made his de training school at Columbia where our way The undersigned men and women ot cisions openly and frankly, took his stand ward youths are trained and converted into Mississippi who are personally familiar with on the side of the average man, and never · good citizens. the life and record of United States Senator hesitated to fight for his cause with all the 4. Creation of the Mississippi State Tax THEODORE G. BILBO present to the Nation this strength at his command, even though he Commission, the purpose of which was to brief sketch of the life and accomplishments had to fight alone. One of his first acts upon equalize the tax burdens of the Stat·e. of the senior Senator from Mississippi. entering the State legislature was to lead a Within recent months, Senator BILBo has fight to rout the railroad lobby which had 5. The abolishment of the iniquitous fee been attacked by Negro groups, Negro news been hovering over the legislature for half system, a relic of· the reconstruction, which . saved the taxpayers a half million dollars papers, Communist fronts, Communist news ~~r century, and also to equalize the represen papers, and certain radical and so-called tation of the State, in the legislature. during the 4 years. liberal newspapers and publications because Following his first session in the legisla 6. Creation of the board of legal exam of his heroic fight against social equality ture, Senator BILBO went to the University iners that reinstated and maintained the between the white and black races in the of Michigan to do graduate work in the legal profession upon its proper plane of United States and against alien ideologies school of law. He returned to open his law dignity and honor. and concepts of government designed to omce in his home town, Poplarville. It was 7. Establishment of a board of pardons. destroy our American dual system of con the second r;:ession of the legislature in 1910 8. Creation of the State highway commis stitutional government, our American free Which brough1: him into the limelight before sion, saving millions of dollars to the tax dom, and o~r American way of life. The fol- the people of the entire State. payers in the construction of roads and 4136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 bringing $5,000,000 from the Federal Govern- 32. Rebuilding the deaf and dumb lnsti His pleas for a sales-tax law during the first mtmt as well as $2,000,000 worth of road- tution which had been practically destroyed session of the legislature failed to bring any building materials. by: cyclone. response whatsoever. However, during the 9. The uniform negotiable instruments 33. Creation of the Mississippi Plant Board second session· he succeeded in securing a law which placed Mississippi business in- to protect and encourage the nursery inter- one-fourth of 1 percent sales-tax law in order terests upon an equal footing with those in ests of the State and to free farmers from to test the volume of income which could be the other States in the Union. destructive ravages by insects, worms, etc. obtained from this source. The amount of 10. The blue-sky law, protecting the peo- 34. Amendment of section 206 of the con- this tax was insufficient, of course, but Sen pie against bogus stock ~ellers. stitution to make possible a more equitable ator BILBO had at last convinced the legisla 11. L!me-crushing plants at Okolona and distribution of the public-school fund and ture that the sales tax was the way to meet Waynesboro to give farmers crushed lime to increase the pay of the teachers of the the financial problems of the State. reck at cost. State. Immediately after his term ended, the suc 12. A State-wide dipping law, increasing 35. Establishment of the Mississippi Illlt- cessor to Governor BILBO was successful in the value of Mississippi cattle more than eracy Commission, the purpose of which was securing the passage of a 2-percent sales-tax $12,0.00,000 upon the lifting of the Federal to carry on a State-wide campaign for the law, and the State was soon on a sound finan quarantine and preparing the way for the eradication of adult illiteracy in Mississippi. cial basis. Thus, Senator BILBO pointed the great livestock industry in this State, which 36. The preparation of the report and bill way and did the groundwork which resulted is now being realized. for the establishment of the feeble-minded in the salvation of the State's financial diffi 13. Restoration of the old Capitol Building home at Ellisville, which was approved and culties. at Jackson, giving the State a second Capitol passed immediately by the incoming legis During this second term as Governor, Sen Building worth more than a half million dol- lature just after Senator BILBO left the Gov- ator BILBO advocated and urged the passage lars. (The legislature appropriated $125,000 ernor's office. of numerous progressive measures, all of for this undertaking, but under Governor Senator BILBo's friends and political foes which had been endorsed by the people as BILBo's personal supervision the job was agree that his career has been both dramatic a part of the platform upon which he had completed and $3,000 was turned back into and colorful. An incident which occurred in been elected, only to have them defeated by the treasury, this being the first time in 1923 has within recent months been used in the lower branch of the legislature which MissiSsippi history that money was saved the "smear" campaign against Senator BILBO was thoroughly organized against him. from any project and returned to the State by certain northern newspapers and maga- Two of the proposals which meant most to treasury.) zines, mostly by those that are communistic Senator BILBO were repeatedly killed by the 14. As commander in chief of the army and radical. This political "smear" effort has house of representatives, the $82,000,000 and navy and head of the State's military made reference to the fact that the Senator highway bill which called for a network of concrete roads for Mississippi, and the bill organizations, Governor BILBO gave full ~o- served a jail sentence. Every person in Mis operation to the Federal Government in en-· sissippi has known for 22 years that this is which called for free school books, both of which were subsequently enacted into the forcing the selective draft law and in giving true. ·Senator BILBO's accusers of various laws of the State. Mississippi's full support to World War I in colors and political affiliations fail to ex Regardless of the fate of many of' his out such a manner as to make Mississippi one of plain the facts and conditions connected standing proposals at the hands of the legis the fov.r banner States of the Union in co- with his being sent to jail. He was not sent lature, Senator BILBO did sueceed in passing operating with the Federal Government in to jail for any crime, but was sentenced by a number of important measures during his the prosecution of the war. a Federal judge on a charge of contempt of second term as Governor. He secured the 15. The building of the centennial expo- court because the Senator refused to go into necessary $2,500,000 to complete the State sition, which, because of the World War, was court as a witness in the noted Birkhead hospital at Whitfield, which is one of the converted into a great naval training station, Russell seduction case. In other words, finest hospitals for mental patients in the preparing boys for the merchant marine. Senator BILBO was sent to jail because he Nation. He obtained a half million dollars (The Federal Government refunded to the would not violate a professional confidence for the feeble-minded home at Ellisville and State the $125,000 which had been invested in and tell all he knew about the social affairs with these funds improved and completed this project and later converted these facili- of another person. the institution. He also had the tubercular ties into a great Federal veterans' hospital Four years after this jail incident, Senator sanatorium at Magee greatly enlarged and for the treatment of the mentally sick.) BILBO was reelected Governor of Mississippi beautified. Every citizen of Mississippi will 16. The purchase of the State farm at and served his second term as chief execu bear te::.timony to the improvements which Lambert of 5,000 acres for $134,000, and which tive· from 1928-32. When he won this cam Senator BILBO brought about at all the was worth more than a million dollars at the paign, hE;l broke another precedent to become eleemosynary institutions in Mississippi, and close of the administration. the only man in the history of Mississippi he probably did more for all of our charitable 17. The construction of two new dormi- to be elected by the people to the governor institutions than any other Governor in Mis tories which were built by public subscription ship of the State for a second 4-year term. sissippi history. of funds at the old soldiers' home, admitti11g The gubernatorial campaign of 1927 was Senator BILBO ·was elected to the United 60 more Confederate soldiers and their wives one of the most heated contests that Mis- States Senate in the summer of 1934, and to the benefits of the home. sissippi has ever known. In the first pri- was reelected in 1940. His present term ex• l8. Abolition of public hanging in Missis- mary of this campaign, Senator BILBO led his pires in January 1947. He is a candidate to sippi. · nearest opponent by some 65,000 votes, which succeed himself and thus remain in the 19. Legislation to protect newly born in- is the largest first-primary plurality ever ac- Senate. fants from blindness. corded a candidate for Governor in Missis- Serving in the Congress of th~ United 20. Retiring the State's accumulated debt sippi. Immediately after his election as States as Senator, BILBO has added much dis with a serial bond issue and placing the Governor for the second time, however, his tinction to his record of public service and State's finances upon a business basis. political enemies succeeded in organizing achievement. Determined, resourceful, and 21. Organization of the council of defense. the house of representatives of the State unswerving from his pledge to the voters of 22. Extending the right of franchise to our legislature against him, and he was unable Mississippi, Senator BILBO has, on all occa soldiers and sailors and suspending their to obtain the necessary cooperation from sions, helped to enact laws and formul,ate debts while fighting the battles of this Nation. this branch of the legislature in order to policies for the welfare and best interest of 23. The enactment of a home printing bill. carry out his constructive and progressive the people. platform. In his first campaign for the Senate in 24. A law authorizing nine jurors·to return In addition to the fact that the house of 1934, long before the war was upon us, verdicts in civil cases. r.epresentatives of the legislature was organ- Senator BILBO declared that he favored and 25. Exemption of the shipyards from tax- ation to encourage the development of this· ized against him, definitely determined for would work for the development and main industry along Mississippi's Gulf coast. . political reasons to wreck his administration, tenance of the largest and best Army, Navy, Senator BILBo entered the Governor's office and Air Force in the world. During the 26. The creation of an education commis- the second time on the eve of one of the years of World War II he worked for and sup sion to codify, reorganize, and systematize worst panics that this country has ever ported measures and appropriations for the our school laws. known. Even before the crash of 1929, just armed forces and helped realize his promise 27. The initiative and referendum to give as tlle blighting winds of the great depres- of the greatest Army and Navy on earth for the people the right to approve the acts 'of sion which was to imperil the very life of this Uncle Sam. the legislature and to initiate their own laws. Nation was being felt, senator BILBO real- Since he has been in the Senate, Senator 28. Increasing the representation of south ized that something must be done to safe- BILBO has sponsored much progressive and Mississippi. guard the financial condition of the State. worth-while legislation. However, if any one 29. An increased appropriation for public From the very first of his administration and particular measure is to be singled out above schools and for Confederate pensions. throughout the 4-year period, he pleaded the others it would probably be the bill which 30. Passage of the antilobby law. With the legislature to pass a sales tax law. he authored and sponsored creating the re 31. Perfect.ing the prohibition clause by He was aware that the State's finances were search laboratories for the four great agri passage of the bone-dry law and being the in a critical condition, and he knew· that the cultural regions of the United States. With first State in the Union to ratify national safe and only solution to the problem at that in these laboratories, erected at a cost of prohibition. · time was a sales tax. $4,000,000 and located at Philad~lphia, . Pa., 1946 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE 4137 Peoria, Ill., New Orleans, La., and San Fran sovereign States of this Republic. The anti The citizens of Mississippi know and real cisco, Calif., some 1,000 chemists and lynching bill, the anti-poll-tax bill, and the ize that since the year 1908 the vision., clear specialists are now discovering the mar Fair Employment Practice Committee are thinking, and energetic determination of ketable byproducts of the leading agricul three-of the most infamous pieces of legisla THEODORE G. BlLBO have been inseparably tural crops of these four regions. It has tion which have gone down in defeat largely lfnked to the progress, welfare, and happiness . been generally agreed that Senator B:q..Bo's because of the BILBO astuteness and fili of our State . plan of chemurgic research is the greatest buster. Senator BILBO has obviously and consist permanent solution ever offered for the agri The anti-poll-tax bill, which is an attempt ently fought against all efforts to destroy cultural problems of this Nation. to rob the sovereign States of the constitu segregation of the Negro race and the pro D.uring the recent war period, these labo tional right to determine the qualifications motion of social equality of the white and ratories were centers of research dedicated to of electors within their own borders, has black races. However, he has never preached the war effort, and during this time a dis twice been defeated by a filibuster conducted hatred toward any race or minority group of covery was made at the Peoria·, Ill., laboratory by southern Senators, led by Senator BILBo. American citizens. He has found it necessary which has more than justified every dollar In June 1945, Senator BILBO filibustered to denounce certain individuals, gentile and spent on these centers. Dr. Coghill, the mold against the appropriation for the Fair Em Jew, white and black, who have attacked him expert of Peoria, working in one of these ployment Practice Committee and succeeded because of his stand against the anti-poll laboratories, found a process by which . that iii practically killing this un-American Com tax bill and the Fair Employment Practice wonder drug of all the ages, penicillin, could mittee which is nothing more than a com Committee, but his denunciation has been be made on a wholesale basis. As a result of munistic-inspired, cleverly designed attempt directed toward the individual, not against this discovery, penicillin is now available to legislate social equality and to promote the the race or nationality to which that par saving untold millions of lives today and will scheme for the mongrelization and intermar ticular person belonged. continue to do so in the years to come. Also riage of the white and Negro races in this Certain pressure groups and newspapers in recent months the New Orleans laboratory Nation. have called upon the people of Mississippi to has announced to the world a process which Senator BILBO is chairman of the Senate repudiate Senator BILBO because of his views will prevent mildew and rot of cotton fabrics. Committee on the District of Columbia on white supremacy. The truth of the mat This discovery will greatly increase the uses which makes him the mayor ex officio of the ter is that Mississippians are probably more for cotton and expand the market for this city of Washington. As chairman of this thoroughly in accord with Senator ·BILBO on money crop of our farmers. committee, the Senator sponsored a program this issue than upon any other question or During his first term in the Senate, Senator for slum clearance in the Nation's Capital, policy. It is safe to say that 99 percent of BILBo carried on a .successful fight to place and a bill designed to accomplish this re all white Mississippians completely agree with the responsibility for fiood control upon the sult has already been passed by the Senate. the senior Senator in his fight to preserve shoulders of the Federal Government. He was He . advocated and urged a great med.ical and protect white supremacy and the south able to secure an amendment to the Omnibus center for the city of Washington, and with ern-way of life, and in his opposition to the Flood Control Act of 1936 which resulted in a Senator TYDINGS of Maryland was the joint Fair Employment Practice Committee which saving of millions of dollars to landowners author of the bill providing for t}?.is hos 1s designed to promote and encourage social along the Mississippi River. He fought for pital. equality of the white and black races in the the pal?sage of the Bankhead-Janes Act, under A member of the Senate Committee on Southland and throughout the United St ates. which loans are granted to farmers who want Commerce, Senator BILBO is now the second Senator BILBO believes that Mississippi has to purchase land. He supported the Works ranking Democratic Senator on this im the right. to retain the poll tax as long as Progress Administration, the Social Security, portant committee. In this capacity, he Mississippi sees fit to do so. Until our own :Farm Security, Agricultural Adjustment Ad led the fight and necured the passage of the people, through our State legislature, abolish ministration, Civilian Conservation Corps, bill providing for the Tennessee-Tombigbee this tax, it must remain with us. He con Federal Housing, Tennessee Valley Authority, Inland. Waterway by the Commerce Com tends that Congress pas no right to pass the Rural Electrification, and the National Youth so-called anti-poll-tax biU which would reach mittee, and it is now generally conceded that down into the prerogatives of the sovereign Administration. Programs to provide assist this measure will. eventuall~ be approved ance for the aged, the poor, and the under by the Congress. Senator BILBO also led the States to interfere with the franchise laws. privileged have always received the untiring He has · successfully fought the efforts to fight in the Commerce Committee to give "cram"· this piece of legislation down the assistance and support of Senator BILBo. the United States a regulative competitive During the years of World War II, which aviation policy and to keep this great serv throats of the people of Mississippi and the came during this, his second term in the ice out of the hands of a monopoly. He is other Southern States ever since he has been Senate, Senator BILBO has devot.ed his best a Member of the Senate. and .he will con now chairman of the Commerce Subcom tinue to fight them in the future. ability and effort to promoting the war effort. mittee on Rivers and Harbors. The Senator's public record, especially as All measures and appropriations necessary Senator BILBO is the fourth ranking Dem Governor of Mississippi for years, proves for carrying on the war on the many battle ·Ocratic Senator on the all-important Agri that he has always been the Negro's friend fields around the globe received his full ef culture and Forestry Committee. As a forts for a practical program for the reconver and has done much to better the condition of member of this committee, he has helped the colored citizens of our State. It was his sion of this Nation to a peacetime basis and pass all necessary and remedial legislation desire to permanently solve the race problem for the many benefits of the veterans-the for the relief and aid of the .farmers since of this country and to build a nation for men who fought this war and who deserve the 1935. He is also a member of the Pensions the Negroes in the land of their forefathers credit for the great victory which is now ours. Committee, the Library Committee, the pow which prompted Senator BILBo to 'introduce In the days of 1944 and again in October erful Rules Committee, and is chairman of in the Senate in 1939, a bill for the voluntary of this year, Senator BILBO fought alone the special committee created by the Con resettlement of American Negroes in West against the land-grant-railroad bill · which gress to. build a memorial stadium to the Africa. He presented this bill to the United proposed to nullify all reduced rates that the veterans of World War I and World War II. States Senate in response to the request of Government has been receiving from the rail The laboring man has found in Senator some 3,000,000 American Negroes who signed roads in return for 179,000,000 acres of the BILBO a constant and uncompromising a petition asking that they be given an op people's land granted to the railroads. This friend and has always received the Sena portunity to go to Africa where they could· land, enough to make 14 States of the Ameri tor's valuable cooperation and help. His establish a country of their own. can Union, was given to certain of our rail first significant act on behalf of labor came Everyone familiar with Senator BILBo's roads during the early days of their develop during his first administration as Governor public record knows that there is nothing ment. The Senator spoke 2 days against this when he settled a strike on the Gulf & whatsoever to give foundation for the charges measure and succeeded in obtaining an Ship Island Railroad in 2 _ hours. When which have been made against him by north amendment to postpone the effectiveness of requested by the railroad to call out the Na ern individuals and newspapers who oppose the law until October 1946. This year's de tional Guard to break the strike, he declined the stands which he has taken in the Senate. lay together with the 11 months' delay and told the railroad officials that they should These groups and individuals, have called brought about when he killed the bill by a pay their employees a just and decent wage. for his defeat at the hands of the voters of threatened 30-day filibuster in December They promised this higher wage ·to the work his State. But the citizens of Mississippi 1944, amounted to a saving of approximately ers, and the strike was over in 24 hours. His will not be misled .by this smear campaign $500,000,000 to the taxpayers of this Nation. record during the 28 years that he has held. by such scandal mongers. We in Mississippi In other words, Senator BILBO prevented this public office proves that Senator BILBO has know Senator BILBO's record; we know what bill from becoming a law for 23 months dur always been the true friend of labor. he stands for; we know what he has done for ing which time a half billion dollars is being As the senior Senator from Mississippi, Sen our State and Nation. Furthermore, we do placed in the Treasury of this Nation to the ator BILBO continues to serve his people. ·not need any outside group or individual or credit of the taxpayers. From the legislative halls of the capitol in newspaper columnist or radio commentator In addition to the many beneficial and Jackson to the United States Senate, he h_as to tell us how to vote in 1946 or at any other worth-while measures which Senator BILBO worked and fought for the best interests of time. has sponsored and helped pass through the his people. His record is an open book before It has bee:r;1. frequently predicted that t he Congress, he has successfully defeated anum the people of Mississippi who have honored ·Negroes and Communists of the East are ber of bills designed to destroy southern him time and time again with their suffrage. :planning to put a million dollars in Missis ideals and customs_ and the rights of the He has served long; he has. served well. sippi to defeat Senator BILBO in the primary 4138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 election next summer. We, of Mississippi, doctor; J. I. West, Waynesboro, Miss., phg.; Miss., merchant; John R. Booker, Walnut, know 'the voter:s of this State. These groups C. J. Jones, Waynesboro, Miss., attorney;· C. Miss.; H. L. Campbell, Walnut, Miss.; Arthur of Negroes, reds, 'pinks, and Communists of G. Norsworthy, Waynesboro, Miss., farmer; Johnson, Walnut, Miss.; Arlin Medford, Wal the North and East do not have enough J. M. Farrior, Waynesboro, Mis~ :. farmer; nut, Miss.; W. V. Pulliam, Walnut, Miss.; 0. L. money to buy an election in Mississippi. W. S. Davis, Waynesboro, Miss., attorney; T. Allen, Walnut, Miss.; J . M. Mohusedro, Wal The Mississippi voters are not for sale. 0 . Slaughter, Waynesboro, Miss., mayor, town nut, Miss.; F. M. Pulliam, Walnut, Miss.; T. T. Senator BILBO believes in the ideals of the of Waynesboro; W. W. Freeman, Waynesboro, Pulliam, Walnut, Miss.; Roy Bennett, Walnut, white South; he speaks those views in no Miss., owner, Freeman Funeral Hoine; Ray Miss.; Theron D. Harden, Amory, Miss., pub uncertain terms; he fights for his convictions Norsworthy, Waynesboro, Miss., farmer; Ul lisher, Amory News-Advertiser; R. C. Griffin, with all the strength at his command. He mer Leo Busby, m achinist mate 2c United Amory, Miss., insurance agent; R. R . Baird, has not only proved that he will fight alone States Navy; Mrs. N. D. Busby, Waynesboro, Amory, Miss., druggist; A. L. Brasfield, Amory, but that he can fight successfully. Miss., housewife; James Walton, Biloxi, Miss., -Miss., assistant manager, Caldwell Furniture The senior Senator from Mississippi stands commander, army of the Tennessee; Mrs. N. Co.; Fred P. Wright, Amory, Miss .• attorney; as a strong and powerful figure between the A. Sellers, Biloxi, Miss., Clay B. Tucker, Keliy Powell, Amory, Miss., employee Frisco white South and her enemies. He dares to Woodville, Miss., attorney; Frances Town R. R.; J. S. Lancaster, Amory, Miss., owner, speak openly and frankly what others only send, Woodville, Miss., secretary; L. T. Ven Mississippi Chemical Supply Co.; A. J. Stant, think or speak in whispers. He has the cour tress, Woodville, Miss., president of board of Amory, Miss.; J. C. Gregory, Amory, Miss., city age to back his words with action; he does not supervisors, Wilkinson County; Jas. Rubearl, council; W. L. Lawson, Amory, Miss., automo flinch or hesitate before his attackers but Woodville, Miss., member board of super bile dealer; W. R. Burdette, Amory, Miss, Bur from their accusations seems to draw re visors, district no. 3; W. R. Brumfield, Jr., dette Grocery; J. Taldage Durrett, Amory, newed strength to fight for his convictions. Woodville, Miss., member of board of super Miss., superintendent of Federal con!.; G. N. The Negro social-equalit y advocates who are visors, dist. no. 5; W. T. Scott, Woodville, McKinley, Amory, Miss., manager, Amory Gro seeking to destroy our American dual system Miss., member board of supervisors, dist. no. cery Co.; 0. Lantrip, Amory, Miss., grocery, of constitutional government may make their 4; Frank Dauquilla, Woodville, Miss., mem owner; G. A. Knight, Amory, Miss., book picket line a mile long in front of Senator ber board of supervisors; Ebuyu Carter, keeper, Amory Concrete Gravel Co.; J. C. BILBo's home but he will continue to fight. Woodville, Miss., circuit clerk; Claude Hen Dunlap, Batesville, Miss., automobile dealer. The Senator is a member of the Baptist derson, Woodville, Miss., J. S.; James W. Lee, . F. G. Craig, Batesville, Miss., justice of Church, and during recent years the building Woodville, Miss., J . P.; R. Whitaker, Wood- peace; W. J. Cox, Batesville, Miss., retail drug- ' of Juniper Grove Church, the old home . ville, Miss., sheriff, Wilkinson County; H. L. gist; D. S. Irby, Batesville, Miss., Ford dealer; church of his father and mother which they Samuels, Woodville, Miss., superintendent C. C. Holloman, Batesville, Miss., farm imple helped to organize and always loved, and schools; Eddar W. Wright, Centreville, Miss., ment dealer; A. P. Phillips, Sardis, Miss., pastor's home, has been one of the projects mayor, protem; John G. Burkett, Jackson, wholesale candy; A. B. Friend, Sardis, Miss., dearest to his heart. He belongs to every lawyer; Robert Gandy, Jackson, Miss., in engineer; Jas. B. Boyles, Batesville, Miss., branch of the Masonic Order up to the thirty surance; Robert M. Newton, Wiggins, Miss., lawyer; J. Jordan, Columbia, Miss., merchant; second degree--a Shriner. He is an Elk and presid~nt, Bank of Commerce, Poplarville, S. N. Dickerson,-Columbia, Miss., farmer and is an honorary member of Sigma Delta Kappa Miss., president Newton Naval Stores Co.; ranchman; Geo. ·F. Newman, Columbia, Miss., legal fraternity. When not in Washington Wiggins, Miss.; E. R. Smith, Wiggins, Miss .., contractor; 0. J. Foxworth, Columbia, Miss., he resides at his home known as the Dream merchant, Wiggins, Miss., president board of ex-sheriff of Marion County; W. Q. Speed, House on his Pearl River County farm near supervisors, Stone County. Columbia, Miss., Speed Auto Parts, wholesale Poplarville, Miss. . W. C. Batson, Wiggins, Miss., county at and retail; Warren Fortenberry, Columbia, Throughout his political career, Senator torney, Stone County; D. D. O'Neal, Wiggins, Miss.; J. C. Speed, Columbia, Miss.; Milton BiLBO has been an exponent of the cause of Miss., superintendent ·of education, Stone Mulford, Columbia, Miss.; F. S. Hathorn, the common people; he has always been the County; Hollie T. Bond, Wiggins_, Miss., Columbia, Miss., lumberman; Mary Hatman, friend of the farmers. As the champion of chancery clerk, Stone County; Dr. R. E. L. Columbia, Miss., bookkeeper; C. 0. Stevens, the average citizens of h is State, he has Stuart, Gulfport, Miss., dentist; T. J. Walton, -Columbia, Miss., justice of th.e peace; T. H. fought their battles, and no one. has ever Wiggins, Miss., farmer and stockman; W. W. Barnes, Columbia, Miss., chancery clerk; J. E. accused him of deserting thein. Tne people Taylor, Wiggins, Miss., mayor, town of Wig Forbes, Columbia, Miss., member board of of Mississippi have honored him with their gins; C. E. pees, Sr., Perkinston, Miss., mer supervisors; J. W. Pittman, Columbia, Miss., ballots as they have never honored another chant, ex-State senator, member of the board circuit clerk; J. T. Tolar, Columbia, Miss., son-State senator, lieutenant governor, of supervisors, Stone County; U. B. Parker, sheriff and J. 'C.; Sharp Branton, Columbia, twice governor, and twice United States · Wiggins, Miss., lawyer; S. P. Wilson, Wiggins, Miss., chief police; W. W. Branton, Columbia, Senator. Miss., druggist; R. J. Watts, Sr., Wiggins, Miss., D. D.; J. I. Rayburn, Columbia, Miss., · L. H.· Holliday, Poplarville, Miss., sheriff; Miss., gas and oil; B.·F. Bailey, Jr., Lucedale, M. B. S.; W. N. Forbes, Columbia, Miss., N.C. Rouse, Poplarville, Miss., chancery clerk; Miss., ex-service veterans; Willie Cochran, M. B. S.; Forrest B. Jackson, .Jackson, Miss., A. A. · McGehee, Poplarville, Miss., 0. D. S.; Lucedale, Miss., farmer; Lyman W. Havard, attorney; Joe M. Abraham, Jackson, Miss.; H. K. Rouse, Poplarville, Miss., State senator; Lucedale, Miss., ex-supervisor; T. M. Hemp J. F. Barbour, Yazoo City, Miss., ex-judge Thomas A. Holliday, Poplarville, Miss.; Pate stead, Lucedale, Miss., Farmers Supply Co.; seventh judicial district of Mississippi, ex Lumpkin, Poplarville, Miss., member, board T. L. Taylor, Lucedale, Miss.; W. C. Pippin, chalrman board of trustees institutions of of supervisors; Sol Burge, Poplarville, Miss., Lucedale, Miss., logger and farmer; J. B. Hin higher learning o~ Mississippi, vice president member, board of supervisors; Barney Whit son, Lucedale, Miss., ex-marshall and tax col Love Petroleum Co., chairman, board of direc field, Picayune, Miss., mayor of city; C. A. lector; H. H. Hinson, Lucedale, Miss., ex- tors, Delta National Bank of Yazoo City, Miss., Baughman, Picayune, Miss., member, board • serviceman; C. A. Holland, Lucedale, Miss., attorney and banker; H .. T. Barrier, Yazoo of supervisors; Ralph Stockstill, Picayune, undertaker; E. G. Yonge, Luceda,le, Miss., City, ·Miss., member board of supervisors; J. Miss., member, board of supervisors; J. Ben supervisor, distrlct no. 1; J.D. Bullock, Luce V. Whitaker, Yazoo City, Miss., member board ton Suel, Picayune, Miss., member, board of dale, Miss., farmer; M. L. Maloney, Lu.cedale, of supervisors; A. N. Nichols, Yazoo City, supervisors; J. P. Stewart, Picayune, Miss., Miss., chancery clerk; C. H. Dole,. Lucedale, Miss., member board of supervisors; T. H. lumberman (retired); Hilbert Savage, Cor Miss., insurance agent; W. J. Burke, Lucedale, Phillips, Yazoo City, Miss., member board of inth, Miss.; L. W. Perkins, Corinth, Miss., Miss., supervisor; Col. W. E. Bradford, Fay supervisors; Ben F. Middleton, Yazoo City, druggist; J. B. Spann; J. T. Harris; ;Nat yv. ette, Miss., planter; B. Strong, Fayette; Miss., Miss., county superintendent of education of Bynum; Mrs. Sue Bynum; 0. L. Clark; E. ·H. mayor; Sam Ball, Fayette, Miss., druggist; Yazoo County; F. J. Love, Yazoo City, Miss., Meeks; W. 0. Harris; W. F. Seago; Drew J. J. T. Shelton, Fayette, Miss.; M. C. Nevels, chancery clerk of Yazoo County, Miss.; Dave Wall, McComb, Miss., member, Mississippi Fayette, 1'4iss. S. Shackelford, Yazoo City, Miss., tax assessor Legislature, 1916-20; Hansford L. Simmons, R. L. Montgomery, Fayette, Miss., Fayette of Yazoo County, Miss.; W. S. Perry, Yazoo McComb, Miss., member, State senate, 1928- Motor Co.; Dave Levite, Jr., Fayette, Miss.; City, Miss., sheriff of Yazoo County, Miss.; 32, 1936-40; Flim B. Rush, McComb, Miss., John Pahuka, Fayette, Miss.; S.D. Coleman, Mrs. C. H. Fisher, Yazoo City, Miss., circuit businessman; C. C. Davis, Philadelphia, Miss., . Fayette, Miss., chief, police; Herry Cafer, by clerk of Yazoo County; W. H. Ewing, Yazoo retail druggist; W. R. Lewis, Philadelphia, Harry C. Seeger, Fayette, Miss.; Cly Smith, City, Miss., member of legislature; L. M. Miss., retired timberman; Marvin B. Henley, Fayette, Miss.; H. B. Porter, Fayette, Miss.; Coody, Yazoo City, Miss., member of legis Philadelphia, Miss., member of legislature . James C. Coleman, Fayette, Miss.; Edwin W. lature; E. F. Thigpen, Yazoo City, Miss., mem from Neshoba County; H. G. King, Philadel King, Fayette, Miss.; G . P. Gammill, Fayette, ber of l_egislature; William W. Pearce, Yazoo phia, Miss., Ford dealer; R. J. Davis, Phila Miss.; F. E. Gammill, Fayette, Miss.; Jim Wal City, Miss., nineteenth district, State senator. delphia, Miss., farmer; R. R. Barham, Phila lace, Fayette, Miss.; A. Hirsch, Fayette, Miss.; C. L. Graehes, Yazoo City, Miss., mayor of delphia, Miss., farmer; L. M. Munn, Philadel B. E. Montgomery, Fayette, Miss.; A. M. Mc Yazoo City, Miss.; R. J. Whelan, Jr., Yazoo phia, Miss., farmer; W. McArthur, Philadel Donald, Fayette, Miss.; Frank Kemp, Fayette, City, Miss., member of board of aldermen; phia, Miss., planter. Miss.; L. E. Case, Fayette, Miss.; A. 0. Vaughn, Charles D. Hiell, Yazoo City, Miss., member U. L. Busby, Waynesboro, Miss., member Sr., Fayette, Miss.; R. F. Lehman, Fayette, of board of aldermen; R. M; Middleton, legislature, Mississippi; Carlos Trigg, Waynes Miss.; W. H. Winters, Fayette, Miss., county Yazoo City, Miss., member of board of alder- boro, Miss., ex-chancery clerk, Wayne County, superintendent of education; 0. E. Hammett, - men; J. T. Grantham, Yazoo City, Miss., Miss.; Mrs. !.ee West., Waynesboro, Miss, far Fayette, Miss., tax assessor; J. M. Johnson, member board of aldermen; J. B. Cobb, Yazoo mer; V. B. McWhorter, Waynesboro, Miss., Fayette, Miss., doctor; F. Ruobles, Fayette, City, Miss., city clerk of Yazoo City; D. W. banker; S. T . Mcilwain, Waynesboro, Miss.,- Miss., contractor; E. B. O'Quinn, Fayette, Love, Yazoo City, Miss., secretary· ot chamber 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4139 'of commerce; W. H. Chilton, Yazoo City, Miss., clerk; Mrs. Roger B. Johnson, Cleveland, Miss., housewife; 0. L. Troutman, Carthage, city marshal; F. H. Griffin, Yazoo City, Miss., Miss.; George H. Chadwick, Carthage, Miss., Miss, trucking and farming; Mrs. 0. L. pres. Planters Hardware Co.; K. H. Dunaway, motion pictures. Troutman, Carthage, Miss., housewife; F. E. Yazoo City, Miss., Dunaway & Bankston; s. C. Ellis, Carthage, Miss., merchant; J. A. Murphy, Carthage, Miss., retail clerk; Mrs. F. Sue w. Matt, Yazoo City, Miss., Yazoo City Chadwick, Carthage, Miss., M. D.; Louis E. Murphy, Carthage, Miss., housewife; Mrs. Herald; Muse Davis, Yazoq City, Miss., editor, Dickens, Carthage, Miss., contractor; L. H. Rose Varhes, Carthage, Miss., bookkeeper; Yazoo City Herald; G. P. LaBane, Yazoo City, Sanders, Carthage, Miss., merchant; George Johnnie Phillips, Carthage, Miss., electrician; Miss., J. P.; H. H. Anderson, Yazoo City, Wilcox, Carthage, Miss·., undertaker; Dr. A. D. Mrs. Johnnie Phillips, Carthage, Miss., house Miss., Anderson Drug Co.; E. A. Smith, Dumas, Carthage, Miss., M. D.; Wilbur M. wife; Eugene Waggons, Carthage, Miss., store Yazoo City, Miss.; E. J. Ferris, Yazoo City, Jordan, Carthage, Miss., ex-soldier; Charley clerk; Mrs. Eugene Waggons, Carthage, Miss., Miss.; D. M. Nicholas, Yazoo City, Miss., Brown, Jr., Carthage, Miss., farmer; W. N. housewife; Hagan Dickens, Carthage, Miss., Yazoo Motor Company; A. Moses, Yazoo City, Morton, Carthage, Miss., dairyman; Alexan merchant; Mrs. G. C. O'Cain, Carthage, Miss., Miss., Miss. Tobacco Co.; R. K. Whitehead, der G. Dumas, Jr., Carthage, Miss., ex-soldier; housewife; G. C. O'Cain, farmer; H. T. Bilbre, Yazoo City, Miss., Miss. Tobacco Co.; W. G. George F. Dossett, Carthage, Miss., manager, Carthage, Miss., farmer. Carr, Yazoo City, Miss., Carr's Drug Store; Miss. Power & Light Co.; Clay S. Hall, Car 0. L. Presley, Carthage, Miss., . farmer; Ed. W. M. Saxton, Yazoo City, Miss., Saxton thage,. Miss., farmer; G. T. ·Harrell, Carthage, Cobb, Carthage, Miss., city marshal; Mrs. Ed. Gardner Hardware Co.; J. B. Barbour, Jr., Miss., farmer; Sam Kemp, Carthage, Miss.; Cobb, Carthage, Miss., housewife; B. L. Allen, Yazoo City, Miss., Saxton Gardner Hardware C. E. Harrell, Carthage, Miss., farmer; Owen Carthage, Miss., contractor; W. N. Lyle, Car Co.; w. H. Barbour, Yazoo City, Miss., Sax Carpenter, Carthage, Miss., farmer; A. N. thage, Miss., unemployed; Mrs. Gussie May ton Gardner Hardware Co.; Geo. Moses, Padget, Carthage, Miss., chief; Horatio Bal Lyle, Carthage, Miss., housewife; Mrs. Norma Yazoo City, Miss.; L. A. Wise, Yazoo City, lenger, Carthage, Miss., ex-soldier; R. J. Ang A. Lyle, Carthage, Miss., hou_sewife; J. L. Me Miss.; C. Livingston, Yazoo City, Miss., insur lin, Carthage, Miss., farmer; J. C. Davis, Jr., Donald, Carthage, Miss., farmer; Mrs. J. L. ance; B. J. Barrier, Jr., Yazoo City, Miss.; Carthage, Miss., soldier; Ernest E. Darrell, McDonald, Carthage, Miss., housewife; Mr. automobile dealer; W. A. Henry, Yazoo City, Sr., Carthage, Miss., building material mer Roy F. Lutts, Carthage, Miss., carpenter; Mrs. Miss.; T. H. Campbell, Yazoo City, Miss.; chant;· R. H. Sharp, Carthage, Miss., Watkins Roy F. Lutts, Carthage, Miss., housewife; · T. H. Campbell, Jr., Yazoo City, Miss.; Lamar dealer; E. E. Darrill, Carthage, Miss., brick Clyde A. Lutts, Carthage, Miss., Mississippi Smith, Yazoo City, Miss.; member board of mason; B. F. Taylor, Carthage, Miss., owner Power & Light; Mrs. Fannie Lutty, Carthage, supervisors, Yazoo County; M. T. Reed, Bel and dry cleaner; H. 0. Darnell, Carthage, Miss., housewife; R. W. Mauer, Carthage, zoni, Miss.; B. DeVan ;Hansall, Okolona, Miss., Miss.; Mrs. H. 0. Darnell, Carthage, Miss., Miss., Ford dealer; Mrs. Irma Mauer, Car M. D.; John Horan, Water Valley, Miss., law housewife; Sam R. Martin, Carthage, Miss., thage, Miss., housewife; W. D. Arnold, Acker yer; Rev. Paul N. Harlan, Water Valley, Miss.; Dodge & Plymouth dealer; Mrs. Sam R. Mar-. man, Miss., M. D.; T. H. Sheedy, Ackerman, L. E. Thomas, Water Va)ley, Miss., carpenter; tin, Carthage, Miss., housewife; M.D. Reagan, Miss., farmer; Joe M. Barron, Ackerman, C. B. Busby, Water Valley, Miss., sheriff; J. R. Carthage, Miss., hardware; Tulen Johnson, Miss·., farmer; L. L. Cork, Ackerman, Miss., · Porter, Water Valley, Miss., mechanic; A. L. Carthage, Miss., sawmill owner; E. T. Moss, farmer; H. F. Latimer, Jackson, Miss., Sec. Poindexter, Water Valley, Miss., sawmill; J. L. . Carthage, Miss., cafe owner; W. C. Beard, Jr., Magnolia State Printing Co.; J. L. Adams, : Olyshant, Water Valley, Miss., farmer; E. R. Carthage; Miss., clerk; W. M. Hardage, ·Car Gloster, Miss., town clerk, ins., and banker; Walton, Water Valley, Miss., retired farmer; thage, Miss., auto dealer; G. W. Parker, Car C. W. Clark, Gloster, Miss., farmer; J. T. J. R. McCarty, Water Valley, Miss., merchant; thage, Miss., deputy sheriff; Guy McGivney, . E. R. Perkins; Water Valley, Miss., clerk, farm Lowrey, Gloster, Miss., banker and attorney; Carthage, Miss., clerk; Hal A. Halford, Car L, J. Simmons, Gloster, Miss., banker; Worth er; Mrs. E. R. Walton, Water Valley, Miss., thage, Miss., farming; B. B. Reems, Carthage, Jackson, Gloster, Miss., banker and planter; housewife; Edith W. McCarty, Water Valley, Miss., radio mechanic; R. E. Perry, Carthage, T. S. Conerly, Gloster, Miss., alderman and Miss., bookkeeper; Hamric Henry, Water Val- Miss., contractor; J. 0. Caldwell, Carthage, · ley, Miss., undertaker; . W, F. Henry, Water agent for Standard Oil; G . D. McLain, Gloster, Miss., clerk; Herbert Hardage, Carthage, Miss., Miss., mayor-planter-broker; W. R. Conerly, . Valley, Miss., retired boilermaker; Leva hardware; Herman T. Johnson, Carthage, Henry, Water Valley, Miss., teacher; Evelyn Gloster, Miss., owner-operator, Shady Rest Miss., ex-soldier; Ralph Harris, Carthage, . Service Station; Frank Mize, Forest, Miss., T. Perkins, Water Valley, Miss., housewife; Miss., store-manager; T. L. Purvis, mgr., Mrs. Robert McLacty, Water Valley, Miss., motor-vehicle commissioner; Mrs. J. D. Far Carthage, Miss., cold storage & curing plant; ris, Vicksburg, Miss., owner of grocery store. housewife. Mrs. T. L. Purvis, Carthage, Miss., housewife; W. B. Williams, Water Valley, Miss., farmer; And many other whose signatur~s came in E. R. Gayne, Carthage, Miss., farmer; Mable late. · R. W. Tyler, Water Valley, Miss., farmer; R. Gayne, Carthage, Miss., housewife; J. H. A. G. _Carter, Water Valley, Miss., insurance Howell, Carthage, Miss., justice of the peace; Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, I now agent; H. A. McDonald, Water Valley, Miss., Mrs. J. H. Howell, Carthage, Miss., housewife; yield to the Senator from Tennessee farmer; I. W. Bush, D.D.S., Carrollton, Miss., Edd Jackson, Carthage, Miss., barber; Ira F. [Mr.McECELLAR]. president Mississippi State Board of Dental Ellis, Carthage, Miss., barber. Examiners, North Carrollton, Miss.; W. T. Reed Gardner, Carthage, Miss., Western Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the Sanders, Carrollton, Miss., merchant; J. M. Auto Supply; Mrs. Bud Gardner, Carthage, Senator from Tennessee yield to me to · Corley, McCarley, Miss., Baptist minister; Miss., housewife; H. 0. Horn, Ca:rthage, Miss., suggest the absence of a quorum? W. T. Terney, North Carrollton, Miss., mayor; barber; Mrs. H. 0. Horn, Carthage, Miss., Mr. McKELLAR. I yield to the Sena W. E. Beck, Carrollton, Miss., merchant; J. L. housewife; F. J. Doss, Carthage, Miss., Circuit tor from Alabama. . Ashmore, Carrollton, Miss., farmer; S. E. Clerk; Mrs. F. J . Doss, Carthage, Miss., house Moore, Carrollton, Miss., clothing salesman; Mr. HILL. I suggest the absence of a wife; L. V. McBeth, Carthage, Miss., farming; quorum. · R. C. Price, Carrollton, Miss., minister, Pente Mrs. L v. McBeth, Carthage, Miss., housewife; costal Church; Edwin S. Moore, Carrollton, · W. B. Watkins, Carthage, Miss., barber; Mrs. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Miss., Adm. Govt. Employee; C. L. Bennett, W. B. Watkins, Carthage, Miss., housewife; B. clerk will call the roll. , Carrollton, Miss., contractor and builder; L. Wallace, Carthage, Miss., auto mechanic; The legisaltive clerk called the roll, and Jack Willoughby, Carrollton, Miss., carpenter; Mrs. B. L. Wallace, 0arthage, Miss., housewife; J. S. Ulanx, Columbus, Miss.; A. J. Rombach, the following Senators answered to their W. D. Sanders, Carthage, Miss., recreation Columbus, Miss.; Jno. B. Sale, Columbus, names: Miss.; A. D. Myer, Columbus, Miss.; D. W. owner; Mrs. W. D. Sanders, Carthage, Miss., Austin Hart May bank Mosby, Columbus, Miss.; L. J. Frank, Sr., Co housewife; W. B. Harrell, Carthage, Miss., Ball Hatch Russell lumbus, Miss., J. P., · district 2; Ben H. Dee, · farmer; Medse Horrell, Carthage, Miss., Barkley Hayden Saltonstall housewife; Guy Slay, Carthage, Misfr., farmer; Bilbo Hill Shipstead Columbus, Miss.; T. K. Wells, Columbus, Bushfield Johnston, S.C. Smith Miss.; W. W. Bush, Columbus, Miss.; Estelle Mrs. Guy Slay, Carthage, Miss., housewife; 0. S. Mills, Carthage, Miss., farmer; W. R. Carville Knowland Thomas, Okla. Royals, Columbus, Miss.; Powell Fleming, Downey La Follette Tydings Columbus, Miss.; Frank Fleming, Columbus, Sereence, Carthage, Miss., farmer; Mrs. W. R. Fulbright Langer Miss.; F. N. Gerhart, Columbus, Miss.; M. L. Sereence, Carthage, Miss., housewife; Murray Gerry McKellar F. Ray, Carthage, Miss., owner auto lee store; Rozenzweig, Columbus, Miss.; Carl McKellar, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty Columbus, Miss.; Gray McKellar, Columbus, Mrs. Murray F. Ray, Carthage, Miss., house ·· Miss.; Chas. Caldwell, Columbus, Miss.; S. C. wife; B. L. M.cAdory, Carthage, Miss., farmer; five Senators have answered to their Woolbright, Columbus, Miss.; J. A. Wakes, Mardid McAdory, Carthage, Miss., housewife; names. A quorum is not present. The Columbus, Miss.; J. A. Goolbly, Columbus, Tony Dawelee, Carthage, Miss., ex-soldier; clerk will call the names of the absent M .iss.; Ralph F. McKinney, Columbus, Miss.; W. J. Grisham, Carthage, Miss., concrete mfg.; Senators. C. P. Nash, Columbus, Miss.; L. E. St. John, L. H. Horn, Carthage, Miss., merchant;' Mrs. The legislative clerk called the names Columbus, Miss.; Leslie I. Uondrumfer, Co Paul Lee, Carthage, Miss., merchant; Mrs. J. J. Speed, Carthage, Miss., clerk; J. P. Robin, of the absent Senators and Mr. CAPPER, lumbus, Miss.; E. C. Otis, Columbus, Miss.; Mr. fERGUSON, Mr. GURNEY, Mr. MAGNU H. Edwards King, Columbus, Miss.; Henry . Carthage, Miss., farming; J. M. King, Car Bowlill, Columbus, Miss.; T. I. Halber, Colum- thage, Miss., live stock dealer; Mrs. J. M. King, SON, Mr. McCARRAN, Mr. McCLELLAN, Mr. ' Miss.; Ralph F. McKinney, Columbus, Miss.; Carthage, Miss., housewife; C. L. Bilber, Car MILLIKIN, Mr. MURDOCK, Mr. REVERCOMB, W. B. Alexander, Cleveland, Miss., lawyer; thage, Miss.; Mrs. C. L. Bilber, Carthage, Miss., Mr. STEWART, Mr. TAFT, Mr. TAYLOR, Mr. M. L. Kaupman, Rosedale, Miss., lawyer; W. E. housewife; B. 1<,. Hogue, Carthage, Miss., mgr. ~NELL, Mr. WHERRY, and Mr. WILEY LUton, Shaw, Miss., planter and ex-chancery Hogue Lbr. Co.; Mrs. B. F. Hogue, Carthage! answered to their names when called. 4140 CONGRESS! ON AL-·RECORD-HENATE APRIL ~ 26 The . PRESIDING 'OFFICER. Forty .known · at any time on this good earth. their lives; and-that-countless others were Senators having answered to their . Our Army and· Navy were made almost wounded: . . . . names, there is not a quorum present. perfect. We were not preparing for But for. the first time in history, and Mr. BARKLEY; I move that the Ser direct defense of our own shores but the due largely to our leadership, an organ geant at Arms be directed to request President prepared our forces and s~mt . ization has been achieved· to keep her·e the attendance of absent Senators. them to Great Britain to be trained. after the peace of the world. What its The PRESIDING OFFICER. The They were later sent to Africa, to the outcome will be, of course, no one can question is on the motion of the Senator shores of the Mediterranean, and around foretell, but those of us who have been from Kentucky. to Russia itself so that Germany was as fighting for such an organization since The motion was agreed to. saulted from every side. 1917 have hope that we .may be able to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Before our Army and Navy, and Air bring about a peaceful world in the Sergeant at Arms will execute the order Corps could be put in condition Japan, future. · of the Senate. taking advantage of what she must have As a result of the two wars, the one in After a little delay; Mr."MITCHELL, Mr. felt was our weakness, because we were Europe and the other in Asia, we find WILLIS, and Mr. HAWKES entered the carrying on a war in Europe, and while Russia stronger than before. We find Chamber and answered to their names. her envoys here were pretending friend Great Britain probably weaker than be- . After a little further delay, Mr. GREEN, ship, stealthily gave us the blow at Pearl fore. We find G~rmany and Japan Mr. CORDON, . Mr. RADCLIFFE, Mr. Harbor on December 7, 1941. At that prostrate, but still capable of coming O'DANIEL, Mr. MURRAY, and Mr. . BRIGGS time Japan ·was perhaps the second back if they do right. However, in any entered the Chamber and answered to strongest military nation in the world. event it will be years before they ever re their names. · Thus, instead of being at war with only gain anything like their former places The PRESIDING OFFICER. Forty one great military power 3,000 miles among the nations of the world. . . , nine Senators have answered to their across the Atlantic, we found ourselves .When we entered the war with Great names. A quorum is present. in a bitter contest with the second great Britain we .not only furnished her with Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I est military power 7,000 miles away in our. armies and ammunition, our· glins wish to speak for a few moments .about · Asia. Did that deter our people? Did · and our food, but we gave . to her the the pending measure, Senate Joint Reso · that deter our President? Did that deter greatest financial bounties ever known lution 138, proposing to make a loan our Government. . Not at all. We· im under the form of what was tecine.d of $3,750,000,000 to Great Britain .. mediately redoubled our efforts and built "lend-lease.". Many people think we Very frankly, Mr. President, this another Army and Navy, Marine Corps, have done enough for Great Britain. measure has given me a great deal of and Air Corps, and sent them across the Oftentimes lbave felt the same way, but, trouble, and I know it has given evet:y -Pacific to strike back the assassin assault Senators, there .is another side to this other Member of the Senate trouble. In from Japan. To fight those two wars at question and. we must be ver-y careful considering it, I have changed my mind the same time was a monumental under and make no mistake. several times; but finally I believe I have taking but America arose to the occasion. The entire.world is in a state of unrest reached a just conclusion, and l wish By September 1942 Germany had- not and upheaval.·. Many .old landmarks, to give the Senate and the country my only -overrun France but most of central many old. constitutions and old govern reasons for reaching that conclusion. and western Europe. She also had over ments have fallen. · Many new isms are Seven years ago the United States was run Austria, and the Balkan States, had springing up in almost every country. one of the five great nations of the world taken all of European Russia, and was at Many of these new . ideas and isms are -Germany, Great Britain, Russia, the gates of Stalingr.ad on the Caspian dangerous not only to the peace of. the Japan, and the United States. Just Sea. We then took another marvelous world but to the prosperity and happi what place the United States then held wartime venture. We sent by ship, food, ness of the world. Above all, they are among the five great nations wa.s -a guns, ammunition, supplies, and air dangerous to the security of the world. matter of question, doubt, and opinion. planes through the Suez Canal and up Those of us who believe in a peaceful Then in 1939 Germany invaded Poland, the Persian Gulf, across the intervening world, those of us who believe in an edu and in 1940 moved into Denmark and land and over the Caspian Sea, and cated world, those of us who believe in a Norway and overran France and the brought aid to the Russians at Stalin successful world, those of us who believe Low Countries arid made war ori Great grad; Immediately after receiving those in a sound economic world, must pauSe, Britain and other countries: At that supplies, guns, ammunition, and planes and be. careful, and prudent; and level time Germany w.as perhaps the strongest Russia drove back the Germans until she headed, so that no mistakes will be made military nation which ever existed on finally removed thein from Russian soil in the new order of things. the face of the earth. She was batter entirely, and attacked Germany on her Everyone admits that the United ing at the very gates of London and, with homeland. We all know the result. Ger States has, during these wars, forged her airplanes, was destroying ·that city many fell first, and the Allies, led by the · away out in front, and has been in the as well as other parts of Great Britain, United States, took charge of her coun- lead of all the nations. In this positio~ and forced the Dunkerque evacuation. try. _ of leadership-a leadership greater than In another 2 weeks, if we had not en In the meantime the fighting in the was ever before enjoyed by any other tered the war by sending aid, Hitler Far East was getting closer and closer to nation-we must be exceedingly careful. would have been ruling from London and the islands of Japan. The atomic bomb We must not go off at a tangent. We the British Empire, perhaps, would have had been perfected and was on its way must be fair and just, and even generous, been no more. there, and in August of last year the Air to all the nations of the world. Frankly. President Roosevelt took the fateful ·Forces dropped our atomic bomb on Hiro I think we have been, and our attitude in step in sending aid beginning. in 1940. shima. Eight days later Japan capitu that regard has often troubled me and No one at that time could have foretold lated, and the United States took charge caused me to pause. We have been the outcome. Indeed, it seemed certain of that country and has charge of it yet. exceedingly generous. that Germany was so strong that no Thus in not much more than 5 years Now we come to the pending joint power could withstand her might. Presi we had been the principal factor in win resolution. It simply provides that we dent Roosevelt took the bull by the horns ning the two greatest wars that had ever lend this large sum of money to Great and started preparations for the greatest been fought among men on this earth. Britain as a line of credit, at 2 percent, war the world has ever known. . Congress We went into the ·war as one of the five and the · payment of interest will not passed the necessary laws and our boys great nations of the earth; we came out start until January 1, 1951. were conscripted. Our factories began of the war as the leading Nation of all There are those who say they would running overtime, and munitions, guns, the earth, the strongest, the most power not object to making this loan if Great and airplanes were rapidly manufac ful, the richest, and the most successful Britain had paid the loans she received tured. Our farms were put to work as Nation that perhaps ever existed. It is from us before. There is much in this never before, and in a relatively short true that we spent more than $350,000,- contention. Yet there are a number of time we had the greatest force of arms 000,000 on that war. It is true that we things we must consider. Among these and ammunition, the greatest force of spent $2,600,000,000 on an experimental are: · food, supplies, and equipment, and the bomb. It is true, unfortunately, that First. She-Great Britain-received a greatest armada of air strength ever many of our splendid young men lost · terrible drubbing at the hands of Ger- 194~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4141 many before.Germany was whipped. · A nations of the world, to, do right, and -lished and peaceful relationship in the number of her cities were demolished, to keep · the peace. Great Britain is · world. It is recommended by our Secre and London was terrifically damaged. bound to us by ties of kinship. Our peo tary of the Treasury, Mr. Fred Vinson, Sscond. She was separated from her ple speak the same language. Our in who has charge of the financing of this colonies,· and many of them were taken stitutions are similar, but ours are much loan. Mr. Vinson urgently requests the a way from her. · stronger because our institutions, if kept loan. He has had a remarkable c·areer. Third. Her foreign trade, on which intact, insure the freedom of all our peo He has done and is doing a fine job in the she depends so largely, was practically ple. Under these circumstances, it Treasury and I have great confidence in entirely destroyed. seems to me that we must take a chance. him. · Fourth. Her people were impoverished, We took a ' tremendous chance in going The next official to recommend it is and while she came out of the war one into the war at all when we might have our Secretary of S~ate, Mr. James F. of the victors, still she was relatively stepped aside. I remember we took a Byrnes. We have all known Mr. Byrnes nothing like as strong after the war as chance early in the war in experiment for ·many years. He served with us . . I she was before she was assaulted· by ing with the atomic bomb. We spent have known him for a period of 34 years. Germany. $2,600,000,000 on a chance of its being I served with him in the House. I served Under these circumstances · she has a great weapon, and we succeeded, and with him in the Senate. I did not always applied to us for this huge loan. We what we· invested was paid back to us in agree with him. He did not always agree have not the money, but we can extend the saving of the lives of many .of our with me. But Mr. Byrnes is a very able to her this line of credit to be drawn boys. It is difficult to dete-rmine how ·man . . He is an honest and forceful man . . upon during the next· 5 years. However, many lives were saved by the use of the He has grown in mental stature with it is said that she will not return it if we atomic bomb in Japan . . We spent more the years. He is a very able statesman. lend it. Of course, that may ·'be true. than $350,000,000,000 on this war, and He is a very forceful statesman, and I On the other hand, let·us remember, we it looks as if we have a contract in the want to say as to his action in the United · being the most powerful nation in the UN organization which may maintain Nations Council in. the case of Iran-: world, that if we do· not collect the debt the peace of the world in the future. formerly commonly known as Pzrsia it will be our fault, because there will be Of course, we took an enormous chance that he took a stand which I admired many ways of our compelling Great in going -into the war- and in carrying . then very__ much and still admire very Britain to repay the debt if she should. on the war to its successful conclusion. much. His opinion has great ·weight undertake not to pay it. I do not be. Therefore I think we should again take with me. · . lieve she will fail to attempt to pay it. a chance and spend this $3,750,000,000 Again, Mr. President, the President of We must remember that rep~yment of in making tpis loan. the United States recommends this loarr. the loan, under the agreement, is to be I believe it would be the means of He is tremendously interested in it. He made in 50 annual payments, beginning bringing our country and Great Britain honestly believes that it is best for · our at the end of 1951, and the conditions closer together, -of bringing about a bet country. He thinks we are in duty bound under which the interest may be waived ter understanding, and.relieve her neces ·under all the circumstances to make this are so severe as to require a crisis in sities created by the war; and .I believe loan. - He thinks it would be best for us world economic conditions for such· that the result will be to.the benefit, not .and, of··course, will be best for Great waiver of interest to occur. ·only of Great Britain but to the benefit Britain. I have great respect and ad We must also remember that Great of America. .miration for Mr. Truman, the President Britain agrees to aid our businessmen Some may say there ought to be con ·of the United States. He served with.me in their trading by doing away with ex ditions attached; that we ought to be on the Appropriations Committee of the change controls and abolishing the so given certain islands now belonging to .Senate for a number of years. He is called sterling-area dollar p')ol, thus Great Britain some of which we forti level-headed. He is falr-minded. He is assuring unlimited use of American or fied for our own defense and for the de diligent in the business of his govern- British money in normal business trans fense of Great Britain. Others say that, _ment. I think he is a great statesman actions. at least we ought to have the bases on and in the questions that arise about We must also remember that Great English soil . at various places in the foreign. policy-and- remember, this is Britain agrees to adjust her-debts to the world which we held during the war for our foreign policy, and we have consti members· of the Empire-though not by the defense of both ourselves and Eng tuted the President and ·the State De use of the loan we would make-so as to land: There is much in these conten partment to be guards over it-! think we reduce the burden on international trade. tions. I can well see how anyone-could .had better follow the lead of our Presi- There is also an agreement for the ·think we ought to lend this money only dent. Therefore, I shall vote for this expansion of world trade, and in this ·on such conditions; yet, on the other loan. connection we must remember that be ..hand, Senators, who is there in this body In closing let me add that the ·Presi fore the war Great Britain was our best who would, under any circumstances, be dent has never talked to me personally customer. She bought about $500,000,- willing to yield any part of our soil upon about this loan. My friend, Jimmie 000 worth of goods from us ·each year. a show of force, economic or military? Byrnes, Secretary of State, has never She bought cottori and tobacco, · grains Suppose in a similar sit"uation, · when talked to me personally about this loan . and fruits, metals and meats, machinery, the positions were reversed, it should be .I have received no communication from automobiles, and other finished products. ·suggested that we yield bases on the New him on the subject. I have reached this Her trade is important to us and impor England coast, on the south Atlantic conclusion solely and alone in an effort tant to the world. If Great Britain coast, the Gulf coast, or on the Pacific to arrive at a judgment on the merits of :flounders financially, all the world coast. Is there a Senator who would .this measure and to do what is best for suffers. vote for such a proposal? We know there our country which we all love so dearly From all this I have reached a con ·is not. There is not a Member of this . and of which we are all so proud at this clusion which makes me sure she will body who would be wiiling to yield any moment of the world's history. pay the principal and interest of this part of our soil upon a show of force, We are the leading nation in the world debt. The terms are easy. The interest either economic or military. I am sure today. In asking us to make this loan payments are relatively small, spread if each of us will ask himself that ques Great Britain concedes this. We must over a long series of years, and Great tion, the answer must be that we could tal{e a leader's part. We must aid this ~ Britain cannot expect to remain a great not bring ourselves to take such a ally. nation unless she does pay this debt. I ·course. VIe do not know what questions may ·hope Senators will remember this: Great There is another thing to be con arise in the world of tomorrow. I ask Britain cannot expect to remain a great sidered. Of course, under our Consti Senators to listen to this. We do not ' nation unless she pays this debt. tution and laws this loan cannot be made know what questions may arise in the There is another feature in the situa without the approval of the Congress. · world of tomorrow. We might need an tion which we must not overlook. · At However, it has been recommended by ally again. What ally could be more im the present time three great nations the President. It has been recommended portant that one of our own blood and overshadow the world. We have a peace by the Secretary of State, Mr. Byrnes, kind? Of our own race and creed? . Of : understanding with the other two, and who is ·now dealing with the nations of our own conception of right and justice? a general understanding with all the the world in bringing ·about an estab- Of our own belief in the private rights XCII--262 4142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 of men and women to make a living? Of breaking the bottlenecks of critical pro - Liquidation Commissioner_ returned to our own belief in private business and our grams to exploit every possible source this country on April 4, 1946, and al ·own belief in an economy which provides ·which could provide the necessarY. ma though a meeting was finally held at the -that individuals shall make their own terials and machinery. I think there White House on Wednesday, April ·17, way in the world? ·Of our own devotion can be no doubt that the agency which 1946, the Director of War Mobilization to constitutional and legal government? is principally charged with this responsi and Reconversion has not yet today And our own devotion to the freedom of bility is the Office of War Mobilization taken any positive, clear action on this men and women? and Reconversion. The Director of the most important matter. I was still more Looking to our future and especially to Office of War Mobilization and Reconver amazed to learn that apparently he con our future security as a Nation, there is sion had the authority and he had the templates taking no further action. no way, in my judgment, to avoid making responsibility. Mr. President, the hearing of the Mead this loan. Mr. President, it is, likewise, well committee on the return of civilian criti RETURN OF CRITICAL SURPLUS ITEMS known that huge quantities of building cal items apparently did not even im FROM OVERSEAS materials and critical construction rna- press. Mr. Snyder, the Director of the . chinery are held by the Army and the Office of War Mobilization and Recon Mr. TUNNELL obtained the floor. Navy. It is also well known tb.at of the version, as being of great importance. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I was building materials and machinery which He sent Mr. Harold Stein, Chief of the asked by the Senator from Mississippi the s~rvices hold, a large proportion has Stock Piling and Surplus Property Divi [Mr. BILB.oJ, who had the floor and yield been declared surplus. Of this surplus sions of the Office of War Mobilization ed to me, to yield to the distinguished a great deal is presently located overseas. and Reconversion. A review of the rec Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SAL As a member of the subcommittee of ord of that hearing cannot fail to im TONSTALL]. ·the Mead committee which recently in press one that Mr. Stein knew practically The PRESIDING OFFICER veralls, and crises that are sure to arise if our For example, the committee has been largely used by the factory worker, are citizens are denied the tools and ma informed by the Civilian Production Ad being produced at the rate of 500,000 terials with which to work. We can ill ministration that the estimated present dozen pairs per year, while the estimated afford to have scarcity amidst rapidly rate of production of asphalt roofing .of demand for 1946 is 600 ,000 dozen pairs. rising prices much longer. all types is about 69,120,000 squares an Mr. President, there is no doubt in my Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I have nually. The estimated demand during mind that large quantities of the items just been handed copy of a release issued 1946 for these types of roofing, which will which I have mentioned are contained in by Mr. John W. Snyder, Director of War be used extensively in the veterans' hous stocks of the Army and the Navy. in its Mobiliz~ tion and Reconversion, with ing program, is 72,175,000 squares. hundreds of overseas installations. This reference to matters which have been dis Cast-iron soil pipe is being produced was recognized through the issuance of cuss~d today by- the S3nator from Dela at present at the rate of 324,000,000 tons the critical list mentioned by the senior ·ware [Mr. TUNNELL] and the Senator_ annually. While the peak rate of pro Senator from Delaware. from California [Mr. KNowLAND]. Mr. duction obtained in prewar years was The Mead committee is now seeking to Snyder states that it was always the 564,000,000 tons per year, the estimated obtain the statistics on quantities of some earnest desire of his office to cooperate demand for this item during 1946 is 645,- of these items which are located abroad. with the Soecial ·committee To Investi 000,000 tons. There is little doubt that In my opinion, these are facts which gate the National Defense Program.· I a large percentage of. this cast-iron soil should have been ascertained by the Of have not had a chance to read the release pipe will also go into the veterans~ hous fice of War Mobilization and Reconver in full, but I ask unanimous consent that . ing program, where it will be badly need sion many months ago. Apparently that it may be inserted in the RECORD follow ed during 1946 and for several. years to office made no effort to ascertain such ing the remarks of tne Senator from come. facts. California, whose remarks followed im current production of all species and When these figures are obtained, I will' mediately after those of the Senator sizes of lumber is at .the rate of about urge that the committee make them pub from Delaware [Mr. TUNNELL]. 27,500,000,000 board feet per year. The lic immediately, in order that the execu There being no objection, the release estimated 1946 demand is 36,700,000,000 tive departments and the people of the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, board feet. ' country generally may understand ex as follows: While we all recognize that the stocks actly what they have been deprived of In answer to questions raised by the Sen of the Army and Navy should not be through the inaction of the agency re ate War Investigating Committee, John W. reduced, either in the continental United sponsible for protecting and advancing Snyder, Director of War Mobilization and States or in overseas installations, to a the interests of our domestic economy. Reconversion, reported today on actions· point which would require their going I also wish to emphasize the point made taken by his office to expedite the return o! into the open market in the United States by the senior Senator from Delaware that critical surplus items from overseas. in competition with private business, I although there has been procrastination To date, a total of 163 Army and Navy vessels have returned or are en route from believe that all will agree that these and delay in this matter, there still re the Pacific with cargoes of surplus material, stocks should be reduced to the absolute mains an opportunity to accomplish some a large proportion of which-consists of criti operating minimum. good, if action is now taken forthwith. cally needed civilian-type items~ Mr. Snyder Mr. President, small business in the According to the information received by said. Of these, 95 are Navy ships .and 68 are United States l).as been engaged for sev the committee from the War Shipping Army ships. An additional 122 ships re eral months, and is· currently in the Administration, anything that can be turning critically needed surplus materials process of retooling and otherwise refit loaded on vessels between now and July will arrive by September 1946. This m.eans ting its shops and factories for the pro 1, 1946,-especially from the European ·and that between Fepruary and September, 1946, a total of 285 Army and N~vy vessels will duction of countless items for civilian Mediterranean theaters, will be returned have arrived from Pacific ports with a total consumption. The future health of. our by the War Shipping Administration to cargo of 2,000,000 tons of surplus materials, country's economy depends in large part this country for the Army and the Navy the major portion of them new or serviceable upon the ability of this segment of Amer without a freight charge. That leaves items usable by civilians, Mr. Snyder said. ican business to obtain needed supplies us approximately 60 days in which to Among the items returned are: new lumber for this process of retooling.· take advantage of this economy in ship and other building materials, machine tools, ping. I also wish to emphasize that the construction machinery, automotive mainte One of the items most needed is a nance equipment, laboratory in&truments, great quantity of fractional-horsepower War Shipping Administration ~as stated medical instruments and equipment, stor motors, needed to drive the tools in these ·to the committee that they can move any age batteries and electrical equipment, and factories and shops. The current pro quantity that the Army and Navy are able scarce metals. · duction of fractional-horsepower motors · to load aboard their vessels. This r.ecord has been made possible by the in standard sizes and types is at the rate ·If this problem is attacked with a will, following actions taken by the OWMR: of 850,000 units a year. Our peak rate we still can achieve great beneftt to our 1. On January 23, Mr. Snyder issued in of production during prewar years was domestic economy; and I personally urge structions to the War Department to return attained during 1 month in 1941 at tlie Office of War Mobilization and Re to the United States 31 ships predominantly loaded with civilian-type items of surplus. a figure of 1,546,000 units. The Civilian conversion, in spite of past performance, These ships had never been unloaded, and Production Administration ·estimates to attack this problem· immediately and had been at anchorage for several months. that pent-up demaq.d in 1946, including vigorously· and enlist the enthusiastic 2. On February is, Mr. ·snyder instructed orders placed and accepted and estimated cooperation. of the services in rapidly the War and Navy Departments to ship baclc orders not yet eccepted, totals 30,000,000 loading the vessels· which are· available to the United States from the Pacific all of these fractional-horsepower motors. with the materials· Which are needed iri civilian-type items, except those which were Such motors · would carry a value of otir domestic economy so desperately. declared surplus locally for sale within a $220,000,000, as compared with our pres':" In closing, Mr. President, may t say reasonable time, provided the items were new or in serviceable condition. To expedite ent rate of $6,240 ,000 of motors annually. that I consider it to b.e a grave derelic the disposal of this surplus in the United Across the Nation, on the farms, in the tion of duty that the Office of War Mobil.: States, instructions were given to make up woods, and in the factories, large and ization and Reconversion has not seen ship loads of the same or similar type m ate small, the workingman needs clothing fit to tadde this problem with vigor anq. rials, and to fly back manifests of ship car for his day-to-day wage earning. The constructive action. A policy should have goes to the United States in advance. 4150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .APRIL 26 8. On February 18, 1946, Mr. Snyder cre They want us to learn to understand faith in our future, faith in our ability, ated an Interagency Committee, under the their· problezps, and they want to be able and faith in the ability of the nations of chairmanship of a representative of the Ci· vilian Production Administration, to prepare to place their confidence in our strength, the world to work with one another for by March 5 a list of critical items that should not only physically, but morally and their own economic well-being. If we be returned, for the guidance of commanding economically. have not this faith, then certainly we officers in the Pacific. Our strength at home lies in our eco.. must not act favorably on this agree· 4. On the same date, Mr. Snyder instructed nomic resources, our well-being, and our ment. the War Assets Administration to hold spe· military power. Our economic strength . In my opinion we are granting this cial prompt sales of this property on its ar· . depends upon the safety and security of credit for the most part to get business rival in the U ited States. the world, not only physically but eco.. for ourselves. We believe it is good busi· 5. On March 1, the Interagency Commit· tee presented its list of critical items, which nomically as well. Freedom from want ness to do what we can to try to restore the War and Navy Departments forwarded to and freedom from fear were two of the the sick and anemic trade in the world commanding officers. This list was revised freedoms announced in the Atlantic to a sound and profitable basis. Our rea· on March 14 to include additional items. Charter, but are yet far from a reality. son for making this loan is 'to help get The Committee remains in existence, and We have faith in the United States. Vfe business for ourselves throughout the adds or removes items from the list as the have faith in its future. Certainly, no world by helping our neighboring coun· situation warrants. Member of this body would sell the - try-England-reestablish itself on a Following is the schedule of ships already United States short today. Faith in our sound economic basis. returned or soon to return from the Pacific with cargoes of critical surplus materials: future grants us certain privileges and Before the war the British Empire pur- involves us in certain responsibilities. chased 42 percent of our e~ports. Of thi~ Return of Army ships from Pacific with I believe that· we must look upon this amount, England alone purchased 17 surplus materials · financial agreement with England as percent. England and the British Com· much more than merely a credit or loan. monwealth of Nations were our best cus· It is a means of further bolstering our tomers. We hope to average in this security and economic well-being by in- country an annual national income of at creasing the chance for a more prosper.. least $140,000,000,000 a year. If we do ous and financially sounder England, not we shall have difficulty in meeting ------1·------and, through the British Commonwealth our tax bills. We hope that in 1946 this .Already returned: Pacific Ocean anchorage (subtotal) ______.______5 23 3-- -- ______of Nations, a stronger world. This agree- figure may be nearer $160,000,000,000 a . To be returned from- mentis an effort on our part to procure year. This estimate is based on Treasury Hawaii (subtotal) ______-- __ -- 5 3 3 2 __ a more prosperous United States and calculations of income-tax payments Japan-Philippine area ______11 9 17 12 8 9 thus create more jobs and opportunities made in March. But to reach this in· Maranias area______3 3 3 3 3 0 for our citizens at home. It is from this come annually, we must export goods Guadalcanal-Noumea area ____ -- __ 3 3 3 3 3 1 background that I look upon this present and machinery. SubtotaL---:------__ 17 15 23 18 14 10 problem. We produce in this country more goods England, with sweat and blood and and machinery than we can sell to our TotaL------5 23 20 20 26 21 16 10 tears, held the fort against the domina- own people. The little difference be· tion of evil forces until we were ready tween a good year and a fair year to us Return of Navy ships from Pacific with with guns and tanks and men. Eng- in the United States depends to a con· surplus materials land's economy has suffered tremen- siderable extent upon the comparatively Number of ships: dously. The ravages of war fell upon the small percentage of our products which · Arrived to date______22 En route______73 homes an<;i industries of England. The we export. The export of from seven to Loading in forward areas ______• 18 war left the people of England a tired ten billion dollars' worth of our. produc. To be loaded______31 nation. In the words of Marriner Eccles, tion may make just that difference. That Chairman of our Federal Reserve Board, may not be true this year or next year Total ______144 "They need a blood transfusion to help .necause of the shortages created by the MonthlyMarch schedule: ______: ____ 11 them regain their international economic war, but it will again become true; and April _.:.______11 health." To restore their foreign trade, when it does, we want to be able to trade which forms and gives them the basis of throughout the world. England has been MaY------40 economic security at home, they need our our best customer, and it is to our ad· June------40 financial help. vantage as a businessman to make it pas- AugustJuly------______.______- 1220 England has always been dependent sible for her to continue as our best cus· September------10 on her exports for her livelihood. Any tomer. We want these goods and rna unfavorable balances of trade have pre· chinery to be paid for in due course. PROPOSED LOAN TO GREAT BRITAIN viously been met by income from securi- England today is a debtor country. The Senate resumed consideration of ties and all types of' investments made England today needs credit. England, the joint resolution The potential possibilities of trade . that we may be strong competitors for ~rmy to become impotent. We permitted with the rest of the world are enormous. world trade, and thus stimulate a better our Navy to lose its effectiveness as an Our citizens represent only 5 percent of world economy. - up-to-date fighting force. We refused to the population of .the world, and yet There are many reason·s why we might arm the bases that might have helped before the war we created about 45 per not make this agreement, but we must secure the safety of our country. We cent of the industrial wealth of the always remember that oftentimes the . completely failed to develop an air force. world-and today, even more. If peace loans which help us the most and give us Now the shooting part of the Second can be maintained, the so-called back the greatest satisfaction are the ones World War has been won. After VE-day, ward countries of the world can be which gave us the most anxiety and cre and even before VJ-day, we joined the brought to a higher standard of living ated the greatest doubt in our minds United Nations. We have a present pol than ever before. This does not mean when we made the decision to execute icy tending to improved trade relations . .they will necessarily take business away them. We have joined the world bank and the from this country. It "means, rather, The alternative to making this agree monetary plan conceived at Bretton that we shall greatly expand the 'oppor ment is to refuse it. In future years I Woods. We now have the most powerful tunities which we h·ave to deal with· those do not want to find myself in the position navy in the world, and a strong army. countries. The machine tool, for in of having refused to help make this In industry we are the acknowledged stance-and many are made in Massa agreement possible, and then learn that leader in the world, and one of its two chusetts-is the· basic commodity of all our citizens in this country have lost most powerful nations. Thus certain re industry, and more than 50 percent of jobs because we have lost trade through sponsibilities as a leading world power the machine tools we ·manufacture are sterling blocs and sterling areas estab have devolved upon us. The agreement exported. Prosperity and a higher lished by England to regain her own which we are now debating is one of the standard of living in the other countries economy. I do not want to take the problems that we face as a world power. of the world will go a very long way chance of such an economic collapse in If we approve the agreement, time toward expanding and maintaining our England that the peace of the world may alone will tell whether we made a mis- own prosperity. . be endangered. Such a collapse can . take in doing so. Likewise, if we refuse As a world power, our opportunities only result in injury to our own citizens to approve it, only time alone will tell in the future world are great; but they :and our own economic future here in the whether we were right in doing so. I can be fully realized only by increasing United States. We cannot be economi prefer to accept the philosophy of going the number of countries that will deal cally prosperous here with England's forward along a course not well charted directly with us in dollars, and not in~ economy in chaos. but at least intended to lead to a more directly in the pound sterling. . Three billion seven hundred and fifty peaceful and prosperous world with bet Then there are the members of the million dollars is a very large sum of ter opportunities and more jobs for our British Commonwealth of Nations that money, but not too large when it is com citizens, than to approve the philosophy have their mutual trade agreements· with pared with tlie present annual income that we have done enough and that it is England. We want to get a fa~r share of this country. This sum could undoubt not necessary for us to go along with of their business. To accomplish tllis edly ' be used for other purposes within another new, but uncertain arrangement. result we are extending this credit to the United States. We want to balance I believe that in our consideration of England and are asking as one of the our budget. We want to cut our expenses. this whole problem it is not so much a conditions of the business deal that we, But we must decide whether in the long question, Can we afford to make this in due course, get an opportunity to · run it will be of greater advantage to us agreement? but, rather, Can we afford deal directly with these nations on an and our future well-being in the United not to make it? I shall vote in favor of equal basis with England. States to extend this credit to Great the pending joint resolution. The war has forced England to incur, Britain. The question for us to ask our Mr. SMITH. Mr. Presjdent, it has been in the form of frozen sterling balances, selves is, Will the making of this agree a great gratification to me to find myself foreign obligations to· the extent of ap ment create more jobs and bring more in accord with the distinguished Senator proximately $12,000,000,000. These are income and higher standards of living to from Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR], who sterling balances; and until a medium is us here in the United States than to re spoke earlier today, and with the distin found by which they may be exchanged fuse it or to use the money for other guished Senator from Massachusetts for dollars, our trade is largely excluded purposes within our own borders? [Mr. SALTONSTALL], WhO has just com from this so-called sterling bloc. Eng · I have wondered many times why it pleted addressing the Senate with ref land and her Commonwealth of Nations, was not a misnomer to call this a British erence to the British loan. as well as the other sterling areas of the loan or credit agreement. It has seemed The remarks which I am about to make world, unless they can find some method to me that this was a poor method of on this subject were prepared by me more by which these sterling balances can be salesmanship on the part of our admin than a week ago, and before I had peard converted into dollars, must necessarily istration. It has seemed to me rather an the addresses which were delivered by protect their sterling creqits. That pro investment in the future prosperity of the distinguished Senator from Mich tection takes the line of expanding the our country. It is a credit that we are igan [Mr. VANDENBERG], and the distin so-called sterling areas in which trade advancing for a comparatively short guished Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT]. is conducted in sterling, and dollars are time when we compare 50 years with the I am glad to record here my appreciation excluded from that trade. This forces future growth and life of the United ·of the splendid analysis of the subject the world into a competitive system be States. A prosperous United States de ·which was made by both Senators. Of tween the countries that trade in dol pends upon the security and prosperity course, inasmuch as they arrived at dif lars and the countries that trade in ster · of the world. The prosperity of the world .ferent conclusions, it may be of jnterest ling. Such competition can only end in depends upon the countries of the world to point out that we have ·before us a furthering disagreements and economic trading with each qther. We live today subject which is amenable to different uncertainties. The obligations which we in a sick world which has yet to make an interpretations. In my judgment, in have incurred in the shooting war which established peace . . We can never expect dividual interpretations depend largely has just been ended demand our best ef to make a satisfaGtory peace with people on the point of view which each of us fort to restore the world to a healthy eco who are hungry, with people who are eco ·takes in approaching the entire matter. nomic trade basis. nomically sick, with people who cannot Mr. President, I shall vote in favor of I have stated that a third reason for look beyond the day in which they live the British loan with the positive convic extending a loan or credit may be to help because of their own hunger, and their tion that it is a "must" in the general a friend. We want to remember that inability to buy the necessaries of life. international trade policy of the United while England owes much to us, we owe After the First World War we did not States, and that such policy is a part much to the fortitude of the English join the League of Nations. We did loan an essential part-of our policy to co which held the fort in the dark days of large sums of money privately and pub operate in all measures supporting col 1940 and 1941. England and ourselves licly to other nations, and to private lective security and world peace. What are the great English-speaking Nations groups in other nations. At the same ever our past policy of international rela of the world. We hope that we shall al time we maintained high tariff walls tions may have been-call it isolationism, ways be good friends. We hope, too, around this country. We allowed our self-sufficiency, or nonentanglements- /1152 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_SENATE .APRIL 26 we are now truly one world in this new In simplest terms, as I see it, the ques- . tional trade. Let us think of that, the and unexperienced atomic age. tion is whether we should extend to Great sterling area on the one hand, and Rus I wish to digress for a moment to Britain a credit of $3,7SO,OOO,OOO-plus sia on the other, with two different con emphasize how important I believe the $650,000,000 in payment for lend-lease cepts of trade, the British desiring to get atomic age to be in connection with this balances-in return for her promise to rid of controls in order to open up trade, controversy. repay principal with interest over a 50- and Russia offering a state trading The British loan, as I see it, is another year period starting at the end of 1951, proposition. milestone on the road to peace, just a-s and her pledge to give the fullest possible If the weight of British influence in was Bretton Woods and the _United su,pport to the kind of world trading foreign trade is thrown toward the Rus Nations Charter-just as is our support system which it is the declared policy sian pattern rather than toward ours, it to UNRRA and world rehabilitation of both the United States and the United is apparent that bloc trading, with its just as is our determination to help save Nations Organization to promote. That bilateral deals, exchange controls, im the starving millions. Each successive promise is the essence of this proposal. port and export quotas, subsidies, cur crisis must have our sympathetic under The sum we risk is great, as I have said, ·rency ·manipulations, and the like, will standing and aid. but financial risks have meaning only be tne prevailing pattern for foreign We have committed ourselves to a when related to resources and when con transactions. · It is a contest between a policy of international economic co sidered in terms of alternatives. The state trading closed system and an open operation, to the end that problems line of credit provided by the loan will free economy. affecting the economic relations of coun amount, at most, to a claim on two-fifths In self-protection, the United States tries may be dealt with through discus of 1 percent of our gross output for the 5- would have no alternative but to con sion and agreement rather than through to 6-year period over which it may be form to the dominant pattern. Should economic force. Our policy has two used. I am not belittling the amount, the dominant pattern be state trading, aims: First, we wish to see world trade, but I desire to relate it to the over-all pic we should be forced to form our own as a whole, expand so that all countries ture which the Senator from Massachu bloc, and to enter into active economic can share; second, we wish to see elimi setts has just shown of what our output warfare in bidding for trade concessions nated economic warfare-a warfare may be in the next 5- or 6-year period. against the offers of our rivals. How which-in the past has been an important The interest rate charged, while moder well we would do this is problematical. contributing factor to armed conflicts. ate, is higher than our Treasury is paying Under a system in which political and We have endorsed these objectives by upon current borrowings. The risk en economic motives are fused, a demo our approval of the Bretton Woods tailed seems to be within our resources cratic nation, and particularly one with monetary stabilization program which as a creditor. In the considered judg a tradition of freedom in its domestic aims to give businessmen of all countries ment of the American and British tech enterprise, would operate at a disadvan access to world markets on fair and equal nical experts who workeclover the intri ta-ge. We should inevitably be driven terms. cate accounting for many months, the toward more and more Government We want no more economic blocs, no amount and terms offered will suffice to control. · more trade embargoes, no more quota allow Britain to relax her system of for -With a pattern of foreign trade _in restrictions, no more currency deprecia eign trade restrictions, and to expand which our exports regularly are greater tions, no more blocked currencies. exports sufficiently to pay her debt com than our imports, our bargaining posi Aside from the essential importance of mitments. tion in international trade is weaker expanded, over-all international trade to What is the alternative? I think this is than our economic strength suggests. strengthen the forces which unite peo- most important for us to consider. Under state-controlled trading we should -pies, we in the United States have a very Without the loan, Britain appears to still find it di:fficult to compete success special and selfish interest. No ,country have no recourse but to maintain and fully without resort to loans. Under such will profit more than will we by the re extend the system of bloc trading which conditions our loans would be supporting moval of the economic barriers that di she adopted under stress of world depres a system alien to our interest and eco vide people. We have become the great sion and world war. If Britain follows nomic convictions. The loan we are dis creditor nation, and it has given us the this course, as pointed out Monday by the cussing today is a loan in line with our challenge to try our hand in world lead distinguished Senator from Michigan economic convictions. There is a dif- ership in finance and trade. Will we use [Mr. VANDENBERG] she will carry with her ference. · this great opportunity to help other na a large part of the sterling-area coun.:. Under a regimented system which tions to help themselves and to help raise tries--all British Commonwealth and made economic decisions subservient to world-wide living standards in which we Empire .countries-except Newfoundland political considerations, it seems reason would inevitably share? Or do we want ·and Canada-plus Egypt, Iraq, and Ice ably certain that the volume of world to see the world drift into separate eco land, and many of the nations with which trade would shrink. The standard of nomic compartments, each compartment the United Kingdom has payment agree living in the United States would suffe:r striving to maintain a bare existence? ments, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, in common with others. We would be Are we looking up and across the Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Belgium, forced into a drastic curtailment of cer· mountains through a telescope, or are we Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, tain war-expanded parts of our econ looking down with a microscope at th~ France, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, omy, at the very time when a large por· obstacles immediately under our feet? Spain, Sweden, and Turkey. That is tion of the world was most in need of our I am not unmindful, Mr. President, of worth pondering. products. the great danger of oversimplification of Altogether, the United Kingdom's area It seems safe to predict that in the the issue. I am aware of the complexi of sterling activity accounts for more years immediately ahead from two-thirds ties of the problem. I do not claim any than half of the world's imports and ex to three-quarters of all international expertness in international money mat ports combined. It likewise is crucial to trade will be transacted either in pounds ters. I know that $3,750,000,000 is a stag the trade of the United States. In the or dollars. If both the United States and gering amount of money. I have no way years immediately preceding the war, the Britain are united in a determined effort of convincing myself definitely that this sterling area and payment-agreement to restore competitive· world markets, to loan can ever be repaid, although I am countries provided about one-half of both which buyers and sellers alike have ac confident that it will be if we continue on the import and export trade of this coun cess without discrimination, that will be the road to world peace. I must ask my try. This is vitally imPortant to us, from the dominant system of foreign trade. self whether we can afford to make this · a purely selfish standpoint. I wish to· emphasize that, Mr. Presi further investment in our faith in the Russia undoubtedly will continue to dent, because it is the key to my whole ultimate success of the United Nations conduct her foreign•commerce exclusive argument. If both the Unit~d States program to maintain that peace, and· to ly upon a state trading basis. Before and Britain are united in a determined create a cooperative rather than a de the war, the Soviet Union transacted only effort to restore competitive world mar structively competitive world. a little more tha·n 1 perce1:1t of foreign kets, to which buyers and sellers alike Where does our national interest lie? trade business, but its future sphere of · may have access without discrimination, Let me review the situation somewhat influence will be large; it may embrace that will be the dominant system of for· more in detail. ·as much as 30 percent of total interna- eign trade. If the sterling group is com- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4153 pelled to continue a closed bloc, our sin of ours. And Canada has closer eco- · peoples, and both are in agreement as to glehanded e:tfort cannot preserve the nomic ties to us than to Britain. · how to bring this about. trade pattern that we believe o:tfers most The way to help remake the world at Let me sum up my conclusions. to us f.nd to the world. this moment in ·our history is to lead. While we are making a large loan to No one can accurately measure the Nothing could be ·more ine:tfective than Britain, it is repayable and, in my costs to the United States of refusing to go halfway toward establi&):ling the opinion, it will be repaid if we can re the loan and accepting the consequences. economic order in which we believe, and · store a normal world. While the in But unquestionably dollar and cents cost then withhold an immediate opportunity terest rate is low, i"~ is as high as could to us would be far greater than the sum to i:nake it work. Failure to approve the be made in light of Britain's economic ri~ked in the proposed credit. We would loan to Britain will be a default in our condition. On the part of the United lose through the shrinkage of our trade, leadership. I a moment of gteat crisis, States, we get assurance of the following th!'ough the wrench of violent readjust we must act, and act promptly. To fail things which are of vital importance: ments in our production programs, and Britain now may well be interpreted as A trade war, involving currency ma eventually through the curtailment of our judgment that Britain is through. nipulation, import quotas, embargoes, our over-all output below what it would I am unwilling to make such a judgment. subsidies of various kinds, will be avoided be under an open rather than a closed Does this loan set a dangerous prec by the major trading nations; system. We would lose heavily in our edent? Trade blocs will be discouraged in the freedoms under a procedure that can be I may say, Mr. President, that I asked United States-British tmde areas, where followed with success only by a close reg ~ number of my banker friends about our largest foreign trade is carried on; imentation of procedure as well as trade. that, and I have ·received replies which The so-called British Empire prefer Most of 21Jl, .we would lose an opportu I have tried to consolidate into an an ences, which mean discrimination in fa nity for aggressive, helpful leadership. swer to the question, Does the loan es vor of the British Empire against other We would be saying to the world that we tablish -a dangerous precedent? countries, will not be extended and will are still unprepared to accept a responsi With the Anglo-American agreement ultimately be removed; bility to which our giant stature as the awaiting approval by Congress, it is well Currencies, under United States possessor of almost half of the world's known that other countries are, or soon British leadership, will gradually be sta economic capacity calls on us to accept. will be, knocking at our door. No doubt bilized on a modified gold-exchange .so I ask in all seriousness, shall we let most, if not all, could obtain credit in basis and the United States and Britain the world down now, in the face of that reasonable amounts through the Export will stand together against the race to challenge? Import Bank, the International Bank to revalue currencies; There has been some disposition in be set up under Bretton Woods, or, in a New trade oppprtunities for the United this country to regard the loan to Britain few cases, regular market channels. Will States will .be opened up because the dol as charity. I submit that this is not the lower interest rate and other special lars earned by British Empire countries the case. We are not called upon to act considerations of the British loan be re must be spent in the United States, and as · Santa Claus. We are called upon · garded as setting a precedent, encourag under the arrangement will be free from rather to act as doctor to a sick patient. ing other countries to expect similar . any British control. The kind of economic system we want treatment? - In conclusion, Mr. President, as I has never functioned and cannot op There is a real danger. There is, how analyze the advantages to us, after con erate now without a lender. The doctor ever, no proper analogy between the case ferences with administration cfficials is the lender. He gives the lifesaving for Britain and that for any other coun and other financial experts, the United injection. For many decades prior to try. Quite apart from the natural feel States is to be· given its chance to try its World War I Great Britain filled the ings of friendship that exist between the hand in world leadership in finance and creditor-doctor po~ion to many coun two great English-speaking democracies, trade. It is to have assurances that the tries. In 1913 her foreign investments the compelling argument for Britain is policies which we in the United States totaled $19,000,000,000, and she not only that country's outstanding importance favor in wor~d trade will apply among made such transactions pay, but they as a great center of world trade and the major trading nations of the world. proved her salvation through two tragic finance on which many other countries This is because by the United States world wars. Her credits helped in the depend. Without a freely convertible British agreement the other nations will industrial development of a large seg sterling there will be scant hope of be brought into line with our world trade ment of the world, including our United achieving the multilateral trading sys policy: We will be setting the pace for States. And now, of all the nations in tem which has been the traditional goal general international world trade. the world, only the United States can of this ·country. Of no other currency So far as Britain is concerned, this take on this responsibility. save the dollar is this true to anywhere arrangement will ·put less pressure on But let me point out that the loan is near the same extent. Not on the basis her for complete socialization. Britain not a one-way street. Britain put a sub of sentiment, or of looking backward, will be able to operate more like a sol stantially greater proportion of her rela but on the basis of our own interest ln vent concern and less like a receiver tively meager resources into the war world-trade recovery, the British posi ship. Loaded with debt and short on than we did, and dissipated a large share tion is wholly exceptional. outside working capital, Britain, in the of her foreign holdings l.n the process, But I believe that we may be called opinion of most of the experts, would be while accumulating an outside debt of upon to assist other nations within the under great pressure to accept tight devastating proportions. On a per cap reasonable limits of our resources. We regimentation and rigid government ita basis her internal debt is greater than are certainly justified, however, in de control over the operation of her whole our. Consequently, ma.ny Britons feel manding that future loans to other coun economy. It is believed that with our aid that the terms of the proposed loan are tries must o:tfer: First, comparable secu ·this may now be avoided. too rigorous. But the majority believe rity; and second, comparable cooperation · Mr. President, I am convinced from my that the present o:tfer gives a fighting in supporting an international trading study of the situation and the appear chance to restore the system of world world in which we believe. We probably ance of the postwar world, that the trade that we and Britain both want, and shall be glad to assist other countries financial arrangement with Great Brit upon which the World Bank, the Mone in helping us set up such an organization ain is distinctiy to the advantage of the .tary Fund, and the International Trade in the trading world, and certainly, as United States. Furthermore, it is an es. Organization under United Nations lead.: has been brought out in this debate, the sential further milestone on the road to erships are based. Without our loan this kind of political system that means free world understanding and peace. whole progra·m may fail. Its failure may dom for oppressed peoples. If those con I shall vote to approve "the loan. well take us down with it. ditions could be met, I would find myself Mr. McKELLAR obtained the :floor. The loan is not without precedent. in favor of helping other nations to the Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, will the Canada already has provided for a loan extent of our ability. Senator yield? to Britain of $1,200,000,000. This Let us bear in mind that Britain and · Mr. McKELLAR. I am very anxious to amounts to almost a third of the pend the United States have legitimate essen have the appropriation bill passed, but ing proposal, although Canada's popu,. tial interests in common. We both de I yield. · lation is less than 10 percent of ours, and pend on an expanded world trade for M:r". BILBO. I shall be through in a her income is little more than 5 percent maximum employment for our respective few, moments. 4154 CON.GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26
Mr. President, day before yesterday I ·have to fetch them home and give our LEND-LEASE SUBTERFUGE was practically concluding IllY remarks GI boys a chance; but someone said to "'Are we taxpayers really in favor of giving on the British loan and the diversion of the British, "Here is $6,000,000,000 worth England another $4,400,000,000 on credit? It funds which the American people, of ~aterials which you can have for 10 .Is reported in advance of voting on it that through their Congress, t. thought they cents on the dollar." the Treasury doesn't really expect England to pay this new credit; that even if she had,. for the payment of $3 a day to all Mr. President, I think I can finish in a doesn't pay, it will be a good investment in GI's who served in the recent war on few minutes. The Senator from Ten a customer; that we should loan her the this side of the ocean, and $4 a day to nessee [Mr. McKELLAR] is very anxious money so she can buy from us, then we can those who rendered foreign service. to have an appropriation bill passed. afford to lose the money. That doesn't make The more I think about this loan prop Everyone ·seems anxious to spend Uncle credit sense. Many of the British themselves osition and the more opportunity I have Sam's money. frankly say in advance of congressional ap to investigate it, the more horrible it According to figures from Jesse Jones, proval that the loan will never be paid back. seems for the American Congress to give Britain's debt is approximately $80,000,- We quote from the Loan News Weekly: 'The -chances are that long before Ameri~a can away $3,750,000,000 with no hope and 000,000 while ours is approximately collect ·there will be a new international practically no promise of it ever being $272,000,000,000. conflict to throw the loan and many kindred repaid. As was developed this afternoon The public debt of Great Britain was superstitions into hogwash.' ' in the discussion with the Senator from listed as 22,398,000,000 pounds on March "Do you, a taxpayer, regard this new loan Delaware [Mr. TUNNELL], we actually 31, 1945-World Almanac, 1946. With as a superstition? After World War I we gave the British $29,000,000,000 in lend the approximate value of $4 per pound, gave England 62 years to pay off the first loan, lease; but there was a reverse lend-lease this would be $89,592,000,000. In other but she paid it for only 9 years, amounting words, Britain's debt is between eighty to 6 cents on the dollar, ·and after 1933 the or credit which we were ready to give United States Treasury (you) didn't collect them for materials which they furnished and ninety billion dollars, while ours is one more nickel. In the recent war we gave our Army ove;r there, which left a net of nearer $280,000,000,000. England another credit amounting to $.25,- $25,000,000,000 which we gave to the According to Jesse Jones, British 000,000,000, .only the ingenious Mr. Roosevelt British. In addition, as was developed owned assets in· this country .aggregate did not call it a credit, he called it lend-lease, this afternoon, we sold them about .$6,- more than $3,000,000,000, and include and, in a message to Congress relating to 000,000,000 worth of surplus war mate .$587,000,000 United States Government lend-lease, said 'For what we send abroad rial for only $·650,000,000. Of course, securities, more than $40,000,000 in cor we shaH be repaid within a reasonable time porate bonds and 623 .controlled branches following the close of hostil!ties, in similar some of the speakers on this .question . materials .or at our option in other goods have put the two items together and said of corporations having a value of $611, .. of many kinds, which they can produce and. that the $650,000,000 was for lend-lease 000,000. which we need.' '' anti war materials. As was developed the It is also·estimated that British assets in other countries than our own total · 13ILL IN CONGRESS other day, the $650,000,.0QO is to be paid "This $25,000,000,.000 of lend-lease under at the rate of $50,000,000 at a time, an"d some $8,000,000,000, their unmined gold the agreement now before Congress will be not $1of it will ever be spent on Ameri reserves have been estimated to be worth :settled for 3 cents on the dollar to be paid can soil or for American interests un at least $15,000,000,000, and their d·ia running into the century 2000. As has been less it is spent on the soil of the British mond reserves as much as $8,000,000,000. pointed out by credit executives, .on the Empire. Britain also has several billion dollars in first credit granted England we collected 6 When we think about the comparative cash. · cents on the dollar and lost 94 cents on the resources of the two countries it !i.s amaz An important article which I ask to dollar; on the '$25,000,000,000 of lend-lease we include in the RECORD at this point is will get 3 cents on the dollar (if England pays ing, because today the ·British Empire it) and now we are to lend her $4,400,000,000 has a population of 55'8,350,760 people. from the Indianapolis News, March 12, more. The area of the British Empire in squar.e 1946, and is entitled "Credit Men Hit "We wonder if it iselgood. credit judgment miles-not water, but land-is 13,324,753 Loan to Britain." for our American taxpayers to try this same square miles of land, with timber, gold There being no objection, the article customer again on credit, and on the basis mines, and diamond mines, and metals was ordered to be printed in the RECORD. of England's past paying record can we, in as follows: view of our own heavy obligations, afford to of all sorts. They have unlimi,ted possi write off another credit 'of $4,400,000,000 as CREDlT MEN HIT LoAN TO BRITAIN-:-8AY RECORD bilities, far greater than ours. uncollectible? And we wonder, if England On the other hand, the United States SHOWS LITTLE HOPE OF UNITED STATES ts a decadent nation, can we afford to keep COLLECTING has only 3,735,223 square mile~ of land, propping her up with these credits of $6, Including all ber possessions and the Merritt Fields, executive manager of the <000,000,000, :94 percent of which we wrote Philippines, as against more than 13,- Indianapolis Association of Credit Men, to off a.s uncollectible, and $25,00ll,OOO,OOO of day issued a statement opposing the proposed lend-lease, 97 percent of which we have 000,000 square miles. Our population is loan to Great Britain. approximately 139,000,000 against a pop writen off as uncollectible. His statement follows: "Some American liberals say this credit ulation of more than 5'58,000,000 for the "The proposed loan to Britain is a credit to England is too complicated for the ordi British Empire. matter that affects everyone'.s pocketbook. nary taxpayer to understand, etc. We have I merely mention these fads to show We do not like England as a credit risk. If noticed in our business, which is the credit the contrast. And yet with all these we were handling your money for you, we business, that whenever a credit transaction res()urces; and with all these people to would not give England one nickel on .credit, become~ too complicated to understand, earn and to take care of the welfare of :for England's credit record is bad. Our ofil there is something wrong with it. There is the British Empire, they come here hat cials hav.e agreed to give England on credit nothing complicated about , those last two $4,400,000,000 and this huge credit 1s now loans to England; on the basis of the paying in hand, to a Nation which has only before Congress for approval. From a credit record-all that really counts-England, in 3,000,000 square miles ()f territory, and a standpoint, all you really want to know is, our opinion, is a bad credit risk for you as population of only 139,000,000 people, Will England pay? a taxpayer. Many American liberals want to begging for $3,750,000,000 of our money, "The ,socialists .are running England now, loan money again to England. In the. paSt of the people's tax money. This is on but even before that England was a bad we have taken some of these 'liberals' apart the heels of a very gracious act on nly $6;000,000,000. We taxpayers are Uncle be bought by those American· taxpayers who advantageously in this country. Sam. We gave England a credit including . believe it good business to loan the money interest of $8,000,000,000 in World War I; she to Britain, these bondholders to be paid off There has been a great to-do this af didn't pay, so the champion credit chump when Britain repays the loan. ternoon about the return to the United lost $6,000,000,000. England got the money "If those who like the loan to Britain States of surplus war materials ()n the 1rom the United States Trea.sury and When are sincere and believe in backing their islands of the Pacific ·or scattered in some she didn't pay, the Treasury made you pay by judgment with their own money, they should of the smaller countries of Europe. We adding'it on to your personal Federal tax." urge Congres~ to issue these special bonds 1946. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 41~5 so they could buy them. Thus the tax totaled £331,996,528 sterling. At the present The American people also know that payers who don't want the loan made are rate of approximately $4 for each pound, this the present Government of Great Brit.. satisfied, and so are its proponents. Ameri amounts to $1,327,986,112. ain is socialistic. Such a system is di can taxpayers, in our opinion, have no busi COULD HELP CLEAR DEBT ness loaning anybody a single dollar, for we rectly opposed to our American prin.;, are already in the red approximately $280,- How part of this output could be sent to ciple of free enterprise, and even if WE!l 000,000,000. If Congress disapproves the loan, this country as part of a debt-reduction pro had the money to give away, the Amer England will somehow get along without it gram is shown in figures released recently by ican people are in no mood to furnish and American taxpayers will have the money the Justice Department. Assistant Attorney General Berge said United States imports of the money to pay for the British experi to apply on their own debts which exceed ment with socialism. , An article · by those of all other nations combined. In any these stones annually total 1,000,000 carats event, it is your duty to tell your men in for such industrial purposes as grinding, Mark Sullivan from the Washington Post Washington whether you are for or against drilling, and polishing. He estimated value of September 23, 1945, which l ask to the loan. That is the way to make our of the former at $100,000,000. have printed in the RECORD, is timely representative Government work." Apparently the largest operator in this field and worth while. is De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd., Kim - There being no objection, the article Mr. BILBO. We should ·know from berley, named ·as a defendant in a monopoly was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, past experience that this loan to Britain suit started by the Justice Department a year as follows: · will not be repaid. We have already ago. De Beers owns large or controlling noted the figures which show that, as of interest in more than a half dozen com MONEY Am TO BRITAIN SHOULD DEPEND ON panies and had net income of £5,240,321, or UsE BY SOCIALIST REGIME July 1, 1945, Great Britain owed us al approximately $2D-,960,924, in 1943. (By Mark Sullivan) most $6,500,000,000 unpaid principal and The company owns 1,327,929 acres of land interest on her World War I debt. She The American people and Congress are in South Africa and hol.ds the rights to min in process of making up their minds on a does not come seeking a new loan with erals and precious stones on another 105,067 question: Shall we extend assistance to Brit "clean" hands-the old debt has not been acres. It also bas preemptive rights to dia ain-loan, gift, or what-not? From the paid. Under these circumstances, are monds in the Colony of Northern· Rhodesia. complex tangle of many reasons pro and con, we going to be so foolish as to fall for HALF OF GOLD OUTPUT Republican Congressman KNUTSON, of Min the old scheme again and send billions The Union's largest· gold deposit is in the nesota, picks ·one. He says America should of dollars belonging to our taxpayers Transvaal Colony and is called the Witwa not help finance the experiment in -social across the sea when we know full well tersrand gold mining field, discovered in 1886. ism which Britain, under its new Labor gov that the money will never be coming The Transvaal Chamber of Mines asserts that ernment, is now making. President Truman back? it produced in 1929, a "little more than half says that to take such a reason into account of the world's total output." would be silly. . If we should make this loan to Britain, In 1934, the latest year for which figures To find a path between these two extremes she would then owe us a total of almost are available, this and other fields in the of pos~tion, we should need to know just $11,000,000,000 on World War I and II Union produced 10,480,000 fine ounces of gold how far Britain is going in socialism. The debts. There is no valid excuse whatever .valued at.£72,311,000, or approximately $289,- answer is difficult for Americans to know • for approving this new loan and sending 244,000. . Leaders of the Labor Party disagree strongly additional billions of our money to be · Hans Pirow, government mining engineer among themselves. Those party leaders who of South Africa, described his country's are also officials of the Government, and who used by the Government of Great Britain. are therefore responsible, such as Foreign 'We did not even receive the gratitude gold-mining industry- as a "national asset which has aroused the envy and admiration Minister Bevin, have only a limited program. of the British for making the World War of the world." He said there were no signs Mr. Bevin is probably the strongest man I loan, for our Nation was criticized for of it diminishing for "at least a generation." in the Cabinet, and his objectives are not even requesting that England honor her rna terially unlike those of any ordinary trade obligations and repay the loan which we Mr. BILBO. The salary which is paid union. Long the active and responsible head had made. • to the King of England is another thing of the largest labor union in Britain or which dGes not indicate that the British t~e world, the Transport Workers Union, Mr. Britain's financial condition is far from Bevin does not differ extremely, in expe desperate. Englishmen still boast of an Government is a pauper. The annual rience and views, from our late Samuel empire that embraces one-fifth of all the allowance given the King by the British Gompers, long head of the American Fed ·land in the world, and it is still true that Parliament is £410,000. At the present eration of Labor. .the sun never sets on the flag of the exchange rate of $4 per pound, this During Mr.· Bevin's brief tenure as For United Kingdom. Britain has land, in amounts to a yearly allowance of $1,640,- eign Minister, he has taken a conservative 000, which is more than 28% times as line in _world affairs. He has vigorously con ,vestments, and resources the world over. demned the new governments set up in Bal An article from the Times-Herald, Janu m~cP, as· the annual salary of the Presi dent of the United States. kan countries, which are prevailingly Com ary 1, 1946~ which I ask to have printed munist and under Russian dominatio'n. Of .in the RECORD, presents a . picture of Britain's former Prime Minister, Win these he said: "One kind.. of totalitarianism something other than British poverty. ston Churchill, is reported to have once ·is being replaced by another." There being no objection, the article said that he· did not 'become Prime Minis.! HE GRIPS REALITY If was ordered to be printed in the RECORD ter to liquidate the British Empire-. If America could be sure that the British ·as follows: · ' England is able to retain her Empire; Labor government would reflect the person POOR BRITAIN HAS TWO BIGGEST GOLD DEPOSITS work out her own problems, and plan for ality and policies of Ernest Bevin as they CHICAGO, December 31.-The British Gov 'her future, then well and good. How- · now appear·to us, we would not need to con .ernment, whose representations of dire pov ever, if the British Empire can only be sider it as £l. reason entering into our deci erty recently resulted in preliminary approval saved by the expenditure of American sion whether to give financial assistance, nor of a loan of 4,400,000,000 American dollars, money, then I suggest that perhaps the as otherwise seriously disturbing. has within its Empire two of the world's time- for some liquidation has come. The It may be Mr. Bevin will dominate the Gov largest and most precious wealth-producing ernment; he is a thoroughly dynamic person. war is over now and no one can justly say Himself an authentic worker, who has gripped mineral deposits. that the United States of America did These are in the British Commonwealth's reality with muscle and mind, he has a hearty Union of South Africa and contain diamond not furnish her share of the armed forces distaste, frequently and forcefully expressed; for so-called intellectuals and extremists ~_tnd gold mines. The diamond mines are said 'Who won the victory nor that she did not to produce 90 to 95 percent of the world's supply her share of materials and equip.: who head the left wing of the Labor Party. supply, and the gold fields are termed "easily ment. We all know that this Nation did But the intellectuals and left-wingers must the largest and most important in the world." its part in winning the victory. The war be taken into account. Some of them, while not officials of the Government, are impor PILE DEBT ON DEBT debts which we in this country owe are tant as spokesmen and officials of the Labor The $4,400,000,000 peacetime loan is pend tremendous, and the taxpayers through Party organization. Their program is as ex ing in Congress, and if approved will be piled out our Nation are bearing a heavy load. treme as possible. Sir Walter Citrine says: on top of a defaulted $4,000,000,000 from They have not sent us here to the Con "I think it would be an excellent thing if the World War I, and "settlement" of $25,000,- gress-we did not become Members of British Government were able to plan pro . 000,000 of so-called lend-lease goods delivered the United States Senate-to increase duction, consumption, and the general eco in World War II. nomic life of the country in the way that is Although the British say they cannot meet their tax burdens and those of their done in Russia." these obligations, the value of diamonds pro children by giving away billions of dol .. The official head of the Labor Party organ duced in the Union of South Africa in 1940. Iars of American money to Great Britain ization and its most truculent spokesman is the latest year for which figures are available. or to any other country. · Prof. Harold Laski. He advocates complete 4156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 socialism, not only for England, but for the debts -until they are fully acknowledged and become-an out-right gift. There is a world which includes the United States. liquidated." lot of money involved in this proposal in He advocates and predicts the extinction of "Contractural arrangements for payment," anybody's language- $3,750,000,000- free enterprise everywhere, called by him he said, could be "either by permanent ces and a number of promises; Britain gets capitalism. He says it should be the mission sion or by leases of lengthened tenure of the money and we get the promises. of the British Labor Party and Government present or different lands in or contiguous to extend socialism to other countries. to the waters of the Western Hemisphere, The American people have no way of and/or by such other media of installment ·defeating this raid on the United States CONDITION AWKWARD payments _as are mutually satisfactory." Treasury except ·through their chosen If America believed that the program of He said England's staggering war losses, representatives. The interest of the the Labor Party go~ernment in Britain would especially the destruction or damaging of taxpayers should be protected and this be what Professor Laski says it ought to be, 4,QOO,OOO homes, must be replaced "if Brit a missionary for the extinction of free enter loan should be defeated by the Congress ain is to continue as a useful ally in the of the United States. prise everywhere, we would certainly be justi• company of enlightened nations. fied in not extending financial assistance. In "Between neighbors and allies and com Mr. President, Secretary of State the world-wide confiict between free enter rades in past times of peril that may arise Byrnes has. urged approval of the British . prise and varying forms of socialism and col- again there must be no sordid question of loan and has expressed the opinion that lectivism, the United States is the largest the cost of such human and necessary help. there are no sound arguments against defender and practitioner of free enterprise. • • ~ Past, present, and future they are such action. Mr. ·By:rnes thus asks us As such, it would hardly be expected that we debts of moneys and credits of health and should finance a competition bent upon the to lend Britain this $3,750,000,000 at 1.62 safety, especially called for and gallantly percent interest, paym~nts on principal destruction of our system. provided." Even if we do not take Professor Laski too and interest not to begin until 1951, and seriously, as many Britons assure us we _need Mr. BILBO. There are four agencies to be strung out over a period of 50 Years. not, there remains an awkward condition. which have been established to meet the Furthermore, Britain may omit payment The program of .the British Labor govern needs of foreign countries that must of the interest at their own convenience. ment, even by the mildest interpretation, means the nationalizing of some industries; have our help. They are: The United Mr. Byrnes pointed out that Britain the process has already begun. Seeing this, Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad was our largest customer before the war, certain questions arise: . ministration, the International Fund, and now that war debts have left Britain Can the labor government nationalize the International Bank, and the Export impoverished, we must help that country some industries without being forced grad Import Bank. The administration says with our dollars to become our largest ually to nationalize all? Is the labor gov that as a general rule it expects the customer again. He hopes that Britain ernment likely to nationalize what is Brit needs of foreign countries to be met will use part of this lo.an to purchase ain's largest fudustry-international ship- ping and trade? . through these agencies, but in this in goods in the United States. Big business If Britain's foreign shipping and trade stance, Great Britain is a special case interests in America may likewise be should be nationalized, it would become ex which should be granted a loan by con hoping to receive some of this money, tremely difficult for us to keep our foreign gressional action. Our . Treasury offi- but it is difficult to see what the taxpayers shipping and trade on our own basis of free . cials say this will not establish a prece of this Nation are going to get out of the enterprise and private ownership. Hence the dent for other loans by the same method deal. We put up the money and Britain ) crucial question is this: If we give Britain because no other country has the same gets the goods. No; indeed, even if Brit financi'al assistance to build up its economic position, including especially its interna crucial position as Great Britain with ain should promise to spend all of the tional trade, can we be sure that this trade reference to world trade. money in this country, that would not be will not be nationalized to our great detri But how can we say that granting a good enough reason for granting the ment? loan of $3,750,000,000 to England will not loan. If Am.erican industry is anxious to establish a precedent? Already France sell to Britain, let them accept Britain's Mr. BILBO. Even if the American has indicated that she must have a loan promise to pay and extend credit. It people should be convinced that Great of some $6·,000,000,000 .and Russia has Britain must have this loan in order to may be true that Britain needs to buy survive during this postwar era, and likewise intimated that an American loan over here, but the buying should not be of six biilions will be sought. China, done at the expense of the American tax under these circumstances agreed tQ the Italy, BE!}gium, Poland, and a dozen other payer. loan, it should be only on condition that nations are also waiting in line to see we be given .security for the repayment. Mr. Byrnes also hopes that the United what we do about the British loan and on Kingdom will abolish tariffs and pref England failed to honor her obligations what terms we make the loan. It has erences which have kept American goods to us following the last World War, and been estimated that the total sum of the out of the Empire to a large extent. But surely that should be sufficient to put loan applications which will be made by us on guard so that we i:nay take the he cannot make a definite promise that these foreign countries will be about Britain will do this ~fter receiving our necessary precautions to secure repay $20,000,000,000. ment of any new loan. Great Britain money. . has investments anci resources and she Each nation expects equal treatment The Secretary of State failed to point is more than able to put up sufficient and if we grant the proposed loan to out that Britain owes us an unpaid bal Britain, we will certainly be setting a ance of some $6,000,000,000 on the loan security for the amount of money which - pattern and establishing a precedent for she needs. An Associated Press release made to that country following World of January 31, 1946, which I ask to have future loans to other countries. Surely War I. Neither did he remind us that printed in the RECORD, states the views everyone knows that we cannot give our . Britain now has a socialistic form of gov- of a prominent Canadian who believes in money away forever. There is a limit ·ernment. This, however, is something honoring obligations and repaying debts. not only to our funds but to our x:e which we must not forget. Socialism is There being no objection, the article sources. We are already in debt further in direct contrast with our American was ordered to be printed in the RECORD. than most of us ever dreamed that we form of government; it is opposed to the as follows: would be. As of June 30, 1945, the pub American brand of capitalism. If we lic debt of the United States was $258,- make such a loan at this time, we will be BRITAIN SHOULD PAY. UNITED STATES DEBT IN 682,187,410, or $1,853.10 for each person strengthening the cause of socialism in BASES, CANADIAN DECLARES in 'this Nation. It is now about $280,- Britain and doing a great deal to insure ALBANY, N. Y., January 31.-Ca.nada's w;ar 000,000,000. time munitions chief said last night that the success of this experiment in the Britain should pay her debt to ·America in The taxpayers of this Nation-have a United Kingdom. British socialism will Western Hemisphere bases or by other "mu right to expect tpe Congress to look after then be financed by Americ~;tn dollars. tually satisfactory" settlement. their interests when this loan to Britain If we grant the proposed loan, the . William Flockert Drysdale, speaking as a is being considered. The time has precedent will be set for the granting of private citizen, declared the grim specter passed for Uncle Sam to play Santa similar loans to practically any foreign of debt forgiveness must not arise "in this Claus; we have no money to give away government who comes over here seeking new age of infinite threats and dangers" as to Great Britain or to any other foreign 1t "so unhappily arose after the First World financial aid. It has been reported that War." government. the amount which Russia is seeking is Mr. Drysdale, in a speech before the Albany The proposed loan to Britain has no $6,000,000,000. This was the figure County Historical Society, said Britain's obli businesslike qualities. It should be which was said to· have been mentioned g-:~.tions to the United States "are and remain called what it will, if granted, actually to several American Congressmen who 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4157 _recently visited Russia. And for what I wish to repeat the following sug bilfty, for it is a splendid opportunity to would this money be used? It would be gestion as to the use of this $3 ,750,000,000 prepare themselves to enter their chosen . spent to finance communism in Russia- . and other billions of dollars which may profession, to go into business for them to strengthen a system of government be loaned to other foreign countries: In selves, or. to secure employment in the whi'ch is directly opposed to ·our Ameri stead of lending it to Britain as a loan, . field of their choice. can form of government. Stalin said in which we know will never be repaid, let There are many provisions of the GI a recent speech that .capitalism is the us give it to the vete.rans. We could pay bill. In passing this law it has been the root of all worldly eVil. . With this each veteran a bonus and in this way ihtention of the Congress to do its utmost statement, he directly attacked the we would be giving the money to ouxr peo to help and benefit our veterans. We United States of America for we are the ple-to the men and women who served have made an honest attempt to protect . world's foremost example of a capitalis this country in its hour of peril. With their welfare and to secure their rights. tic Nation. this sum, we could pay each veteran $3 It is true that there are some defects in Socialist Britain and Communist Rus per day ·for each day that he served in the law-some of the imperfections are . sia may say that we are economically the United States and $4 per day for each legislative and many of them have been backward and not in step with the times. day that he served overs.eas. The maxi- brought about in the process of adminis They may demmnce our form of g:overn. ·mum amount of the bonus for any one tration. But we are going to perfect this ment, but the denunciation has a queer individual should be fixed at either $3,500 law. The necessary changes must be sound when they are coming to us for or $4,500-$3,500 for those who served brought about through amendments loans. They may dislike us economi the entire period of service in this coun passed by the Congress and smooth and cally, but they are ready and willing to try and $4,5.00 for those who served out efficient administration must be guaran take our dirty dollars and use them to side the continental United States. teed by the Veterans' Administration. finance· their programs. at home. Well, The men and women who served in Our service men and women entered the we have the money; they say they have our armed forces deserve our gratitude armed forces and they continued to serve, .not; then let t:fuem w·ork 'OUt their own and our praise. They also deserve to be ·continued to fight, until the victory was :finances under their system of govern helped by this GoveiTnment in a material purs. ,We must now be as faithful and .ment. We have no funds available to way. They gave up their homes, their loyal to them as they were to us. · We be given to British socialism or to Rus jobs, left their families and loved ones must continue to work in their behalf sian communism. to answer ·their country's call to arms. until every right arid privilege to which · · We helped Great Britain out of World These veterans are now returning to they are entitled has been protected and War I and World War II. During World civilian life, Many adjustments must be guaranteed by law. · War II we gave to Britain $29,000,000.,000 made; many obstacles must be overcome. This Government has made provisions .worth of lend-lease. The war is over There are problems of jobs, homes~ future for our veterans to borrow money and now and we are staggering under war security. We must not leave the&e serv this is indeed necessary and proper. debts of our own. We have no money ice men and women to fight their battles Many of our veterans will need loans as ·with which to continue to finance the alone. We can·and we must help them. they· make financial adjustments and British Empire and we should defeat The Cengress has already passed the prepare to enter business for themselves, this proposal to send $3,750,000,000: of GI bill of rights, which is an attempt te and we must see to it that the necessary ·our money across the sea to Britain do more than any G.overnment in history funds are a vail able to them. Under the never to be returned. has tried to do for those who-·fought the present conditions, veterans may borrow Mr. President, in my opening remarks Nation's battles. No other nation has money at 4 percent interest and this one I stated that my speech had a twofold ever gone so far in· an honest eff·ort to fact is within itself sufficient reason why purpose. The first part has been devoted help, to restore, and to reorient the vet the British loan should be defeated. to a discussion of the proposed British erans of any war as they have returned When our veterans want a loan, we offer Joan and reasons why this gift Joan to civilian life. Every returning veteran the money to them at 4 percent for 5 · should be defeated. The second part is, should fammarize himself with the pro years and when Britain wants a loan we in my opinion, mueb more important, for visions of the GI bill of rights, as amend offer that country $3,750,000,000 for 55 it concerns the American veterans of ed, ancl secure all available information years at 1.62 percent interest! There is World War II. The proposal which I about this measure so that he might take neither reason nor justice in such a situa wish to make is that we spend this $3,- advantage of the manifold benefits of tion. Let us giVe the benefits of our 150.,000,0.00 and all the biliions that we fered under its provisions. We are try generosity to our own veterans-those . wm be asked to loan other foreign coun ing to help and benefit these veterans and who fought and won the war for us. An tries to the tune ·of twenty billion or to secure their rights and privileges un article in the f.orni of a letter to the more for bonuses to be given to the men. der the GI bill. editor and entitled "Loans to England and women who served our Nation dur This bill is, of course, not yet perfect. Better Than Gl's," which I ask to have ing the armed conflict whtch has just The process of. administration must be printed in the RECORD, was published in so recently ended. simplified and the cumbersome entangle.:. the Daily News, Batavia,.N. Y., January ments must be eliminated. There is too 5, 1946. . The following quotation is from an much red tape at the present time and . There being no objection, the article editorial in the Times-Herald, Fefn:uary this should be· cut down and placed at a was orderred to b"e printed in the RECORD, 17, 1946': minimum. The Veterans ~ Administra as follows: It seems to us that the sensible thing to tion should make every possible e:tiort to LOANS TO ENGLAND BETTER' THAN GI'S-MIDD!.E do, if we must fling these billions around, is administer this law smoothly, to give effi POR'l' MAN SAYS' EX-SOLDIERS GETTING WORST to fling them to the World War II veterans OF UNITED STATES GENEROSITY-cAN BORROW ef the United States, not, 1n effect, to the cient and prompt service, and to see that Russian and British war veterans. every veteran' understands his rights and l.ITTLE That would mean big, fat bonuses for our is accorded hi& full and just benefits un To the EDITOR OF THE NEWS: own boyS'. It would be inflationary, true, and der this law. Fi!teen millions of the ffower of our man not all the money would be spent wisely. The Government has provided· under hood fought and won the war, not only for But virtually an of it would at least be spent the Gi bill that veterans of World War. the United States but also for England and in this country, and the real wealth it other nations. Today, our boys are coming bought-houses, autos, clothes, furniture, n may go to school at Government ex home. They will want a farm, a home, a etc.-would stay here. pense. This is one pf the greatest oppor business, a career. Many will need to borrow This would be real, direct stimulation of tunities which has ever been offered to money. Their Uncle Sam Will loan them United States business, for a while at least, American youth and I certainly hope that only half the amount they need at 4 percent instead of roundabout stimulation, via Brit large numbers of our returning veterans tor 5 years . . ain and Russia, with no guaranty that such will take advantage- of this provision of But when England wanted a loan, this same stimulation ever would arrive. the GI bill. They may attend colleges or Uncle Sam offered her $4,400,000,000 without We':re in favor of our veterans .joining the universities or may receive vocational any interest for the first 5 years, and only 2 American Legion in large numbers, and going percent for the next 50 years. And for this out after bonuses for themselves, and too training in the occupation of their choice. Eng!and says we are Shylocks taking our bad about loans to foreigners-especially Those veterans who are eligible to go to pound of flesh. Then, too, the Unit ed Stat es foreigners whose record of debt payment 1s school or receive training under this raw just canceled a debt of $25,000,000,000 loaned bad. should seriously consider such a possi· England in World War I. XCII--263 4158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 Is that giving our boys a square deal? be one further provision. It would only I wish to mention. This one other item Should they not have the right to borrow be fair and just that if a veteran wishes surplus Federal property-has surely at as low a rate and for as long a time as any foreign country for which they fought? to receive the bonus, he will then pay · caused much more confusion and mis If our country has billions for foreign lands, . his own expenses during the period of understanding than any other one thing well and good. Let them have it. Our for schooling or training out of his bonus. ·which could be named. There have been eign loans now are $20,000,000,000. our debt He may choose to take the bonus out countless changes made in the handling 0"'1. World War II is $300,000,000,000. The cost right, or may prefer to have the Gov of this property; but it is only fair to of running the United States Government ernment send him to school or train him, point out that they have been made by last year was $16,000,000,000. but he should not receive both in full. the administration and not by the Con When our Government contracted these ridiculous debts, it did so knowing full well It would be discrimination against the gress. The agencies have been changed . that this terrible burden would fall, not upon great majority of the veterans if we ·and reorganized and the property has their shoulders, but upon the boys who so should favor one special group with the been transferred from one agency to an bravely fought that we might live. educational advantages, plus the same other, with the result that our veterans Now, what do our returning veterans find? bonus which the others who did not go have found it very difficult to obtain ac . They find themselves crushed under a burden to school received. The veteran who goes . curate information as to their rights and of debt infinitely larger than the world ever to school will, of course, receive his bo .opportunities to purchase some of this before dreamed of-a debt these boys had no surplus property. · voice in making. For them, it was only to nus, but there will be deducted the total do and to die. For this, millions volun .amount which he has received while tak- The War Assets Administration is now teered-not one shirked. They gave up their -ing his educational course. In this way handling the disposition of surplus prop . homes, stored their furniture, sold their each and every veteran will be treated er~y, and veterans should file their ap cars. Their wives and children were thrust fairly and equita"bly. plications through the local and regional upon relatives. They abandoned their ca There can be no doubt as to the answer .offices of this agency. The situation has reers, from 2 to 4 years existed in misery in to the question: To whom do we owe the been · somewhat clarified within recent ·far-distant lands in all kinds of fox holes, weeks, and it· is hoped that the officials suffered the most excruciating agonies, often greatest debt-Britain or our veterans? death ended their misery in a German prison. An editorial with this question as the of this agency will continue to cut as Now, our Government, to show its appre title appeared in the Altoona OUr.ce in various historicatl and for them to repay the $6,000,000,000 from disaster as they did after 1918. He · economic factors. Most of them believed the they borrowed, but it has never come. said we Americans are jealous of Englisn · payments would be defaulted by the British Shall we grant this gift-loan to Brit culture and historical background. Ameri as was done in 1933 on the World War I loan ain? No, no, a thousand times no. But cans say: "To hell with all the dukes and earls when only 4 percent of the four-and-one we will find a worth while and patriotic in England; to hell with the Communists half-billion-dollar debt was paid. Others use for this money. We will spend it for also." held that the rate of interest, 1.62 percent, bonuses for our American war veterans Now then, fellow Americans-fellow Amer was too low when ex-servicemen are forced ican war veterans-are . we going to permit . to pay 4 percent for loans under the GI bill of World War II-not for unfilled prom a group of Anglophiles, Communists, and of rights. · ises, but for services and sacrifices al cheap Washington politicians to give another The farmers also were interviewed to ob ready rendered by our 12,000,000 Amer huge slice of America's dwindling supply of tain their opinions on the question of joint ican soldiers. This is an opportunity gold to the European buzzards and bankrupt use of military bases by the United States . for the Congress to put the interest of the Republic of the United States of Amer and Great Britain against Russia as suggested · our veterans fi.rst. I have no doubt that ica? This gold is property of American tax . March 5 by Winston Churchill in a speech in when the Members of the Senate have payers. "Refugee stock ·traders who fied from . Fulton, Mo. (Churchill on Flriday denied this considered the two propositions, they Europe have reaped profits close to $800,000,- . was a request for a military alliance, calling it ·will agree with me that the money 000 .in the New York Stock Exchange without a fraternal association.) Although one should be spent on our vetera.ns first. · having to pay a do~lar of their profits into the third. . said they had_ not decided what they . war-strained United States Treasury as in':' , favored, 4 to ~ ~mong those who had opinions . Then if anything is left we can throw. it . come tax"-Chicago Tribune, May 6, 1945 . maintainec;i an aiiiance WOUld be 'unwlse at . away on the British. We will. give this . ~his is a drop in the 'bucket; English fire and 'this t-!me and would lead to internationaf -money to the men and· women who . mari:g.e insurance companies take ~n a billion · complications· and probably to y.rar. . . fought for us and for our. country~ · dollars a year in insurance premiums in the Many among those who said 'they, were un . and too bad about the Eng-lish! United .States . . decided said Russia's recent actions on the Mr. President, I ask unanimous con · Henry Wallace-you know who he is-said, borders of Turkey a~d -· within Iran are a "It would be worth whil~ if we gave the menace to world peace and that it may be . Sent to have printed in the RECORD. sev money away." He was addressing the Sen eral editorials and ·articles on the sub · ne.cessary to seek help wherever it could be .ate Banking and C"::rrency Committee which found. ject which I ·have been discussing. · : was considering the $3;750,000,000 loan to the There being no objection, the matters · British: "The loan should . be an outright DENOUNCE CHURCHILL · referred to were ordered to be printed in · gift." Kennedy, ex-Ambassador from United Those who disapproved an alliance ac- . the RECORD, as follows: States to the cultured court of St. James. . cused Churchill of trying to inveigle this ·"Loan to Britain is a 'must.' "-Chicago Sun, country into the old game of rtower politics [From the Bulletin of North Shore Post, · March 12, 1946. No. 21, the American Legion} in order to preserve the crumbling British · Magenta Socialist Leon Blum is here from empire. UnanimOUFilY they denounced THE BRITISH LOAN France, he wants two billion two hundred . Churchill for speakinB as a privato citizen on "We were not responsible for this war, but and fifty millions. such a co~troversial and provocative ~ubject we had to fight it, and in fighting it we saved Have you heard any one of those Anglo in this country, thus causing our relations the British Empire the second time. For philes, Communists,· and cheap Washington with Russia to be strained. · · me and, I believe, for the American people, politicians who are so anxious to give away The following are samples of opinions -ex the blood already shed by our heroes, and our gold, have you heard any one of them pressed: the hundreds of billions we have poured out making any suggestions regarding gifts to J. N. Bostic: "We've given Great Brita~n . World War II veterans? 'To' save their skin to win this war, should constitute the limit ~ enough. It will be time to consider another of our sacrifice for Britain. . they may after they have read this. Remem loan when she pays the last one. Churchill "Permit me, Mr. Speaker, to digress a mo. ber the great howl that went up when we· · was looking out for Br1tish interests when he ment from the British loah and call the veterans of 1918 asked for a few dollars? - made 'his speech, not ours or the world's. attention of my colleagues to the fact that You heard the cry, "You are bankrupting the - We've had too much interference from him- . United States Treasury, you are selling patri out of 75,000 veterans in California asking his own people rejected him-why should we for loans only 194 got credit, •the others got otism." Any politician who votes for these pay any attention to him?" advice. Just think of the contrast, Mr. foreign loans is selling out on American war Russell Yoder: "We shouldn't make this Speaker, 194 American soldiers who faced vets, and if they pass the bill, we are going death or mutilation in a war they did not to demand a 'bonus for World War II vets loan to Britain. We've plenty of uses for seek out of 75,000 get some paltry loans, right now. From a recent article, "Others money right here at home. It seems to me while here we have laid in our laps by the contend the American Legion lobbyed for the Churchill is trying to get us into a war with Administration a proposal to strike $25,000,- · bonus." Certainly we lobbyed, and we in . Russia with his talk about alliances, and if 000,000 of debts off the record and loan an . tend to keep our promises to our fellow vets he does not keep his mouth shut he will." additional $4,400,000,000 to the British Na of World War II. The Anglophiles, Commu Roy McReynolds: "Why drain this coun tion. That, I venture to say, Mr. Speaker, nipts, and friends of democracy can holler try dry in order to build up the British Em when the American people understand this their heads off that this is a cheap appeal to . pire again? If we want peace we should treat simple fact, no explanations will suffice as bring members into the American Legion. Russia as an ally rather than as an enemy." an alibi for the proponents of this loan." Again we say, "To hell with the dukes, earls, Lester Gillian: "I'm in favor of letting the (Hon. ROY 0. WooDRUFF, of Michigan, in the and Communists.". Long live the Republic British have the food they need and what House of Representatives, February 15, 1946.) of the United States of America. · ever surplus supplies we can spare, but we SELLING OUT ON VETERANS shouldn't shower them 'with dollars. As for European buzzards are flocking to the McLEAN FARMERS OPPOSE BRITISH GIFT-LOAN, Churchill's speech, I don't know. why we United States of America demanding billions 5 TO 1 allow foreigners to come over here and voice of dollars of American taxpayf;lrs' gold. (By Clayton Kirkpatrick) opinions that will get us into trouble." These leeches don't give a damn whether they BLOOMINGTON, ILL., March 16.-McLean Tracy Deal: "I believe in loanlng money to wreck the economy of our country; they are County farmers feel the same way about the people who would pay it back. If we give not satisfied to have received huge gifts of proposed gift-loan of $3,750,000,000 to Great money to Britain and not to other countries, gold from our dwindling resources at Fort · Britain as their city cousins. They are op we get a doubtful friend and several certain Knox, Ky.; they are not satisfied to have posed to it by a majority of 5 to 1. enemies." received thousands of United States fighting A poll taken today at a farm sale in Dan Harold Crump: "Charity begins at home, lt planes, thousands of United States trucks, vers, an agricultural hamlet 13 miles west of seems to me, and a loan to the British would tanks, millions of tires, 50 United States here, shows that of 30 farmers questioned 20 be charity. They didn't pay before and they bat t leships, and millions of tons of fuel, food, are against the loan, 4 are for it, and 6 are won't this time. The alliance idea is a good and clothing; they want more, and, wha1:a undecided, one. It will take a lot of pow.er to keep 1946 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-SENATE 4161 peace, and we would be strengthened by an [From the New York Daily News of April 2, Then, too, if we should loan Britain this alliance." 1946] money, there would be no excuse for our G. J. Smith: "We should lend Britain THE BRITISH "LOAN" refusing to make similar loans to other na enough to make sure everybody has enough Since Lord Northcliffe. died Lord Beaver tions. France first intimated that it would to eat, but there's no excuse to lend them like a loan of two and one-half billions; now billions of dollars." brook has become the most powerful and in it hints that it might be willing tQ settle for :fiuential newspaper publisher in Great five billions. Stalin some time ago told F. H. Schwartz: "I haven't. made up my Britain. m ind about the loan, but I am against enter United States Congressmen visiting Moscow Lord Beaverbrook was born in Newcastle, ing an alliance. It would just provoke Russia. that Russia would settle for a loan of six We should depend on the United Nations New Brunswick, Canada, son of the Reverend billions-some, at least, of which would go Organization to solve these problems." William Aitken, Scotch minister at New to push the cause of communism in the rest castle. Beaverbrook's original name was of the world, including the United States. William Maxwell Aitken. All this money, it should be emphasized, LOAN TO BRITISH OPENING WEDGE, TEACHER He became a successful businessman in would come, not out of the air or a magician's WARNS-QTHERS WILL WANT THEIRS, DEAN New Brunswick; then conquered Canada, so hat or a bookkeeper's bottle of red ink, but i>REDICTS to speak; then went to England. There he out of the pockets of United States taxpayers. If the proposed $3,700,000,000 loan to Great built his newspapers-London Daily Express, These days, we are all taxpayers, directly or Britain is made, the United States will face Sunday Express, Evening Standard; was indirectly. loan demands from other nations, and be created First Baron Beaverbrook in 1917; and As we've said before, we think this whole placed in the position of giving diplomatic served in various cabinets. His most notable matter is one for the American Legion to affront if it refuses. public services were rendered as Minister of consider thoughtfully. The Legion, we be This warning was given by Dr. Clarence E. Supply in 1941-42, in which capacity he got lieve, should consider the question whether Manion, dean of tl).e College of Law of the Britain's aircraft industry really rolling 'em it wouldn't prefer to have these billions go University of Notre Dame, in a recent address out for war purposes. to our own World War II veterans in the form before the Northern Indiana Conferenc·e of The London Daily Express has the world's of· bonuses, rather than to British, French, Bank Auditors and Controllers in South Bend, largest daily newspaper circulation-about and Russian veterans. Having carefully con Ind. - 3,400,000 at last report-for an interesting sidered this question, the Legion should act Dr. Manion said that the loan arrangement reason. It is printed simultaneously in three accordingly. sounds like a chapter from Alice in Wonder cities-London, Manchester, and Glasgow. land. He charged it is intended to establish Thus, it pretty well blankets England, Scot [From the Jackson (Miss.) Daily News] a precedent for a $6,000,000,000 cash advance land, and Wales. THAT BRITISH LOAN to Russia, a $600,000,000 cash advance to This mechanical advantage, of being able to print in three large cities on a relatively The Senate will be engaged during the France, and "comparable amounts to every coming week with a debate of Great Britain's other country on the globe." small but thickly populated island, is the main reason why the London Daily Express request for a $3,750,000,000 loan. LISTS OTHER PROSPECTS has a larger circulation than the New York Great Britain ~ s public debt today is $22, "If the British transaction is approved," Daily News, which has the largest newspaper 398,000,000, compared with- $8,026,127,000 in the law-school dean asserted, "subsequent re circulation in America. 1928, ari increase of 179 percent, due mostly fusal to deal in like manner with Russia, We mention Lord Beaverbrook at such to World War II. France, and other countries will be construed length because his press power gives impor Compare that, if you please, with our na tance to anything he says on public affairs. tional debt of about $278,000,000,000. as a diplomatic affront to those countries. Instead of requesting a 50-year loan fronl Dr. Manion said that in order to finance What he is saying nowadays about the the United States of America, without se any subsequent exorbitant loans the Govern proposed United States loan to Great Brit curity and at a trivial interest rate, why ment will have to borrow from its citizens ain is of particular importance to Americans. doesn't Great Britain offer to sell her bonds at high interest. The national debt will in Lord Beaverbrook's view, as set forth in to our citizens direct? This can easily be crease as a result, he said, and reduce the the Lon..don Daily Express, is that His Maj accomplished by newspaper advertisements value of war bonds in the hands of the peo esty's Government should graciously accept but not for 50-year bonds. Make several ple. Deficit spending will continue and in the '1loan," but that it should also maintain issues--one for 10 or 15 years at 2 ¥2 percent :fiation will be accelerated, he warned. imperial preference. interest-one for 20 years at 3 percent and "If the millions of Americans whose sav The "loan" would come to about $4,000,- one for 30 years at 3¥2 percent. Place these ings are now patriotically invested in war 000,000, with interest at 2 percent. Britain advertisements in the principal newspapers bonds know what is good for them they will wouldn't have to begin payments on either in the United States, Canada, Australia, Union kill this hypocritical British loan by an interest or principal till 1951, and it would of South Africa, and Malaya-these countries avalanche of protests to Congress," Dr. have 50 years after that to pay in full. In have tremendous natural resources and all Manion said. years when British export trade fell below necessary items to feed an'd clothe all human prewar levels, it could omit the interest. SEES THmTY BILLION GIFT beings. Also, keep it in the forefront of your mind The Notre Dame professor asserted that the IMPERIAL PREFERENCE Imperial preference is a big, rather re that Great Britain still owes us a debt of proposed loan to Britain amounts to a gift about $12,000,0~,000, with interest, accumu of $30,381,000,000. Under the loan terms, he sounding name for a simple device. This simple device is the maintenance of tariff lated since World War I. said, $2,331,000,000 still owed America by Buying wars from our British cousins, and Great Britain from World War I is automati walls around the British Empire, to make it hard for United States or other nonempire paying the entire bill, is a drain on our re cally canceled·and forgiven. In addition, he sources that is quite too heavy. said, twenty-five billion due under lend-lease business people to sell their goods inside the is reduced to a minimum of fifty million and Empire while making it easy for Empire a maximum of seven hundred and fifty mil business people to sell their goods inside the WOODLAWN AMERICAN LEGION POST OPPOSES lion. On top of this, he declared, three bil Empire. LOAN TO BRITAIN lion is to be given without repayment for It is a trade monopoly scheme, whereby a WOODLAWN POST No. 175, 55 years. market consisting of about one-fourth of the THE AMERICAN LEGION, . "For this thirty billion three hundred mil earth's land area and about one-fourth of its Chicago, Ill., January 15, 1946. lion-three billion and twenty-seven billion total population is pretty thoroughly fenced Mr. WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST, in excused or forgiven :kldebtedness to us off for the benefit of business people inside San Simeon, Calif. we get in return," said Manion, "only the that marlcet. · DEAR MR. HEARST: The following resolution unsecured promise of a debtor who has de Lord Beaverbrook has a perfect right to was presented and adopted at a recent meet faulted to us repeatedly during the past 25 think and talk about imperial preference, ing of our post and represents the opinion years and who now pleads bankruptcy." and to be for it, as a veteran British Empire of our membership. "firster." The Americanism committee of our post TERMS PROTESTS PHONY Americans, however, have an equal right to was authorized to send a copy to the Illinois Dr. Manion called British protests against think about what imperial preference would Senators-LUCAS and BROOKS. the loan mere sham. The reported opposi mean to them; and whether they would be F. WILBER WATSON, tion to it in London is strictly phony, he said. smart or idiotic to extend Britain a "loan" of Commander. The British complaints, he declared, are de $4,000,000,000 with the expectation that im Whereas the public debt of the United liberately meant to give Americans the false perial preference would be maintained there States is nearing the astronomical height of impression that for once in their lives they after. $300,000,000,000 and seems likely to go even have o~tsmarted the British. "They actually Britain, with a Socialist government, could higher; and are giving us the horse laugh," Manion said. use this money, among other things, to speed Whereas if this debt is not curtailed and "If we are in a mood for outright charity," up nationalization of its industries. Thus, brought under control, or drastically reduced, Dr. Manion said, "this is no time to bankrupt a capitalist nation would be helping to a serious danger of ruinous inflation will ob ourselves in order to socialize the British coal finance socialism in another nation-rather tain to the detriment of the public welfare mines or to nationalize the Bank of England." ridiculous. throughout the country; and 4162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 Whereas returning GI's are required to pay the provisions thereof are not retroac agreement entered into between this 4 to 5 percent interest on loans from the tively effective. Many claims similar to count~y and the United Kingdom. United States Government: Therefore be it the present one have been disallowed by Therefore, in the absence of any agree Resolved, That Woodlawn Post No. 175, County of Cook, State of Illinois, American the Government. Hence, the approval of ment for limitation of debate, which I Legion, is unalterably opposed to the grant relief legislation on behalf of the widow am not willing to propose now, let me say ing of a loan to Great Britain, under its of the former employee named in this that I hope Senators will be here Mon proposed conditions, for the following enactment would give her preferential day prepared to hasten consideration of reasons: treatment and, no doubt, would result in this proposed legislation as much as is 1. That the interest rate (1.6 percent) is numerous relief bills with respect to other possible, consistent with its importance. entirely too low in comparison with other former·employees similarly situated. For SECOND DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATIONS governmental obligations, and, further, that the reason stated herein I do not feel returning veterans desiring a loan would ·Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I have to pay more than twice that ra,te bf justified in giving this enactment my interest to secure a small loan for rehabili approval. move that the unfinished business be laid tation purposes. HARRY S. TRUMAN. aside temporarily, and that the Senate 2. That the agreement is so cunningly APRIL 26, 1946. proceed to the consideration of House devised in that it compels us to establish a LEAVE OF ABSENCE bill 5890, the deficiency appropriations definite fixed policy of tariff that our failure bill. to do so would afford Great Britain a valid Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, while I The motion was agreed to: and the reason to default on the agreement at a later have the floor, I wish to ask leave of the Senate proceeded to consider the bill date. This provision should be remedied. S::!nate until the 2d day of July. I 3. That Great Britain has not divulged strike out: $2.4>,000; "Salaries," $61,440; Miscellaneous items of expense:. "Salaries and expenses" (vocational edu- The amendment was agreed to. "Salaries o! clerks ot courts,'' $675,000; TITLE n-INCREASED PAY COSTS cation), $53,300; "Probation system, United States courts:," Public Health Service: SEc. 201. For additional amounts for- appro. $225,000; "Industrial hygiene," $11,280; priations for the fiscal year 1946, to meet in "Salaries of criers,'' $62,000; "Foreign quarantine service,'' $232,700; creased pay costs authorized by the acts of "Fees of commissioners," $110,000; "Hospitals and medical care,'' $3,935,200; June 30, 1945 (Public Law 106), July 6, 1945 "Miscellaneous salaries," $85,000; "National Institute of Health," $228,000; (Public Law 134), July 14, 1945 (Public Law Administrative Otnce of the United States "National Cancer· Institute, operating ex- 151) , and. July 21, 1945 (Public Law 158), and Courts: "Salaries,'' $30,000; penses,'' $58,700; other legislation enacted during or appli Total, the judiciary, $1;321,150. "Salaries and misce-llaneous expenses," cable to said fiscal year authorizing increases EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT .160,000; Saint Elizabeths Hospital: "Salaries and in pay of Government officers and employees,. For- as follows: expenses," $663,700; The White House Office: "Salaries and ex Social Security Board: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH penses,'' $30,000; "Salaries, Bureau of Public Assistance," For- Bureau of the Budget: "Salaries and ex $130,000; " Salaries, officers and employees, Senate," penses," $2'80,000; "Salaries, Bureau of Employment Secu $490,000; Office for Emergency Management: rity," $105,700; "Salaries and expenses, Joint Committee. on "Offl.ce of Alien Proper-ty Custodian": (The "Salaries, Bureau of Old-Age and Survi\1' Printing, Senate," $1,150; amount, $332,900, which may be used for ors' Insurance,'' $3,240,200; "Salaries and expenses, legislative counsel, general administration exp~nses by other "Salaries, offices of the Social Security Senate.," $12,000; agencies on a reimbursable basis.) Board,'' $525,200; "Contingent expenses, Senate, reporting Total, Executive Office of the President, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation: debates and proceedings of the Senate," $10,- $340,000. "For payments to States,'' $11,500; 0QO; INDEPENDENT OFFICES "For general administrative expenses," ''C0ntingent expenses, Senate, services in For- $45,400; cleaning repairing, ana varnishing furniture," Civil Service Commission: "Sal!U"ies and Office of the Administrator: ·$385; e-xpenses/' $1,300,000; "Salaries, Office of the Administrator," "Contingent expenses, Senate, salaries and Employees' Compensation Commission: $25,800; expenses, Joint Committee on Internal Rev "Community War Services," $62,900; "Salaries and expenses," $140,000; "Salaries, Division of Personnel Manage enue Taxation, Senate," $7,000; Federal Communications Commission: "S:;~, hries, officers and employees, House of ment,'' $17,000; "Salaries and expenses,'' $363,000; "Salaries, Division of Service- Operations," Representatives," $335,000; "Salaries and expenses, national defense," "Clerk hire, Members and Delegates, House $50,700; $194,000; "Salaries, Office of the General Counsel," of Representatives," $925,000; "Federaf Deposit. Insurance Corporation": "Salaries and expenses, legislative coun $94,000; (The amount which may be used for admin Total, Federal Security Agency, $10,447,100. sel, House of Represente,tives," $5,000; istrative expenses is increased by $417,000.) "Salary and e-xpenses, Joint Committe-e on Federal Power Commission: FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY Printing, House of Representative," $-1,150; "Salaries and expenses," $287,300; For- "Contingent expenses, House of Represent "Flood control surveys," $17,700; omce of the Administrator: "Salaries and atives, folding documents," $10,000; Federal Trade Commission: "Salaries and expenses,'' $35.,530; "Contingent expenses, House of Represent expenses,'' $232,000; Public Buildings Administration: atives, furniture and repairs," $9,500; General Accounting Office: "Salaries:·· $4,- "General administrative expenses," $201,- "Contingent expenses, House of-Represent 813,000; 380; atives, miscellaneous items," $2,500; Interstate Commerce Commission: "Salaries and expenses, public buildings "Contingent expenses, House of Represent "General administrative expenses,'' $380,- and grounds in the. District of Columbia and atives, Joint Committee on Internal Revenue 000; adjacent area,'' $4,372,460; Taxation," $'1,000; "Safety of employees,'' $42,000; "Salaries and expenses, public buildings "Contingent expenses, House of Represent "Signal safety systems," $9,800; and grounds outside the District of Colum atives, Speaker's automobile," $675; bia,'' $1,547).30; • "Locomotive inspection," $43,600; ''Contingen~ expenses, House of Represent Total, F'ederal Works Agency, $6,156,500. "Valuation of property of carriers," $56,- atives. payment for certain services,'' $1,200; NATIONAL HOUSING AGENCY "Contingent e-xpenses, House of Represent 000; $341,000; atives, attending physician,'' $385; "Motor transport reg,ulation,'' For- "Contingent expe-nses, House of Represent "Salaries and expenses, emergency,'' $24,- Office of the Administrator: "Salaries and expenses": atives, Revision of the Laws,'' $1,000; 000; "National Capital Housing Authority," $1,- (The amount. which ma.y be. used for "Contingent expenses, House of Represent administrative expenses is increased by atives, preparation of a new edition, United 850; National Labor Relations B.oard: $52,900.) States Code (na year)," $5,000; Federal Home Loan Bank Adnrtnistra tion: Architect of the Capitol: "Salaries," $3'48,000; "Salaries and expenses (national defense}," "Salaries and expenses": (Th·e amount Office of the Architect of the Capitol: "Sal- which may be used for administrative ex aries,'' $19,000; $57,600; National Mediation Board: penses is increased by $126,000.) Capitol Buildings and Grounds: Federal Housing Administration: "Salaries "Capitol buildings,'' $91,000; "Salaries and expenses," $19,600; National Railroad Adjustment Board: and expenses": (The amount which may be "Capitol grounds," $32,300; used for administrative expenses is increased "Senate Office BUilding,'' $97,000; "Salaries and expenses," $23,850; Securities and Exchange Commission: by $314,800.) "House Office Buiidings," $129,500; Federal Public Housing Authority: "Sal "Capitol power plant," $85,000; "Salaries and expenses," $385,000; Tariff Commission: "Salaries and ex aries and expenses": (The amount Whicb Library of Congress: may; be used for administrative expenses is penses," $120,200; Copyright Otnce: · "Salaries," $50,900; increased by $296,200.) Legislative Reference Service: "Salaries," "The Tax Court of the United States," $48,- DEPARTMENT O:F AGRICULTURE $35,734; • 800; Index to State legislation: "Salaries and Veterans' Administration: "Administra Office of the Secretary.: "Salaries and ex expenses,'' $6,242; tion, medical, hospital, and domiciliary serv penses-,'' $204,000; Union catalogs: "Salaries a.nd expenses," ICes," $54,168,000; Oftlce of the Solicitor: "Salaries and ex t8,566; . Total, Independent Otnces, $63',416,300. penses," $242,000; 4168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-S-ENATE APRIL 26 Office of Information: "Salaries and ex "Cotton Statistics, Classing, Standards, and "Revested Oregon and California Railroad penses," $72,000; Futures Acts," $138,000; and reconveyed Coos Bay Wagon Road grant Library, Department of Agriculture: "Sal- "United States Grain Standards Act," lands, Oregon (reimbursable)," $13,000; aries and expenses," $84,000; $127,000; "Range improvements on public lands out Bureau of Agriculture Economics: "United States Warehouse Act,'' $60,000; side of grazing districts (receipt limitation)," "Economic investigations," $310,000; "Federal Seed Act," $14,000; $2,000; "Crop . and livestock estimates," $217,000; "Packers and Stockyards Acts," $48,000; Bureau of Indian Affairs: Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations: "Naval Stores Act," $4,500; Salaries and general expenses: "S9-laries and expenses," $85,000; "Insecticide Act,'' $27,700; "Departmental personal services," $115,200; Extension Service: "Administration and "Commodity Exchange Act," $41,500; "Maintaining law and order on Indian coordination of extension work," $60,000; "Freight rates for farm products," $12,000; reservations," $17,590; · Agricultural Research Administration: "Loans, grants, and rural. rehabilitation," Industrial assistance and advancement: Office of Administrator: "Salaries and ex $3,200,000; ,;Preservation of timber on Indian reser penses," $40,eoo; Farm tenancy: "Salaries and expenses," vations,'' $134,500; _ "Special resea;rch fund, Depro:tmen~ of $365,000;· "Expenses incidental to the sale of tim Agriculture," $120,000; ''Water facilities, arid and semiarid areas," ber (reimbursable)," $26,820; Or.1ce of Experiment Stations: $25,000; "Developing agriculture and stock raising "Administration· of grants and coord_ina Rural Electrification Administration: among the Indians,'' $80,000; tion of research with States," $21,000; "Development of water supply," $6,700; "Salaries and expenses,'' $490,000; Irrigation and drainage: :"Federal Experiment Station, Puerto Rico," Farm Credit ,Administration: "Salaries and $9,000; . "Construction, repair, and maintenance of expenses,'' $66,800; and increase the funds irrigation systems (reimbursable)," $20,200; Bureau of Animal Industry: made · available -pursuant to act of January ·~operation and maintenance of the San "Animal husbandry," $95,000; 29, 1937, from "$3,845,209" to "$4,385,209"; "Diseases of animals," $76,000; Carlos project (receipt limitation)," $28,880; "Eradicating tubercurosis and Bang's dis- Total, Department of Agriculture, $19,203,- "Improvement, operation, and maintenance ease," $430,000; 300. of the irrigation and power systems on the "Inspectibn· and quarantine,'' $140,000; DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE - Colqrado River Indian Reservation (receipt "Meat inspection," $1,590,000; For- limitation),'' $3,030; "Virus Serum Toxin Act," $40,000; Office of the Secretary: "Salaries and ex "Improvements, maintenance, and opera "Marketing. agreements, hog cholera virus penses,'' $98,000; tion of the Fort Hall irrigation systems," and serum" (increase in sum made available Bureau of the Census: "Compiling census $5,a4o; _ from -appropriation· made .by section 12 (a) reports, etc.," $735,'000; , .. "Ifnprovements, maintenance, a;nd opera of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, approved Office of Administrator of Civil Aero- tion of the Fort Hall irrigation systems May 12, l933,'from "$31,940" to '-'$37,740"); nautics: - · (receipt limitation),'' $5,760; Bureau of Dairy Industry: '"Salaries and "General administration, Office· .of the Ad- "Maintenance and operation, repairs, and ·_ expenses,'' $99,800; . ; - . · ministrator,'' $370,000; · · purchase of stored waters, irrigation sys Bureau of Plant Indust.cy, Soils, and Agri-. "Technical development,'' $42,000; · tems, Fort Belknap Reservation ·(reimburs culttiral Engineering : "Enforcement of safety regulations," $386,- able)," $750; "Field crops;" $240,000; 000; "Maintenance and operatiOJ?., repairs, a:r;td "Fruit, vegetable, and specialty crdps," "Airport Advisory Service,'' $33,0oo; purchase of stored waters, irrigation sys $205,000; "Maintenance and operation of aircri:tft," , terns, Fort Belknap Reservation (receipt "Forest diseases," $31,500; $43,000; . . limitation).". $640; ' "Soils, fertilizers, and irrigation,'' $105,000; "Maintenance and operation, Washington "Maintenance and operation of the sev "Agricultural engineering,'' $46,000; · National Airport,'' $107,000; eral units of the Fort Peck ·project (reim- "National Arboretum,'' $4,800; "Civil Aeronautics Board, salaries and ex bursable)," $740; · Bureau of Agrfcultural and Industrial penses," $135,000; "Maintenance and operation of the sev Chemistry: Coast and Geodetic Survey: eral units of the Fort Peck project (receipt "Agricultural chemical investigations," "Salaries and expenses, departmental," limitation)," $1,400; $44,000; $169,000; "Improvement, maintenance, and opera "Naval· stores investigations," $17,500; "Salaries and expenses, field,'' $258,000; tion of the irrigation systems of the Black· "Regional research laboratories,'' -$500,000; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com- - feet Iridian Reservation (reimbursable)," $'730; . Bureau of Human Nutrition· and Home Eco- merce: nomics: . "Departmental salaries and expenses," "Improvement, maintenance, and opera "Salaries and expenses,'' $73,000; $275,000; . tion of the irrigation systems on the Black "White pi:r;te' blister. rust control, Depart- ·feet Indian Reservation (receipt lirnita· "Field office service," $6~,800; ment of Agriculture,'' $270,000; Patent Office: "Salaries,'' $400,000; tion) ,'' $1,780; Forest Service: . National Bureau of Standards: "Operation and maintenance of the irriga Salaries and expenses: "Operation and administration," $75,000; tion and power systems on the Flathead "General administrative expenses,'' $75,000; "Testing, inspection, and information serv- · Reservati.on (receipt limitation)," $25·,780; "National forest protection and manage- ice," $178,000; "Improvement, maintenance, and opera ment," $2,550,000; "Research and development,'' $192,000; tion of the irrigation systems on the Crow "Forest management,'' $116,900; "Standards for commerce," $30,000; Reservation (reimbursable),'' $450; "Range investigations,'' $42,100; Total, Department of Commerce, $3,588,- "Improvement, maintenance, and opera "Forest products,'' $175,000; 800. tion of the irrigation systems on the Crow "Forest resources investigations," $24,000; Reservation (receipt limitation)," $4,360; "Forest fire cooperation," $40,000; DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR "Improvement, maintenance, and opera "Farm and other private forestry coopera For- tion of miscellaneous irrigation projects on tion,'' $36,000; Office of the Secretary: the Klamath Reservation (receipt limita "Forest roads and trails,'' $480,000; "Salaries,'' $195,000; tion)," $490; Commodity Credit Corporation: "Salaries "Office of Solicitor," $29,900; "Continuing operation and maintenance and administrative expenses" (increase in "Division of Territories and Island Posses and betterment of the irrigation system to limitation for administrative expenses by sions,'' $14,200; irrigate allotted lands of the Uncompahgre, $743,000); Petroleum Conservation Division: "Salaries Uintah, and White River Utes (reimburs· Federal Crop Insurance Act: "Administra- and expenses,'' $12,600; able)," $950; tive and operating expenses,'' $320,000; Division of Geography: "Salaries and ex "Continuing operation and maintenance Soil Conservation Service: penses," $1,350; and betterment of the irrigation system to "Soil conservation research,'' $164,000; "Soil and moisture conservation opera- irrigate allotted lands of the Uncompahgre, "Soil conservation operations", $4,575,000; tions," $123,400; Uintah, and White River Utes (receipt limi "Erosion control, Everglades region, Flor- "Commission of Fine Arts," $860; tation)," $2,620; ida," $10,200; Grazing Service: "Operation and maintenance of the Wa "Land utilization and retirement of sub- ·"Salaries and expenses,'' $142,000; pato irrigation and drainage systems, Yaki marginal land,'' $144,000; "Range improvements," $9,050; · ma Indian Reservation (receipt limitation)," Marketing Service: General Land Office: $26,510; "Market news service," $142,000; "Salaries," $138,940; "Operation and maintenance of irrigation "Market inspection of farm products," "Surveying public lands,'' $50,000; systems within the ceded and diminished $68,000; "Salaries and expenses, branch of fl.e.ld ex- portions of the Wind River Reservation . (re "Marketing farm products," $58,000; amination,'' $1.5,370; imbursable)," $410; "Tobacco Acts," $67,500; "Salaries and expenses of land offices,.. "Operation and ·maintenance of irrigation "Perishable Agricultural Commodities, Pro $42,300; systems within the ceded and diminished duce Agency, and Standard Container Acts," "Forest management and protection, pub portions of the Wind River Reservation (re $24,500; lic domain, Alaska," $19,660; ceipt limitation)," $1,200; 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4169 Education: ''Claims Division," "$129,000; Office of the First Assistant Postmaster "Support ·of Indian Schools," $886,700; "Office of the Assistant· Solicitor General," General: "Support and education of Indian pupils $15,000; "Rural delivery service," $17,385,000; at nonreservation boarding schools," $417, "Office of Pardon ·Attorney," $4,000; Office of the Fourth Assistant Postmaster 300; "Salaries and expenses, Customs Division,'' General: "Natives in Alaska," $224,000; $18,000; "Post office stationery, equipment, and Conservation of health: "Salaries and expenses, Antitrust Division," supplies,'' $20,700; "Conservation of health among Indians," $175,000; "Pneumatic-tube service, New York City," $1,988,500; "Miscellaneous salaries and expenses, field," $52,800; "Medical relief in Alaska," $102,000; $18,000; Total, Post Office Dapartment, $18,988,370; General support and administratlon: "Salaries and expenses of district attorneys, DEPARTMENT OF STATE "General administration of Indian prop etc.," $599,000; erty,'' $451,100; "Compensation of special attorneys, etc.," For- "Reindeer service," $6,770; $7,900; Office of the Secretary of State: "Administration of Indian tribal affairs "Salaries and expenses of marshals, etc.," "Salaries,'' $1,861,810; (tribal funds, $12,333) "; $507,000; "Passport agencies,'' $10,410; "Support of Klamath Agency, Oregon "Pay and expenses of bailiffs," $39,000; "Collecting and editing official papers of (tribal funds $19,525) "; Federal Bureau of Investigation: "Salaries Territories of the United States," $400; "Support of Menominee Agency and pay and expenses, detection and proEecution of Foreign service: of tribal officers, Wisconsin (tribal funds, crimes," $1,249,000; "Salaries, ambassadors and ministers," t3,860) "; Immigration and Naturalization Szrvice: $13,000; "Support of Osage Agency and pay of "Salaries and expenses, Immigration and Nat "Salaries, foreign service officers," $294,- 000; tribal o~cers. Oklahoma (tribal funds, $27,- uralization Service," $3,720,000; 600)"; Federal Prison System: "Salaries of clerks, foreign service," Bureau of Reclamation: "Salaries and expenses, Bureau of Prisons," $518,15~ Reclamation fund, special fund: $53,800; "Miscellaneous salaries and allowances, "Parker Dam power project, Arizona-Cali "Salaries and expenses, penal and correc foreign service," $55,850; fornia (from power revenues $18,100) "; tional institutions," $3,639,000; "Foreign service, auxiliary (emergency)," "Yuma project, Arizona-California,'' $11,- "Medical and hospital service,'' $224,700; $400,000; 000; Total, Department of Justice, $10,729,500; International obligations: "Salaries and expenses, International "Boise project, Idaho,'' $10,000; DEP~TMENT OF LABOR "Minidoka project, Idaho," $5,300; Boundary Commission, United States and "Minidoka project, Idaho (from power For- Mexico," $61,400; revenues, $15,000) "; Office of the Secretary: "Supplemental construction on the Rio "Rio Grande project, New Mexico-Texas "Salaries," $68,600; Grande in the El Paso Juarez Valley," $9,800; "Salaries and expenses, Office of the Solici- (from power revenues, $5,400) "; "International Boundary CommisSion·, tor," $110,900; · "Owyhee project, Oregon," $21,200; . United States and Canada and Alaska and "Klamath project, Oregon-California," "Salaries and expenses, Division of Labor Canada," $2,530; Standards," $23,500; $11,000; "Salaries and expenses, International Joint "Commissioners of Conciliation,'' $59,050; Commission, United States and Great Brit "Columbia Basin· project, Washington "Commissioners of Conciliation (n41ational {from power revenues, $63,000) "; ain," $3,080; defense)," $206,300; "Special and technical investigations, In "Yakima project, Washington,'' $21,500; Bureau of Labor Statistics: "Riverton project·, Wyoming,'' $4,000; ternational Joint Commission, United States "Salaries and expenses," $215,100; and Great Britain,'' $8,300; "Shoshone project, Wyoming,'' $1,800; "Salaries and expenses (nati9nal defense)," "Shoshone project, Wyoming (from power "Cooperation with the American repub $423,700; lics," $98,370; revenues, $2,000) "; Children's Bureau: Total, :Q,epartment of State, $3,337,100; "Salaries and expenses (other than project "Salaries and expenses," $55,4.60; offices)", $456,200; "Salaries and expenses, child-labor provi TREASURY DEPARTMENT General fund, construction: "Colorado sions,'' $35,970; For- River project, Texas (reimbursable)", $6,900; "Salaries and expenses, maternal and child Office of the Secretary: "Salaries," $57,- "Geological Survey,'' $151,500; welfare," $59,170; 400; Bureau of Mines: "Salaries and expenses, emergency mater Division of Tax Research: "Salaries,'' $25,- "Salaries and expenses,'' $9,500; nity and infant care (national defense)," 200; "Operating mine rescue cars and stations $5,750; Office of Tax Legislative Counsel: "Sal and investigation of mine accidents,'' $88,600; Women's Bureau: "Salaries and expenses,'' aries," $11,800; "Coal-mine inspections and investiga $33,500; Division of Research and Statistics: tions," $122,380; Wage and Hour Division: "Salaries," $635,- "Salaries," $26,600; "Mineral mining investigations,'' $35,000; 200; Office of General Counsel: "Salaries," "Buildings and grounds, Pittsburgh, Pa.," War manpower functions: $21,800; $18,300; . "Apprentice training service,'' $73,100; Division of Personnel: "Salaries,'' $32,200; "Economics of mineral industries,'' $40,000; · ''Employment office facilities and services,'' Office of Chief Clerk: "Salaries," $68,200; "National Park Service,'' $636,000; $5,504.800; Fiscal service : "Recrea~ional demonstration areas," Total; Department of Labor, $7,510,100; Bureau of Accounts: $17,860; "Salaries and expenses,'' $180,800; "Salaries and expenses, National Capital POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT "Division of Disbursement, salaries and parks,'' $70,500; (Out of the postal revenues) expenses," $1,075,900; Fish and Wildlife Service: "Salaries and For- Bureau of the Public Debt: "Administer expenses," $543,100; Post Office Department, Washington, D. C.: ing the public debt," $7,612,000; Government in the Territories: . "Office of the Postmaster General: 'Sal Office of the Treasurer of the United Territory of Alaska: "Expenses of the offi aries•," $52,800; States: ces of the Governor and the Secretary, Salaries in bureaus and offices: "Salaries and expenses,'' $881,700; $3,000; "Offire of Budget and Administrative"Phin- "Salaries (reimbursable)," $17,300; Territory of Hawaii: "Expenses of the ning,'' $5,300; · Bureau of Customs: "Salaries and ex- offices of the Governor and the Secretary," "Office of the First Assistant Postmaster penses,'' $6,000,000; General," $138,000; $1,100; Office of the Comptroller of the CUrrency: Government of the Virgin Islands: "Sal "Office of the Second Assistant Postmaster ••salaries,'' $44,200; General,'' $140,400; aries of the Governor and employees," $7,370; Bureau of Narcotics: "Salaries and ex Total, ·Department of the Interior, "Office of the Third Assistant Postmaster penses," $178,800; General," $202,700; $7,687,440; ~ureau of Engraving and Printing: "Sala- "Office of the Fourth Assistant Postmaster riP.s and expenses," $1,035,700; DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE General,'' $93,000; Secret Service Division: For- "Office of the Solicitor for the Post Office "White House Police," $49,500; LegaL activities and general administration:. Department," $18,770; Bureau of the Mint: "Otfice of the Attorney General,'' $9,600; "Office of the Chief Inspector," $59,100; "Salaries and expenses, Office of the Di "Office of the Solicitor General," $5,000; "Office of the Purchasing Agent,'' $11,500; rector,'' $23,000; ''Office of Assistant to the Attorney Gen- ''Bureau of Accounts," $57,100; "Salaries and expenses, mints and assay eral,'' $16,000; Field service, Post Office Department: offices,'' $242,900; ":Administrative Division,'' $201,500; Office of Chief Inspector: Procurement Division: "Salaries and ex "Tax Division,'' $87,700; ''Salaries of inspectors," $563,900; penses," $70,900; "Criminal Division," $11,300; "Clerks, division headquarters," $187,300; Total, Treasury Department, $17,655,900; 4170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26
WAR DEPARTMENT "Central garage," $4,200; Courts," on page 76, line 15,. change the For- "Department of Vehicles and Traffic (pay section number from 302 to 202; and in The Panama Canal: able from highway fund)," $40,500; line 21, after the word "in", to insert "Maintenance and operation of the Pana• "Reimbursement of other appropriations (payable from highway fund)," $109,600; "Senate Document Numbered 159, and." ma Canal," $587,000; The amendment was agreed to. "Sanitation, Canal Zone," $477,000; "Operating expenses, Refuse Division,'' "Civil government," $361,000; $46,900; · The next amendment was, on page 77, - Total, War Department, $1,425,000' "Operating expenses, Sewer Division," $59,- after line 4, to insert: "State Department, 260; - $768.80." ' DISTRICT OF COLU~BIA "Operating expenses, Water Division (pay The amendment was agreed to. For- able from water fund)," $83,650; General administration: Washington Aqueduct: "Operating ex The next amendment was, on page 77, "Executive office," $17,550; penses (payable from water fund)," $22,360; line 7, after "War Department", to strike - "Office of the corporation counsel," $17,720; "National Capital Parks," $96,420; out "$4,762.84" and insert "$26,129.04." "Board of Tax Appeals," $2,790; "National Capital Park and Planning Com The amendment was agreed to. Fiscal Service: - mission," $7,410; The next amendment was, on page 77, "Asse:::sor's office," $45,870; "National Zoological Park," $65,670; line 8, after the words "In all", to strike "Collector's office," $19,530; Total, District of Columbia, $6,994,700; "Auditor's office," $36,400; out "$20,924.08'' and insert "$43,059.08." "Purchasing Division," $7,640; DIVISION OF EXPENSES The amendment was agreed to. Regulatory ~gencies: The sums appropriated in· this act for the The next amendment was, on page 77, "Alcoholic Beverage Control Board," $6,210; District of Columbia shall, unless otherwise line 18, after the word "in", to insert "Board of Indeterminate Sentence and specifically provided, be paid out of the gen-. "Senate Document No. 158, and." Parole," $4,840; · eral fund of the District of Columbia, as de "Coroner's office," $7,050; • fined in the District of Columbia Appropria The amendment was agreed to. "Department of Insurance," $7,300; 'tion Act, 1946. The next amendment was, on page 77, "Department of Weights, Measures, and SEC. 202. The restrictions contained in ap ·line 21, after "Navy Department", to Markets," $19,670; propriations .or affecting appropriations or strike out "$35,000" and insert "$52,500." "Minimum Wage and Industrial Safety other funds, available during the fiscal year The amendment was agreed to. Board," $6,750; _ 1946, limiting the amounts which may be ex "Office of Administrator of Rent Control," pended for personal services or for other pur The next amendment was, on page 77, $6,510; poses, or amounts which may be transferred line 22, after "War Department", to "Office of Recorder of Deeds," $32,500; between appropriations or authorizations, are strike out "$9, 731.68" and insert "$36,- "Poundmaster's office," $9,230; hereby waived to the extent necessary to 188.27." "Public Utilities Commission," $14,320; meet increased pay costs authorized by the The amendment was agreed to. "Zoning Commission," $2,170; acts of June 30, 1945 (Public Law 106), July The next amendment was, on page 77, Public Schools: 6, 1945 (Public Law 134), July 14, 1945 (Public Operating expenses: Law 151), and July 21, 1945 (Public Law 158), line.23, after the words "In all", to strike "General administration," $71,330; and other legislation enacted during or ap out "$44,731.68" and insert "$88,688.27"; "General supervision and instruction," plicable to the fiscal year 1946 authorizing and on page 78, line 1, after the word $1,355,160; increased pay for civilian employees of the "judgments", to insert "listed in· Senate "Vocational education, George Deen pro Government. · · Document No. 158 and House Document gram," $16,350; No. 472; also necessary sum to pay inter "Operation of buildings and maintenance Mr. 'McKELLAR. The whole of title est on judgments set forth in Senate of equipment," $386,460; II is stricken out because Congress took Document No. 112, the principal of the "Public Library," $112,740; action some time ago making similar judgments having been appropriated for Recreation Department: "O~rating ex- provision. · penses," $56,410; The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in Public, 269, dated December 28, 1945." "Metropolitan Police," $777,040; question is on agreeing to the amend The amendment was agreed to. "Fire Department," $383,400; ment reported by the committee. The next amendment was, under the "Policemen's and Firemen's Relief," $292,- subhead "Judgments, United States 190; The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in the Court of Claims," on page 78, line 12, to Courts: change the section number from 303 to "Juvenile court," $27,260; heading, on page 74, line 9, after the word "Psychiatric service, juvenile court," "Title", to strike out "III" and insert 203; and in line 14, after the word ''in", $1,360; "II"; and in line 12, to change the sec to insert "Senate- Document No. 160, "Municipal court," $45,440; tion number from 301 to 201. and." "Municipal court of appeals," $5,000; The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. "Probation system," $4,920; The next amendment was, on page 75, The next amendment was, on page 78, "Office of Register of Wills," $13,730; after line 16, to insert: "Commission on Mental Health," $2,840; after line 14, to insert: Health Department: (b) For the payment of claims for dam Legislative branch: Architect of the Capi "Health Department (excluding hos- ages to or losses of privately owned property tol, $6,781.49. pitals)," $209,010; . adjusted and determined by the following The amendment was agreed to. "Glenn Dale Tuberculosis Sanatorium," respective departments and independent $225,400; offices, under the provisions of the act en The next amendment was, on page 78, "Operating expenses, Gallinger Municipal titled "An act to provide a method for the line 21, after the words "Public Buildings Hospital," $504,130; settlement of claims arising against the Gov Administration", to strike out "$9,000" Public welfare: ernment of the United States in the sum not and insert "$90,998.15." "Office of the Director," $7,920; exceeding $1,000 in any one case," approved The amendment was agreed to. Family Welfare Service: December 28, 1922 (31 U. S. C. 215), as fully The next amendment was, on page 79, "Operating expenses, child care," $20,000; set forth in Senate Document No. 161, line 5, after "Navy Department" to strike "Adult assistance," $32,700; Seventy-ninth Congress, as follows: "Operating expenses, institutions for the Executive Office of the President: out "$1,787.62" and insert ''$4,426.62." indigent," $55,730; Office for Emergency Management: Office The amendment was agreed to. Juvenile Correctional Service: "Operating of Scientific Research and Development, The next amendment was, on page expenses," $65,410; $33.24; 79, line 6, after "Treasury Department", Adult Correctional Service: "Operating ex lndependent offices: to strike out "$120,819.71" and insert penses," $279,740; National Advisory Committee for Aero. "$127 ,333.47 ." Mental Rehabilitation Service: nautics, $28.06; "Operating expenses, District Training Federal Works Agency, $471.20; The amendment was agreed to. School," $111,300; Department of Agriculture, $1,544.60; The next amendment was, on page "Saint Elizabeths Hospital," $903,400; Department of Commerce, $15; 79, line 7, after "War Department", to Public works: Department of the Interior, $1,440.41; strike out "$112,303.37" and insert "Office of chief clerk," $4,560; Post Office Department (payable from "$115,884.55." "Office of Municipal Architect," $13,800; postal revenues), $332.48; The amendment was agreed to. "Operating expenses, Office of Superin- Treasury Department, $2,667.94; The next amendment was, on page tendent of District Buildings," $91,650; In all, $6,532.93. "Surveyor's office," $7,960; 79, line 8, after the words "In all", to "Department of Inspections," $60,550; The amendment was agreed to. strike out "$589,033.86" and insert "$690,- "Operating expenses, Electrical Division," The next amendment was, under the 547.44"; and in line 10, after the word $49.790: subhead "Judgments, United States "judgments". to insert "and interest on 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4171
the mandate issued in th~ case of Louis BRIDGES, and Mr. GURNEY conferees On prlate site on -grounds now owned by the Townsley, Court of Claims No. 45097." the part of the Senate. United States in the District of Columbia: The amendment was agreed to. Provid~d, That the site chosen shall be ap Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I should proved by the National Commission of Fine The next amendment was, under the like to ask the Senator from Tennessee Arts, and the United States shall be put to subhead "Audited claims," on page 79, a question about an item appearing on no expense in or by the erection of this line 21, to change the section number page 79 of the bill. Can the Senator tell statue: Provided further, That unless the from 304 to 204; on page 80, line 6, after us about the case of Louis -Townsley, erection of this statue is begun wfthin 5 the word "in", to insert "Senate Docu which seems to involve $690,000? years fro.m and after the date of pass~ge ment No. 162, and"; in line 8 after Mr. McKELLAR. That item is for of this joint resolution, the authorization the words "sum of", to strike out "$10,- overtime payments to employees of the hereby. granted is revoked. 194,651.06" and insert "$12,202,715.10"; Panama Canal. The whole amount in REAPPOINTMENT OF DR. VANNEVAR BUSH in line 13, after the word "fund", to strike volved goes to them because of the law AS CITIZEN REGENT OF THE SMITH out "$446.24" and insert "$472.49"; in which Congress passed. SONIAN INSTITUTION line 14, after the word "and", to strike Mr. LANGER. Townsley was simply Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, from out "$549,355.34" and insert "$563,026.- one man suing for himself and all the the Committee on the Library I report 40"; and in line 15, after the words "in others? favorably, without amendment, House all", to strike out "$10,744,452.64" and in Mr. McKELLAR. Yes; for himself joint resolution 333, and ask unanimous sert "$12,766,213.99." . and all the others. consent for its present consideration. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. LANGER. How many employees There being no objection, the joint res The next amendment was, in the were involved? olution (H. J. Res. 333), to provide for heading on page 81, line 4, after the word Mr. McKELLAR. That is not shown. the reappointment of Dr. Vannevar Bush "Title", to strike out "IV" and insert The amount involved represents the as citizen regent of the Board of Regents "III"; and in line 5 to change the section judgment of the court, and that is why of the Smithsonian Institution, was con number· from 401 to 301. it is not given in detail. sidered, ordered to a third reading, read The amendment was agreed to. Mr. LANGER. I thank the Senator the third time, and passed. The next amendment was, on page 82, from Tennessee. line 1, to change the section number from EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF PAPER AND ERECTION OF STATUE OF NATHAN HALE PAPER MATERIAL 402 to 302. IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The amendment was agreed to. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, at The PRESIDING OFFICER. That Mr. BARKLEY.· Mr. President, from the time the lumber hearings were being completes the committee amendments. the Committee on the Library, I report held by a subcommittee of the Committee The bill is open to further amendment. favorablY, without amendment, Senate on Agriculture and Forestry, a remark If there be no further amendment to be Joint Resolution 84, and ask unanimous. was made by one of the witnesses relative offered, the question is on the engross consent for its consideration. to some type of agreement between Great ment of the amendments and the third There being no objection, the joint Britain or Canada and the United States, reading of the bill. resolution [Values in thousands of dollars]
Paper and paper materials
Period Paper base stocks Paper and manufactures Total Total Waste 2 . Other Total Newsprint Other
.Annual: 1940.------· -· -.-- ·------. ------·--·------98,782 35,441 4,287 31,154 63, 341 2, 644 60,697 1941.------·-. ---·--- ·-.-----.------·------92,672 25,633 3, 268 22,365 67,039 4,820 62,219 1942.------·------·------87,790 26,042 847 2.5,195 61,748 3,016 58, 732 1943.------·------86,331 21,715 490 21,225 64,616 2, 478 62,138 1944.------.------·------.------90,183 16,355 276 16,079 73,828 2, 513 71,315 1945.------·-- ·- ·-·------·-·-··--·------• ·-··------.------102,Q15 10,936 275 10,661 91,079 3, 159 87,920 Monthly: 1945- January ____ ------·--- .• ·------.• ·------·------8,025 781 8 773 7,244 108 7, 135 February_ ._ .. ______. ------______------___ ------_---- .. ---- 6,954 650 7 643 6,304 101 6, 203 March ______·------. ___ .... ------9, 753 1, 286 12 1, 274 8, 467 417 8, 050 ApriL------_--- _------_---- ___ - ~--- - _----- _-- . ------9, 228 1,625 17 1, 608 7,603 296 7, 307 May------______._._ ..• _....•••••• ------10,134 1,305 13 1, 292 8,829 176 !l, 653 June ______---_------9,058 1, 501 75 1,426 7,557 422 7,135 July______--__ ------10,741 1,826 10 1,816 8, 915 €02 8, 313 August. ______-- ______-_------.------8,091 884 11 873 7, 207 256 6, 951 Sep tern ber ______• ______• ___ . -- __ ------.------.---••• ---.------6,595 198 37 161 6, 397 292 6,105 October ______-----_---_------5,487 384 26 358 5,103 173 4,930 November ______------9,940 289 21 268 9, 651 191 9, 460 December------8,009 2[)7 38 169 7, 802 123 7, 679 1946- 10,229 357 84 273 9,872 566 9,30fi ~~~~7ry-_:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;,::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8,553 243 ~ 159 8, 310 182 8,128
1 United States merchandise. 1 Waste, including overissue and old newspapers. 4172 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 26 United States imports 1 of paper and paper materials, annual, 1940-45, and monthly,.January 1!145 to February 1946 [Values in thousands of dollars]
Paper and paper materials
Paper base stocks Paper and manufactures Total Total Other .Total Newsprint Other
Annual: 1940_------208,025 75,414 1, 257 74,157 132,611 124,659 7, 952 1941_------231,008 84,264 2,458 81,806 146,744 134, 124 12,620 1942_------_____. _-- .------232, 0'45 93, 224 2,297 £0,927 138,821 130,387 8, 434 1943_------233,990 95,475 1,882 93 ,593 138, 515 132,268 6,247 1944_------~ ------233,769 92,166 2,253 89,913 141,603 135,242 .6,361 1945_------297,777 140,244 2,442 137,802 157,533 150,814 6, 719 Monthly: 1945-January ______------______' _ February ______: ______17, 384 7,009 172 6,837 10,375 9, 204 471 March ______17,471 7, 333 164 7,169 10, 138 9,573 565 20,006 7, 912 153 7, 759 12,094 11,516 57a 19, 213 7,104 206 6, 897 12, 110 11, 5!)0 520 21,071 7, 627 204 ,7,423 13,444 12,828 616 21,786 8, 949 275 8, 1374 12,837 12, 189 648 July ____==_ =-- = =___ = = =______======______= = = ·== =_ =___ = = =-----_- ======- =--- = = ·=--- = = =____ = = = =-_- = = =---- = = = =______======- =--~-- =; == =----- = = = = =- 35,974 11,382 137 11,245 14, 592 13, !l04 688 ·t!it~August ~ ______• __ ._------______. 28,910 14, 619 224 14,395 14,291 13,682 609 Eeptember ----- ______-----____ ------______. ______27,051 13,975 181 13,794 13,076 12, 539 537 October ______------____ ------______25, 231 19, 587 285 . HI, S02 . 15,644 15, 129 515 November-----r _ ------,------31,927 16,650 244 16, 406 15,277 14, E09 463 December ______._.----__ ------. __ .. _---- __ ._.______.. --._ .... --. 31,753 18,098 198 17,900 13, 655 13, 152 f03 1946- . . January __ .. ___ ..... __ .. ___ . ___ . _. _.• ____ . _. _" ______. ____ .... ______. __ February ______------______32, [66 11:, £42 174 16,768 15,624 . 14,997 627 ';.7, 259 11,691 190 11, 501 15,568 14,930 638
1 Imports for consumption. . . .Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I de be this agreement or another one where Mr. BARKLEY.. Mr. President, with sire to read into the RECORD a letter which the national . security is not involved, the exception of Report' No. '24, Calendar I have received from Mr. Louis J. Walin-. where negotiations are not pending which No. 729, the nomination of Lowell C. sky, of the Civilian Production Adminis~ might be upset, I do not see any reason Pinkerton, Of Missouri, to be Envoy Ex tration, dated April 24, and addressed to for withholding· it. It does not make traordinary and Minister Plenipoten me, as follows: sense to me to try and hold such an agree tiary of the United States of America to DEAR SENATOR KNOWLAND: At your req1,1est ment from the Congress or from the peo Iraq, which the se'nn.tor from Missouri I am transmitting a copy of the preliminary ple by giving it a high classification. LMr. DONNELL} fla;s asked to be put over, report of the combined pulp and paper w9rk EXECUTIVE SESSION I ask unanimous consent that the -re ing group to the Combined Raw Materials maining nominations in the foreign Board which was submitted under date of Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen service be confirmed en bloc. June 16, 1945, and considered by the Com ate proceed to the consideration of bined Raw Materials Board at a meeting on The PRESIOING OFFICER. Without executive business. objection: the nominations in the for June 19, 1945. The minutes of the meeting The motion was agreed to; and the of June 19 are also attached and should be eign service, with the exception of' that considered as amending in some parts the Senate proceeded to the consideration of . of Lowell C. Pinkerton, of Missouri, are preliminary report. I am transmitting also executive business. · confirmed en bloc. for your information a copy of-a r-eport made EXECUTIVE -MESSAGES REFERRED to the Combined Raw Materials Board by the .Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I am not pulp and paper missio~ to London and Stock The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MAY going to object, but I want to say again, holm, July 3-~3, 1945, in the attempt to carry BAN;{ in the chair) laid before the Senate as I did some time ago, that North Da further the recommendations made in the messages from the President of the kota has never had a single ambassador original findings of the combined pulp and United States submitting sundry nom appointed to any country in the 55 years paper wor'king_.group. - inations, which were referred to the ap of its existence. Here is another batch The material is classified as confidential. of appointments of men coming from If there is any further information I can propriate committees. give you in connection wit-h this matter I immediately notified of all nominations POSTMASTERS '1'0 BE CONSULS GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES this day confirmed. The following-named ·persons to be post- OF AMERICA The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without masters: · Charles A. Bay objection, the President will be notified ALABAMA H. Merrell Benninghoff . forthwith. Ruth Camp McCarter, Malone, Ala., in place Kenneth C. Krentz RECESS TO MONDAY . of E. C. Dobson, resigned. TO BE FOREIGN-SERVICE OFFICERS, UNCLASSIFIED, William H. McDonough, Whistler, Ala., in VICE CONSULS OF CAREER, AND SECRETARIES IN Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen place of W. H. McDonough. Incumbent's THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED ate take a recess until 12 o'clock noon commission expired June 23, 1942. STATES OF AMERICA on Monday next. ARKANSAS Keld Christensen Robert H. Lunt The motion was agreed to; and NS E. Alice Rushton, Kingsville, Ohio, in place own failings. Make us to UQ.derstand Eugene J. Gillespie Robert W. Biach of W. N. Long, resigned. Charles W. Parker Frederick K. Albrecht that we, too, by our own default, were re Carlton H. Waters Alfred H. Lawton TEXAS sponsible for the weakening of the peace John L. Lincoln -- Marion B : Richmond Roxie L. Dunn, Forestburg, Tex., in place that permitted the bloody holocaust of Clarence R Mayes Glen E. Ogden of Roe Sledge, transferred. evil to capture the high places of man Donald W. McNaugh- Rufus 0. Warner, Pearland, Tex., in place kind. Guide us in this hour so that we do ton . of M. M. Reasoner, resigned. not fail the hope of the morrow for ASSISTANT SURGEON TO BE TEMPORARY SENIOR which the bleeding torso of a crucified ASSISTANT SURGEON CONFIRMATIONS ·humanity now prays. Strengthen Thou Robert E. Staff Executive nominations confirmed by our souls so that we will now arise to our SENIOR ASSISTANT DENTAL SURGEON TO BE TEM the Senate April 26 (legislative day of full duty, as the chosen instruments of POR~Y SENIO!t _DENTAL . SURGEON March 5), 1946: high purpose·of a free people, so that we George A. Nevitt will help save our land from the back FOREIGN SERVICE ,wash of chaos that will now come if we SENIOR ASSISTANT DENTAL SURGEON TO BE TEM Joseph Flack to be Ambassador Extraordi PORARY DENTAL SURGEON do not press forward to bring the fruits nary and Plenipotentiary of the United States John C. Heckel of America to Bplivia. of victory to the foot of an altar of a new ASSISTANT DENTAL SURGEON TO BE TEMPORARY J. Rives Childs to be Envoy Extraordinary covenant of justice and peace; for Thine DENTAli SURGEON and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United must now be the kingdom, the power, Joseph E. Unsworth States of America to the Kingdom of Saudi and the glory. Anien. Arabia. THE JOURNAL ASSISTANT DENTAL SURGEON TO BE TEMPORARY Edwin F. Stanton to be .Envoy Extraordi SENIOR ASSISTANT DENTAL SURGEON nary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by Stanley J. Ruzicka United States of America to Siam. unanimous consent, the reading of the XCII--264