Nasa Lunar Sample Set in Forming Complex Concepts in Petrography and Planetary Petrology

Lunar and Planetary Science XXX 1038.pdf

NASA LUNAR SAMPLE SET IN FORMING COMPLEX CONCEPTS IN PETROGRAPHY AND PLANETARY PETROLOGY. Sz. Bérczi1,2, S. Józsa 2, S. Kabai 3, I. Kubovics 2, Z. Puskás 2, Gy. Szakmány2, 1 Eötvös University, Dept. G. Technology, H-1117, Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/a, Hungary, 2 Eötvös University, Dept. Petrology/Geochemistry, H-1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt 4/a, Hungary, ([email protected]), 3UNICONSTANT, H-4150, Püspökladány, Honvéd u. 3. Hungary.

ABSTRACT The basaltic samples of the NASA lunar set Three branches of complex concepts were developed form a sequence from quick to slow cooling. They by using the NASA Lunar Sample Educational Set: a) represent stages (phases from different depth) from a material maps, b) cell-automata mosaic model- cross section of a cooling lava flow. (The samples are: description of petrographic textural transformations, 74220 - Orange Soil - volcanic spherules, 12002, por- and c) extended igneous petrography of Solar System. phyric-variolitic texture, 70017, and 12005, ophitic- poikilitic texture [7]). These stages of a sequence rep- INTRODUCTION resent gradually slower cooling rates. They also repre- Between March, 1998 - March, 1999 Eötvös Univer- sent different SiO2 ranges: while ranges of picritic sity received on loan the NASA Lunar Sample Thin (74220 and 70017) and basaltic (12002 and 12005) Section Educational Set for the third time, from John- rocks involve the SiO2 classification, the cooling rates son Space Center, Houston. Over our earlier works [1- involves TTT diagrams to be attached (and other C- 3], this loan term we made three new applications of rurves from metallurgy). While compositional evolu- this set. We added an appendix to the NASA set: a tion brings the Bowen type ternary and quaternary selection of specific thin sections from those terrestrial system diagrams, the TTT diagrams brings the vol- rocks which have relatives in the Solar System petrog- canic, sunvolcanic and plutonic distinction for igneous raphy. This way we multipled and extended the possi- rocks. The extended fields bring other lunar samples bilities to form complex concepts as follows: to "appear" on material maps, as representatives of 1. How to constitute complex material maps plutonic type rocks (60025, anorthosite, 78235, by starting from a sequence of textural types? (inter- norite). Step by step the material maps can be ex- connections, basic physical and textural relations of tended byy new parameters, and both terrestrial and igneous rocks, and other compositions from material Martian (meteorite) rocks may be involved into mate- science, as ceramics, metallurgy), rial maps. 2. How cell-mosaic automata model description of textural transformations can be formulated CELL-MOSAIC AUTOMATA MODEL from the textural cases and varieties we have in the set DESCRIPTION OF PETROLOGIC TEXTURAL and the terrestrial appendix? TRANSFORMATIONS 3. How lunar samples represent the first steps Cell-mosaic automata model helps to formu- in extending of terrestrial igneous petrographic system late all those descriptions we do in practice during into the Solar system. textural analyses. The sequence of discrete changes in a cell-mosaic system is formulated on two hierarchy SYNOPTIC VIEW BY COMPLEX MATERIAL levels: on cellular one (minerals), and on global one MAPS (texture itself). [5-6] The cell-automata mosaic's flow- Textural structure contains a versatile char- chart has a framework of description: it is composed acterization possibility for rocks. Microscopic studies from two parts. The first one gives the structure and give comparative possibilities with other materials. initial conditions of the cellular background, the sec- (We used NASA Lunar Sample set not only in pet- ond one gives the transitional functions. [6] Both parts rographic courses, but in material science courses.) In form a pair of approach: a local and a global one, as material science and technology we frequently sum- follows (Fig. 1.) marize the behaviour of a metal (or ceramics) by a The advantages of the cell-automata mosaic path of state changes in the field of different physical model come from this separability of local and global parameters: we call them material maps. (This synop- picture: both for conditions and operations, and from tic-synthetic view is also used in biology, by the the expressed connections (feedback possibility) be- niches. Niches are parameter-cells, where living between the local and global characteristics. We made ings occupy distinct, or partly overlaping regions.) We such style of descriptions of sequence of crystallization developed synoptic view in interplanetary comparative of 70017 high Ti basalt texture, a metamorphic se- petrography by materail maps. quence of terrestrial textures [9], Grossman type CAI Lunar and Planetary Science XXX 1038.pdf

NASA LUNAR SAMPLE SET: COMPLEX CONCEPTS IN EDUCATION: Sz. Bérczi, S. Józsa, S. Kabai, I. Kubovics, Z. Puskás, Gy. Szakmány

condensational sequence (this last one was almost in a Larger Rocky Planetary Body: (Stages Shown by this form [11], and carbonaceous chondritic aqeous Thin sections of NASA Lunar Samples and NIPR Ant- alteration sequence [12, 13]). arctic Meteorites). (videofilm) LPSC XXVIII. Hous- Fig. 1. Basic concepts of cell-mosaic automata model. ton, Texas, 1997, March 17-21.[3] Sz. Bérczi, B. Lu-

a. LOCAL b. GLOBAL (CELL-LEVEL) (TEXTURAL)

A. Aa. Local characteristics of the cell- Ab. Global characteristics of the cell- mosaic system give the cells, as actors mosaic system give the texture and the CELLULAR in events, the form of the cells, their sum up of the local relations. (i.e. the BACKGROUND connections (i.e. faces) and neighbour- texture is a piokilitic type, because of hood relations. enclosing relations)

B. Ba. Local transitional function for cell Bb. Global transitional function for the mosaic elements which are individual whole surface populated by the cell- automata (discrete function in space mosaic system (sequence of stages of TRANSITIONAL FUNCTIONS and time, step by step transforming the texture taken step by step, as a cell-states, i.e. how distinct minerals consequence of summed up (for all change) cells) of the local transitional functions.) EXTENDED IGNEOUS PETROGRAPHY IN kács, T. Földi, Á. Holba, S. Józsa, G. Marosi, L. THE SOLAR SYSTEM Szabó Sóki, Gy. Szakmány (1997): 22th NIPR Symp. We combined this work with the activities of Ant.Met., 12; [4] C. Meyer: (1987): The Lunar Pet- Hunveyor. There we arranged hand-specimens around rographic Thin Section Set. NASA JSC Curatorial a modified Surveyor type landing probe and made it Branch Publ. No. 76. Houston, Texas, USA. Meyer, C. possible to operate students by internet (basalt, lher- (1987) The Lunar Petrographic Thin Section Set. zolite, komatiite, andesite, zeolite, rhyolite (impac- NASA JSC, Houston , [5] Bérczi Sz.(1990): (in: tite), gabbro, Ti-wehrlite, vesicular basalt, granite, Symmetries in Science IV. B.Gruber, J.H.Yopp eds.) and phonolite were the samples). Over lunar, Plenum Press, [6] Bérczi Sz. (1993): Double Layered Martian, Asteroidal counterparts these samples Equation of Motion: Platonic and Archimedean Cel- lular Automata in the Solution of the Indirect Von [14] represent rocks from Io (komatiite ), Venus Neumann Problem on Sphere for Transformations of (komatiite, phonolite [15]), too. regular Tessellations . Acta Mineralogica et Pet- rographica, Szeged. XXXIX. p.96-117. [7] Codd, E.F. SUMMARY (1968): Cellular Automata. Academic Press, New NASA Lunar Sample Educational Set is a York, [8] von Neumann J. (1966) Theory of Self- valuable source for not only cosmopetrographic com- Reproducing Automata. Edit./completed: A.W.Burks. parisons, but initiating the development of complex Urbana, Illinois. [9] Vollmar, R.(1978) Algorithmen concepts in planetary petrology education. Combined in Zellularautomaten. Verlag B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart, with robot construction [16], with appendix of terres- [10] Mason R. (1990): Petrology of the Metamorphic trial "planetary-type" specimens, the lunar sample thin Rocks. Unwin Hyman, London, [11] Grossman L. section studies helped us to introduce students into (1974): Condensation of the Solar System. Reprint many directions of planetary science. from McGraw-Hill Yearbook, 1974, San Francisco, [12] Krot A. N., Petaev M.I., Scott E.R.D., Keil K. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (1998): Progressive metamorphism of the CV3 chon- The loan of Lunar Sample Educational Set drites...LPSC XXIX, 1552.pdf, [13] Sztrókay K., Tol- from NASA JSC Planetary Materials Laboratory, per- nay V., Földváriné Vogl M. (1961): Acta Geol. Hung. sonally to G.E.Lofgren is highly acknowledged. 7. 17.; [14] Matson, D., et al. (1998): LPSC XXIX, 1650; [15] Kargel, J.S., Komatsu G. (1992): REFERENCES LPSC XXIII, 655.; [16] Bérczi Sz., Cech V., Hegyi [1] Sz. Bérczi, T. Földi, I. Kubovics, B. Lukács, I. S., Borbola T., Diósy T., Köllõ Z., Tóth Sz. (1998): Varga (1997): LPSC XXVIII. 101; [2] Bérczi Sz., Lu- LPSC XXIX, 1267.pdf, kács B. (screenp.) (1997). Evolution of a Smaller and