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Ione Buckwheat), and Discussion of the Two Species Proposed RIN 1018±AE25 Eriogonum Apricum Var

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Ione Buckwheat), and Discussion of the Two Species Proposed RIN 1018±AE25 Eriogonum Apricum Var 34190 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 122 / Wednesday, June 25, 1997 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: nutrient-poor conditions of the soil Background which exclude other plant species; the Fish and Wildlife Service climate of the area may be moderated by Arctostaphylos myrtifolia (Ione its position due east of the Golden Gate 50 CFR Part 17 manzanita), Eriogonum apricum var. (Gankin and Major 1964, Roof 1982). apricum (Ione buckwheat), and Discussion of the Two Species Proposed RIN 1018±AE25 Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum (Irish Hill buckwheat) are found for Listing Endangered and Threatened Wildlife primarily in western Amador County, Parry (1887) described Arctostaphylos and Plants; Proposed Endangered about 70 kilometers (km) (40 miles (mi)) myrtifolia based upon material collected Status for the Plant Eriogonum southeast of Sacramento in the central near Ione, California. Subsequent Apricum (Ione Buckwheat) and Sierra Nevada foothills of California. authors variously treated this taxon as Proposed Threatened Status for the Most populations occur at elevations Uva-ursi myrtifolia (Abrams 1914), A. Plant Arctostaphylos Myrtifolia (Ione between 90 and 280 meters (m) (280 to nummularia var. myrtifolia (Jepson Manzanita) 900 feet (ft)). A few isolated occurrences 1922), Schizococcus myrtifolius of A. myrtifolia occur in adjacent (Eastwood 1934), and Arctostaphylos AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, northern Calaveras County. uva-ursi ssp. myrtifolia (Roof 1982). Interior. Both species included in this proposal Wells (1993), in his treatment of ACTION: Proposed rule. exhibit marked substrate preferences California Arctostaphylos, maintained and grow in openings within chaparral the species as A. myrtifolia. SUMMARY: The Fish and Wildlife Service vegetation on lateritic soils crusts Arctostaphylos myrtifolia is an (Service) proposes endangered status (cement-like crusts of yellow iron oxide) evergreen shrub of the heath family pursuant to the Endangered Species Act developed under a subtropical or (Ericaceae) that lacks a basal burl. of 1973, as amended (Act), for tropical climate during the Eocene (35± Attaining a height of generally less than Eriogonum apricum (inclusive of vars. 57 million years before present); the 1.2 m (3.8 ft), plants appear low and apricum and prostratum) (Ione laterite is associated with the Ione spreading. The bark is red, smooth, and buckwheat). The Service also proposes Formation (Allen 1929). The ``Ione waxy. Olive green, narrowly elliptic threatened status for Arctostaphylos soils'' in the area are coarse-textured leaves are 6 to 15 millimeters (mm) (0.2 myrtifolia (Ione manzanita). These two and exhibit soil properties typical of to 0.6 inches (in.)) long. Red scale-like species occur primarily on soils derived those produced under tropical climates inflorescence bracts are 1 to 2 mm (0.1 from the Ione Formation in Amador or such as high acidity, high aluminum in.) long. White or pinkish urn-shaped Calaveras counties in the central Sierra content, and low fertility (Singer 1978). flowers appear from January to Nevada foothills of California and are These soils and the sedimentary February. The fruit is cylindric. The imperiled by one or more of the deposits with which they are associated species depends almost entirely on fire following factorsÐmining, clearing of also contain large amounts of to promote seed germination (Wood and vegetation for agriculture and fire commercially valuable minerals Parker 1988). Arctostaphylos myrtifolia protection, disease, inadequate including quartz sands, kaolinitic clays, can be distinguished from other species regulatory mechanisms, habitat lignite (low-grade coal), and possible in the same genus by its smaller stature fragmentation, residential and gold-bearing gravels (Chapman and and the color of its leaves. commercial development, changes in Bishop 1975). The nearest modern-day Arctostaphylos myrtifolia is reported fire frequency, and continued erosion relatives to these soils occur in Hawaii from 17 occurrences (CNDDB 1997). due to prior off-road vehicle use. and Puerto Rico (Singer 1978). Because most of these occurrences are Random events increase the risk to the The vegetation in the Ione area is based on the collection localities of few, small populations of E. apricum. distinctive enough to be designated as individual specimens, it is uncertain This proposal, if made final, would ``Ione chaparral'' in a classification of how many stands these 17 occurrences implement the Federal protection and plant communities in California represent. Arctostaphylos myrtifolia recovery provisions afforded by the Act (Holland 1986). Stebbins (1993) may occur in about 100 individual for these plants. characterized the Ione chaparral as an stands which cover a total of about 400 ecological island, which he defined as a ha (1,000 ac) (Roy Woodward, Bechtel, DATES: Comments from all interested relatively small area with particular in litt. 1994). It occurs primarily on parties must be received by August 25, climatic and ecological features that outcrops of the Ione Formation within 1997. Public hearing requests must be differ significantly from surrounding an area of about 91 square (sq.) km (35 received by August 11, 1997. areas. This plant community occurs sq. mi) in Amador County. In addition, ADDRESSES: Comments and materials only on very acidic, nutrient-poor, a few disjunct populations occur in concerning this proposal should be sent coarse soils, and is comprised of low- Calaveras County. The populations to the Field Supervisor, Sacramento growing heath-like shrubs and scattered range in elevation from 60 to 580 m (190 Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife herbs (Holland 1986). The dominant to 1900 ft), with the largest populations Service, 3310 El Camino Avenue, Suite shrub is Arctostaphylos myrtifolia, occurring at elevations between 90 and 130, Sacramento, California 95821± which is narrowly endemic to the area. 280 m (280 and 900 ft) (Wood and 6340. Comments and materials received, Ione chaparral is restricted in Parker 1988). Arctostaphylos myrtifolia as well as the supporting documentation distribution to the vicinity of Ione in is the dominant and characteristic used in preparing the rule, will be Amador County, and a few local areas species of Ione chaparral, where it available for public inspection, by of adjacent northern Calaveras County occurs in pure stands. It also occurs in appointment, during normal business where the community is estimated to an ecotone with surrounding taller hours at the above address. cover 2,430 hectares (ha) (6,000 acres chaparral types, but it does not persist FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: (ac)) (California Natural Diversity if it is shaded (R. Woodward, in litt. Kirsten Tarp, Sacramento Field Office Database (CNDDB) 1994). The endemic 1994). It is impossible to quantify the (see ADDRESSES section) (telephone plants that grow here are thought to do amount of A. myrtifolia habitat already 916/979±2120; facsimile 916/979±2128). so because they can tolerate the acidic, lost to mining because information Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 122 / Wednesday, June 25, 1997 / Proposed Rules 34191 regarding the total mineral production barren outcrops within the Ione General comments received in as well as the total acreage of land chaparral. Of the 9 known occurrences relation to the 1976 proposal were newly disturbed by a mining operation of E. apricum var. apricum, one is summarized in an April 26, 1978, rule is proprietary (Maryann Showers, partially protected by CDFG (CNDDB (43 FR 17909). Amendments to the Act California Department of Mining and 1994). Eriogonum apricum var. apricum in 1978 required that all proposals over Geology, pers. comm. 1994). Although occurs primarily on private or non- 2 years old be withdrawn. A 1-year the exact area of habitat lost is Federal land; BLM manages one grace period was given to those unknown, a significant loss of habitat occurrence. Mining, clearing of proposals already more than 2 years old. has occurred (Roof 1982; Stebbins 1993; vegetation for agriculture and for fire In a December 10, 1979, notice (44 FR Wood, in litt. 1994). Mining, disease, protection, inadequate regulatory 70796), the Service withdrew the June clearing of vegetation for agriculture and mechanisms, habitat fragmentation, 16, 1976, proposal, along with four fire protection, inadequate regulatory increased residential development, and other proposals that had expired. mechanisms, habitat fragmentation, erosion threaten both populations of The Service published a Notice of residential and commercial this plant. Review for plants on December 15, 1980 development, changes in fire frequency, Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum (45 FR 82480) that listed those plants and ongoing erosion threaten various has smaller leaves, a prostrate habit currently considered for listing as populations of this plant (CNDDB 1997; (lying flat), and an earlier flowering time endangered or threatened. The three Ed Bollinger, Acting Area Manager, than E. apricum var. apricum. The 2 taxa were included as candidates for Bureau of Land Management (BLM), known occurrences of E. apricum var. Federal listing in this document. Folsom Resource Area, in litt. 1994, prostratum are restricted to otherwise Candidate taxa are those for which the Michael Wood, Botanical Consultant, in barren outcrops on less than 0.4 ha (1 Service has on file substantial litt. 1994). Arctostaphylos myrtifolia ac) in openings of Ione
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