Workers Throng the Streets on M ay First

Tasks o f the Fourth Jersey Thousands International in Spain Jobless Expected A Letter to a Spanish Comrade Ousted To March By Leon Trotsky, 4 The situation in Spain has again partisin of the modern epoch is the Bourbon Politicians In­ New York Parade W ill become revolutionary. expression of the highest accentua­ ‘The development of the Spanish tion of class antagonisms in the flict Final Injury Mark High Point ¡revolution is taking place at a slow period when these antagonisms On Uhemployed tempo. By virtue of this fact the have not yet led to open struggle. In M a n y Years revolutionary elements there have Bonapartism may find its point of acquired a sufficiently long period support in the quasi-parliamentari­ New Jersey capitalist politicians Celebrating the Fiftieth anniver­ of time in which to take shape, to an government, but also for that ordered the jobless demonstrators sary of May First, hundreds of out of the legislature, their final rally the vanguard around them­ matter in the “ supra-party” presi­ thousands of workmen w ill march dent: this depends exclusively on slap in tiie face to the unemployed selves, in order to measure up to in the citadels of capitalism as this their task at the decisive moment. the circumstances. Zamora was of the state. After tossing the We must now say openly that the the carrier of the Bonapartist equil­ interests of the unemployed between issue goes to press. ibrium. The sharpening of the an­ Democrats and Republicans while Spanish “ Left Communists” have In New York, where a more in­ tagonism led to a state of affairs relief payments stopped dead and completely missed this exceptional­ clusive united front of political and in which both of the main camps suffering was wadespread, the poli­ ly favorable interval and have not labor tendencies than has been Sought, first, to make use of Zam­ ticians decided to adjourn and do proved to he one whit better than seen for years, a monster parade ora and then to get rid of him. nothing. the Socialist and “ Communist'’ w ill take place. New York w ill be The Right wing did not succeed The workers Alliance of New traitors. Not that there was any decked in red, its streets w ill re­ in doing this in its time, but the Jersey, rallied its forces and march­ lack of warning. A ll the greater sound with the marching tread of “ People's Front” did. This means, ed them into the Assembly halls of therefore is the guilt of an Andres labor’s legions. Nin, an Andrade and others. With however, the beginning- of an acute the State Capitol, an action which a correct policy the “ Communist revolutionary period. must have caused no little trepida­ Beginning at various points in tion among the never-hungry ruling heart of the city, the parade w ill Left” could stand today as a section Both the profound ferment in the classes. The "army of unoccupa­ march through lower Fifth Ave., of the Fourth International at the masses and the uninterruptedly tion. as they became popularly previously denied by the police and head of the Spanish proletariat. violent explosions demonstrate that Instead of this, it is vegetating in known, is a portend of the future, converge on Union Square. the repeatedly deceived workers in This the capitalist politicans must the confused organization of a Mau- town and country, as well as the In Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, rin—without a program, without have realized as they scurried back poor peasants, are continually to Trenton from the banquet tables San Francisco and all the great perspectives, and without any po­ drivirig with all their power in the industrial centers of the country, litical significance. Marxian ac­ jn tlmir luxurious homes 'and direction of the revolutionary solu­ yachts. workers w ill march or demonstrate tion in Spain can begin only by tion. And what is the role played Bourbons to the marrow, the poli­ in meetings against capitalist op­ means of an irreconcilable con- by the People’s Front, with regard pression. condemnation of the whole policy ticians returned, muttering the no­ to this mighty movement? The torious insults of Marie Antoinette. of Andres Nin and Andrade, which Shorter hours, more adequate role of a gigantic brake manufac­ One of them, deeply hurt that the not only was and remains false, but relief, social insurance, freedom tured and put into operation by poor, starving workers should be also criminal. for class war prisoners and strug­ traitors and slick sharpers. And demanding action, cursed the people gle for a workers’ world w ill ap­ The Removal of Zamora only yesterday, Juan Andrade was who would "pamper” the unem­ pear on thousands of banners and What is the meaning of the re­ still a co-signer of the thoroughly ployed. '‘Why don’t you feed them be shouted from thousands of pro­ moval of President Zamora? That despicable program of the People’s chocolate eclairs” , he said. letarian throats. the political developments have Front ! Reluctantly they listened to the once more entered into an acute After Zamora’s removal, Azana, spokesmen for the unemployed, con­ In Europe, where Fascist reac­ stage. Zamora was, so to say, the hand in hand with the new presi­ cerned only with finding a conven­ tion has not put the quietus on constant center of the ruling sum­ dent of the Republic, must take ient pretext to oust them from the open demonstrations, hundreds of mits. Under altered conditions he over the role of the true Bonapar­ assembly. The Hoffmans who thousands w ill march behind red played the same role that Hinden- tist center—that is, he must seek could find a hundred methods for banners. burg enacted in Germany for a cer­ to elevate himself above the two winning publicity in the Hauptman tain period of tim e; it was during camps in order the better to be case, could not find a single method Paris and Madrid w ill express a the time when the reaction (even able to direct the arms of the State to feed the unemployed. "Shall we great sentiment in their proletarian the Nazis), on the one side, and against those revolutionary masses rob Peter (read: rich) to pay Paul protests. This is embodied in the in­ the Social Democracy on the other, who assisted him to power. The Peoples Front Salvages Bankrupt (read: poor) asks the Governor? creasing understanding of the les­ put their hopes in him. The Bona- (Continued on Page 2) Never, the assemblymen chorused: sons of Germany and Austria. Un­ “ Let us rob Paul to pay Paul!” fortunately this w ill to struggle And this was the solution. Before w ill be corralled by Stalinists and the assembly ended its delibera­ social democrats in social patriotic Law 'n' O rd er Cops M au l Radicals in First French Election tions, it empowered a committee and class collaborationist channels. under Governor Hoffman to find These forces of treachery are pre­ "ways and means.” This means Real Issues W ill Be pace, and it can proceed only at the And in this sense, the Daily Worker paring to repeat the great crime of Ruse Flops expense of the party of the Radi­ is quite correct in stating that "the the entire problem has been placed August 4th, 1914. Guildsman cal Socialists. This party is the ‘left’ critics of the People’s Front, in the hands of the most ardent D ecided in Streets traditional party of the Third Re­ prophesied that the Radical Social­ “ sales tax” advocate in New Jer­ But in reality their power, de­ Akron Vigilante Frame-up Guild Protests to Hoan public; it is the traditional parlia­ ists would gain at the expense of sey. spite the huge votes rolled up in O n Trade Unionists Not By Ballot Box mentary representative of the the working class parties” (April But before the assemblymen parliamentary elections, is on the After Many arc Slugged French petty-bourgeoisie; it has 28, 1936). could dodge the spotlight of unfa­ wane. Between the pincers of fas­ Falls Through by Police The first ballot in the French played the “historic role” of being Such has been our prognosis, and vorable publicity, they had to dis­ cism and proletarian revolution, the general elections was held last the largest single party in the it has been verified by the elections. pose of the visiting unemployed. It false leaders w ill be crushed. AKRON, A pril 28.—The “ Law Sunday, A pril 26. The 618 Cham­ Chamber. But, the Daily Worker indignantly was clear that a continuation of MILWAUKEE, Wis., Apr. 20.— This May Day must resolve and Order League,” established ber seats were contested by almost denies this. "Nothing of the kind the mock assembly could do them Protests were made by the Milwau­ Doom of the Radical Socialists that treachery does not lead the during the Goodyear strike to blast 5,000 candidates, representing more happened. . . . Sunday’s ballot no good. The pretext was found in working class to the disaster of a way into the plant, has turned kee Newspaper Guild to Mayor than a score of political parties. Time and again we have pointed showed that those Radical Social­ an alleged letter of some veteran, imperialist war or fascism again. out to be one of the brightest jools Hoan regarding police brutality The French Fascists (Croix do out in the columns of the NEW ist candidates who faithfully ad­ threatening to kick the reactionary in the crown of Akron society. Friday night, during a strike dem­ Feu) did not participate directly in M ILITAN T that the crisis in hered to the People’s Front also assemblyman, Joseph O. Paul, out Only by means of trusted and of New Jersey. Now established on a permanent onstration at the Hearst-owned the elections, but supported the ex­ France signified above all the doom gained while those who flirted with tested revolutionary Marxism can treme reactionary candidates. of the Radical Socialist Party. Its reactionaries lost ground.” Only the good naturedness of the basis, the league last week entered Wisconsin News plant. victory be assured. Revolutionary a social w hirl by planting brass A clear majority was obtained collapse is inevitable. Despite the Even the Stalinist editor—after unemployed saved both New Deal Marxism, which proclaims unrem­ knucks, pistols, and jack-handles The police charged the picket by candidates in only 183 constitu­ cover afforded the bankrupt Radi­ a heated denial—has to admit that democrats and Tory Republicans itting war against Capitalism and in. honest Goodyear trade unionists’ lines with clubs and blackjacks encies, less than one-third of the cals by the People’s Front, this those Radical Socialists who fully from another Hoover Bonus Army its labor lieutenants, flies the great scandal. pockets, and then informing the swinging. One strike sympathizer total, making necessary 435 run-oil party has suffered very serious and utilized the assistance afforded banner of Marx and Lenin. Revolu­ police. elections which w ill be held next very significant losses. The turn them by the People’s Front (those The Workers’ Alliance members was cut over the right eye and was tionary Marxism—that is the Sunday, May 3. This unprecedent­ of the middle classes away from who “ faithfully adhered to it” ) returned home empty handed but Fourth International. The very crudeness of the provo­ removed to a hospital for treat­ cation defeated it. ed confusion is symptomatic of the the Radicals is very sharply' illu ­ were the ones who “ also gained.” their heroic struggle has aroused Like Lenin’s valiant handful ment. Five pickets, including a crisis that grips French "democra­ mined by the case of M. Edouard At whose expense? The "doubtful the working class of the country. braving the reaction during the The league made the front pages guildsman, were arrested. The po­ cy.” Herriot. M. Herriot is the parlia­ friends” like Herriot, who did not Their action w ill be emulated time again when B ill Denton, one of war, the Fourth Internationalists lice attacked the strikers’ sound It w ill he possible to determine mentary leader of the Radicals, wholeheartedly pose as People’s and again as the relief system of challenge again the same enemies. God’s, shall we say, more earnest truck, breaking windows in it and one of the Vice-Presidents of the Front men, “lost ground” . . . which other states follows the inevitable shepherds and spare-time red-bait- the actual relationship of forces in Like Lenin’s party they are invin­ tearing out wiring. One picket the new Chamber only after the Chamber, who had never before they w ill recoup on the second bal­ road of New Jersey. cible. er, invoked its aid in attempting to was arrested a block from the scene failed to get elected on the first lot, once again at the expense of close the Soviet film, “ Peasants.” results of the second ballot are of the melee. The five demanded ballot, and who was generally con­ the workers. Other interesting social pheno­ known. But the essential trends a jury trial when they were ar­ and facts pertaining to the parlia­ ceded to have an easy win at Ly­ In the last Chamber, the Radicals mena is a b ill for $21,000.60 pre­ raigned Saturday in the district ons. M. Herriot not only failed to held 151 seats. It is doubtful sented to the county commissioners mentary arena are already quite May Day Greetings from court. Their trials w ill take place clear. get elected, but even to head the whether they w ill get more than by the Lake Erie Chemical Co. for probably this week. list, running second to a reaction­ 120 in the new Chamber. The So­ long range gas guns, tear gas, and Left Vote Mounts Mayor Hoan promised to take ary [Herriot, however, w ill be elec­ cialists are having exalted visions six gas masks. The elections show that the ted on the second ballot]. of supplanting their Radical part­ Comrade Tom Mooney Though every city official is play­ up the protest with Chief of Po­ French masses are moving sharply lice J. G. Laubenheimer. A con­ A question arises as to what ners in the People’s Front as the ing dumb, everything indicates that to the left under the pressure of would have happened to the Radi­ leading and largest party in the Dear Friends, Comrades and Fallow-Unionists: Colonel Joe Johnson, who has ference between the mayor, the the economic and social crisis, cal Socialist Party as a whole had Chamber. Leon Blum, as is evi­ trained hundreds of strikebreakers chief, and a committee from the which is becoming more and more On May 1, 1936, the workers of the world w ill commemorate their it not been propped up from the dent from his editorials in Popu­ day! in Akron shops, ordered the gas Guild w ill be held next Monday. aggravated. The popular vote gives “ left” by the People’s Front? Even la te , already sees himself Premier. for the city—incidentally buying it The Wisconsin News manage­ the preponderance to the so-called On that day, we hope that you w ill not forget those who strug­ ment has applied to the federal this assistance has not stopped but (The Stalinists prefer Daladier.) from himself as a salesman of the left parties, and the People’s Front gled for the solidarity of labor throughout the world. On this day of only retarded the rapid process of chemical firm. court for an injunction to restrain candidates w ill indubitably carry Herriot-Daladier W ill Crack Whip all days, those class-war prisoners who fell victims in that struggle the regional labor board from hold­ disintegration. The policies of the Meanwhile the unions have an­ the majority of the seats in the ,What is the extent of the “ vic­ should be memorialized. They should be exalted to their proper place People’s Front not only prop up swered by putting out a progres­ ing a hearing on the board’s com­ trun-offs. tory” of the People’s Front? With­ the bankrupt Radicals but also un­ in the estimation of those for whom they fought, died and suffered sive, tabloid-size “ United Rubber plaint that the News has violated But there are also equally clear out waiting for the results of the dermine the position of the working imprisonment, and I especially, at this time, appeal to you most (Worker,” by increasing the mem­ the Wagner labor relations act. The indications that a section of the run-off election, we can state with class, because this support causes earnestly and fervently for your attention. bership in the locals, by establish­ injunction plea w ill be heard Sat­ French petty bourgeoisie has al­ assurance that it matters very lit ­ the disillusioned middle-class fol­ May I ask you not to forget all class-war prisoners on that day, ing study classes, and by holding urday by Judge F. A. Geiger. ready began to shift in the direction tle whether or not the Socialists lowing of the Radicals to lose con­ a huge victory ball. In the Good­ Several carloads of sympathizers of reaction and Fascism. This is outnumber the Radicals. It is and in your remembrance of them, do not fail to single out the monu­ fidence both in the latter and in year plant a printed shop paper is are expected here from Chicago indicated by the fact that only a Herriot-Daladier who w ill crack the mental injustice and monstrous wrong that has been done to my co­ the labor partners as well. being started. Friday night for another demon­ minority o f the deputies elected whip in the Chamber and not Blum- sufferer, Warren K. Billings, and myself. The Fascists alone stand to gain Tension in the Goodyear factory stration. Five Muskegon (Mich.) on the first ballot were those repre­ Cachin. The more attention that is attracted to thé Mooney-Billings case, from the debacle of the Radicals, is electric. Fist fights are common. guildsmen flew over late Saturday senting the parties in the People’s According to the most sanguine and the greater the publicity the better are our chances in the United So long as the working class par­ Last Friday a five-hour sit-down to visit strike headquarters. Last Front; and also by the fact that estimates of Populaire and l ’Hu- ties pursue a policy of collaboration States Supreme Court. Leave no stone unturned to publicize to the paralyzed activity. These events week week Edna Ferber, one of the the greatest relative gains in the manite, Blum-Cachin dream of a with Herriot-Daladier instead of fullest this case. It is only through such publicity that we have any w ill undoubtedly hasten and con­ foremost American novelists and first ballot were scored by the re­ total of some 200-220 seats for the waging an irreconcilable struggle hope of freedom. firm the action of the rubber firms formerly a Milwaukee reporter at actionary- Right Republicans. S.P. and the C.P. combined, with against them. With wannest personal regards and every good wish for the com­ in announcing several weeks ago $15 a week, gave $100 for the strike In this we have a clear reflection the Radicals numbering from 100- pílete victory of the working-class, I am, with fraternal trade-union the beginning of decentralization fund. The Milwaukee Typographi­ of the process now going on in People’s Front Saves Radicals 120. In essence, therefore, even of the rubber plants. cal Union No. 23 sent $100 Monday, France which is dividing the na­ The elections provide very clear should the most sanguine hopes of regards, Decidedly, the rubber barons accompanied by a resolution of sol­ tion into two camps. This process evidence of just how the People’s the engineers of the People’s Front Very sincerely, have nothing to be cheery about. idarity. must continue at an accelerated Front has benefited the Radicals. (Continued on Page 4) TOM MOONEY, 31021. PAGE 2 NEW MILITANT SATURDAY, MAY 2, 1936

change occurs in the general eco­ nomic and political situation, pos­ sibly after the election, the policy New Trends in the Evolution of the -W.A.A. is likely to reflect The Roosevelt - Lewis Coalition the general line and temper of the unity convention. This w ill be the aim of the Stalinists under their O f the Unemployed Movement present undisguised and unrestric­ And the Farmer - Labor Party ted opportunism and social-patriot­ By A. J. MUSTE «^unemployed movement. The W.A.A. ism. •and Fascism and against the threat­ ^Problems Arising from and its units w ill perform the func­ By ARNE SWABECK Lewis Takes the W ind° ening war,” they present the labor The recent unification of all the Only Struggle Effective tion of “ trade unions for the un­ With the organization of Labor’s party as a means to this end. At leading unemployed organizations The Washington Unity What this line means for the un­ Non-Partisan League, the Labor O ut of Stalinist the same time the labor party, in Into the Workers Alliance of Amer­ employed.” employed is already plain to every­ party question has come into new their version, is to be “ neither so­ ica marks a definite period in the Convention The chief leaders of the ¡W.A.A., body. A terrific drive to cut down prominence. I t is a peculiar kind 1 9 3 6 Sails cialist nor communist,” and still evolution of the movement. I t Is Socialist and Stalinist, consciously appropriations in order to “ balance of prominence and it is a new ver­ capable of performing these gigan­ important that the militant work­ national body at this date—seven indicate only vaguely the labor encourage conservative trends ra­ the budget” is under way. Thou­ sion of this question. A t the same tic tasks. It is to be a “broad ers in the field should understand time it is the most genuine indica­ party or third party direction. They years after the beginning of the ther than resist the tendency to sands are being dropped from pro­ people’s movement.” What a welter the road that has been travelled, tion yet presented of what a future have no illusions about a serious of confusion and treachery. Any Great Depression, and three years conservatism in the movement. jects. Except where vigorous fight­ the trend which now prevails, and labor party will actually be. labor party movement in 1936. But small town banker, or smart bour­ after the advent of the New Deal There were interesting illustrations ing organizations exist, all kinds of the policy which they must them­ The sponsors of this organization, they see deary the leftward trends geois lawyer, or battered down administration — confirms Harry of this during the convention. They devices for worsening conditions selves adopt for the coming period. among whom are John L. Lewis of in the trade union movement which bourgeois “ liberal” politician may Hopkins’ recent utterance that “un­ displayed the greatest anxiety that are resorted to. No amount of the United Mine Workers. George have been manifested especially in rightfully demand his place in the To date the unemployed organi­ employment is still the most urgent delegations to Congressmen and the flirting with the Green-Woll outfit Berry of the printing pressmens recent strikes, and they understand “ broad people’s movement.” On zations have accomplished a num­ problem before the nation” and sug­ W.P.A. offices should behave like in the A. F. of L. or with liberal union and Sidney Hillman of the that these trends w ill also sooner what grounds could they be ex­ ber of important results. Their gests that the President’s statement gentlemen, though they were actu­ congressmen, no amount of gentle­ Amalgamated Clothing Workers, or later endeavor to find political cluded ? And why should a people’s pressure has helped to keep relief in his Baltimore speech to the ef­ ally going without meals and beds, manliness in dealing with the clev­ have announced that their present expression. movement disparage the New Deal standards from being scrapped fect that “ no man who is sensitive and the authorities politically in­ er politicians of the Roosevelt ma­ objective is the re-election of Roose­ A Shrewd Strategy program? completely. They have established to human values dares to accept sisted nothing could be done about chine, no amount of polite lobbying velt in 1936. That task accomplish­ and asserted the right of the un­ the continued existence of a vast it. Foremost among the speakers by unemployed who have no money In regard to these developements For quite some time the Stalin­ ed, it is intimated, the League may employed to organize. They have permanent army of unemployed” is who addressed the convention were to bring into the lobbies, no amount the Lewis-Hillman group, which is ists have addressed their appeals become the precursor of an Ameri­ corrected innumerable grievances the expression of a pious wish. liberal representatives and sena­ of “ resoluting” about fine-sounding credited with the new strategy, lias to the Lewis’ group urging it to can labor party or third party of of individuals and families. They tors such as Lundeen, Marcantonio, but fake Stalinist farmer-labor or again proven its ability to gauge support the Labor party idea. I t Yet the unemployed and their labor, farmer, liberal and progress­ have contributed some notable Amlie and Frazier, some of whom people’s parties, w ill change this the moods of the masses more ac­ now appears as if these appeals organizations are not the immedi­ ive elements. This is the way it pages to the history of labor strug­ are sponsoring social insurance and situation. curately than the craft conscious have not been in vain. Support for ate and dramatic “ menace” which is now offered to the working class. gles in the United States. They relief bills, and a personal repre­ bureaucrats. Progressives in cer­ a labor party is at least intimated. •they constituted a couple of years Whatever the unemployed got in Starling out with the re-election of have worked out the tactics, first sentative of Harry Hopkins who tain questions of trade union organ­ Such a party would also bear pro­ ago. Objective factors in the gen­ the past, they got because they had Roosevelt, such a party, when applied on a large scale, in the calmly informed the delegates lie ization, this group is Itooseveltian minently the imprint of the official era! economic and political situa­ strong organizations which went on emerging fu ll Hedged, would have Toledo Auto-Lite strike, of active j could do nothing for their hungry in political ideology. This means trade union leadership and of the tion play a part hero. The upturn the war-path. Building or reviving for its base the New Deal program. participation in strikes of emploved ! stomachs and was politely applaud­ that it is a conscious supporter of whole coterie of elements who have in t.iisiiu^s. such as it is, lias eased such organizations and carrying This Is not surprising. An ex­ workers to an extent known in no I ed at the conclusion of his re­ the capitalist system. And for this no difficulty in pronouncing the i lie tension Belief payments and them into action is the job of rev­ amination o'.' the present labor other country. Through their work : marks. The Lasser-Benjamin lead­ reason it lias set for itself the im­ Roosevelt program and the labor project wanes are pitifully inade­ olutionists and militants today. A parly trends, the position of the mediate task of canalizing the in connection w ith concrete needs e rs h ip should hang its head in party with the same accent. I t is quate. Ilarrassed bv the inado- constant struggle with the state, trade union leadership—which, it is of the unemployed and their edu­ shame, it' it is capable of that etno- 1 rends in the movement for indepen­ from these elements and not from .,au:ies of armrojiriations, adminis- wii It governmental agencies, is in­ to lie remembered, is still the cational activities, they have to a tidii. for permitting this insulting dent political action into the safe the workers that, the Stalinists ¡nay . r a ’ o r - are eonstantlv resorting to volved in (lie very nature of the authentic spokesman of tlie move­ ••emai'kabie degree prevented Fas­ and degrading performance. U ntil channels of support of the pseudo- claim their just reward for services io' cues I,, eip down payments to unemployed situation and of any ment it represents—and tlie actual cist or nearT'aseixi outfits from recently no convention of unem­ reform measures of tlie New Deal. rendered in the cause of social re­ i bn workers. The threat oi remov- unemployed movement worthy of role that a labor party can play making inroads into the unem- 1 ployed would have submitted to it. To secure in actuality these mea­ formism. . i from ihe rolls hangs over the the name. in the stage of capitalist decay, sures—which are even too radical ployed masses. It should never lie permitted to A Significant Omen heads ol tens of thousands. There Link with Union Mi'iLuits Needed should convince intelligent workers for finance capital and for tlie most Froni “.Sc! -Help ’ to Class Struggle Happen again. Labor’s Non-Partisan League al­ re iiiiiii Monty of grievances on that what is intimated through the part ruled out by the Supreme It follows, aiso, that the unem­ ready claims for itself a widely in t.iie early months of the crisis ..Iiil Ii to build and hold together Secretary Frank Morrison of the creation of Labor's Non-Partisan Court—with Roosevelt, as long as ployed organizations cannot gain extended support. Norman Thomas y\ lien under liu: influence of vari-1 tie uueninloyed unions. A. F. of L. represented President, League is a fa irly true picture of this is possible and later through a by being drawn down to the low setts in this development a hopeful oils kinds of liberals and academi- i Green, but there was no speaker coming events. new political instrument; this is the Changed Situation level of militancy in many of the sign for a future farmer-labor party. cians. many of the unemployed or-1 from John L. Lewis’ Committee for way tlie question is presented to Nevertheless, the situation is less unions. On the contrary, the work­ Stalinists and Lewis David Dtibinsky of the Internation­ ganizations were of the “ barter'’ Industrial Organization! It is true appear in palatable form to the desperate than in those days when ing class movement as a whole can Let us compare this with the al Ladies Garment Workers threw and "sell-help'' type, no results were that Norman, Thomas and Mother workers. prosperity was supposed to be just gain only if tlie unemployed help labor party idea sponsored by the in his support immediately, and to obtained. A system of exchange Bloor also spoke but, doubtless in around the corner, unemployment a to heighten tile militancy of the Stalinists in their present hurricane The contradiction of this strategy leave no room for misunderstand­ among rbo.se who had nothing, still line with more or less direct hints passing phenomenon, and the only unions. Consequently, tlie tie-up campaign. There is no need to lies not in the linking of support to ing he resigned from the Socialist left them with nothing in the end. from the officers, they refrained source of relief either the overbur­ which the unemployed must seek ignore their violent disavowal of Roosevelt in 1936 with a labor party. His loyalty, to the extent Conditions became worse and from putting forward the Socialist dened private charities, or bank­ is with the industrial as against the Lewis, Berry, Hillman coalition party to apear later. The contra­ that he had any, had been with the worse. It was when the unem­ or the Communist parties respec­ rupt city, county and state treasur­ the craft-unionists in the A. F. of or its present aims, for even as a diction, insofar as the workers are Old Guard. On what good grounds ployed began to “ raise hell,” built tively. All the recognized leaders ies. Then too the temper of the L. who have never evinced the pretense that much would be neces­ concerned, lies in the blurring of can the Old Guard decline to follow organizations oil a basis (conscious spoke for a Farmer-Labor party to masses was more inflammable in slightest interest in the unemployed sary. W ith this we need not be the class issues, in the harnessing his example? or unconscious) of class struggle include also liberals and progres­ those months when for the first masses; and basically the tie-up seriously concerned. In politics, in­ of the slowly developing political that some results were obtained. sives, and the incoming National On the whole it would be difficult time the ground was slipping out must be not with bureaucrats at tentions or desires are of little ac­ consciousness to a program and a Not the least important result was Executive Board is instructed to to deny that all the signs of labor from under their feet, “ upstanding “explore the possibilities” of form­ the top but with the militant-pro­ count, even declarations have val­ movement based purely on obtain­ party developments point unmistak­ that the unemployed learned the Americans” were forced to under­ gressive forces in the unions—a tie idity only when accompanied by cor­ ing concessions from capitalism at power of organization, realized ing such a party on a national ably in one and the same direction. go the humiliation of applying for forged and constantly made strong­ responding deeds. But, above all, a time when real concessions can their own strength, developed a scale in 1936. It could not be otherwise once a relief, were evicted from homes er in the daily struggles of em­ it is the objective logic of the posi­ be wrung from it only to the ex­ fighting psychology. When the un­ Power in United Bpdy reformist party is projected. D if­ they had built, etc., then it is now ployed and unemployed alike. tion that is the decisive criterion. tent that the working class ad­ ferences in outward appearances employed marched on Washington when they have become in greater' The lowering of the temper of Leaving all outward appearances vances and organizes along revo­ or other centers in 1932 to 1935 Since it is impossible in an un­ should not deceive anybody, for the or lesser degree adjusted to a new the unemployed organizations in aside the fundamental issue there­ lutionary lines. The history of the they were usually met by police on employed organization to establish objective logic of the positions ad­ status and a lowered standard of recent months has been accompan­ a very strict centralized control fore remains: what will be the ob­ Roosevelt measures bears this out vanced along the lines of social re­ the outskirts of the city and pre­ most clearly. Therefore, so ■ long living. Another factor in produc­ ied, significantly enough, by a con­ from the center, nothing prevents jective result of these two positions formism must necessarily lead to vented from entering or else so as the developing political con- ing a more stable situation is the siderable slump in membership. The the fighting spirits in city, county, on the labor party question? And one and the same general result treated within the city limits that fact that the Roosevelt-Hopkins W.A.A. grew stronger because of in it we shall be sure to find a sciouness of the workers can be serious disturbances ensued. The state organizations from getting Today the most genuine indication policy of recognizing the “ right” of the accession of previously existing busy at once with building along resemblance as striking as two eye­ thus harnessed capitalism remains some six hundred delegates at the of what the actual result will be, the unemployed to organize but in­ units, rather than the formation of these lines; w ith invading such re­ balls. safe to continue its exploitation. recent unity convention of the un­ is furnished by the Lewis, Berry, sisting that they behave in a “re­ new ones, and thus gained relative­ actionary strongholds as Tampa, In outward appearance there are W ither the “Peoples Movement?” employed in Washington in which Hillman coalition—for Roosevelt sponsible” manner, as against the ly to the Councils and the Leagues, Florida; with support of militant differences. In origin and gestation This is aiso the contradiction of the Workers Alliance of America toward a labor party or third party Tory attitude of flatly denying the but its strongest state organization, strikes as the Project 'Workers the differences may seem to the less the Stalinist campaign for a labor absorbed the former National Un­ based on the New Deal program. right to organize, is percolating all for example, the Illinois Workers’ Union in Akron stood ready to give discerning as if in open cbnflict. But party. But this glib propaganda employment Councils, National Un­ This can hardly be the thing that the way down into the heads of at Alliance, experienced the same de­ the Goodyear workers recently; opportunist trends easily meet re­ on the question, insofar as they in­ employed League and a number of class conscious workers are looking least a large percentage of the local cline in membership and activity as gardless of origin. Labor’s Non- lesser organizations, convened in with large-scale local and state fluence class conscious workers, is forward to. It can hardly be an administrators and foremen. wias manifested in most other or­ demonstrations. Thus w ill the W. Partisan League gestated from the the spacious and imposing auditori­ far more dangerous and far more object of support to socialist work­ ganizations. A.A. be made into an important New Deal program and its spokes­ criminal. Attempting to delude um of the U. S. Department of La­ Such conditions tend to develop ers. Their job still remains the progressive force in the class-strug­ men are still very cautious about their followers, who sincerely want bor and their sessions were much an organization devoted mainly to Setting-up of a single national or­ one of building a movement for gle in this country. future perspectives. In words they more sedate than those of last “ collective bargaining” between ganization of unemployed in which to “ fight against political reaction socialism. fa ll’s A. F. of L. convention! Much workers and management (in this Socialists, Trotskyists, Stalinists, about the evolution and the present case local, state and federal autho­ etc., participate is in an important branch lobby office in Washington, are anxious to reinstate themselves position of the unemployed move­ rities) and lobbying for legislation respect a progressive achivement. D.C. with the Townsendites. ment is revealed in this contrast. in the interest of the group, rather It w ill give considerable impetus to Townsend Plan Hits In the spring of 1935 the Town­ It remained for the Stalinists to than to agitation and “ revolution­ the organizing movement in the send Plan was introduced into the The Most Urgent Problem jump into this mess of middle class ary” objectives. The establishment immediate future, though conflict House of Representatives by J. S. The fusing of many organiza­ of the enlarged Worker^’ Alliance among diverse political tendencies The Downward Trek McGroarty, poet laureate of the messiahs and vote-anxions congress­ tions of relief recipients and pro- of America definitely marked the will not by any means be entirely state by special act of the Califor­ men to lend the movement the in­ jeot workers into a relatively stable ascendancy of this trend in the eliminated. U ntil some substantial Sixty-six years went by before in theory but absolutely unsur­ nia legislature. I t received some valuable advice and aid of the be­ Dr. Francis E. Townsend of Long passed as an expression of all the fifty votes from Congressmen an­ loved leader of the world proleta­ ■the parliamentarian cliques. Beach, California, noticed the in­ petty and vicious fears and hopes xious to bolster their precarious 7. To be present in every strug­ justice of this world. For sixty- of aging lower middle class shop­ reputations at home. riat, Stalin. In a pamphlet on the P roblems for the Fourth gle so as to invest it with clear six years he was content to strug­ keepers, professionals, retired fa r­ Townsend plan Alex Bittelman, the During 1935 the movement con­ expression. gle onward over the backs of the mers, and ex-political jobholders. second string authority on counter­ tinued to grow until the founders 8. To drive constantly towards working class to a comfortable po The scheme was to pay a ll 100 claimed more than twenty million revolutionary Trotskyism, hails the having the fighting masses form litical post in the City Health de Internationalists inSpain percent Americans who had man­ signatures to petitions and memo­ Old Age Revolving Pension Plan and constantly expand their com­ partment. aged to keep out of jail for sixty randa to Congress; a monster dem­ as a movement of the “masses of mittees of action (juntas, soviets), Then at a ripe old age the middle years a sum of $200 per month for (Continued from Page 1) carry on together with Maurin a elected ad hoc. onstration of social unrest. I t be­ the toilers,” in a “powerful protest completely impotent propaganda class crusader lost his job in a not doing any work. The money came a menace to the federal gov­ workers’ organizations, however, re­ 9. To counterpose the program political overturn. And as he was to be raised by a 15 percent . . . against the policy of monopo­ main completely enmeshed in the for the “ democratic-socialist” revo­ ernment for it threatened to reveal lution, that is, for a social, demo­ of the conquest of power, the dic­ counted his meagre savings and sales tax on the working class, re­ to the middle class and deluded lies.” ( !) net of the People's Front. The tatorship of the proletariat and the faced a jobless and poverty stricken gardless of citizenship or criminal convulsions of the revolutionary cratic betrayal.** working class supporters of the A Revolutionary Attitude social revolution to all hybrid pro­ senility he was overcome with a record. Plan the complete dependence of masses (without a program, with­ Nobody can know what form the grams (a ia Caballero, or a la humanitarian impulse. The workers can have no use for out a leadership worthy of confi­ next period in Spain w ill take. In Dr. Townsend's original plan the “ people’s representatives” on Maurin). Looking out of the window of didn’t mention the working class big capital. this vicious middle class scheme for dence) thus threaten to throw the any case, the flood tide which has This is the real road of the pro­ his little house he observed three specifically as the source of the raising pensions at the expense of gates wide open to the counter-rev­ borne the clique of the People’s letarian revolution. There is no The Investigation old women rummaging through the twenty billion per year necessary the workers. They want old age olutionary dictatorship.' Front to power is too mighty to other. Instead of answering the plan, garbage looking for something to for the operation of the plan; but pensions for all productive workers Nin and Andrade ebb in a short period of time and L. TROTSKY. instead of concerning themselves eat. This observation late in 1933 it is evident that any sales tax regardless of citizenship, and they That the workers are driving to leave the battlefield free to the April 12, 1936. with the economic terror it re­ reaction. The truly revolutionary seems to have been not only the falls most heavily on the workers, want them raised by income taxes ahead in a revolutionary direction flected, instead of proposing serious elements still have a certain period beginning of the Old Age Revolving who form the great majority of the on wealthy individuals and corpor­ is shown by the development of all ♦The turn of the B atalla toward Pension Fund idea, but also the buying public. alternatives, the august bootlickers of time, not too long a time to be the People’s 1’ront does not inspire in Congress decided upon a cam­ ations. their organizations, most particu­ first time that Dr. Townsend be­ Dr. Townsend enlisted the aid of sure, in which to reflect, to assem­ us with confidence. One cannot paign of personal slander and in­ More than this, the workers larly by that of the Socialist Party came aware of the fact that all was his business friend, Earl Clements, and the Socialist Youth. Two years ble and to prepare for the future. say Monday that the League of sinuation against the leaders. should know from experience that This refers in the first place to not roses and soft jobs in Long whose former experience as a Cali­ ago we raised the question of the Nations is a band of brigands, on poverty in old age is only one facet the Spanish supporters of the Be.ach. fornia real estate broker proved A congressional investigation was entry of the Spanish Bolshevik- Tuesday urge voters to vote for of a system that condemns the Fourth International. Their tasks Birth of Movement valuable in selling the shares of launched in the hope of destroying Leninists into the Socialist Party. the program of the League of Na­ working class to poverty, insecurity are as clear as day. Like many other workers the new development to the public. the Old Age Pension movement by This proposal was rejected by the tions, on Wednesday explain that discrediting Townsend. The same and unemployment every day of the Tasks of Fourth Internationalists throughout the country the three I t was decided that a 15 percent Andres Nins and Andrades w ith the yesterday it was only a question of congressmen who can contemplate year. disdainfulness of conservative Phil­ 1. To condemn pitilessly and to electoral action and that today one old women lived on the garbage of sales tax was too bald, and in its capitalist civilization long before place was put a 21 percent transac­ with indifference the expenditure Naturally the Townsend move­ istines : they wanted “indepen­ pillory before the masses the policy lias to resume one's own program. of thirty million dollars on a wild ment has certain fascist potential!? The serious worker must ask: and Townsend lost his job with the City tion tax; a piece of legerdemain dence” at all costs, because it left of all the leaders participating in and useless Trans-Floridan ship ties. The O.A.R.P. already has’the them in peace and put them under the People’s Front. what are these people going to say Health Department and are prob­ made all the easier by the fact that ably still scavenging under the new canal for the purpose of raising a reform socialist demagogy, the rank no obligations. And yet, affiliation 2. To grasp in fu ll the wretched­ Friday and Saturday? Maurin ap­ the authors were restrained by no Health Department. considerations of economic possibil­ few thousand Democratic votes in nationalism, and the messianic to the Socialist Party in Spain ness of the leadership of the “ Work­ pears to be the very incarnation of, Florida suddenly became indignant leadership of the fascist movement. would have yielded immeasurably ers Party of Marxian Unity” and a petty bourgeois revolutionist, su­ But in the meanwhile a new ity. A transaction tax doesn’t sound movement has arisen to save Town­ as bad as a sales tax, although in and self-righteous at the thought But in these times of comparative better results, under the given cir­ especially of the former “ Left Com­ perficial, agile and versatile. He of an organization which collected capitalist security and business re­ studies nothing, he understands lit ­ send and tens of thousands of other operation it would fall almost as cumstances than was the case, for munists”—Andres Nin, Andrade, a bare fifty cents per member to a covery the Townsend movement is example, in France. (Given the etc., and to portray them clearly tle and he spreads confusion all middle class old people from a fate heavily on the working class. the working class faces every day total of not more than a million probably doomed to end in another premise, of course, that in Spain in the sight of all the advanced around him. Mushroom Growth of every year—poverty. dollars. EPIC fizzle. I t serves a purpose the great mistakes committed by workers. **Marx wrote in 1876 on the Dr. Townsend sat down at his The partners opened up shop in Committee’s Revelations in exposing the hopeless and reac­ the leading French comrades would 3. To rally around the banner falseness of the term “ social demo­ desk and figured out an economic Long Bearch on New Years Day of tionary nature of middle class re­ have been averted.) Meanwhile, of the Fourth International on the crat” : socialism cannot be subor­ Despite a great hullaballo raised 1934, and began sending out letters formism, the cynical indifference however, Andrade and Nin united basis of the “Open Letter.” dinated to democracy. Socialism scheme highly naive and unsound by the investigating committee and folders describing their econo­ and servility of the capitalist gov­ with the confused Maurin, in order 4. To join the Socialist Party (or communism) is enough for us. about Townsend’s methods of or­ mic discovery. A t the end of six ernment, and the stupid and equally jointly to trot behind the People’s and the United Youth in order to “ Democracy” has nothing to do ready been carried out. The Peo­ ganization, his accounting for months they were receiving two cynical attempts of Stalinism to Front.”* The Socialist workers work there as a faction in the spirit with it. Since then, the October ple’s Front is renewing it. The funds, his management of the pa­ thousand answers per day, and had capitalize on all this petty bour­ however, in their striving for rev­ of Bolshevism. revolution has vigorously demon­ personification of the “ democratic” per, etc., it appears that Townsend moved into a Los Angeles office geois swill. olutionary clarity, fell victim to 5. To establish fractions and strated that the socialist revolution revolution in Spain is Azana, with is no more of a crook than a con­ with 95 stenographers. The middle the Stalinist deceivers. The fusion nuclei in the trades unions and cannot be carried out within the or without Caballero. The socialist gressman, and draws about the class responded magnificently to of the two youth organizations sig­ other mass organizations. framework of democracy. The revolution is yet to be made in im­ same salary. this scheme for sharing with the nifies that the best revolutionary 6. To direct the main attention “ democratic” revolution and the placable struggle against the “ dem­ The investigation is not yet com­ big capitalists in the exploitation energies w ill be abused and dissi­ to the spontaneous and semi-spon­ socialist revolution are on opposite ocratic” revolution and its People’s plete but there are already rumors of the workers. pated by the Comintern stipendia­ taneous mass movements, to study sides of the barricades. The Third Front. What does this synthesis, of political disagreements among ries. And the “ great” revolution­ their general traits, i.e. ( to take International theoretically con­ “ democrptic - socialist” revolution In January 1935, after barely one the committee members. No doubt ists, Andres Nin and Andrade re­ heed of the temperature of the firmed this experience. The “ dem­ mean? Nothing at all. It is only year, the movement could claim some of the congressmen foresee main on the sidelines in order to masses and not the temperature of ocratic” revolution in Spain has al- an eclectic hodge-podge. followers in the millions and a the failure of the investigation, and SATURDAY, M A t 2,* 1936 NEW MILITANT

Turks in times gone by automatic­ tf ally became a Pasha or a Bey.’ The A Sensational Interview” designation of “ beloved leaders” BROWDER: THE M AN & H IS B O O K in every country is not merely done in servile imitation of the Russian state of things. It is politicalyl Azana Sends His Best 1. The Stalinist System of Beloved Leaders necessary for the Stalin regime. Under it, the Comintern has been reduced to the position of a de­ Love to Stalin partment of the Soviet Foreign Of­ By MAX SHACHTMAN The good leader does not operate as would mean the end of the his subjects to comment loudly upon fice. Stalin has no .time or need of Light was thrown on the reasons test but I am not in the least inter­ Not every book has the Impor­ by himself; he surrounds himself bureaucracy. Bureaucratism there­ the beauty of his garments which revolutionary working class poli­ fore strangles the party organiza­ they could not see, was disconcerted behind the Stalinists’ pro-Azana ested in their position. tance of a political program; in­ w ith other qualified men in whose tics. The idea of the normal de­ course in Spain, by the publication “Ehrenbourg: Are you a member deed very, very few have. The tionally and politically. Commun­ by the little child who cried, “ But velopment of a leadership indigen­ company, as the old Romans had it, ism means the establishment of a the King is naked!” In the Soviet in the Daily Worker of April 23 of the presidium of the League for present volume* may, however, be ous to its communist and working of an eight-column streamer, “Span­ the Defense of Peace? counted among the limited number. he is first among equals. The good new relationship between man and Union, even the smallest child is class movements, is entirely super­ leader does not convert this com­ man. Reactionary bureaucratism, taught to say that his nude sove­ ish Premier. Holds Soviet Union “Azana: Yes, I am, together with Nor is this all. By its contents as fluous—even dangerous—to his cal­ Guarantor of Peace,” and under­ Alvarez Dea Vayo and the poet, well as by the circumstances sur­ pany into an aloof bureaucracy sep­ its antipode, ends by establishing reign is not only not naked but is culations. In every party, he mere­ arated from the ranks and striving between the summits and the ranks garbed in the most ravishing mode. neath it a cable from Moscow which Antonio Machado. rounding its conception, i t is pos­ ly needs a Governor-General who gives in fu ll an interview between sible to get a good mental picture above all for self-preservation and the relationship of feudal lord and Omniscient and Omnipresent can trustworthily translate into the “Ehrenbourg: How do you esti­ self-perpetuation. Quite the con­ Azana and the Soviet w riter Ehr- mate the role of the U.S.S.R. in the of the movement for which it serves serf. To preserve itself, the bureau­ language of his country the require­ trary. He does not fear to give a enbourg, terming it a “ sensational matter of the defense of peace? as a program and of the man at But what if differences arise in cracy puts all its hopes in the Su­ ments of the Soviet bureaucracy. thorough and periodic account of his interview.” “Azana: The U.S.S.R. is the guar­ the head of the movement. preme Arbiter, Stalin. To preserve The fact that this agent is exclu­ stewardship; he welcomes criticism. the ranks of the bureaucracy itself, Contrast the generous space given antor of peace. Your country pos­ What has struck reviewers who as they always do and inevitably him, the bureaucracy carries on a sively dependent upon the goodwill I f his course is correct, he has suf­ to this interview, with the sparsity sesses m ilitary power and is there­ are not direct partisans of the au­ must? As a rule, the bureaucrats systematic, well-organized, and tho­ of those who appointed him has a ficient confidence in the ranks to of news from Spain in the Daily fore able to defend our common thor and consequently do not need cannot appeal to the ranks to in­ roughly hair-raising campaign of double advantage: 1) thq ranks of know that they will endorse it. If Worker since the February elec­ ideals. Fascism is the germ of war. to render the volume the dithyram- tervene in the settlement of the panegyrics to The Leader. Steadily the party, which have been trained his course is wrong, the same con­ tion. Almost nothing is reported. bic homage which is otherwise com­ differences. That would mean to dinned into the minds of the masses that way, w ill take what this me­ “Ehrenbourg: Are you acquainted fidence assures him that the ranks What little is printed is dishonestly pulsory, is the startling contrast loosen the bonds of the masses, to is the notion that they must believe chanical transmitter says without with Soviet art? w ill help him by correcting it. By distorted. Azana’s speech of April between "What Is Communism ?”, awaken them, to present them with what they are told, not what they questioning i t ; 2) he can be re­ “Azana: I particularly value the means of this mutual consultation 4, hailed by the reactionaries, was published early in 1936, and “ Com­ political problems to solve, to set see. I f the masses can be made to moved just as easily as he was ap­ new Soviet music which I have and influencing, the leader keeps not mentioned. His speech of A pril munism in the United States’’ by them in motion. Once that is done, believe that The Leader is-as wise, pointed. Each agent is like a light heard lie re and in Paris. I know his indispensable contact with the 15 was mentioned—but his attack the same Earl Browder, published the bureaucracy lias no way of as infallible and as good as Omni­ along the communications system the Soviet writers and your litera­ ranks of the movement—a contact in it on Communism was deleted! less than a year ago. Briefly, where telling where the re-awakened mass­ scient and Omnipresent God liim- of the Comintern. Stalin throws tim? lias enabled me to understand without which he is sure to go In its A pril IS story, the Daily the 103."» exposition of the C. 1». es w ill stop. Good gracious! They selt, then the decrees which he the master switch, all of them turn the soul of the Soviet revolution. I wrong; and the ranks are not only Worker revealed the bankruptcy of standpoint said Black, the 1936 ex­ might decide that the real solution issues, prim arily in the interests of pink, amt the trains w ill move ac­ need not mention the great impres­ in a position to check and control, the line of the C.P.-S.P. which in position says W hite; where the to the bureaucratic dispute lies in the bureaucracy, w ill find more cordingly in each country; a twist sion which Soviet films have made hut they are constantly being train­ the middle of the general strike “ de­ former said No the latter says Yes; the elimination o£ the bureaucracy favor and less opposition. of the master switch and all lights upon me. I regret today to say ed to a better understanding of clared they may participate later. where the former had a plus sign itself! Increasingly reluctant to turn yellow or green or blue. that 1 am acquainted wirii Stanis­ problems, and prepart’d for leader­ That, we believe, is the main Their present decision was to sup­ the latter now puts a minus sign refer its unavoidable disputes to lavsky and Mcicrhold ¡famous So­ ship themselves. And the job of reason for tile incredible system of in Cliina, one day, the masses port tiie Azana government insofar —and vice, versa. the masses, the bureaucracy always viet theatre directors] only from the revolutionary parly is to lead.. delirious laudation of Stalin which w ill suddenly be informed that the as it takes effective action against The ‘ Beloved Leader” lends to set up a .Supreme Arbiter ought to bring a flush of shame to Staliuist leader they love is L i Li- me reactionaries.” Yet the Daily books. I hope soon lo i;e in Mos­ Bureacratic Leadership This inconsistency, by itself, in its own midst, one upon whom it. oven one save the mamclukcs of the ,v.n; hut it can happen (it d id !!) Worker had the gall to pat as a cow. Wo must do everything in would be enough to cause a stir. In general, this represents the relies lor the protection of its icgimo. and even to some of them. that the masses should wake up headline on. this story that “People's order to acq-iainr tiie Counth 'peo­ But it is complicated by the pheno­ normal and healthy way in which caste interests from attacks by ob­ Jest look at a few examples from a some morning and find that they Block (i. e., including Azana) ple with Soviet culture mid art. menon of consistency. The official the party ranks and leadership streperous members of the caste it ­ recent compilation. da not love him the least bit, they Forces Arrest of Fascists in Civil I h i. ‘I n il,- Low ilo yen esti­ C. P. reviewers are just as unre­ must function. A bureaucratic re­ self as well by the masses whom it i homeless Panegyrics for Stalin love Wang Min instead. In France, Gtsard.” The same story reports mate the situation in Spain'? strained in their encomiastic praise gime represents the abnormal and dominates. the proletariat must accept Tlioiez “ Azana: \ esienlay’s events show Renamed or newly-named cities the C.P.-S.P. vote of confidence in of the second volume as they were unhealthy way. i t is interested p ri­ “ But the King Is Naked” anil nobody else as its ‘'beloved Azana. but suppresses ail facts that the 'rights’ have not recon­ of the first. However opposite may marily in keeping itself intact, and of .the U. S. S. It. now include This is, roughly, the general out­ leader”—for France only, to lie about his anti-Communisr attack in ciled themselves. Certain elements he the views expressed by the two consequently-develops distinct caste Stalinsk, Stalingrad, Staline, Stalin, line of the mechanics of the evolu­ sure; on a world scale, only Stalin tiie Cortes. In short, the Daily in the Civil Guards showed insub­ volumes, in the eyes of the average interests of its own. Having lost Sfalinabad, Stalinissi, Stalin-Aoul, tion of a Bonaparrist leadership, is the object of its affection. Sim­ Worker behaves like the Stalinist ordination. Yesterday, the govern­ rending mortal, he is nevertheless contact with the ranks, it loses that Stalinir and Stalinogorsk. to say clearly discernible in the develop­ ilarly, in every other country, from “ Mundo Obrero” which outdoes the ment took a number of urgent mea­ gushingly assured that in both indispensable knowledge of the nothing of the highest, peak of ment of the Soviet Union, especially Australia to Zanzibar. government papers in its slavish sures: the removal or replacement cases the author has displayed a moods, needs, interests of the masses. .Mount Pamir, Peak Stalin (the of its Communist party, in the last Following Machiavelli’s Advice support of Azana. Why? Azana’s of Fascists who are among the com­ wisdom, a simplicity, an insight, a Without that, its charts are no good second highest being named Peak decade. The more insufferable the In his chapter “ Of Those Who interview, relayed from Moscow, manding staff. scope, a majesty that are associ­ and more often than not it leads the Lenin). Factories and streets bear­ bureaucratic regime becomes, the supplies the answer: Azana is a “ The ‘rights’ are frightened and ated in each communist party with ranks onto a reef. The history oil ing the august name are legion. Have Attained the Position of narrower the organized base of its Prince by Villainy,” Niccolo Machi- “ friend” of the Soviet Union! w ill not dare to raise their heads. only one member: the beloved lead­ the labor movement is rife with ex­ existence, the more imperiously it In the field of belles lettres, avelli gives the advice that “in We quote tiie interview as a I believe that in the very near fu­ er in his particular country. amples of this fatal connection be­ requires periodic “ endorsements” Stalin has assumed a position of taking a state the conqueror must whole: ture we w ill have an agrarian re­ The modern “ beloved leader” of tween organization and politics. from the masses. The closer it the very highest renown. A con­ arrange to commit all his cruelties “Ehrenbourg: w hat measures has form. We are preparing a bill the communist parties (each of Unable to give an accounting of comes to utter bankruptcy and ex­ tributor to “ The Literary Gazette” at once, so as not to have to recur the Spanish Government taken for which w ill allow us more stringent them is plagued with one) is a new itself that w ill be acceptable to the posure, the more feverishly does it tells you that “ i t is the role of to them every day, and so as to he the establishment of normal diplo­ control over Spanish banks. phenomenon directly associated ranks, the bureaucracy draws fu r­ seek to bolster the legend of its linguistics and ariticism to study matic relations with the U.S.S.R.? “ The People’s Front is stable and with and expressive of the politics ther and further away from them. able, by not making fresh changes, successes, its infallibility and its the style of Stalin.” The versifier to reassure people and win them “Azana: During the campaign, the Communists are trusted allies. which gave it birth. We do not be­ It resents their interference and popularity. Demian Biedny declares at a meet­ over by benefiting them.” the People’s Front advanced the de­ The enemies of the regime are only lieve that the significance of the fears it. Once it has gained organ­ ing; “Learn to write like Stalin mand for the establishment of dip­ In point of fact, that is what among the ‘rights.’ I do not deny present volume’s contents can be izational control of the movement, Lenin, serene in the knowledge writes.” An effusive, but entirely lomatic relations with the U.S.S.R. Staflin did in the United States. that we are confronted with many fully grasped without an under­ by virtue of one or another com­ that his policies were correct, or if typical lady of letters, describes During the next two weeks, an Am­ Taking over the American C. P. obstacles but I am convinced that standing of the author, not so much bination of circumstances, it must wrong, could he corrected in a nor­ Stalin in a Russian journal as bassador of the Spanish Republic the People’s Front will triumph from those suspected of “ rotten as a particular individual but as a inevitably deprive the ranks of the mal manner, had no fear whatso­ nothing less than the direct con­ w ill be appointed to Moscow. I liberalism” towards Bukharin—the completely and that Fascism is political phenomenon. possibility and opportunity to ex­ ever to expose himself and his tributor of Goethe. A writer in know that the “ rights” w ill pro-doomed.” Browder was recently elaborate­ press themeselves politically in a course to the widest public discus­ “ A t the Literary Post” casually Lovestoneites—he committed “ all ly introduced to the bourgeois free and thorough manner, for they sion. Stalin, the incarnation of the informs the reader that Stalin his cruelties at once” : Browder tors who “ dame to,the Colonies not world through the columns of the would eventually and unfailingly bureaucracy, is anything but serene, “ has always been distinguished by was appointed General Secretary debonair monthly “The American draw such organizational conclu­ and' for good reason. The nude his profound comprehension of lit ­ and Beloved Leader in one. In after the landing of the Mayflower, Magazine” (Feb. 1936). The tone sions from their political expression king of the fairy tale who compelled erature.” A manifesto of the As­ turn, he has created Beloved Lead­ and members of the family hove employed by Hubert Kelley, the sociation of “ proletarian” writers ers on a lower scale in the hier­ fought in every war waged by this author of the article, who writes archy. Lem Harris is thus the be­ says without a smile : “ Each sec-1 country up to the last one” (The like more than a casual acquain­ tien, each paragraph of the speech loved leader of the farmers; Her­ D.A.R. touch). In his hook (the tance of the secretary of the Com­ On the Soviet Section o f of Stalin is the most fertile theme bert Benjamin the Beloved Leader munist party, indicates that “Our for artistic works.” of the Unemployed; James Ford new one!) Broivder assures Mr. the Beloved Leader of the Harlem No. 1 Communist” (as the presen­ Stalin: Peer of Kantians Hearst that “ we cannot think of masses; Israel Amter the Beloved tation is entitled) is a semi-official The Fourth International any other spot on the globe where introduction of Browder to the re­ No less a genius does The Leader Leader of the New York workers. spectable public. The fact that display in the field of philosophy. But over and above them all is the we would rather be than exactly Browder has nowhere commented By L . T . shevikrLeninists were expelled from An unblushing professor tells the Beloved Leader Browder, only this one” (p. 13) and on the next on the article, much less challenged In a public report on Dec. 30, the party (exclusive of the party Communist Academy in Moscow : one step removed (but what a page he generously pleads on be­ “ The position of the theses of or disowned it, fortifies this con­ 1935, Khruschov, the leader of the candidates and the Y.C.L.). On step!) from THE Beloved Leader half of the foreign-born workers: clusion. Moscow organization, the most im­ Kantism cannot be completely un­ of the World Proletariat. the basis of the reports of Khru- “They deserve, at a minimum [!] “Mind Like an Adding Machine” portant and the largest in the party, derstood in contemporary science In making his choice, Stalin was “ I think Earl Browder is the boasted that, the check-up of the sehov and Zhdanov, that have been except in the light of comrade not deceived. Be the figure as col­ a little courtesy [!!] from those leader of the Communist party,” party documents resulted in suc­ published since then, we conclude Stalin’s last letter.” (The refer­ orless and mediocre as possible— who would speak of Americanism.” writes Mr. Kelley, “for the same cess. The enemies of the party that not less than 10,000 “Trotsky­ ence is to Stalin’s putrid attack on it does not matter much. Obscuri­ To Kelley’s question about the prob­ reason that certain other men are were exposed: “ Trotskyists, Zino- ists” and “ Zinovievists” were ex­ the memory of Rosa Luxemburg ; ty, too, is no handicap—-a reputa­ lem of saluting the flag faced by leaders in the capitalist world vievists, spies, kulaks, White Guard pelled in the two capital cities the connection it has with the Kan­ tion w ill be speedily and elaborate­ Browder’s children in the public which he hates—because they are, officers.” - The order in which the alone. tian theses is, of course, perfectly ly manufactured and disseminated schools, the latter replies: “ I t ’s as a rule, more intelligent, harder- categories of the expelled are listed * * • obvious.) A w riter in “ Revolution for him. All that is really required their flag. Why shouldn’t they working, and longer-suffering than is very remarkable, indeed! In We failed to run across a single and Culture” sets down the fact of the Beloved Leader is that he salute it?” (American Magazine, anybody else—because they are Moscow, the kulaks and White reference to the “Democratic Cen­ that Stalin is to be counted among have a vacancy in those spots Feb. 1936, p. 111.) the '‘profound connoisseurs and loyal to one idea in life.” Guard officers occupy the last tralist Group” or to the “ Workers’ where a normal human being has Why not, indeed? For the point critics of Hegel” (as Stalin’s col­ This might explain Browder’s place: they were taken care of Opposition,” either in the general his spinal column and his cerebel­ is that the Stalinist parties, their leadership of the C. P., were it not long ago by the previous purges listing of the categories of the ex­ lected works on philodbphy amply lum, and that the hinges of his Beloved Leaders included, have for the fact that Mr. Kelley unwit­ in the capital. There is no need to pelled, or among the individual re­ reveal). Still another lover of bu­ knees be well-oiled. Time was changed flags. Another word for reaucratic posteriors adds that tingly deprives this explanation of dwell upon “spies” as a special ports, articles and notes. It is when Browder would not have qual­ such action is: betrayal. How Stalin belongs among “ the most any foundation in the paragraph category. Thus, the chief targets quite probable, of course, that iso­ ified for the post; those old in the completely the principles to which competent authorities on contem­ directly preceding i t “ Nobody back of the purge in Moscow were the lated expulsions of the representa­ movement recall days when he had the C.P. once bore allegiance have porary philosophical problems.” A home [i.e., in the U. S.] can ac­ Trotskyists and the Zinovievists. tives of these groupings took place, ideas of his own, even if they were been abandoned, is revealed by a fourth stipendiary notes in passing count for his rise. Some said he But, no more and no less than but they were so few numerically almost invariably wrong. But he thorough reading of the new Brow­ had a routine mind like an adding 9,975 members of the party were that they were included among the in “The Cultural Front” that “Es­ has since sternly repressed this de­ der book. machine. I have often heard per­ expelled In the city alone, apart general category of “ others.” This sentially, certain prognostications fect. He has learned the all-suffic­ sons who know him wonder how from the district itself! fact is of major political impor­ of Aristotle have been incarnated ing virtue of Obedience. This v ir­ he got the job and kept it.” (My In Leningrad, 7,274 people were tance. W ith the preservation of and deciphered in all their ampli­ tue, in the Stalinist order of things, emphasis.) expelled. Zhdanov, the Leningrad the socialized means of production tude only by Stalin.” has its own reward in the form of As an introduction to a consider­ leader of the party, announced and with the collectivization of the The late Kirov described Stalin Beloved Leadership. ation of the book proper, let us at­ that “The counter-revolutionary overwhelming majority of the peas­ at the 17th Congress as not more Last year, Browder put between tempt to analyze the phenomenon Zinovievists occupy a notable place antry, the economic and cultural and not less than “ the greatest covers a collection of articles and which causes even “ persona who (!) among the expelled.” . In Len­ successes of the Soviet Union prove leader of ail times and of all peo­ speeches which made him sound know him” to wonder. ingrad, as is well known, the Left all too clearly that the social foun­ ples.” The editor of “ Izvestia,” at like a lion—a somewhat deranged In a properly organized working Opposition has traditionally as­ dations lodged by the October rev­ another congress, relieved himself lion, but one with a deep and in­ class party, the principle of demo­ sumed a Zinovievist coloration, olution have not been destroyed, of this: “ On the threshold of the tolerant roar. Nothing was too cratic centralism is deemed essen­ which must have become accentu­ despite the threatening bourgeois new era stand two peerless titans ¡radical for him in those days, for tial not primarily out of moral or ated after Zinoviev was clapped in degeneration of the ruling stratum, of thought, Lenin and Stalin. . . . he was Obedient to the Stalin of ethical considerations but above all jail. If among a number of more and that these foundations can Can anything be written nowadays the moment. Hoover? Roosevelt? ' because it Is socially, politically than 7,000 the Zinovievists occupy create the necessary pre-conditions on anything at all without know­ Green? Lewis? Thomas? Cahan? correct. Party members rise to the a “ notable place,” then it is quite for a future socialist society. ing Stalin? Absolutely not! Noth­ Trotsky? Olson? Coughlin? A ll of position of leadership because of clear that we are not dealing with To place the U.S.S.R. on the same ing can be understood without them were combined in a colossal superior ability in their work, their a few scores or hundreds. Pre­ plane with capitalist states is to Stalin, nor anything interesting conspiracy to defeat Browder’s ideas, their devotion , to the cause, cisely for this reason the reporter spill out the baby from the wash written.” plans for an immediate and stormy as displayed over a period 6f time, was careful to evade mentioning tub along with the dirty water. Among the titles by which this revolution in the United States. and not in this or that isolated in­ the figure. The advanced workers want to shy Georgian flower graciously per­ A “Red-Blooded American” stance. Often enough, leadership 10,060 Expelled in Capital Cities throw out the dirty water of the mits himself to be called, are : The Then came the news qf the turn is acquired not only by virtue of In addition to the “Trotskyists” bureaucracy but at the same time colossus of steel, the great pilot (or proclaimed by the 7th Congress. prominent participation in the gen­ and the “Zinovievists,” Zhdanov they wish to safeguard and to bring the great engineer, architect, - mas­ Result? Where once he roared, he eral class struggle, but in the made an obscure reference to “ op­ up the baby. That is why, even ter, theoretician, collective farmer, now bleats pathetically. The turn course of internal disputes in the portunists of all sorts.” In all years ago, when times were much etc.), the great disciple of the is towards conservatism, respecta­ party itself. Ideas, platforms, pro­ probability this label covers those more difficult, the oppositionist great masters, the field marshal of bility, patriotism, nationalism, uni­ grams are counterposed, and when party members who have shown re­ movement in the working class re­ the revolutionary army, the chief ted frontism. In his new book, as the best of them prevails (either sistance to the bureaucratic excess­ fused to follow the Mensheviks. of the world proletariat, the heroic in all his other writings and ac­ after internal discussion or after es of the Stakhanov movement. That is why today, it has obviously oganizer of the Red Army, the in­ tions, Browder makes the turn with verification in the class struggle), There need be no doubts that the turned its back upon the Workers’ spirer of the October Revolution, the late convert’s zeal. In the Be­ it is logical that their spokesman opposition groupings in the work­ Opposition, the D.C.ers, and all thé best Leninist, the best among loved Leader of the American pro­ should prevail with them. So-and- ing class have been revived pre­ others who approach the old Men­ the best, the gifted leader, the be­ letariat the new turn of the C. I. soj has demonstrated by his pro­ cisely by the new pressure upon the shevik positions from the “left.” In loved leader, the dearly beloved is full-bloodedly incarnated. Bu- posals and his activity in this sit­ workers, accompanied w ith new this fact we have an incontroverti­ leader, the most dearly beloved denz, the turncoat who took refuge uation in 1919, that situation in and monstrous privileges for the ble verification of our program, for leader ; and more of the same if in the Stalinist camp, emphasizes 1920, the other situation in 1921, bureaucracy and the “ best people.” it has been subjected to testing not you can stand i t to the readers of the Daily Worker * * * etc., that the party would be well- It is noteworthy, in any case, that only in theory but in practice. The that his leader has a “ Kansas advised in elevating him to the post neither Khruschov nor Zhdanov struggle against the bureaucratic Ordaining Lesser “Beloved Leaders” twang” (the frontier touch). A of leadership where his political had a single word to say in refer­ caste and the regime of privileges, As in the U.S.S.R., so in the rest Boston leaflet announcing the C. P. talents may be most beneficial to ence to either the Mensheviks or the struggle for the socialist future of the world. In every communist Lenin memorial meeting anxiously the movement. the Social Revolutionaries. of the country, the struggle for the party, Stalin appoints an agent describes Browder as the “ Kansas- •We wrote, on a previous occa­ world revolution marches in the upon whom is automatically con­ born American leader of the Com­ *“ What Is Communism?” by Earl sion, that during the last months U.S.S.R, under the banner of the ferred the' title of “ beloved leader,” munist party.” His bourgeois bio­ Browder, Vanguard Press. New of 1935, not less than 10,000, and Bolshevik-Leninists, and only under just as the commoner appointed grapher assures his readers that York. 50 cents. most probably close to 20,000 Bol- their banner. Vali of a province conquered by the “ Our No. 1 Communist” has ances- â'A iàli 4 n ü w jmuri'AA'f SATURDAY, MAY 2, 1936

legal transport of revolutionary literature; sometimes for joint ar­ rangements of a street demonstra­ Dubinsky Finds a Haven tion; sometimes to repulse the France at the Crossroads Black Hundred gangs. During elections to the state Duma they in Roosevelt Camp In lieu of an Introduction to the Second Edition of did, under certain conditions, enter into electoral blocs w ith the Men­ “In Defense of Terrorism” David Dubinsky, head of the In­ whole course in the unions. There sheviks or the Social Revolution­ ternational Ladies Garment Work­ only remained that they should set aries, on the second ballot. That By LEON 'TROTSKY ' '—- ers, has declared his support of the formal seal on this treachery is all. No common “ programs,” no Roosevelt. Another long-time mem­ by coming out in support of capi­ common and permanent institutions, Editor’s Note: In response to serving of the slightest trust. It views on this subject The over­ The crisis of the capitalist sys­ ber of the Socialist Party, Emil talist politicians. requests from many of our read­ was not accidental that the cartel turns in Italy, Germany, and Aus­ tem disarms the Radicals, depriv­ no renunciation of the criticism of Rieve, president of the American temporary allies. Such episodic So long as the Old Guard re­ ers we are continuing publication was supplemented by the extensive tria apparently do not exist for ing them of their traditional im­ Federation of Hosiery Worker?, of “France at the Crossroads’’ by agreements and compromises, con­ mained in control of the Socialist participation of the Socialists in these people. W ill’ they cease sing­ plements for lulling the petty bour­ pushed through his union conven­ Party, the Dubinskys found the Leon Trotsky, This introduction the mummery of the lodges. Now ing paeans to “ bare fists” when de geoisie. “The middle classes” are fined strictly to practical aims— tion a resolution endorsing Roose­ and Lenin never spoke of any other mantle of Socialism useful enough to the new French edition of “In the time has come for the repen­ la Rocque claps handcuffs upon beginning to sense if not to under­ velt. The General Executive Board kind—have absolutely nothing in so that they refrained from mak­ Defense of Terrorism” is the tant Communists, also, to don the them? Sometimes one feels sorry stand that it is impossible to save of the Amalgamated Clothing common with the People’s Fr e t ing open commitments with ’ capi­ third section of comrade Trot- aprons! Incidentally, the newly that such an experience cannot be the situation through paltry re­ Workers voted likewise, Joseph skyls series “ Whither France” which represents a conglomeration talist politicians (in New York, converted pupils w ill be able to afforded privately to the Messrs. forms, that it is necessary to sera]» Schlossberg being the only one re­ however, they tacitly supported which is to be published in book serve the old masters of the cartel Leaders, without involving the audaciously the existing system. of heterogenous organizations, a ported to have voted against the form by Pioneer Publishers. long term alliance between differ­ Governor Lehman). But w ith the more comfortably in aprons. masses! But Radicalism and audacity are proposal. Among those voting with collapse of the Old Guard, the Du­ * * * as incompatible as fire and water. ent classes, that are bound for an Sidney Hillman were Abraham Safety Valve for Capitalism From the standpoint of the bour­ entire period—and what a period! binskys dared not remain “ Social­ The sharpening of the class strug­ Fascism is fed above all by the Miller, Louis Hollander and Samuel But, we are told not without in­ geois regime as a whole, the Peo­ —by a common program and a com­ ists” any longer. gle, and especially the open emer­ growing lack of confidence of the Levin, Old Guard Socialists, while dignation, the People’s Front is not ple’s Front represents an episode in mon policy, the policy of parades, One has only to read the fu ll— gence of the armed gangs of reac­ petty bourgeoisie in Radicalism. Leo Krzycki, national chairman of a cartel at all, but a mass move­ the competition between Radicalism declamations, and of throwing up ami laudatory—reports in the New tion, caused great ferment among One can say without fear of exag­ the Socialist Party, is asserted by ment. There is, of course, no lack and Fascism fo r the attention and smokescreens. The People’s Front Leader, A pril 25, of Dubinsky’s the workers’ organizations. The geration that the political fate of the New Leader to have merely of pompous definitions, but they do good graces of big capital. By their w ill fa ll to pieces at the first seri­ speeches before the cloakmakers Socialist Party which had been France in the period immediately abstained on the vote. not change the nature of things. theatrical fraternization with So­ ous test, and deep fissures w ill open and the United Hebrew Trades, to peacefully performing the role of ahead w ill largely take shape de­ These traitors give as their ex­ The job of the cartel always con­ cialists and Communists, the Radi­ up in all of its component sections. see clearly his real animus. His the spare wheel in the chariot of pending upon the manner in which cuse for supporting Roosevelt the sisted in putting a brake upon the cals want to prove to the master The policy of the People’s Front is attack on the Communists and on the Third Republic, found itself Radicalism w ill be liquidated, and preposterous claim that Roosevelt mass movement, directing it into that the situation of the regime is the policy of betrayal. the united front for May Day is compelled to half-renounce its car­ who w ill fa ll heir to its legacy, i.e., w ill save the labor movement from tel tradition, and even to break the channels of class collaboration. not as bad as the Rights assert; jusl window-dressing. The source that the threat of the revolution the influence upon the petty bour­ The rule of Bolshevism on the reaction. They speak of Roosevelt with its own right wing (the Neos). This is precisely the job of the question of blocs reads: march sep­ of his rage is the fact that the is not at all so great; that even geois: Fascism or the party of the in much the same terms with which Concurrently, the Communists com­ People’s Front as well. The d if­ arately, strike together! The rule M ilitant Socialists have adopted a Vaillant-Couturier has swapped his proletariat. the German Socialists supported pleted their evolution in just the ference between them—and not an of the leaders of the present Com­ policy of organized Socialist activi­ unimportant one—is: that the tra­ knife for a dog collar; that through An Axiom of Marxism Hindenburg in 1932. Fortunately, ty in the trade unions and are opposite direction, but on a scale intern is: march together in order there is this difference in the anal­ ditional cartel was aplied during the medium of the domesticated The elementary axiom of Marx­ building Socialist Leagues to for­ infinitely more extensive. Over a to be smashed separately. Let these ogy : the German bureaucracy the comparatively peaceful and “ revolutionists” it is possible to ist strategy reads that the alliance mulate and -carry out policy in the period of several years these gen­ gentlemen hold on to Stalin and dragged the whole Socialist move­ stable epochs of the parliamentary discipline the working masses, and, between the proletariat and the unions. This, according to Dubin­ tlemen had raved deliriously about Dimitrov, but leave Lenin in peace! ment along with them, while in barricades, conquering the streets, regime. Now, however, when the consequently, to save the parlia­ little men of the city and country sky, is a “ Communist assault on the mentary system from shipwreck. Is France Saved from Fascism l America the main forces of the and so on (their delirium, to be masses are impatient and explosive, can be realized only in the irrecon­ unions.” “ Dubinsky deplored what a more imposing brake is needed, I t is impossilbe to read without Socialist Party continue to fight he characterized as the attempt by sure, remained primarily literary Not all the Radicals believe in cilable struggle against the tradi­ for an independent proletarian with the participation of the “com­ tional parliamentary representation indignation the declarations of the the Socialist Party, under the lead­ in nature). Now' after February 6, this maneuver; the most solid and course. munists.” Joint meetings, parade of the petty bourgeoisie. In order bragging leaders who allege that ership of the left wing group, to 1|934, realizing that the situation influential among them, headed by Thus the treachery of the Dubin- processions, oaths, mixing the ban- to attract the peasant to the side the People's Front has “ saved” dictate policies to the labor unions, had taken a serious turn, the spe­ Herriot prefer to take a watchful skys and the Rieves stands out uers of the Commune and of Ver­ of the worker, it is necessary to France from Fascism. In point of and abandonment of the policy of cialists in barricades scurried to position. But in the last analysis still more nakedly as the treachery sailles, noise, bedlam, demagogy— tear the peasant away from the fact, they mean only to say that cooperation with the trade unions.” the right. The normal reflex ac­ they have nothing else to propose of union bureaucrats who have all these serve a single a im : to Radical politician, who subjects the the mutual encouragement “ saved” Dubinsky wept for the good old tion of the scared phrasemongers themselves. The crisis of parlia- reached a point in their degenera­ coincided most propitiously with curb and demoralize the mass move­ mentarianism is first of all the peasant to finance capital. In con­ the scared heroes from their exag­ days of H illq uit: gerated fears. For how long? Be­ tion where they drop even the pre­ the new international orientation ment. crisis of the confidence of the voters tradistinction to this, the People’s “The party of Morris Hillquit tween H itler’s first uprising and tense of being Socialists. of Soviet diplomacy. While justifying himself in the in Radicalism. U ntil some method Front, the conspiracy between the had won the reputation for seeking his coming to power, a decade Logic of Right Wing.Policy to work harmoniously with the la­ Status Quo—the Policy Chamber before the Rights, Sarraut for rejuvenating capitalism is dis­ labor bureaucracy and the worst political exploiters of the middle elapsed, which was marked by fre­ Their treachery is the inevitable bor movement, and now the So­ Oppressed by the danger threat­ declared that his innocent conces­ covered there is not and cannot be classes, is capable only of killing quent ebbs and flows. A t that time, outcome of the Right wing Social­ cialist Party, under the leadership ening from H itler Germany, the sions to the People’s Front were any recipe for the salvation of the nothing else than the safety valve the faith of the masses in the revo­ the German Blums and Cachins ist policy of the last two decades of Norman Thomas, endeavors to policy of the Kremlin turned to­ Radical party. The latter has only lutionary road and of driving them also used to proclaim more than in the “ Socialist-controlled” un­ split and disrupt the labor move­ ward France. Status quo—in inter­ of the regime. Such frankness may the choice between two variants of seem imprudent. But it was re­ political doom. Even the relative into the arms of the Fascist coun­ once their “victory” over national ions. B uilt by class-conscious ment.” national relations! Status quo in socialism. We refused to believe warded by violent applause from success it may score during the ter-revolution. workers, these unions were from Dubinsky’s Hatred of ‘Militants’ the internal relations of the French them, and we were not mistaken. the benches of the extreme left. coming elections can neither avert Unbelievable as it may seem, the first officered by Socialist Party Here is the root of Dubinsky’s regime! Hopes for the social rev­ This experience, however, has members. Even when a bureau­ olution? Chimeras! The leading Ergo, there was no reason for Sar­ nor even long postpone its ship­ some cynics attempt to justify the hate and fear of the M ilitant So­ raut to be bashful. In any case, taught the French cousins of Weis cracy developed in these unions and circles in the Kremlin refer as a wreck. policy of the People’s Front by cialists ; and well may he fear. For he succeeded, perhaps, not quite and Thaelmann nothing. In Ger­ crystallized during the war years, rule only with contempt to French quoting Lenin, who, if you please, despite their present weaknesses, consciously, in providing a classic Is This a Bloc? many, to be sure, the Communists it had to continue to render lip- communism. One must hang on to proved that there is no getting did not participate in the People’s the Socialist Leagues in the unions definition of the People’s Front: a The leaders of the Socialist Party service to the Socialism adhered to what exists, lest things get worse. along without “ compromises” and, Front, which united the social de­ constitute the most serious threat safety valve for the mass move­ the most carefree politicians in by the most active union members. Parliamentary democracy in France in particular, without making agree­ mocracy with the bourgeois left, to the Dubinskys in a decade. In ment. M. Sarraut is generally lucky France, do not burden themselves But after the 1919 split in the is inconceivable without the Radi­ ments with other parties. It has and the Catholic Center ( “the a lli­ ■these leagues, inevitably, the So­ with his aphorisms! with the study of the sociology of Socialist Party, there ceased to be cals : they must be supported by become an established rule among ance between the proletariat and cialist workers w ill hammer out a the People’s Front. No one can even the semblance of a Socialist the Socialists. I t is necessary to Foreign Policy of People’s Front the leaders of the present Comin­ the middle classes” ! During that class-struggle union policy and learn anything from the endless policy pursued under party direc­ order the Communists not to hinder Foreign policy is the continuation tern to make mock of Lenin: they period the Comintern rejected even come to grips with the bureaucrats. monologues of Leon Blum. As for tion in the unions. Under the spe­ the bloc between Blum and Her- , of home policy. Having entirely trample underfoot all the teachings fighting agreements between work­ We are sure that these Socialist the Communists, the latter, ex­ cious formula of “cooperation with riot, and if possible, the Commu­ renounced the viewpoint of the pro­ of the builder of the Bolshevik ing class organizations against workers, who know Dubinsky and tremely proud of their initiative in the unions, not trying to dominate nists, themselves, must join the bloc. letariat, Blum, Cachin and Co. party, and then they take a trip to Fascism. The results are quite well his like at close range, are happiest the cause of collaboration with the them,” the H illq uit leadership col­ No convulsions, no threats! Such adopt, under the screen of “ collec­ Moscow to kneel before his Mauso­ known. The warmest sympathy to of all that these traitors are no bourgeoisie, picture the People’s leum. laborated with the union bureau­ longer members of the Socialist is the course pursued by the Krem­ tive security” and “ international Thaelmann as the captive of execu­ cracy in its class-collaboration pol­ lin. Front as an alliance between the Party. A deadening weight has law,” the viewpoint of national im­ The Tradition of Lenin tioners cannot deter us from saying icy, its venality, its persecution of When Stalin renounces the world perialism. They are preparing pre­ proletariat and the middle classes. that his policy, i.e., the policy of been lifted from the shoulders of What a parody on Marxism! The Lenin began his activities in the m ilitant union members. When revolution, the bourgeois parties of cisely the same policy of bootlicking Stalin, did more for H itler’s vic­ the Socialist workers; they are Radical party is not at all the party Czarist Russia, where not only the rank and file Socialists protested France refuse to believe him. Need­ which they had conducted in the tory than the policy of H itler him­ freer to recruit the masses in the of the petty bourgeoisie. Nor is it proletariat, the peasantry, and the against this course, they were told less caution! In politics, blind years 1914 to 1918, adding only the self. Having turned itself inside unions to Socialism. a “ bloc between the middle and the intelligentsia but also wide circles by Hillquit that it would be a credulity is, of course, not a great phrase “For the Defense of the out, the Comintern now applies in It is unfortunate that the Dubin­ petty bourgeoisie,” in accordance of the bourgeoisie stood in opposi­ crime against the unions if Social­ virtue. But blind distrust is no U.S.S.R.” Yet during the years France the quite fam iliar policy of skys were permitted to take the with the idiotic definition of the tion to the old regime. I f the pol­ ist union members joined together better. One must know how to com­ 11918-1923, when Soviet diplomacy the German Social Democracy. Is initiative and choose their own op­ Moscow Pravdau The middle bour­ icy of the People’s Front has any ;to formulate a policy for a union. pare words with deeds and be able was also obliged to veer consider­ it really so difficult to foresee the portunity to leave the Socialist geoisie exploits the petty bourgeoi­ justification at all, one should ima­ Living and Acting Like Bosses to recognize a general tendency of ably and to conclude a good many results ? Party. They should have been sie not only economically but also gine that it could be justified first Thus freed by H illquit from any development over a period of years. agreements, not a single one of the The coming parliamentary elec­ driven out long ago by the party politically, and it itself is the agen­ of a ll in a country that has yet to possible restraining influence of The policy of Stalin, determined by sections of the Communist Interna­ tions, no matter what their out­ on its own initiative. The workers cy of finance capital. To give the achieve its bourgeois revolution. the Socialist rank and file, the the interests of the privileged So­ tional so much as even dared to come, w ill not in themselves bring domineered and oppressed by the hierarchic political relations, based The Messrs. Falsifiers, however, Dubinskys were free to develop all viet bureaucracy, has become con­ think of a bloc w ith its own bour­ any serious changes into the situ­ bureaucrats would have hajl all the , upon exploitation, the neutral name would not do badly at all if they the repulsive characteristics of a servative through and through. The geoisie! Is not this alone ample ation : the voters, in the filial anal­ more respect for the Socialist Party , of a “ bloc” is to make mock of were to point out at what stage and reformist trade union bureaucracy French bourgeoisie has ample rea­ proof of the sincerity of Stalin’s ysis, are confronted with the choice had it done so. Nevertheless, the . reality. A horseman is not a bloc under what conditions the Bolshe­ in an era of relative capitalist sta­ sons to place faith in Stalin. A ll renunciation of the world revolu­ between an arbiter of the type of fact that the Dubinskys are no between a man and a horse. I f vik ¿arty ever built even a sem­ bility. Never called upon to give the less reason for trust on the part tion? Laval and an arbiter of the type, longer covered by the mantle of the party of Herriot-Daladier ex- blance of the People's Front in Rus­ an accounting of themselves to the of the French proletariat. The self-same motives which im­ Herriot-Daladier. But inasmuch as Socialism is a good, healthy sign ’ tends its roots deeply into the petty sia? Let them strain their imagi­ Socialist rank and file, much less The Society for Bankrupts pelled the present leaders of the Herriot has peacefully collaborated of the leftward development of the ! bourgeoisie, and in part even into nation and rummage among the called upon to collaborate with the Comintern to suckle at the paps of with Laval, and Daladier has sup­ Socialist Party. Given a continua­ During the Trade Union Unity the working masses, it does so only historical documents! Sociaist workers in formulation of tion of this development, and one congress at Toulouse, the “ commu­ “democracy” in its period of agony, ported them both, the difference be­ ' in order to lull and dupe them in The Bolsheviks did conclude policy, the Dubinskys lived like Dubinsky w ill be replaced by a nist’’ Racamond gave a truly im­ led them to discover the glorious the interests of the capitalist order. tween them is entirely insignificant, image of the League of Nations, practical agreements with the rev­ bosses, acted like bosses, and thousand honest workers. mortal formula of the policy of the ; The Radicals are the democratic if measured by the scale of the when the death rattle was already thought like bosses; the psycholo­ ,We refrain from commenting at People’s Front: “ How to overcome party of French imperialism—any olutionary petty bourgeois organi­ tasks set by history. emanating from it. Thus was cre­ gy of the employers becomes far length on the tru ly disgusting be­ the tim idity of the Radical Party ?” other definition is a lie. zations, for example, for join t il- (To be continued) ated a common platform of foreign more akin to such bureaucrats than havior of the Old Guard Socialists- How to overcome the bourgeoisie’s the psychology of the workers fear of the proletariat? Very sim­ policy between the Radicals and the Dubinsky abandons Socialism and the Fascists turning into “ respecta­ whom they dominate so ruthlessly. ply : the terrible revolutionists must Soviet Union. The home program jumps on the Roosevelt bandwagon. ble conservatives.” Ludwig Lore fling away the knife clenched be­ of the People’s Front is concocted Peoples Front Salvages So long as the Communist Party Not a word of reproof from the Old tween their teeth, they must put of generalities which allow of as prophetically foretold in his column was a revolutionary organization, Guard Socialists! Instead, they pomade on their hair, and filch the liberal an interpretation as does a few days before the elections that whose organized fractions in the give columns and columns to his smile of the most fascinating cour­ the Geneva covenant. The general the “ French Fascists Seem About trade unions confronted the Social­ ballyhoo for Roosevelt and attacks Radicals in Elections to Join the 3-toed Horse” ; and tesan. The result will be Vaillant- meaning of the program is to leave ist bureaucrats with the needs of on the M ilitant Socialists. The Old Gannes and the Daily Worker Couturier—-latest model. Under the everything as of old. Meanwhile, the workers, the Dubinskys found Guard taunts Krzycki for abstain­ onset of the pomaded “communists,” the masses refuse flo accept the (Continued from Page 1) produces under more tense condi­ shout with him that “Fifty Million it easier to maintain their control ing on the Roosevelt vote in the Frenchmen Can’t Be Wrong!” who with all their strength pushed old any longer: therein lies the be realized, the relationship of tions the main aspects of the Cham­ by retaining their Socialist mem­ Amalgamated; and i f it is true, (A pril 29), and that “ Fascism was the leftward moving Socialists to gist of the political crisis. forces in the new Chamber w ill d if­ ber that was elected in 1932. The bership, thus being able to assert Krzycki deserves the severest treat­ the right, Blum had to change his Proletarian Disarmament fer little from that in the last. old Chamber was also the result effectually smashed by the results that their differences with the ment. But not a word in the New of the elections on Sunday in course once again, fortunately, in In the last Chamber the “ left” of a “ leftward sweep,” it was like­ Communist Party was one within Leader about the three official and Disarming the proletariat polit­ France.” (H. Gannes in D.W., the proletariat. But with the de­ six non-party Old Guardists who the accustomed direction. Thus ically, the Blums, Paul Faures, bloc numbered 314 out of the total wise headed by the “ left” govern­ ment of Daladier-Frot, the govern­ A pril 28). generation of the Communist Party, voted for Rioosevelt! The most arose the People’s Front—the so­ Cachins and Thorezes are most 611 (of these the Radicals had ment which capitulated in 1934 to Fascist bullets and knives can­ and its resultant impotence in the likely explanation is that the Old ciety for insuring Radical bank­ concerned lest the workers arm 151; S.P., 93,; C.P., 10; the dissi­ the Fascists. 'We have the same not be exorcized by ballots, not unions, this restraining influence Guard is leaving the door open for rupts at the expense of the capital themselves physically. The agita­ dent communists, 10; and Paul setting, and even the same leading even by such magicians as Lore or disappeared. Meanwhile, the gen­ ■them to follow Dubinsky, Rieve, of the working class organizations. tion of these gentlemen does not Boncour’s Socialist and Republican aytors from Daladier down, sup­ Gannes. eration of Socialist workers who Miller, et al, into the Roosevelt Radicalism is inseparable from differ in any way from the preach­ Union, 39). ported by an extra cast of Stalin­ While the misleaders of the built the needle trades unions has camp. Freemasonry. When we say this, er’s sermons on the superiorities In the new Chamber, a “ left” majority—-320-340 out of 618—can ists and Socialists. French working class are celebrat­ been dying off. The younger gen­ we have said everything. During of the moral principles. Engels ing the “ defeat” of Fascism, the eration which has taken their place be had only with the participation I t is the good old merry-go- the debate in the Chamber of Dep­ who taught that the problem of agencies of finance capital are were not met by organized Social­ of the Radicals, including both the round. I t is therefore not surpris­ uties on the Fascist leagues, Mr. state power is the problem of swinging into action. “ faithful” and the dubious friends ing to find that the editor of the ist activity which drew them into Xavier Valla recalled that Trotsky armed detachments, and Marx who the p arty; and those who went to of the People’s Front. New York Sun holds the same Finance-Capital Into Action had once “ prohibited” French com­ looked upon insurrection as an art the Socialist Party on their own munists from participating in Ma­ seem to be akin to medieval bar­ In other words, if the Radicals views on the subject of the French Even though the leftward move­ choose (i.e., if they are so ordered elections as does the Manchester ment of the masses is being dissi­ initiative were repelled by the fact sonic lodges. Mr. Jammy Schmidt, barians in the eyes of the present that they and the Dubinskys "were who we believe is a high authority deputies, senators and mayors of by French finance capital), they Guardian and Ludwig Lore of the pated by the bankrupt and reac­ may agree to head a People’s Front New York Post, who, in turn, is tionary labor bureaucracies of the members of the same party. I t is in this field, immediately explained the People’s Front. For the one a sobering fact to realize what a this edict by the incompatibility be­ hundred and first time, Populaire government, or even participate in in agreement with H arry Gannes C.P. and the S.P., it constitutes a it w ith Leon Blum as Premier; or and the Daily Worker. dire threat of the rulers of France. small percentage of the present tween despotic Bolshevism and the prints a cartoon picturing a naked union membership even vote So­ “ free spirit.” We shall not dispute worker with the caption: “ You w ill they may prefer to enter into a On A pril 29, the New York Sun They mean to stem the movement bloc with the reactionaries of the and sow demoralization even be­ cialist or Communist, as compared this point with the Radical deputy. learn that our bare fists are more carried an editorial entitled “A to the solid Socialist ranks of the But we still consider that a labor solid than all your black-jacks.” Center or the Right as they have Blow at Fascism,” which points fore the run-offs. The prices on the done innumerable times in the past. stock market are tumbling, and generation which built these un­ representative, who seeks inspira­ What a splendid contempt for m ili­ out that Fascism took “a beating” ions. tion or solace in the vapid Masonic tary technique! Even the Abyssin­ The Merry-Go-Bound Again at the ballot boxes. The English preparations are being completed Thus the stage has long been set cult of class-collaboration, is unde- ian negus holds more progressive Thus, the “ victory” merely re­ liberal Manchester Guardian sees to suspend the threat of devaluat­ ing the franc (which can be done for the treachery of the Dubinskys. by the bankers whenever they They have been treacherous in their choose) over the victory-drunk Under the cover of these moves, ceed to redouble its activities. the Fascist hordes, now numbering There are clear signs, however, close to 700,000 are being prepared that the French workers have for more intensive operations on learned from the experience of the extra-parliamentary field. With Italy, Germany, Austria, and Spain. gun and knife the armed thugs w ill The struggle w ill be decided not in try to stem the tide and to spread Parliament but in the streets; and the demoralization, for which the the revolutionary cadres under the policies of the People’s Front lay banner of the Fourth International the foundation. In short, instead are making their presence already of being crushed, Fascism w ill pro­ felt.