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BIO 313 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Corrected
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: BIO 314 COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1 BIO 314: ANIMAL ECOLOGY Team Writers: Dr O.A. Olajuyigbe Department of Biology Adeyemi Colledge of Education, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. Miss F.C. Olakolu Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Mrs H.O. Omogoriola Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. EDITOR: Mrs Ajetomobi School of Agricultural Sciences Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos 2 BIO 313 COURSE GUIDE Introduction Animal Ecology (313) is a first semester course. It is a two credit unit elective course which all students offering Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biology can take. Animal ecology is an important area of study for scientists. It is the study of animals and how they related to each other as well as their environment. It can also be defined as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. Since this is a course in animal ecology, we will focus on animals, which we will define fairly generally as organisms that can move around during some stages of their life and that must feed on other organisms or their products. There are various forms of animal ecology. This includes: • Behavioral ecology, the study of the behavior of the animals with relation to their environment and others • Population ecology, the study of the effects on the population of these animals • Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment). -
TNP SOK 2011 Internet
GARDEN ROUTE NATIONAL PARK : THE TSITSIKAMMA SANP ARKS SECTION STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Contributors: N. Hanekom 1, R.M. Randall 1, D. Bower, A. Riley 2 and N. Kruger 1 1 SANParks Scientific Services, Garden Route (Rondevlei Office), PO Box 176, Sedgefield, 6573 2 Knysna National Lakes Area, P.O. Box 314, Knysna, 6570 Most recent update: 10 May 2012 Disclaimer This report has been produced by SANParks to summarise information available on a specific conservation area. Production of the report, in either hard copy or electronic format, does not signify that: the referenced information necessarily reflect the views and policies of SANParks; the referenced information is either correct or accurate; SANParks retains copies of the referenced documents; SANParks will provide second parties with copies of the referenced documents. This standpoint has the premise that (i) reproduction of copywrited material is illegal, (ii) copying of unpublished reports and data produced by an external scientist without the author’s permission is unethical, and (iii) dissemination of unreviewed data or draft documentation is potentially misleading and hence illogical. This report should be cited as: Hanekom N., Randall R.M., Bower, D., Riley, A. & Kruger, N. 2012. Garden Route National Park: The Tsitsikamma Section – State of Knowledge. South African National Parks. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2 2. ACCOUNT OF AREA........................................................................................................2 -
Fasanbi SHOWCASE
Threatened Species Monitoring PROGRAMME Threatened Species in South Africa: A review of the South African National Biodiversity Institutes’ Threatened Species Programme: 2004–2009 Acronyms ADU – Animal Demography Unit ARC – Agricultural Research Council BASH – Big Atlassing Summer Holiday BIRP – Birds in Reserves Project BMP – Biodiversity Management Plan BMP-S – Biodiversity Management Plans for Species CFR – Cape Floristic Region CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CoCT – City of Cape Town CREW – Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers CWAC – Co-ordinated Waterbird Counts DEA – Department of Environmental Affairs DeJaVU – December January Atlassing Vacation Unlimited EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMI – Environmental Management Inspector GBIF – Global Biodiversity Information Facility GIS – Geographic Information Systems IAIA – International Association for Impact Assessment IAIAsa – International Association for Impact Assessment South Africa IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature LAMP – Long Autumn Migration Project LepSoc – Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa MCM – Marine and Coastal Management MOA – memorandum of agreement MOU – memorandum of understanding NBI – National Botanical Institute NEMA – National Environmental Management Act NEMBA – National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act NGO – non-governmental organization NORAD – Norwegian Agency for Development Co–operation QDGS – quarter-degree grid square SABAP – Southern African Bird Atlas Project SABCA – Southern African -
Namibia & the Okavango
Pel’s Fishing Owl - a pair was found on a wooded island south of Shakawe (Jan-Ake Alvarsson) NAMIBIA & THE OKAVANGO 21 SEPTEMBER – 8 OCTOBER 2017 LEADER: STEVE BRAINE For most of the country the previous three years drought had been broken and although too early for the mi- grants we did however do very well with birding generally. We searched and found all the near endemics as well as the endemic Dune Lark. Besides these we also had a new write-in for the trip! In the floodplains after observing a wonderful Pel’s Fishing Owl we travelled down a side channel of the Okavango River to look for Pygmy Geese, we were lucky and came across several pairs before reaching a dried-out floodplain. Four birds flew out of the reedbeds and looked rather different to the normal weavers of which there were many, a closer look at the two remaining birds revealed a beautiful pair of Cuckoo Finches. These we all enjoyed for a brief period before they followed the other birds which had now disappeared into the reedbeds. Very strong winds on three of the birding days made birding a huge challenge to say the least after not finding the rare and difficult Herero Chat we had to make alternate arrangements at another locality later in the trip. The entire tour from the Hosea Kutako International Airport outside the capital Windhoek and returning there nineteen days later delivered 375 species. Out of these, four birds were seen only by the leader, a further three species were heard but not seen. -
SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does Not Include Alcidae
SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does not include Alcidae CREATED BY AZA CHARADRIIFORMES TAXON ADVISORY GROUP IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA ANIMAL WELFARE COMMITTEE Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Charadriiformes Taxon Advisory Group. (2014). Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Original Completion Date: October 2013 Authors and Significant Contributors: Aimee Greenebaum: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Vice Chair, Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Alex Waier: Milwaukee County Zoo, USA Carol Hendrickson: Birmingham Zoo, USA Cindy Pinger: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Chair, Birmingham Zoo, USA CJ McCarty: Oregon Coast Aquarium, USA Heidi Cline: Alaska SeaLife Center, USA Jamie Ries: Central Park Zoo, USA Joe Barkowski: Sedgwick County Zoo, USA Kim Wanders: Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Mary Carlson: Charadriiformes Program Advisor, Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Perry: Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Crook-Martin: Buttonwood Park Zoo, USA Shana R. Lavin, Ph.D.,Wildlife Nutrition Fellow University of Florida, Dept. of Animal Sciences , Walt Disney World Animal Programs Dr. Stephanie McCain: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Veterinarian Advisor, DVM, Birmingham Zoo, USA Phil King: Assiniboine Park Zoo, Canada Reviewers: Dr. Mike Murray (Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA) John C. Anderson (Seattle Aquarium volunteer) Kristina Neuman (Point Blue Conservation Science) Sarah Saunders (Conservation Biology Graduate Program,University of Minnesota) AZA Staff Editors: Maya Seaman, MS, Animal Care Manual Editing Consultant Candice Dorsey, PhD, Director of Animal Programs Debborah Luke, PhD, Vice President, Conservation & Science Cover Photo Credits: Jeff Pribble Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management. -
Biodiversity in Central African Forests: an Overview of Knowledge, Main Challenges and Conservation Measures
CHAPTER 3 BIODIVERSITY IN CENTRAL AFRICAN FORESTS: AN OVERVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE, MAIN CHALLENGES AND CONSERVATION MEASURES Alain Billand CIRAD Introduction As in previous State of the Forest (SOF) reports, the term biodiversity is defined here as “the variability among living organisms in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Central African forests”. This definition includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (according to Hooper et al., 2005). Such a broad definition of biodiversity neces- sitates great modesty on the part of anyone in- terested in acquiring knowledge of biodiversity Dubois © Grégoire and its sustainable management, including plan- ners and researchers. Actually, there continues to ested area in the Congo Basin. There are no spe- Photo 3.1: Area of swamp in be a significant shortage of scientific data on spe- cific biodiversity conservation measures, apart Gabon cies and highly complex ecological systems. from “ordinary” law, for other areas that have This chapter is divided into two parts: no particular status, calling attention to the remaining 60 % of land where biodiversity is • The first part summarizes what is known about under the greatest threat: the main groups and families of fauna. It sup- plements information contained in previous – These are the areas that are the least docu- State of the Forest reports (SOF 2006 and mented; 2008). These reports placed particular empha- – These areas are at the highest risk for defor- sis on improving expertise in monitoring em- estation; blematic biodiversity as well as its conservation: – These areas may have high economic poten- this concerns a small number of animal species, tial for agricultural expansion or increasing mainly large mammals. -
Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds Within Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos State, Nigeria
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2015): 78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds within Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos State, Nigeria Oluwatimilehin E. Olabamiyo1, Akinsola I. Akinpelu2 1, 2Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Zoology, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Abstract: The diversity and the feeding guilds of birds in Lekki Conservation Centre was carried out over a period of six months (May- October) with a view to providing information on the complexity of ecosystem structure and updated information on each type of habitat in the Centre. The sampled area covered both the forest area and grassland region of the study site. The Line Transect method was used. A total of 89 bird species belonging to 34 families were recorded during the study covering an area of about 70 hectares. The species diversity was measured by Shannon’s diversity index which was based on the number of species for Transect A, Transect B and Forest was 3.242, 3.146 and 2.704 respectively while the species evenness measured based on the number of species for Transect A, Transect B and Forest was 0.3763, 0.347 and 0.4152 respectively The result of the study concluded that birds’ species in the grassland region were more diverse than the forest area while the birds’ in the Forest area was evenly distributed than birds in the grassland. The avian feeding guild concluded that insectivores birds were widely distributed in the sampled area. Keywords: Ecosystem Structure, Feeding Guilds, Diversity, Evenness, Conservation Centre 1. -
Common Birds of Namibia and Botswana 1 Josh Engel
Common Birds of Namibia and Botswana 1 Josh Engel Photos: Josh Engel, [[email protected]] Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History and Tropical Birding Tours [www.tropicalbirding.com] Produced by: Tyana Wachter, R. Foster and J. Philipp, with the support of Connie Keller and the Mellon Foundation. © Science and Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [[email protected]] [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org/guides] Rapid Color Guide #584 version 1 01/2015 1 Struthio camelus 2 Pelecanus onocrotalus 3 Phalacocorax capensis 4 Microcarbo coronatus STRUTHIONIDAE PELECANIDAE PHALACROCORACIDAE PHALACROCORACIDAE Ostrich Great white pelican Cape cormorant Crowned cormorant 5 Anhinga rufa 6 Ardea cinerea 7 Ardea goliath 8 Ardea pupurea ANIHINGIDAE ARDEIDAE ARDEIDAE ARDEIDAE African darter Grey heron Goliath heron Purple heron 9 Butorides striata 10 Scopus umbretta 11 Mycteria ibis 12 Leptoptilos crumentiferus ARDEIDAE SCOPIDAE CICONIIDAE CICONIIDAE Striated heron Hamerkop (nest) Yellow-billed stork Marabou stork 13 Bostrychia hagedash 14 Phoenicopterus roseus & P. minor 15 Phoenicopterus minor 16 Aviceda cuculoides THRESKIORNITHIDAE PHOENICOPTERIDAE PHOENICOPTERIDAE ACCIPITRIDAE Hadada ibis Greater and Lesser Flamingos Lesser Flamingo African cuckoo hawk Common Birds of Namibia and Botswana 2 Josh Engel Photos: Josh Engel, [[email protected]] Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History and Tropical Birding Tours [www.tropicalbirding.com] Produced by: Tyana Wachter, R. Foster and J. Philipp, -
Namibia and Botswana
Namibia and Botswana 8 – 23 September 2012 Guide: Steve Braine INTRODUCTION A very successful trip was undertaken before the annual migrants had arrived through Namibia and a portion of Botswana incorporating a section of the Okavango pan handle, (the area which widens out to form the impressive Okavango swamps). The trip entailed driving a total distance of 3503 km starting in the capital of Namibia, Windhoek and ending at this same destination. During the trip a total of 345 species were seen, a further five species were heard and not seen, 42 various mammals and 9 species of reptiles were also recorded. Arlan and Linda arrived at Hosea Kutako airport outside Windhoek at 12h00 on the 8 September and we then transferred to our overnight accommodation in Windhoek, the Onganga Guesthouse. The rest of the afternoon we spent around the Avis dam on the outskirts of Windhoek and thereafter we visited the Gammams sewerage works. We recorded a total of 60 species for the first day and around Avis Dam we had good views of Burnt-necked Eremomela, a soaring African White-backed Vulture, perched views of Black-winged (Black-shouldered) Kite, Rock Kestrel, Black-faced (cheeked) Waxbill, Pririt Batis, Swallow-tailed Bee-eater, Chestnut-vented Tit Babbler (Warbler), and along the shore line African Pipit, Black-winged Stilt, Blacksmith’s Plover (Lapwing), Little Egret and Three-banded and Kittlitz’s Plover. We also had very brief views of a pair of Orange-river Francolins and African Quail Finch; the former flushed from near the pathway by ourselves the latter flushed by some folks walking their dogs! When reaching our parked vehicle after our walk we had our first pair of Monteiro’s Hornbills fly by. -
South Africa: the Southwestern Cape & Kruger August 17–September 1, 2018
SOUTH AFRICA: THE SOUTHWESTERN CAPE & KRUGER AUGUST 17–SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 Leopard LEADER: PATRICK CARDWELL LIST COMPILED BY: PATRICK CARDWELL VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM SOUTH AFRICA: THE SOUTHWESTERN CAPE & KRUGER AUGUST 17–SEPTEMER 1, 2018 By Patrick Cardwell Our tour started in the historical gardens of the Alphen Hotel located in the heart of the Constantia Valley, with vineyards dating back to 1652 with the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck, the first Governor of the Cape. Surrounded by aging oak and poplar trees, this Heritage Site hotel is perfectly situated as a central point within the more rural environs of Cape Town, directly below the towering heights of Table Mountain and close to the internationally acclaimed botanical gardens of Kirstenbosch. DAY 1 A dramatic change in the prevailing weather pattern dictated a ‘switch’ between scheduled days in the itinerary to take advantage of a window of relatively calm sea conditions ahead of a cold front moving in across the Atlantic from the west. Our short drive to the harbor followed the old scenic road through the wine lands and over Constantia Nek to the picturesque and well-wooded valley of Hout (Wood) Bay, so named by the Dutch settlers for the abundance of old growth yellow wood trees that were heavily exploited during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Our skipper was on standby to welcome us on board a stable sport fishing boat with a wraparound gunnel, ideal for all-round pelagic seabird viewing and photographic opportunity in all directions. -
Namibia & Botswana 2014
Namibia & Botswana 2014 A Tropical Birding Custom Trip Namibia & Botswana Tropical Birding Custom Trip August 7-23, 2014 Guides: Ken Behrens & Charley Hesse Photos by Ken Behrens. Most photos taken during the trip. Annotated checklist by Jerry Connolly www.tropicalbirding.com WINDHOEK After arrival in Namibia’s capital, we had a day to relax and enjoy the excellent birding on offer around this small and charming city. Windhoek has a population of about 300,000, out of Namibia’s tiny population of only 2.1 million, remarkable for a country that is twice the size of California. Crimson-breasted Gonolek (left), the national bird of Namibia, showed well at Avis Dam. On our morning walk at Avis Dam, we enjoyed Marico Sunbird (bottom left) and Southern Cordonbleu (top right), while there were a bounty of waterbirds at the Gammons Water Care (Sewage!) Works, including African Darter (bottom right) and Red-knobbed Coot (top left). Our day in Windhoek was relaxing but still productive. From Windhoek, in the central mountains, we descended into the Namib Desert, where species like these Common Ostrich survive despite incredibly harsh conditions. South African Ground Squirrel (top); Namib Dune Ant (bottom right); and Rueppell’s Bustard (bottom left), creatures of the Namib. WALVIS BAY AND SWAKOPMUND The Namib dune fields hold Namibia’s sole political endemic, the Dune Lark. Walvis Bay itself is a mecca for waterbirds, including thousands of flamingos. SPITZKOPPE From the Namib coast, we headed inland to Spitzkoppe, one of Namibia’s most striking landmarks. Our avian target at Spitzkoppe was the scarce Herero Chat. -
Akanyura Wetland Survey
BIODIVERSITY SURVEY IN AKANYARU WETLANDS, UNPROTECTED IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS IN RWANDA Nsabagasani, C., Nsengimana, S. and Hakizimana, E. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A Biodiversity Survey in Akanyaru Wetland, unprotected Important Bird Areas in Rwanda was conducted in the period of July and December 2008. The survey aimed to providing up-to-date baseline information on the biodiversity in Akanyaru wetland and the threats this IBA is facing. The survey updated a checklist of the birds and mammals of Akanyaru wetlands, estimated the abundance of water birds at Lake Kamudeberi and assessed the conservation status of bird species in accordance with IUCN and CITES. Different threats affecting the Akanyaru wetland were also documented. A total of 111 bird species gathered in 37 families, were recorded in Akanyaru wetlands by sights and/or sounds during the point counts, opportunistic sampling and total counts methods. Madagascar Pond Heron, an IUCN listed as endangered was recorded in the Northern of Akanyaru wetlands. Four bird species listed by CITES were recorded and these include Egyptian Goose, Hadada Ibis, Little Egret and Sacred ibis. Waterbirds and their groups were selected according to the form “AFRICAN WATERBIRD CENSUS (AfWC), CENSUS FORM EASTERN AFRICA” elaborated by Wetland International. The population of eighteen species was counted in the lake Kamudeberi and the surrounding vegetation. Seven species of Mammals were recorded in papyrus and Crocodile and Hippopotamus were observed in the waterbody of Akanyaru River. Other unidentified animals including species of Amphibians, Mouses, Fishes and Snakes were also recorded. The information obtained on the use of the swamp and various attitudes of the people towards the swamp show that Akanyaru wetland is exposed to the serious threats.